Gosh, I've just had a rare experience on TH-cam. Someone has talked to me for twelve minutes as if I'm no more or less than an intelligent adult and as if I can absorb information without the need for gimmicks or force feeding. Superb.
@@RevRMBWest Hasn't religion been conning us for Millennia. The scare tactics of, " if you do or don't do as we say, you'll go to hell! " It's like parents who tell their children, " if you don't go to sleep, the boogie man will get you! " Total, brainwashing, ballony!
People like Professor B Cox or Professor A Roberts are two of our British intellectual icons. I daresay other countries have their public pedagogues and I wish I could speak other languages so I could be more familiar with their work but I think Cox and Roberts fly the flag for British public scientific engagement.
Dawkins is also a great orator and writer, even if he uses satire. Whilst Cox and Roberts are more friendly in their countenance, Dawkin's style worked very well for me.
@Edward Evans If replication of DNA is imperfect (which it is), then evolution will occur. That's just a logical inference from the natural selection of advantageous mutations. If you want to claim the origin of life (the first self-replicating molecule) as having been created by God, then that's up to you, but be wary that the RNA world hypothesis is developing very nicely, along with other hypotheses. An interventionist god is continually demoted by new discoveries.
@Edward Evans What is a "divine creation"? As long as you don't confuse it with a God of some sort or anything to do with one of the 2,000 human created religions.
What she means is that humans have not been created. No one can explain what the origin of this singularity is. Nor can anyone prove scientifically and empirically that God exists. She is clearly not making fun of religion or the Devine, so stop using that statement as a way to make fun of people who believe in God. And if you do believe in God, then don't put your life on the line and make up an argument. So, again, to say that humans have evolved, not been created, is consistent beyond reasonable doubt. And should not be milked to get angry at each other.
Indeed Dr Roberts has been blessed with so many qualities,beauty as much as charisma,brilliance and the list could go on..Talents that she's shared with all of us throughout her career but she also happens to have hypnotic qualities aswell when one listens to her..Fascinating..
Professor Roberts, I am a fan who is fascinated and happily informed by your presentations of various topics; you are a ray of light, please continue digging deeper
I find both Prof Alice Roberts and Prof Brian Cox very easy to listen to.They both have a very accessible way of breaking everything down into chunks that are easy to digest,always coming across with a natural enthusiasm for their subjects.I will check out the book.Thanks for posting.
I love the fact that the laryngeal nerve in a giraffe goes 8 feet down its neck, loops around a blood vessel and then goes 8 feet back up again. Brilliant design! If I had a chance to redesign MY body, I would have not had the urinary tract go through the prostate. Just saying...
Seconded by me & probably many million old men! Perhaps part of the problem is modern homo sapiens extended life span. (Prostate only becomes a problem long after genes have been transmitted to next generations.)
Absolutely fantastic, love listening to Alice Roberts and watching her on tv, she makes things so interesting, maybe because she isnt stuffy and boring!
I would redesign toes so that they're more robust and less likely to be damaged. I did see the 'new' Alice Roberts' and it was an extraordinary sight, the marsupial birth was a great addition! Love anything done by this amazing woman.
I'm Spanish, and even though I studied Languages& Literature, I'm interested in Science, Biology, Anatomy...I love this Doctor, I love the way she speaks, I love her standard, polished English. I can understand her fully, both the way of speaking and the topic I've got the Spanish version of the visual guide of the human body, and it's fascinating. And soon I will be receiving her book, shown here on this video, about the evolution of us Great, great, great, dr. Alice Roberts I wish I had such an amazing lecturer ❤️❤️❤️🤍🤍🤍
I got into biology in a very shallow way. But I'm over it now and just like listening to you talking in layman's terms. I love learning about anything now, as long as it's spoken with passion, and you are one of the best. Good health to you and your family.
Came across this presentation by accident, never heard of prof. Roberts before. Very inspiring, the book is definitely on my wishlist! Fascinating field of enquiry. As a public figure, she reminds one of Victoria Coren Mitchell 🙂
The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) solves a complex software timing problem for the brain by implementing a simple hardware solution. Namely, ensuring in the most flawlessly parsimonious way, that the larynx is in speech position before the action for speech arrives( encoded in the RLN ). So please don't reroute it. However, please fix the inverted retinal problem in our eyes, boy do I envy molluscs that got this right.
@Steven White creationists argue that the creator (God) must be an all intelligent, all knowing being. when evolutionists say that so many of the aspects of our bodies are flawed or illogical we mean to use that as evidence that there was no intelligent thought put into it. rather, it simply happened that the body developed that way because that is what allowed someone to survive
Video about the evolution of human knees: th-cam.com/video/5RX7Q4uczZw/w-d-xo.html&ab_channel=Cheddar Video about the evolution of human feet: th-cam.com/video/kd-FZptfGUE/w-d-xo.html&ab_channel=Cheddar
I would add that the one constant is change. Since our environment changes over time we are most often in the process of adapting from one set of conditions to another, which means that we are a work in progress. The usual example is our spinal problems, which can be attributed to us being in transition from quadripedal to bipedal.
Hi Dr Alice, You are simply fascinating. The way you explain Science is mind blowing. I always thought that You are the Carl Sagan of the Human Origins ! Best Wishes to You. 🌿🍀🌷🌹🌹🙏
Yes wonderful point, I have often thought too many scientists have no idea of what other scientists do. It's time to get some synergy going and find a way to link these types of research. Then progress will really take off.
@@MrDaiseymay Good question. For example, a teacher cannot make a student do their homework - only the student can do that. If a student doesn't want to study in order to master the concepts being taught, then they won't study and they won't learn.
You can question what perfect is? When do you achieve that? Who or what decides that and in what environment? We keep on evolving, so its also not static…..
I think most of us, all miss the severe complications that have to occur in order to be able to do, simple, taken for granted tasks, like digestion. The process of breaking down food, extracting the nutrients, getting rid of the waste. food for thought is that the gut designed or created has to know what food substances it has to deal with in the first place and cannot take time to tweek the design, or we would starve. As we know that in order to survive we have to ingest a certain number of calories and process their nutrients. It has to work from the get go. Further as the brain controls most of the operations of the body, I refer to it as the control centre, it has to be at a certain stage of creation, from day one or the bodily functions would not operate. we are all aware how complex the brain is, that a simple stroke can paralise the whole body in an instant.
