Cancer cells do aerobic glycolysis because they need the intermediates for cell proliferation. It would simply be less useful for them to do lots of ATP while theres no more FAD+, NADP+ or Pyruvate left for proliferation. Also Lactate seems to be a kind of signal molecule for cancer cells and also has opportunities to kill healthy cells (of the human body) and immune cells by acidification.
Despite the small amount of energy, cancer cells are also benefiting from the lactate produced. Lactate is a 3 carbon product that can be converted into lipids, nucleotides, and amino acids which serve as a foundation for new cancer cells.
And another benefit for the cancer cell is that the environment becomes acid. That weaknesses T-Cells and Killer Cells which fight against the cancer cell.
Through this Warburg effect, the cancer cells makeup the carbon skeleton for the future proliferated cells..... thus it helps in biosynthesis of nucleic acids phospholipids and amino acids....
Lactate does not produce any changes in pH, it exist already in its deprotonated form. In fact in the synthesis of lactate you remove protons! Other reactions linked to glycolisis are the responsible for the increased acidosis. Just keep in mind that just the hydrolisis of ATP acidifies a cell
Most 3min and 12sec videos handle their topic in such a superficial manner that the motivation for producing the video is suspect. Not in this case, however! The depth and clarity and organization of the material achieved in such a short presentation is remarkable! Additionally, this viewer found the animated illustrations very helpful. THANK YOU!
When cells bypass the TCA cycle, they avoid producing free radicals, which are toxic to the cells. The Warburg effect, characterized by a reliance on glycolysis for energy production even in the presence of oxygen, supports cellular survival and contributes to the "immortality" of cancer cells by reducing oxidative stress and creating an environment conducive to uncontrolled growth.
I'm reading how lactate dehydrogenase is hyperactive in a lot of cancer cells which can recycle a lot of the NADH into NAD+. This can then go back into glycolysis and maybe that's why cancerous cells prefer going through that route rather than ox phos. Don't necessarily know why ox phos is completely blocked off though.
Thanks But we know the reason why they do that: • Aerobic glycolysis allows neoplastic cells to have macromolecules available essential to be able to bio-synthesize the various cellular components, this obviously favors the tumor growth; • This catabolic pathway allows, thanks to the continuous production of lactate, to lower both cellular pH than extracellular. The acidification of these areas, favors the proliferation and prevents the implementation of the body's immune defense mechanisms.
Why is it called aerobic glycolysis? The end product of anaerobic glycolysis is lactate and in cancer cells pyruvate is converted to lactate. In aerobic glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation takes place and in anaerobic, it doesn't (same as cancer cells). Moreover, a significant feature of anaerobic glycolysis is higher consumption of glucose, which is again the case in cancer cells. Can anyone please explain.
It is mitochondrial dysfunction, the main cause ....D seyfried explained this, cancer cells use gloucose and amino acid glutamine as a aprimery source for energy and proliferation by fermentation, because of mitochondrial dysfunction,....in fact it can't use fat and ketones because they are un fermentable and need normal good mitochondria,....it opens a gate for cancer management....
I think maybe those cells are more interested in the intermediates of the glycolysis than actually in ATP, so they can use these intermediates for whatever cells need to divide ?
Despite the small amount of energy, cancer cells are also benefiting from the lactate produced. Lactate is a 3 carbon product that can be converted into lipids, nucleotides, and amino acids which serve as a foundation for new cancer cells.
If it does not use the ox phos pathway, why is it called aerobic glycolysis? It is actually producing 2ATPs as in anaerobic glycolysis right? Can someone please clear this for me
Despite the small amount of energy, cancer cells are also benefiting from the lactate produced. Lactate is a 3 carbon product that can be converted into lipids, nucleotides, and amino acids which serve as a foundation for new cancer cells.
I wonder why the older rural Chinese did not get cancer on a diet that was about 90% plain white rice. I dont think it has anything to do with the nutritious content of rice and is probably that rice lacks animal protein, fat and sodium.
