What Causes the El Niño Southern Oscillation?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 ส.ค. 2020
- There's a lot of explanations of what El Niño is and the consequences of it's occurrence. But few if any resources adequately tackle how it occurs in the first place. What would compel the ocean to act against this positive feedback loop? What causes this positive feedback loop in the first place?
To answer these questions we must look at how fluids behave on a rotating sphere and how that influences the thermocline.
Sources:
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation Phenomenon - Sarachik, E. & Cane, M.
El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO): A Review: doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-74...
Mechanism of Kelvin and Rossby waves during ENSO events: doi.org/10.1007/s00703-002-05...
Charging El Niño with off‑equatorial westerly wind events: doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-28...
Higher frequency of Central Pacific El Niño events in recent decades relative to past centuries:
doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-03...
That was an outstanding explanation.
Sehr verständlich! Die Visualisierungen sind wirklich toll gemacht!
Good. Notice at 5:23 the appearance of Tropical Instability Waves which always have a wavelength that is 1/15 of that of the main El Nino dipole. This is one of the keys for understanding the dynamics
see you back days when this channel gets millions of subscribers
Thanks man
Congratulations
Not only your channel is wonderful. You are also the first English speaking TH-camr to accurately pronounce the ñ in Niño
Impressive quality, may it get blessed by the algorithm
Another interesting impact of el niño is on ocean ecosystems. Normally the cool upwelling carries nutrients from the ocean floor to the coast, feeding the local ecosystems. But when these currents get disrupted you not only get a massive change in weather but a crash in food chains as well.
thank you for this description and graphics; really helpful
man the animations are next level
Cool and clear explanation!
Thanks! 👍
FINALLY I FOUND A GOOD EXPLANATION
Fantastic video. Congrats!
Super cool explanation with digital animation.
Wonderful!
Amazing!
great work man
Great video! Now I feel like I have a good handle on what’s going on.
This was a great video
Thanks information 🙏 👍
Woow.. super and tqq sir
What causes the trade winds to weaken and even reverse? Some say changes in UV flux with the solar cycle, which affects making and breaking of stratospheric ozone, hence air pressure.
Awesome!
Why am I only finding your channel now?!?!
How do you make these nice animations ?
Great presentation, Thankyou.
Can you explain: What is the biological impact of ENSO?
I read it somewhere that the upwelling in East Pcific, combined with the drainage of rivers from the Andes caused Algal blooms leading to deaths of Marine Mammals.
Now in case of La-Nina events, there is more upwelling, which could lead to Whales RIP.
In case of El-Nino events too, there will be rain in South America causing Rivers flowing with lots of Iron and causing Whales RIP.
So what is worse for the Mammals of the Pacific, El-Nino or La-Nina?
mature and natural weather at it finest, our climate is what it is , for ever changing on it natural cycle , we just simply need to adapt to it and live with in its glory
We are fucking up the timescale at which these shifts occur.
I thought Low pressures were correlated with cold weather, why the inversion here?
I thought that warm things have higher pressure because they are expanded in the same volume
you are correct, yet assume the volume remains constant
If you have the gas in a sealed container, and you heat it up, the pressure will go up. But if you take two containers, and you fill one up with hot gas and fill the other one up with cold gas. The hot gas container will have lower pressure in it.
I hope that helps to make sense.
@@LuminaryGames That is not true.
I thought high temperature caused high pressure and low temperature cause low pressure but you have the opposite?
Ñ?
Ñ
ola ninooo :)
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The first model is wrong. Computing power matters only when based on the needed data.
YOU R WRONG .. ACC TO FLUID MECHANICS .. HOT AIR HAS LESS PRESSURE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE BUT YOU SAID LOW TEMP ... CORRECT IT
Nah it’s good
I wonder how global warming will enhance this over the next 20 years 🥵
Quite a lot wrong. Firstly the thermocline is NOT a line, it is a temperature gradient ( that's what cline means ). It goes all the way down. Second the ocean is not flat, there is a lens of warm water in the west since warm water is less dense: the surface can be 40cm higher. Also Coriolis effect is why currents meet at the equator and travel west. You also need to mention Coriolis makes winds blowing towards equator due to Hadley circulation turn west, they prevent surface water spreading N and S and drive it west. It all starts with warm damp air rising right across the equator. Spend more time on research and less on the graphics before playing school teacher.
Tuber Root take it up with the Authors of the book and papers I’ve cited in the description.
@@ButWhySci thanks for the reply. Maybe you need to read more that four papers, it's a massively complex question which is poorly understood even by so-called specialists. You could even look at WP:thermocline and see that it is a gradient ten times deeper than the warm surface layer, not a thin line. You also need to understand how solar energy enters the ocean during La Nina and is transferred to the atmosphere and eventually back out to space during El Nino. You video basically shows you know very little of the subject you are trying to give a talk about. I've pointed out a few things you can look into and anyone who watched your vid may want to check out. ENSO is all about throughput of energy in and out of the climate system. It's fascinating but poorly understood.
@@tuberroot1112 says "it's a massively complex question " Yes, but once the tidal cycles are considered it starts to make sense. The subsurface waves are likely inertial responses due to the lunar (and solar) tidal forces that also change the earth's rotation rate slightly. The complication is that unlike the largely linear response of the earth to lunar gravitational cycles , fluid shows a nonlinear response solvable from Laplace's Tidal Equations along the equator. You may be saying that tidal analysis is pretty easy, and so why should it be difficult here? It's because the thermocline interface exists in a much lower effective gravity environment, and like the video shows, these subsurface waves can reach 100's of meters in height and are susceptible to wave breaking -- which is a massively nonlinear effect. You can google my name along with ENSO to see my papers and AGU & EGU presentations on the topic. These animation videos are good because they provide a means of developing intuition on what's happening.
@@PaulPukite Thanks, I'll check out your work on this. I calculated about 10y ago that density difference between the mixed layer and the the cooler thermocline was about a thousand times [less than] that of the air-ocean surface. If the primary resonant response of the surface is to the 12h lunar cycle, this deep interface would respond most strongly to frequencies around 1.5 - 2y in period. That crude figure is close the typical value of around 28mo for the quasi periodic cycles. ie these oscillations in the depth of the mixed layer could be gravity waves just like surface ocean tides. The orthodox (non) explanation that ENSO cycles create themselves seems very unsatisfactory. There is likely a trigger mechanism and I believe this is principally modulation of longer lunar cycles.
@@tuberroot1112 says "was about a thousand times that of the air-ocean surface." I hope you mean 1/1000th of the surface, or at least a thousand times less. This is the same mechanism in which a stratified oil/water wave machine works (search TH-cam for Hughes or Smithsonian wave machines). Also see the work of Lin & Qian at The Ohio State University and their paper "Switch Between El Nino and La Nina is Caused by Subsurface Ocean Waves Likely Driven by Lunar Tidal Forcing" published in 2019. Very little response to this paper so far by anyone in the climate science field -- either negative or positive.
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