Yes, and absorption of nutrients had 3.2 Billion years of evolution to start before complex life even began. The Human gut didn't start out as 1% of a human gut, it has it's origins in the absorptive surfaces of simple multicellular organisms. The octopus' oeophagus runs through the middle of its brain, so evidently there are many ways to develop a digestive tract from a small multicellular, innervated, simple organism.
If evolution has taken us to this point in time and how we look, then surely it also shows that some people are taller, wider, non uniform in colour, hair, eyes, depending on ancestry. So evolution will continue to diverse our make up.
We're no longer evolving in geographically isolated pockets, though. International travel has made us one gene pool again, so the diversification that happened because of geographical isolation is unlikely to continue.
That's because we've dispersed & developed in diverse environments. We ought to converge now we've negated that dispersal & adapted our environments. However,the core of evolution requires diversity to work
I would like to ask Alice if we are still physically and emotionally evolving? For instance, she mentioned our weak lumber area and subsequent problems that have occurred because we started to walk upright while our spine had only developed for being on all fours most of the time. And are we developing into a more intelligent species or are we just standing on the shoulders of giants?
Steve Norman I was interested in the idea of are we still evolving as well. During one of the conversations with Richard Dawkins the evolutionary biologist, that I watched, somebody asked him that exact question. His answer was “who in our society are having the most children?” The audience nervously laughed knowing that was not the intellectuals that are having lots of children.
I'm sure we are still evolving in many random ways. The problem is, that evolution occurs over millions and billions of years. Don't hold your breath waiting to see some changes. The real question is whether human beings will still be present on the Earth long enough for further evolution to occur.
I've often wondered whether the widespread use of cesarean sections will have an evolutionary impact on female hip size and infant head size in Homo sapiens.
I think both of you might eventually be right. An intriguing proposition but evolution happens so slowly it may be overtaken by human intervention. Eg. We might find a better way to ease the process. Or we might just make ourselves extinct, which would also solve the problem.
Someone should make youtube and tik tok fitness influencers watch this. Then hopefully they'd shut the hell up and go and do something productive. Always got time to listen to Prof Roberts.
Not forgetting that for any society to be successful you need a wide range of body shapes and sizes, as well as mental capabilities and outlooks. You cannot have one type of mind and body otherwise perhaps there's a risk we would all want to do the same tasks/ jobs.
You know this how? Please demonstrate that a society with only one body shape and size (for adults) cannot be 'successful' according to a stated definition of success. Demonstrate a causal mechanism that ties success to diversity of body shape and size and mental capabilities and 'outlooks'. You're just speculating from a preconceived conclusion.
Prof Roberts: If you're exploring our fascination with and dependence on archetypes, it would be interesting to relate our use of them to the functioning of our brains, that is, the neural modelling of the world around us as a way of navigating and coping with the world. There's an obvious evolutionary angle insofar as this ability to model the world in complex ways is a key reason for our success as a species.
Hi Professor Alice Roberts.... just going on the intro title of this youtube vid....As an aethiest I think of our planet in a different way to the average god worshiper,all things bright and beautifull all creatures great and small etc etc....my take on things Prof Alice.....is TIME.....this alone will see our beautifull planet go full circle and become the natural paradise it was before our mechanisation ruined everything thereafter......man (you & me) is hard wired to forge ahead to make things easier and better for themselves. We don't have that much time on our beautiful planet but humans biggest evolvement is our knowledge base through learning from our predecessors.Our brain power knows we need to dump our bone structure and go semi android but that kills the human esq being which is US......just a thought....X
Paul,you wrote, "man (you & me) is hard wired to forge ahead to make things easier and better for themselves." I respectfully disagree. We seem to have little "hard wiring" -- something that alludes to the original digital electronic computers that had circuits designed to perform only one function -- instead, we seem to have remarkably fluid brains capable of adapting to a variety of circumstances, like injuries. What we do have that makes it easier to forge better futures are: a) knowledge about how the future happens; and b) brains that seek social connections. When we put these together, we get groups of people who share ideas about what a better future for them would be. These people can then pool their resources and work together to realize the futures they've envisioned. None of these require abandoning our natural bodies -- we need only abandon the notion that the future is beyond our control. You went on to say, "Our brain ... knows we need to dump our bone structure and go semi android . . .", which I find suspect, to say the least. If we choose to become cyborgs, what might it be like? And how about those who either can't afford to be cyborgs or choose not to? Given the chance, I wouldn't -- I remember encountering The Microsoft Blue Screen of Death too often to be confident that my semi-android body won't respond properly to my thoughts (like "I need to get the heck out of this burning building before it collapses on me!") at a critical moment. On the other hand, give me the opportunity to remodel my existing body so it's more efficient and less apt to break (I've had three surgeries to correct a hiatal hernia, for example), and I'd likely take it. Whether that remodeling is accomplished through conventional surgery, nanobots working from inside, or through genetic engineering matters little as long as there are few (preferably no) adverse side effects, short recovery time, low cost and easy access to all people, matters little to me -- especially if it's in for a penny and reducing a few pounds -- in the right places, of course!
Steven Hawking in his "Theory of Everything" talks about the "imperfection" of the universe and it is because of this "imperfection" that our universe is able to support life. Perhaps the reason human bodies are "imperfect" is because they have to adapt to changes taking place in an "imperfect" universe?
A PDF of the 1991 illustrated book, From the Beginning - The Story of Human Evolution can be downloaded here: www.davidpetersstudio.com/books.htm It is updated and expanded to include more fish, reptiles, etc. here: www.reptileevolution.com
I love your work on comparative anthropology! I would like to ask if there are any differences among the 2 editions of the book you held a topic on here? i know they are cheap but its been a bit of rough seas as a student of biology.
What a charming young Lady she is, I love her programs and try to watch all of them, they are so informative. For a subject to study in relation to evolution, it would be good to investigate if the body could use the food and water we consume more efficiently so we don`t need as much.... that would change the world in a big way :-)
There is. It's called fasting. Or simply cutting back. On the evolutionary scale, our bodies are still in the hunter gather mode. What this means is there are not 3 meals a day for them or us. `There were times long ago when food was scarce and people had to go long periods without food. There is an old Egyptian saying. " 1/3 of the food you eat is for your health. The other 2/3 is for your Doctor.
I find the ideal of perfection to be imperfect. A perfect cube with perfect sides and edges is boring, add some imperfections and it gets interesting. That ideal is true for all living creatures that use sight, sound, and smell for picking a mate. We focus on an imperfection that we see as attractive, a mole on one side of the face in the right spot and is the right size, the size and shape of the lips might be smaller or larger than perfect, one eye might not be the same size and shape of the other but subtly different, might smell a distinctive way, might have a voice that's not perfect but just sounds perfect to your ears... It is the imperfections as well as perfections that attract mates together.