As anaerobic glycolysis is 100 times faster than oxidative phosphorylation the cancer cell can create more ATP in less time, despite being less efficient. Would this explain the reason the cell does not use oxidative phosphorylation? I'm wondering if during the initiation of a cancerous cell, one of the attacking T cells is unsuccessful and it's preference for anaerobic glycolysis is picked up by the cancerous cell, or the cancer starts from a malformed T cell, as both share the preference of the anaerobic glycolysis route for ATP production.
Maxx B i think the cell simply wants to have that carbon skeleton (pyruvate) in order to form other things that the cancer cell needs (synthesis of nucleic acids, pentose phosphate pathway, synthesize other proteins).
It will do it because it multiplies to hibernate. After it has multiplied it just waits. It doesnt matter how fast it consumes it or how energy efficient it is. Only thing that matters to it is that it can cover the area it is living. That is why the tumors grow. It is like wild yeast used in sour dough bread. It multiplies to survive and then it waits for the next "meal" which is glucose. They hibernate and multiply to put it in simple. Put a drop of sour dough starter into 5ml or water and 30g of flour. In 6 hours it have consumed all of the energy and then it starts hibernating at that point the whole mixture has become the same organism. It creates a protective "hooch" which is ethanol so it can survive even years under it and if you feed it it will grow again. Even one wild yeast bacteria can produce new starter in case of cancer, a new tumor. The ethanol protects the cancer cells from T cells. Ethanol kills them. That is why the T cells cant fight the cancer if it grows too much because the high amount of ethanol is protecting it and giving it space to grow. And no, you wont get drunk from cellular ethanol, it is not enough for us but it is enough for the cells to fail destroying the mutation. Inflammation caused by cancer starts when the amount of ethanol is high enough. Since ethanol has a low flash point. In normal use ethanol would just go thru your body but tumors arent part of your body, they are mutations that live their own life.
@@Li-yn5rz yes and the carbon skeletal is needed to keep the shield on place. If you drink alcohol it goes into your blood but in case of cancer the organism keeps it in place. Radiation treatment on the area destroys the shield and lets T cells to attack the tumor. But you need many treatment times to kill it off and even after that one cell is enough to create a new tumor. You can think it as an energy shield you see in scifi movies, enough damage to it and it will drain all the energy and collapse. After a charge of energy it will recharge. You can see it easily. One radiation treatment shrinks the tumor but if you wont continue it will grow a again. It is an organism that consumes things fast because it has no worries of a future because it lives under a bulletproof shield. Same with any living being. If you have plenty of food in the fridge you will consume it faster because you know you have more and you dont have to worry about starvation. Chemotherapy attacks the inner system leaving the ethanol in place, only problem with it is that it is harmful for every other cell as well.
Cancer cells do aerobic glycolysis because they need the intermediates for cell proliferation. It would simply be less useful for them to do lots of ATP while theres no more FAD+, NADP+ or Pyruvate left for proliferation. Also Lactate seems to be a kind of signal molecule for cancer cells and also has opportunities to kill healthy cells (of the human body) and immune cells by acidification.
Despite the small amount of energy, cancer cells are also benefiting from the lactate produced. Lactate is a 3 carbon product that can be converted into lipids, nucleotides, and amino acids which serve as a foundation for new cancer cells.
And another benefit for the cancer cell is that the environment becomes acid. That weaknesses T-Cells and Killer Cells which fight against the cancer cell.
Through this Warburg effect, the cancer cells makeup the carbon skeleton for the future proliferated cells..... thus it helps in biosynthesis of nucleic acids phospholipids and amino acids....
