Antibody कैसे काम करते हैं इसे समझें | Basic Science Series Hindi

Antibody Introduction in Hindi | Antigen Hindi | Immune System Course in Hindi | Basic Science Series Hindi
• An antibody (Ab), is also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), because it has a globular structure and it is an essential part of the immune system. Antibody is a large, Y-shaped protein molecule produced mainly by plasma cells. Its main function is to neutralize pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
• The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the pathogen, called an antigen. Antigens (Ag) are structures that can specifically bound to antibodies (Ab). These antigens are responsible for the activation of the immune system.
• Antigens are "targeted" by antibodies. Each antibody is specifically produced by the immune system to match an antigen after cells in the immune system come into contact with it. This allows a precise identification of antigen and the initiation of an immune response. Antigens are usually proteins, peptides (amino acid chains) and polysaccharides.
• Antibodies constitute most of the gamma globulin fraction of the blood proteins. They have two large heavy chains and two small light chains. Antibodies have a flexible hinge region that helps during the binding of the antibody with the antigen. the antibody has Fab and Fc regions, Fab is the region that binds with antigen and Fc binds with the cell receptor.
• Antibodies can occur in two physical forms, a soluble form that is secreted from the cell to be free in the blood plasma, and a membrane-bound form that is attached to the surface of a B cell and is referred to as the B-cell receptor (BCR). In most cases, the interaction of the B cell with a T helper cell is also required necessary to cause full activation of the B cell.
• An Interesting question is that how an antibody works and neutralizes the pathogen, each tip of the antibody contains a structure that is specific for one particular structure of an antigen, that allows these two structures to bind together with high precision and affinity. Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize the target directly with the help of complement proteins.
• Very importantly, the large and diverse populations of antibodies are generated by random recombination events of a set of gene segments that encode different antigen-binding sites. It is followed by random mutations in this area of the antibody gene, which create further diversity.
• This recombination process that produces antibody diversity is called V(D)J or VJ recombination. Basically, the antibody hypervariable regions is polygenic, made up of three genes, V, D, and J. Each paratope locus is also polymorphic, such that during antibody production, one allele of V, one of D, and one of J is selected. These gene segments are then joined together using random genetic recombination. The regions where the genes are randomly rejoined together are the hypervariable region which is used to recognize different antigens.
Tags
The antibody in Hindi, Antigen in Hindi, Immune system in Hindi, Function of the immune system, immunology course, antibody course, how antibody produced, plasma cells, antigens, types of antigen ns, infection, virus, bacteria, B cell receptor, B cells, T cells, antibody diversity, VDJ rearrangement, ADJ recombination, Immunity in Hindi, Immune system, antibody structure, Fab and Fc area of antibody.
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