JETWTF, if you ever attend a Japanese Tea ceremony, you'll note that the cup in which the ceremonial tea is served is not perfect. That's deliberate, as Japanese ceramic artists will introduce imperfections to otherwise perfect cups. Their reasoning is that nothing human can be perfect, and anything that appears perfect hides the imperfection within. Better that it be seen.
Big fan of yours Alice, read all your books and came to see you at Birmingham town hall a couple of years ago, on the Tamed tour. I was wondering what your views on gender differences are and what you think of the idea that gender is socially constructed.
There has been a tv series called ‘Your inner... ‘ (fish, reptile and monkey) where also the nerve was mentioned. I hope you do a program about the book ‘The incredible unlikeliness of being’ and can’t wait for the series you mentioned.
She's the biology counterpart of Brian Cox. Perfectly capable of communicating their boundless fascination and awe at the worlds around and inside us. I havent found their Chemistry counterpart yet 🤣
Wished I hadn’t lost it. Back in the 1970s, Scientific American put out a special edition, where the authors redesigned the human body, without the mistakes.
I’d like to know when people are born who are different, when does the tipping point occur when you have a percentage of the population “more evolved”. It’s quite easy to spot the evolutionary back pedal, when one sees for example webbed toes. But what are the leaps we are making forward? Will society adjust for those who are left behind.......until they become extinct in the general population and just crop up as the occasional back pedal.
I think that science (and science fiction) seek improvement and repair of defects in the human (and animal) bodies. Genetic engineering, bionics and cybernetics are some examples.
here is a picture of the model. I'm not sold on the 'improvements. Marsupial is a good idea though, but she could be a bit more pouchy.. imgur.com/gallery/hMUquVC
The men that suggest fixing childbirth is easily explained by men who've lost wives or family members during childbirth, or fathers who've been involved with miscarriages. People tend to forget about them.
It is more than the form. To my thinking the most perfect creation of nature (recognising that nature all over is amazing) is the human female. Life is all about the female, the male is purely an accessory. To justify this you have to register every aspect of a female’s life. To simplify this the female has to develop in a way that collects all of the information to reproduce, she has to survive the birthing process, and then the real magic begins in how she sustains the child while also building its personality, giving it language, giving it knowledge, then nurturing the child into a community. One of the most powerful tools is that the female delivers good information with a smile, and sells ideas with a laugh, and then there is the dreaded frown. Females (can) use every part of their visible body in communication and every movement conveys meaning. Many other animals might be as complex but we can’t perceive their meaning (birds for instance have very small brains so their neural pathways are shorter and their mental cycle rate will be incredibly fast relative to humans so their can be an immense amount of information encoded in a single chirp). The point is that our form is just a part of the amazing story of humans. From the inner workings of every cell in our bodies (total mind blow) to the delivered educated adult who can study the cosmos and quantify the inner workings of the atoms, the quarks, and even how energy becomes the very matter that is the universe itself. Wow.
I went to five recycling centres yesterday and they only recycle rubbish, not one of them recycle old men. 🥴 My wife and I life model for artist and have applied to become medical models at a medical school.
1:25 "Natural selection is interesting because it doesn't create perfection" 5:18 "Everybody has as perfect a human body as anybody else" OMG The theory of natural selection is based on the assumption that different bodies have different degrees of perfection! How self-contradictory can you be?
Natural selection doesn't produce bodies of different degrees of perfection. It creates bodies that may or may not have an advantage within it's particular environment.
Socasso Vegetus. I love the marsupial solution. I always wondered why God didn't include this in humans, a supposedly more highly developed species. The womb doesn't need to be so large or complex. There is no drastic dislocation and relocation of internal organs. No labour and birth pains because the embryo is the size of a jellybaby . 90%of infant development including suckling then takes place outside the body, inside the pouch which expands to a purse and then a handbag. When a baby 'roo is at near child development it can operate and feed outside on its own. but if danger threatens it can pop back in the pouch and the mother can make off to safety at speed. All very elegant and practical. Then I realised that God couldn't do any of those improvements because he doesn't exist.
It's a modern day, evolved, pirate accent. Back in the day, a lot of pirates hailed from the English West Country, namely places like Bristol, which is where Dr. Roberts is from. If you listen carefully, there's a rounded quality to her "r" sounds, which is an echo of that stereotypical pirate accent, with its ripe "yaaar" sounds, that we all know and love so much.
@@Plons0Nard considering there are about a hundred and sixty different English accents I'm going to say that might not be quite as specific as he wanted.
Difficulties of child birth are an after effect of superior intellect evolution. It's strange that human hips didn't evolve at a similar rate. Perhaps staying narrow to be able to run faster ? As far as human anatomy not being perfect, that may be so but it comes pretty darn close IMO. For example the modern ratio (average) of arm length to leg length is exactly where it needs to be in order to survive walking erect. Or our ability to see movement, color differences & depth of field are balanced perfectly for our physical make up. Walking upright w/a 9lb. baby inside puts an enormous strain on the lower spine imagine moving that weight out 7 inches to a pouch. Twins would require a wheel chair. Even minor changes to our species during primal development would lead to extinction. (w/the exception of the recurrent laryngeal nerves as you say.)
As any dinosaur will tell you... Perfection only lasts as long as everything stays the same...one asteroid on your plate and perfection vanishes in a mushroom cloud.
The larangial nerve... it connects the brain to the voice box by taking a detour around the heart and back up. This is what you get with evolution and also machine learning. Once a useful pathway is found it's very expensive to roll back and check if there was an even better solution. Plus a process like evolution can't 'roll back' cos is just a blind process.
Before listening to the video, I'm going to go out on a limb and say because evolution is always an issue of adapting which means it's building on what's already there. Perfecting the body would mean that there had to be an engineered designed plan - and evolution is a process that doesn't have a plan.
Isn't adapting to survive changes in the environment a pretty good plan? No, evolution doesn't have a predetermined goal. it would be a pretty dopey plan if it did, as 'changing environments' is what our planet is good at. Any predetermined goal, or fixed creation would soon become extinct (in the planetary timescale).
@@splitpitch A predetermined plan a little like the anti vaxxers in a world with a century of global pandemics ahead...? Mother nature....she's such a bitch...and there's no arguing with her either!