Lactate promotes Treg activity as well (t immunosupresive cells) @@Q96500
Lactate does not produce any changes in pH, it exist already in its deprotonated form. In fact in the synthesis of lactate you remove protons! Other reactions linked to glycolisis are the responsible for the increased acidosis. Just keep in mind that just the hydrolisis of ATP acidifies a cell
Most 3min and 12sec videos handle their topic in such a superficial manner that the motivation for producing the video is suspect. Not in this case, however! The depth and clarity and organization of the material achieved in such a short presentation is remarkable! Additionally, this viewer found the animated illustrations very helpful.
THANK YOU!
Simplest explanation I have heard in this topic. Thanks
Great video champo🙏🏽
Med students everywhere appreciate it😎🤩
Herr Henrik, you are my new favorite.
Very well explained. Thank you.
Came back a few years later to say great vid and some of these comments are helpful.
Thanks a lot, Noah!
When cells bypass the TCA cycle, they avoid producing free radicals, which are toxic to the cells. The Warburg effect, characterized by a reliance on glycolysis for energy production even in the presence of oxygen, supports cellular survival and contributes to the "immortality" of cancer cells by reducing oxidative stress and creating an environment conducive to uncontrolled growth.
thanks for presentation. it's very useful
Wonderfully explained👌🏼
This was very helpful. Thank you !
Lovely summary mate ! 👍 Short and clear
thanks man, loved your way of explanation
this video is really amazing
thank you for such a good explanation
Brilliant! Thank you for sharing
It’s a helpful video, thank you so much
this was helpful, thank you!
I'm reading how lactate dehydrogenase is hyperactive in a lot of cancer cells which can recycle a lot of the NADH into NAD+. This can then go back into glycolysis and maybe that's why cancerous cells prefer going through that route rather than ox phos. Don't necessarily know why ox phos is completely blocked off though.
Thank u this was very helpful 🙏❤️
Informative
Thanks But we know the reason why they do that:
• Aerobic glycolysis allows neoplastic cells to have macromolecules available essential to be able to bio-synthesize the various cellular components, this obviously favors the tumor growth;
• This catabolic pathway allows, thanks to the continuous production of lactate, to lower both cellular pH than extracellular. The acidification of these areas, favors the proliferation and prevents the implementation of the body's immune defense mechanisms.
Thank u sm 🙏🤍
Straight to the point.
Fenerbahceeee
great video
Thank you!
Why is it called aerobic glycolysis?
The end product of anaerobic glycolysis is lactate and in cancer cells pyruvate is converted to lactate.
In aerobic glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation takes place and in anaerobic, it doesn't (same as cancer cells). Moreover, a significant feature of anaerobic glycolysis is higher consumption of glucose, which is again the case in cancer cells.
Can anyone please explain.
the same question, even in Robbins Pathology they mention that [It switch to aerobic glycolsis] , i'm confused
It is mitochondrial dysfunction, the main cause ....D seyfried explained this, cancer cells use gloucose and amino acid glutamine as a aprimery source for energy and proliferation by fermentation, because of mitochondrial dysfunction,....in fact it can't use fat and ketones because they are un fermentable and need normal good mitochondria,....it opens a gate for cancer management....
Maybe because cancer cells do this in presence of oxygen so it is still called aerobic
But actually my doctor in college called it anaerobic glycolysis so It varies from one person to another depending on the way of thinking.
Maybe because it still do this in the presence of oxygen so it called aerobic
Thank you. This video was very helpful ( :
I think maybe those cells are more interested in the intermediates of the glycolysis than actually in ATP, so they can use these intermediates for whatever cells need to divide ?
That is current hypothesis
Despite the small amount of energy, cancer cells are also benefiting from the lactate produced. Lactate is a 3 carbon product that can be converted into lipids, nucleotides, and amino acids which serve as a foundation for new cancer cells.
