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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 8 ก.ย. 2024
- The Haut-Koenigsbourg or Castle Haut-Koenigsbourg (French: Château du Haut-Koenigsbourg) is located near Orschwiller in Alsace about ten kilometers west of Sélestat. The castle is situated on a rocky ridge (Stophanberch) of the eastern Vosges at an altitude of 755 m above sea level. The view of the Rhine Valley from the castle.
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In the Middle Ages, the Hohkönigsburg was the center of the seigniory of Königsburg, which also included the village of Orschweiler. Until 1648, the seigniory was part of Further Austria.
The castle was first mentioned in the 12th century. Its strategic importance was recognized by the Duke of Swabia, Frederick of Hohenstaufen. The castle was built around 1147 as Schloss Staufen or also Castrum Estufin by the Dukes of Lorraine. Due to its strategic position, the owners of the castle dominated the villages and trade routes in this part of the Rhine valley. The site of the castle is at the intersection of the trade routes for grain and wine (north-south) and silver and salt (west-east). From 1192 the name Königsburg was used. In 1359 the Hohenstaufen family sold the castle to the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg. In 1454, Elector Frederick I of the Palatinate, as governor of Alsace, conquered the castle. In 1479, the castle and manor were issued as an Austrian fief by Emperor Frederick III to the Swiss Count Oswald von Thierstein and his brother Wilhelm. After the extinction of the Thierstein family in 1517, the fief fell back to Austria.
On January 29, 1533, the seigniory was pledged to Schweighard Jan and Frans Koenraad van Sickingen. The property then passed to the barons of Bollwiller in 1605 and then to the Fugger family in 1617.
During the Thirty Years' War, the castle was besieged by the Swedes for 52 days and finally captured and burned on September 7, 1633.
By the Peace of Münster of 1648, the glory of the Holy Roman Empire and Further Austria was lost and it became part of France.
Between 1648 and 1865 the ruin had several owners until it finally came into the possession of the French state.
After the Franco-Prussian War, Alsace-Lorraine became part of the German Empire in 1871 and the town of Schlettstadt (Sélestat) donated the castle to the German Emperor, Wilhelm II, on May 4, 1899. The emperor saw the castle as a symbol of Alsace's Germanic past and wanted to make it a symbol of the resurrected German Empire. The intention was to establish a museum for the Middle Ages in the castle. The emperor had the castle reconstructed by the Berlin architect Bodo Ebhardt (1902-1908). With the peace of Versailles, the castle returned to the hands of the French state.
In 2021, the castle is considered one of the best-preserved fortresses and is the only French National Monument in Alsace. The impressive bastion, the keep and the Logis Seigneurial as well as the view into the Rhine valley and the view of nearby ruins of other castles (such as Ortenbourg, Ramstein) have made the castle a popular tourist attraction.
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