Natural Selection only selects for or against what already exists. It doesn't produce new forms. Origination does that, and that is a haphazard undirected process. A lot of evolutionists forget that. On the other hand, who is the one to judge what is "perfect"?
Q: Why doesn't evolution produce perfect bodies? A: Because perfection is an abstract concept, that lives only in the human intellect. Organisms such as ourselves are not concerned with abstractions; they're busy surviving, and perpetuating our clans and species. The fact that there are now over 7 billion of us suggests that nature is right to ignore our silly human ideas of perfection!
I have a question, if an asteroid killed all the dinosaurs how come mammals escaped that catastrophe why didn't even a single dinosaur species escaped to continue the existence of their species ? This might be a silly question perhaps.. but I really would like an answer
Hey Bruh, it's because Mammals were tiny AF and the mammals that were around and survived were rodent critters probably hiding in the ground gopher style, weasel style, etc
It is an interesting question. We already know that mammals were quite small and diverse enough to survive post-apocalyptic event. We do however, also know that majority of dinosaurs were very small also, so it would make sense for some of them to survive. I understand that birds are descendants of dinosaurs, but they existed at the same time as their ancestors.
Perfection is a subjective judgment. And you have relative perfection and absolute perfection. And you have 'fit for purpose' perfection. My car lasted for a more than reasonable 18 years, is that not perfection of a sort? Maybe the body is perfect, it is maybe more a state of mind that says one thing or the other? My state of mind is different from hers.
I don't think Perfection is really subjective at all although it could be depending on how you define perfection. I would define perfection as being Flawless for its function. An automobile is not perfect because it's operation overtime wears out the automobile. If it were Flawless - it should be immune to such a thing. The human body by comparison has numerous natural aspects that are not Well Suited to how humans live. Our backs for example are very fragile for the type of Leverage walking upright applies to them. The laryngeal nerve is quite inefficient since dips into our chest before going back to our brain. Of course I suppose one could say that all things are subjective depending upon the defined context. If we define perfection as Flawless for its necessary operation - nothing is perfect. If we define it as good enough and makes me happy - well nearly anything could be perfect.
The word we use for anything that is not perfect is imperfect. We wouldn't bring up the word perfect for something that falls well short of perfection. We might in the case of something that we consider almost perfect, though you then have to ask how you know it's almost perfect and if you do, why do you live with the almost perfect when you can identify what is needed to bring it to perfection.
@@jarodstrain8905 - the spine is flawless/perfect for the job it was designed for. It's when the user overloads /abuses the spec tolerances that problems will occur. The spine design that this Prof. Alice is asking for will be totally unstable & unusable because she is only thinking about improving 1 thing without realising the catastrophic consequences her change will make to the whole design specifications.
What will a perfect body look like? We all have different preferences for that I believe. We cannot even agree on what color socks to wear so the "perfect body project" will have to wait until a lot of minor disagreements are solved. I my humble opinion a perfect body has a ball shape.
@@davidmatthews3093 Yes, it certainly has relevance. If we humans were not created, but have evolved from a common ancestor, then modern humans are not equal but are a product of deterministic processes, and have no say whatsoever in who they are or what they will become. If we are not created, our rights are just a man made construct, brought about by the evolution of civilization, which promotes inequality based upon Darwin's idea of "Favoured Races". It's in the title of Darwin's book: "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life." Inequality is also promoted in "The Descent of Man". The Bible however promotes equality and determinism as a gift of God, and says "He has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth, and has determined their preappointed times and the boundaries of their dwellings..." Acts 17: 26-28.
Gosh, I've just had a rare experience on TH-cam. Someone has talked to me for twelve minutes as if I'm no more or less than an intelligent adult and as if I can absorb information without the need for gimmicks or force feeding. Superb.
Stephen Paul That’s why she has the job she has.
Everything this woman does is fascinating! Could listen to her for ages!
There is no such thing as Evolution: you have been conned.
@@RevRMBWest Hasn't religion been conning us for Millennia. The scare tactics of, " if you do or don't do as we say, you'll go to hell! " It's like parents who tell their children, " if you don't go to sleep, the boogie man will get you! " Total, brainwashing, ballony!
People like Professor B Cox or Professor A Roberts are two of our British intellectual icons. I daresay other countries have their public pedagogues and I wish I could speak other languages so I could be more familiar with their work but I think Cox and Roberts fly the flag for British public scientific engagement.
Dawkins is also a great orator and writer, even if he uses satire. Whilst Cox and Roberts are more friendly in their countenance, Dawkin's style worked very well for me.
Hannah Fry the mathematician can be added to this duo.
the best we have 💫💫💫treasure them 💫
Alice roberts is one of my favourite living people.
"We're not created, obviously". Perfect statement.
@Edward Evans God of the Gaps?
@Edward Evans If replication of DNA is imperfect (which it is), then evolution will occur. That's just a logical inference from the natural selection of advantageous mutations.
If you want to claim the origin of life (the first self-replicating molecule) as having been created by God, then that's up to you, but be wary that the RNA world hypothesis is developing very nicely, along with other hypotheses. An interventionist god is continually demoted by new discoveries.
@Edward Evans What is a "divine creation"? As long as you don't confuse it with a God of some sort or anything to do with one of the 2,000 human created religions.
What she means is that humans have not been created. No one can explain what the origin of this singularity is. Nor can anyone prove scientifically and empirically that God exists. She is clearly not making fun of religion or the Devine, so stop using that statement as a way to make fun of people who believe in God. And if you do believe in God, then don't put your life on the line and make up an argument. So, again, to say that humans have evolved, not been created, is consistent beyond reasonable doubt. And should not be milked to get angry at each other.
@@fakechloe207 WHAT ?
Just catching up on Digging for Britain Series 11/4. Wonderful presenting as always from Dr Alice Roberts.
Professor Alice Roberts!
Indeed Dr Roberts has been blessed with so many qualities,beauty as much as charisma,brilliance and the list could go on..Talents that she's shared with all of us throughout her career but she also happens to have hypnotic qualities aswell when one listens to her..Fascinating..
This is wonderful. I'm in the process of finding her videos on TH-cam and saving them to go back and watch again.
Is she not so lovely. And that voice. Will definitely be watching and listening to more. What a beautifull way to get an education.
The most interesting 12 minutes
I’ve passed for quite a long time. Thank you Alice😎
I love Dr. Roberts energy in education for us masses. Looking forward to learning more with all future projects.
You are a brilliant presenter and have a great way of explaining things that makes learning a real joy .