I'm just commenting on the humanity shown in the comments. It was nice reading for a change. 😊
If it does not use the ox phos pathway, why is it called aerobic glycolysis? It is actually producing 2ATPs as in anaerobic glycolysis right? Can someone please clear this for me
Maybe because it still do this in the presence of oxygen so it called aerobic
And also my doctor in college called it anaerobic so it depends on each person’s thinking i guess
Nature does things for a reason. So where in the body do we use the Warburg effect and why?😊
@@jornbuster6094 but why would we have this process in the body? How far back in the development of life does this effect appear?
Thank you! :)
Despite the small amount of energy, cancer cells are also benefiting from the lactate produced. Lactate is a 3 carbon product that can be converted into lipids, nucleotides, and amino acids which serve as a foundation for new cancer cells.
I wonder why the older rural Chinese did not get cancer on a diet that was about 90% plain white rice. I dont think it has anything to do with the nutritious content of rice and is probably that rice lacks animal protein, fat and sodium.
Dr. Thomas Seyfried press-pulse metabolic therapy. it is time!
As anaerobic glycolysis is 100 times faster than oxidative phosphorylation the cancer cell can create more ATP in less time, despite being less efficient. Would this explain the reason the cell does not use oxidative phosphorylation? I'm wondering if during the initiation of a cancerous cell, one of the attacking T cells is unsuccessful and it's preference for anaerobic glycolysis is picked up by the cancerous cell, or the cancer starts from a malformed T cell, as both share the preference of the anaerobic glycolysis route for ATP production.
Maxx B i think the cell simply wants to have that carbon skeleton (pyruvate) in order to form other things that the cancer cell needs (synthesis of nucleic acids, pentose phosphate pathway, synthesize other proteins).
It will do it because it multiplies to hibernate. After it has multiplied it just waits. It doesnt matter how fast it consumes it or how energy efficient it is. Only thing that matters to it is that it can cover the area it is living. That is why the tumors grow. It is like wild yeast used in sour dough bread. It multiplies to survive and then it waits for the next "meal" which is glucose. They hibernate and multiply to put it in simple. Put a drop of sour dough starter into 5ml or water and 30g of flour. In 6 hours it have consumed all of the energy and then it starts hibernating at that point the whole mixture has become the same organism. It creates a protective "hooch" which is ethanol so it can survive even years under it and if you feed it it will grow again. Even one wild yeast bacteria can produce new starter in case of cancer, a new tumor. The ethanol protects the cancer cells from T cells. Ethanol kills them. That is why the T cells cant fight the cancer if it grows too much because the high amount of ethanol is protecting it and giving it space to grow. And no, you wont get drunk from cellular ethanol, it is not enough for us but it is enough for the cells to fail destroying the mutation. Inflammation caused by cancer starts when the amount of ethanol is high enough. Since ethanol has a low flash point. In normal use ethanol would just go thru your body but tumors arent part of your body, they are mutations that live their own life.
L1ven kind of goes with what I said the carbon skeletal is needed to make proteins to multiply
@@Li-yn5rz yes and the carbon skeletal is needed to keep the shield on place. If you drink alcohol it goes into your blood but in case of cancer the organism keeps it in place. Radiation treatment on the area destroys the shield and lets T cells to attack the tumor. But you need many treatment times to kill it off and even after that one cell is enough to create a new tumor. You can think it as an energy shield you see in scifi movies, enough damage to it and it will drain all the energy and collapse. After a charge of energy it will recharge. You can see it easily. One radiation treatment shrinks the tumor but if you wont continue it will grow a again. It is an organism that consumes things fast because it has no worries of a future because it lives under a bulletproof shield. Same with any living being. If you have plenty of food in the fridge you will consume it faster because you know you have more and you dont have to worry about starvation.
Chemotherapy attacks the inner system leaving the ethanol in place, only problem with it is that it is harmful for every other cell as well.
@L1ven I have a question, from where ethanol came? Another question, which substance cancer cell grow from? Glucose or lactate?
Chronic Insulin excess promotes Cancer
Interesting…
Got data?
both produce 2 ATP ??
his voice is attractive
WTF ?
Thank you 😊
Thank you so much.