She ALWAYS holds my attension, while listening too.
Thank you Alice superb as usual.
Professor Roberts, I am a fan who is fascinated and happily informed by your presentations of various topics; you are a ray of light, please continue digging deeper
I find both Prof Alice Roberts and Prof Brian Cox very easy to listen to.They both have a very accessible way of breaking everything down into chunks that are easy to digest,always coming across with a natural enthusiasm for their subjects.I will check out the book.Thanks for posting.
I love the fact that the laryngeal nerve in a giraffe goes 8 feet down its neck, loops around a blood vessel and then goes 8 feet back up again. Brilliant design! If I had a chance to redesign MY body, I would have not had the urinary tract go through the prostate. Just saying...
@Steven White except nobody is attributing the design to any one being. In fact, the existence of poor design only further proves evolution
i'M CONVINCED THAT IN THE NOT TOO DISTANT FUTURE, SCIENCE WILL PROVIDE THAT OPTION, AND CORRECT NATURES MISTAKES.
Seconded by me & probably many million old men! Perhaps part of the problem is modern homo sapiens extended life span. (Prostate only becomes a problem long after genes have been transmitted to next generations.)
It’s a pity that the testes cannot be kept cool without being situated externally. The male weak spot.
Prof Roberts is drop dead gorgeous
Absolutely fantastic, love listening to Alice Roberts and watching her on tv, she makes things so interesting, maybe because she isnt stuffy and boring!
I would redesign toes so that they're more robust and less likely to be damaged. I did see the 'new' Alice Roberts' and it was an extraordinary sight, the marsupial birth was a great addition! Love anything done by this amazing woman.
Very likeable person, Professor Alice. Sure like her documentaries.
I'm Spanish, and even though I studied Languages& Literature, I'm interested in Science, Biology, Anatomy...I love this Doctor, I love the way she speaks, I love her standard, polished English. I can understand her fully, both the way of speaking and the topic
I've got the Spanish version of the visual guide of the human body, and it's fascinating. And soon I will be receiving her book, shown here on this video, about the evolution of us
Great, great, great, dr. Alice Roberts
I wish I had such an amazing lecturer ❤️❤️❤️🤍🤍🤍
Professor
ALICE WAS BORN IN BRISSEL ERE, BRISTOL.
I always lean something whenever I listen to Prof. Roberts. I suppose I shall now have to go and buy her book.
I got into biology in a very shallow way. But I'm over it now and just like listening to you talking in layman's terms. I love learning about anything now, as long as it's spoken with passion, and you are one of the best. Good health to you and your family.
Came across this presentation by accident, never heard of prof. Roberts before. Very inspiring, the book is definitely on my wishlist! Fascinating field of enquiry. As a public figure, she reminds one of Victoria Coren Mitchell 🙂
The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) solves a complex software timing problem for the brain by implementing a simple hardware solution. Namely, ensuring in the most flawlessly parsimonious way, that the larynx is in speech position before the action for speech arrives( encoded in the RLN ). So please don't reroute it. However, please fix the inverted retinal problem in our eyes, boy do I envy molluscs that got this right.
Why have 36 people disliked this video?
Could it be they are creationists and don't accept reality.
It is you who doesn't accept reality. This is simply fraud.
who else!! aka martin ploughboy
@@martinploughboy988. It cannot be fraud if it is supported by verifiable evidence from multiple sources. Where's yours?
@Steven White IF it exists, THEN it is an asinine designer. and why assume it to be a he?👀
@Steven White creationists argue that the creator (God) must be an all intelligent, all knowing being. when evolutionists say that so many of the aspects of our bodies are flawed or illogical we mean to use that as evidence that there was no intelligent thought put into it. rather, it simply happened that the body developed that way because that is what allowed someone to survive
A good explanation. I always wondered why knees were not more robust.
Video about the evolution of human knees: th-cam.com/video/5RX7Q4uczZw/w-d-xo.html&ab_channel=Cheddar
Video about the evolution of human feet: th-cam.com/video/kd-FZptfGUE/w-d-xo.html&ab_channel=Cheddar
I would add that the one constant is change. Since our environment changes over time we are most often in the process of adapting from one set of conditions to another, which means that we are a work in progress. The usual example is our spinal problems, which can be attributed to us being in transition from quadripedal to bipedal.
Hi Dr Alice, You are simply fascinating. The way you explain Science is mind blowing. I always thought that You are the Carl Sagan of the Human Origins !
Best Wishes to You.
🌿🍀🌷🌹🌹🙏
Yes wonderful point, I have often thought too many scientists have no idea of what other scientists do. It's time to get some synergy going and find a way to link these types of research. Then progress will really take off.
Great insights into such a complicated process 🤔
If i had teachers as interesting as Alice i might have liked school and learnt something!
is that the only reason?
@@MrDaiseymay Good question.
For example, a teacher cannot make a student do their homework - only the student can do that. If a student doesn't want to study in order to master the concepts being taught, then they won't study and they won't learn.
I always thought Alice was pretty perfect.
Hadn't ever thought of it quite that way before. It reminds me of Microsoft's operating systems, glitches and workarounds.
The acoustics in this room are lovely...
You can question what perfect is? When do you achieve that? Who or what decides that and in what environment? We keep on evolving, so its also not static…..
Science doesn't look for perfection in nature. Perfection in nature is really an abstract concept which religions and myths originated.
@@indricotherium4802 why in your opinion religion originated perfection in Nature?
Recently purchased your Kindle book, excellent analysis and descriptions. Multicellular life has come a long way in 500 million years, 🦠 to 🐋 🤗
Wonderful content
Thanks for sharing and hello from Texas
Thanks for watching!
Alice is so easy to listen to.
I think most of us, all miss the severe complications that have to occur in order to be able to do, simple, taken for granted tasks, like digestion. The process of breaking down food, extracting the nutrients, getting rid of the waste. food for thought is that the gut designed or created has to know what food substances it has to deal with in the first place and cannot take time to tweek the design, or we would starve. As we know that in order to survive we have to ingest a certain number of calories and process their nutrients. It has to work from the get go. Further as the brain controls most of the operations of the body, I refer to it as the control centre, it has to be at a certain stage of creation, from day one or the bodily functions would not operate. we are all aware how complex the brain is, that a simple stroke can paralise the whole body in an instant.
Yes, and absorption of nutrients had 3.2 Billion years of evolution to start before complex life even began. The Human gut didn't start out as 1% of a human gut, it has it's origins in the absorptive surfaces of simple multicellular organisms. The octopus' oeophagus runs through the middle of its brain, so evidently there are many ways to develop a digestive tract from a small multicellular, innervated, simple organism.
can someone link me to the tweet or thread on desired human body changes at 8:05?
If evolution has taken us to this point in time and how we look, then surely it also shows that some people are taller, wider, non uniform in colour, hair, eyes, depending on ancestry. So evolution will continue to diverse our make up.
We're no longer evolving in geographically isolated pockets, though. International travel has made us one gene pool again, so the diversification that happened because of geographical isolation is unlikely to continue.
That's because we've dispersed & developed in diverse environments. We ought to converge now we've negated that dispersal & adapted our environments. However,the core of evolution requires diversity to work
I would like to ask Alice if we are still physically and emotionally evolving? For instance, she mentioned our weak lumber area and subsequent problems that have occurred because we started to walk upright while our spine had only developed for being on all fours most of the time. And are we developing into a more intelligent species or are we just standing on the shoulders of giants?
Steve Norman
I was interested in the idea of are we still evolving as well. During one of the conversations with Richard Dawkins the evolutionary biologist, that I watched, somebody asked him that exact question. His answer was “who in our society are having the most children?”
The audience nervously laughed knowing that was not the intellectuals that are having lots of children.
I'm sure we are still evolving in many random ways. The problem is, that evolution occurs over millions and billions of years. Don't hold your breath waiting to see some changes. The real question is whether human beings will still be present on the Earth long enough for further evolution to occur.
I've often wondered whether the widespread use of cesarean sections will have an evolutionary impact on female hip size and infant head size in Homo sapiens.
Do you think that humans might, one day, be incapable of giving birth without surgical intervention?
I think both of you might eventually be right. An intriguing proposition but evolution happens so slowly it may be overtaken by human intervention. Eg. We might find a better way to ease the process. Or we might just make ourselves extinct, which would also solve the problem.
Someone should make youtube and tik tok fitness influencers watch this. Then hopefully they'd shut the hell up and go and do something productive. Always got time to listen to Prof Roberts.
Not forgetting that for any society to be successful you need a wide range of body shapes and sizes, as well as mental capabilities and outlooks. You cannot have one type of mind and body otherwise perhaps there's a risk we would all want to do the same tasks/ jobs.
You know this how? Please demonstrate that a society with only one body shape and size (for adults) cannot be 'successful' according to a stated definition of success. Demonstrate a causal mechanism that ties success to diversity of body shape and size and mental capabilities and 'outlooks'. You're just speculating from a preconceived conclusion.
Prof Roberts: If you're exploring our fascination with and dependence on archetypes, it would be interesting to relate our use of them to the functioning of our brains, that is, the neural modelling of the world around us as a way of navigating and coping with the world. There's an obvious evolutionary angle insofar as this ability to model the world in complex ways is a key reason for our success as a species.
WEll said.
Omg, this dress is mindwarping.
Hi Professor Alice Roberts....
just going on the intro title of this youtube vid....As an aethiest I think of our planet in a different way to the average god worshiper,all things bright and beautifull all creatures great and small etc etc....my take on things Prof Alice.....is TIME.....this alone will see our beautifull planet go full circle and become the natural paradise it was before our mechanisation ruined everything thereafter......man (you & me) is hard
wired to forge ahead to make things
easier and better for themselves.
We don't have that much time on our beautiful planet but humans biggest evolvement is our knowledge base through learning from our predecessors.Our brain power knows we need to dump our bone structure and go semi android but that kills the human esq being which is US......just a thought....X
Paul,you wrote, "man (you & me) is hard wired to forge ahead to make things easier and better for themselves." I respectfully disagree. We seem to have little "hard wiring" -- something that alludes to the original digital electronic computers that had circuits designed to perform only one function -- instead, we seem to have remarkably fluid brains capable of adapting to a variety of circumstances, like injuries.
What we do have that makes it easier to forge better futures are: a) knowledge about how the future happens; and b) brains that seek social connections. When we put these together, we get groups of people who share ideas about what a better future for them would be. These people can then pool their resources and work together to realize the futures they've envisioned. None of these require abandoning our natural bodies -- we need only abandon the notion that the future is beyond our control.
You went on to say, "Our brain ... knows we need to dump our bone structure and go semi android . . .", which I find suspect, to say the least. If we choose to become cyborgs, what might it be like? And how about those who either can't afford to be cyborgs or choose not to? Given the chance, I wouldn't -- I remember encountering The Microsoft Blue Screen of Death too often to be confident that my semi-android body won't respond properly to my thoughts (like "I need to get the heck out of this burning building before it collapses on me!") at a critical moment.
On the other hand, give me the opportunity to remodel my existing body so it's more efficient and less apt to break (I've had three surgeries to correct a hiatal hernia, for example), and I'd likely take it. Whether that remodeling is accomplished through conventional surgery, nanobots working from inside, or through genetic engineering matters little as long as there are few (preferably no) adverse side effects, short recovery time, low cost and easy access to all people, matters little to me -- especially if it's in for a penny and reducing a few pounds -- in the right places, of course!
How long till we evolve to sit comfortably in airline seats?
Until airlines evolve to put passenger comfort over profits, John.
"when pigs can fly"
Steven Hawking in his "Theory of Everything" talks about the "imperfection" of the universe and it is because of this "imperfection" that our universe is able to support life. Perhaps the reason human bodies are "imperfect" is because they have to adapt to changes taking place in an "imperfect" universe?
Ummm huh? I must have missed that.
A PDF of the 1991 illustrated book, From the Beginning - The Story of Human Evolution can be downloaded here: www.davidpetersstudio.com/books.htm It is updated and expanded to include more fish, reptiles, etc. here: www.reptileevolution.com
What a wonderful clip! It makes me so… sad…feeling such a longing to know Professor Roberts… yet knowing that I never will.
Aw,I love you Alice!
I love your work on comparative anthropology! I would like to ask if there are any differences among the 2 editions of the book you held a topic on here? i know they are cheap but its been a bit of rough seas as a student of biology.
What a charming young Lady she is, I love her programs and try to watch all of them, they are so informative. For a subject to study in relation to evolution, it would be good to investigate if the body could use the food and water we consume more efficiently so we don`t need as much.... that would change the world in a big way :-)
There is. It's called fasting. Or simply cutting back. On the evolutionary
scale, our bodies are still in the hunter gather mode. What this means is
there are not 3 meals a day for them or us. `There were times long ago when
food was scarce and people had to go long periods without food. There is an
old Egyptian saying. " 1/3 of the food you eat is for your health. The other 2/3 is for
your Doctor.
I find the ideal of perfection to be imperfect. A perfect cube with perfect sides and edges is boring, add some imperfections and it gets interesting. That ideal is true for all living creatures that use sight, sound, and smell for picking a mate. We focus on an imperfection that we see as attractive, a mole on one side of the face in the right spot and is the right size, the size and shape of the lips might be smaller or larger than perfect, one eye might not be the same size and shape of the other but subtly different, might smell a distinctive way, might have a voice that's not perfect but just sounds perfect to your ears... It is the imperfections as well as perfections that attract mates together.
JETWTF, if you ever attend a Japanese Tea ceremony, you'll note that the cup in which the ceremonial tea is served is not perfect. That's deliberate, as Japanese ceramic artists will introduce imperfections to otherwise perfect cups. Their reasoning is that nothing human can be perfect, and anything that appears perfect hides the imperfection within. Better that it be seen.
what a beautiful and smart lass Alice is :)
It would have been interesting/handy if she had shown the 're-modelled' human being.
Image available on Google: Dr Roberts, marsupial.
Big fan of yours Alice, read all your books and came to see you at Birmingham town hall a couple of years ago, on the Tamed tour.
I was wondering what your views on gender differences are and what you think of the idea that gender is socially constructed.
There has been a tv series called ‘Your inner... ‘ (fish, reptile and monkey) where also the nerve was mentioned. I hope you do a program about the book ‘The incredible unlikeliness of being’ and can’t wait for the series you mentioned.
We are still evolving. It's still very, very early days for our species.
She's the biology counterpart of Brian Cox. Perfectly capable of communicating their boundless fascination and awe at the worlds around and inside us. I havent found their Chemistry counterpart yet 🤣
Try Jim Al-khalili
The perfect body requires the perfect environment. If the environment changes...the body must change...survival depends on it...evolution demands it.
Whatever is not perfect of the body , the mind fixes that through entering a state of mind called being in love . For those everything is perfect .
Wished I hadn’t lost it. Back in the 1970s, Scientific American put out a special edition, where the authors redesigned the human body, without the mistakes.
The recurrent laryngeal nerve in the giraffe is a thing of wonder.
I’d like to know when people are born who are different, when does the tipping point occur when you have a percentage of the population “more evolved”. It’s quite easy to spot the evolutionary back pedal, when one sees for example webbed toes. But what are the leaps we are making forward? Will society adjust for those who are left behind.......until they become extinct in the general population and just crop up as the occasional back pedal.
Be interesting for her and a certain astronomy professor to make a programme about astro biology and alien evolution.
Feedback is part of Engineering Design, another name for learning Evolution, or natural Intuition.
The pouch would be somewhere to put your hands to keep them warm in winter
But i fear it would end up like a hanbag :D
im interested in what she thought of changes in her own body when going threw her two pregnancies.
I think that science (and science fiction) seek improvement and repair of defects in the human (and animal) bodies. Genetic engineering, bionics and cybernetics are some examples.
here is a picture of the model. I'm not sold on the 'improvements. Marsupial is a good idea though, but she could be a bit more pouchy.. imgur.com/gallery/hMUquVC
Come such a long way since time team
The men that suggest fixing childbirth is easily explained by men who've lost wives or family members during childbirth, or fathers who've been involved with miscarriages. People tend to forget about them.
Evolution has and it belongs to Dr Alice
It is more than the form. To my thinking the most perfect creation of nature (recognising that nature all over is amazing) is the human female. Life is all about the female, the male is purely an accessory. To justify this you have to register every aspect of a female’s life. To simplify this the female has to develop in a way that collects all of the information to reproduce, she has to survive the birthing process, and then the real magic begins in how she sustains the child while also building its personality, giving it language, giving it knowledge, then nurturing the child into a community. One of the most powerful tools is that the female delivers good information with a smile, and sells ideas with a laugh, and then there is the dreaded frown. Females (can) use every part of their visible body in communication and every movement conveys meaning. Many other animals might be as complex but we can’t perceive their meaning (birds for instance have very small brains so their neural pathways are shorter and their mental cycle rate will be incredibly fast relative to humans so their can be an immense amount of information encoded in a single chirp). The point is that our form is just a part of the amazing story of humans. From the inner workings of every cell in our bodies (total mind blow) to the delivered educated adult who can study the cosmos and quantify the inner workings of the atoms, the quarks, and even how energy becomes the very matter that is the universe itself. Wow.
I went to five recycling centres yesterday and they only recycle rubbish, not one of them recycle old men. 🥴
My wife and I life model for artist and have applied to become medical models at a medical school.
1:25 "Natural selection is interesting because it doesn't create perfection"
5:18 "Everybody has as perfect a human body as anybody else"
OMG The theory of natural selection is based on the assumption that different bodies have different degrees of perfection!
How self-contradictory can you be?
Natural selection doesn't produce bodies of different degrees of perfection. It creates bodies that may or may not have an advantage within it's particular environment.
@@chrisgraham2904 And that's different perfection.
Evolution is never ending
Having a pouch would also fix the need to carry a purse around, too.
Socasso Vegetus. I love the marsupial solution. I always wondered why God didn't include this in humans, a supposedly more highly developed species. The womb doesn't need to be so large or complex. There is no drastic dislocation and relocation of internal organs. No labour and birth pains because the embryo is the size of a jellybaby . 90%of infant development including suckling then takes place outside the body, inside the pouch which expands to a purse and then a handbag. When a baby 'roo is at near child development it can operate and feed outside on its own. but if danger threatens it can pop back in the pouch and the mother can make off to safety at speed. All very elegant and practical. Then I realised that God couldn't do any of those improvements because he doesn't exist.
I'd like to have extended sense ranges like other animals.
What an elegant accent!. Where is it from?
England ?? 😂🤣😂
It's a West Country accent. She's from Bristol. There's a Wikipedia page about her (Alice Roberts).
It's a modern day, evolved, pirate accent. Back in the day, a lot of pirates hailed from the English West Country, namely places like Bristol, which is where Dr. Roberts is from.
If you listen carefully, there's a rounded quality to her "r" sounds, which is an echo of that stereotypical pirate accent, with its ripe "yaaar" sounds, that we all know and love so much.
@@Plons0Nard considering there are about a hundred and sixty different English accents I'm going to say that might not be quite as specific as he wanted.
So she's a modern day evolved Dread Pirate Roberts?
🤣
Difficulties of child birth are an after effect of superior intellect evolution. It's strange that human hips didn't evolve at a similar rate. Perhaps staying narrow to be able to run faster ? As far as human anatomy not being perfect, that may be so but it comes pretty darn close IMO. For example the modern ratio (average) of arm length to leg length is exactly where it needs to be in order to survive walking erect. Or our ability to see movement, color differences & depth of field are balanced perfectly for our physical make up. Walking upright w/a 9lb. baby inside puts an enormous strain on the lower spine imagine moving that weight out 7 inches to a pouch. Twins would require a wheel chair. Even minor changes to our species during primal development would lead to extinction. (w/the exception of the recurrent laryngeal nerves as you say.)
As any dinosaur will tell you... Perfection only lasts as long as everything stays the same...one asteroid on your plate and perfection vanishes in a mushroom cloud.
Or pandemic virus, global climate change, nuclear war...
Yes! ....and every time that a creature, plant or organism on our planet goes extinct, the opportunity for evolution of that species ceases.
Obviously it did at least one time because Leonard Cohen touched it with his mind.
i knew about that fish nerve, giraffes have something similar
The larangial nerve... it connects the brain to the voice box by taking a detour around the heart and back up.
This is what you get with evolution and also machine learning. Once a useful pathway is found it's very expensive to roll back and check if there was an even better solution. Plus a process like evolution can't 'roll back' cos is just a blind process.
Brilliant woman.
Before listening to the video, I'm going to go out on a limb and say because evolution is always an issue of adapting which means it's building on what's already there.
Perfecting the body would mean that there had to be an engineered designed plan - and evolution is a process that doesn't have a plan.
Isn't adapting to survive changes in the environment a pretty good plan? No, evolution doesn't have a predetermined goal. it would be a pretty dopey plan if it did, as 'changing environments' is what our planet is good at. Any predetermined goal, or fixed creation would soon become extinct (in the planetary timescale).
@@splitpitch A predetermined plan a little like the anti vaxxers in a world with a century of global pandemics ahead...? Mother nature....she's such a bitch...and there's no arguing with her either!
@@splitpitch Now your just being logical.
Alice darling, could Pandemics, mass droughts, famines, ignorance , along with natural disaster's, etc play a part in it ?
Natural Selection only selects for or against what already exists. It doesn't produce new forms. Origination does that, and that is a haphazard undirected process. A lot of evolutionists forget that. On the other hand, who is the one to judge what is "perfect"?
Q: Why doesn't evolution produce perfect bodies? A: Because perfection is an abstract concept, that lives only in the human intellect. Organisms such as ourselves are not concerned with abstractions; they're busy surviving, and perpetuating our clans and species. The fact that there are now over 7 billion of us suggests that nature is right to ignore our silly human ideas of perfection!
I have no complaints.......;)
I have a question, if an asteroid killed all the dinosaurs how come mammals escaped that catastrophe why didn't even a single dinosaur species escaped to continue the existence of their species ? This might be a silly question perhaps.. but I really would like an answer
:-) Birds and reptiles
Hey Bruh, it's because Mammals were tiny AF and the mammals that were around and survived were rodent critters probably hiding in the ground gopher style, weasel style, etc
It is an interesting question. We already know that mammals were quite small and diverse enough to survive post-apocalyptic event.
We do however, also know that majority of dinosaurs were very small also, so it would make sense for some of them to survive.
I understand that birds are descendants of dinosaurs, but they existed at the same time as their ancestors.
Its really quite surprising how many creatures have been around even before "Dinosaurs" that lived through that 65mil year ago thing...
Warm blood?
Perfection is a subjective judgment. And you have relative perfection and absolute perfection. And you have 'fit for purpose' perfection. My car lasted for a more than reasonable 18 years, is that not perfection of a sort? Maybe the body is perfect, it is maybe more a state of mind that says one thing or the other? My state of mind is different from hers.
I don't think Perfection is really subjective at all although it could be depending on how you define perfection. I would define perfection as being Flawless for its function. An automobile is not perfect because it's operation overtime wears out the automobile. If it were Flawless - it should be immune to such a thing.
The human body by comparison has numerous natural aspects that are not Well Suited to how humans live. Our backs for example are very fragile for the type of Leverage walking upright applies to them.
The laryngeal nerve is quite inefficient since dips into our chest before going back to our brain.
Of course I suppose one could say that all things are subjective depending upon the defined context. If we define perfection as Flawless for its necessary operation - nothing is perfect. If we define it as good enough and makes me happy - well nearly anything could be perfect.
The word we use for anything that is not perfect is imperfect. We wouldn't bring up the word perfect for something that falls well short of perfection. We might in the case of something that we consider almost perfect, though you then have to ask how you know it's almost perfect and if you do, why do you live with the almost perfect when you can identify what is needed to bring it to perfection.
@@jarodstrain8905 - the spine is flawless/perfect for the job it was designed for. It's when the user overloads /abuses the spec tolerances that problems will occur.
The spine design that this Prof. Alice is asking for will be totally unstable & unusable because she is only thinking about improving 1 thing without realising the catastrophic consequences her change will make to the whole design specifications.
What will a perfect body look like? We all have different preferences for that I believe. We cannot even agree on what color socks to wear so the "perfect body project" will have to wait until a lot of minor disagreements are solved. I my humble opinion a perfect body has a ball shape.
The flaws and suboptimal design features in the human body are also explored in a great book by Prof. Nathan Lents called "Human Errors".
Stephen Bedford
I saw a short talk by him on here, probably during the book launch. Have you read it? What did you think of it?
"We're not created, obviously"? So logically, you deny then that all are created equal, with rights, to liberty, life and happiness.
Is created of any relevance in your statement. We are all equal with rights...
@@davidmatthews3093 Yes, it certainly has relevance. If we humans were not created, but have evolved from a common ancestor, then modern humans are not equal but are a product of deterministic processes, and have no say whatsoever in who they are or what they will become. If we are not created, our rights are just a man made construct, brought about by the evolution of civilization, which promotes inequality based upon Darwin's idea of "Favoured Races". It's in the title of Darwin's book: "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life."
Inequality is also promoted in "The Descent of Man".
The Bible however promotes equality and determinism as a gift of God, and says "He has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth, and has determined their preappointed times and the boundaries of their dwellings..." Acts 17: 26-28.
Where does she get the time and money to become a professor of half a dozen related subjects and a doctor of medicine as well?