Was the Oldest and Most Significant Dead Sea Scroll Mistakenly Declared a Forgery in 1883?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 18 มิ.ย. 2022
- In 1883 sixteen leather strips found by Bedouin in caves on the east side of the Dead Sea came into possession of book and manuscript antiquities dealer Moses Shapira of Jerusalem. These ancient texts were written in Paleo-Hebrew and after painstaking reading and transcription of the faded letters by Shapira, were evaluated by Germany, British, and French scholars and eventually declared to be a forgery. After all, how could leather with writing be preserved for over 2000 years in a Dead Sea cave? The irony of that objection, now that we have the Qumran library of texts we call collectively "The Dead Sea Scrolls," is evident today. The texts were largely forgotten and eventually lost--though I am convinced they can likely be found again and examined. Fortunately we have transcripts and two new books, both published in 2021,, The Moses Scroll by Ross Nichols and The Valediction of Moses by Idan Dershowitz, reexamine this "Cold Case" mystery. Both independently conclude that the texts are likely authentic. The New York Times highlighted the story afresh in March 2021, see: "Is A Long-Dismissed Forgery Actually the Oldest Known Biblical Manuscript?" www.nytimes.com/2021/03/10/ar...
In Winter 2021 I published an article with Dershowitz in Biblical Archaeology Review: Dershowitz, Idan, and James D. Tabor. “The Shapira Scrolls: The Case for Authenticity,” Biblical Archaeology Review 47, no. 4 (2021): 47-53.
It is now available on my Academia.edu page: www.academia.edu/81814044/The...
More at: themosesscroll.com which is Ross Nichols's site.
Also both Ross Nichols and Idan Dershowitz have academia.edu pages that contain many other materials that can be downloaded free of charge. As you will see, there is a lot out there.
This lecture is part of the annual "Bible and Archaeology Fest" hosted by the Biblical Archaeology Society for the past 24 years! I highly recommend their magazine, programs, seminars, and especially membership in the BAS Library--that contains thousands of previous articles, books, videos, and other materials for a very low subscription price. See www.biblicalarchaeology.org
you are the only person that I immediately watch their new videos because everything you put out is awesome!! Thank You!
Another ace video! Hope we get continued updates as your research into this evolves
I really enjoy your videos! I learn so much from them. Thank you I recently found them and am addicted.
This is the most fascinating lecture I've heard in years. It's so accessible, succinct but detailed. Instant subscribe from me. Keep up the fantastic work
That was marvellous! Thank you
I hope the techniques used on the roman Vindalanda letters from hadrians wall can and are being used on the dead Sea scrolls and other ancient biblical era documents, as they could be a fantastic help in recovering missing words and texts on ancient documents, without having to physically handle them, as was the case until the last 15 to 20 years
I am so glad I found you,! I am Ysabel Opisso niece of Br. Antony Opisso. Honoured to be in this group.
"Mistakenly"? Any damage and/or disappearance of any scroll or fragment was deliberate you ask me.
It is exciting you may fine them. Thanks for the information.
Can’t wait to watch this!!!
Thanks so much for sharing this with everyone!!! May God bless you James! We're heading towards literal fulfillment of Jeremiah 16 - that we've all inherited lies from our fathers, and need to return to the old paths. God did not alter His word because the Serpent altered what He said - His word stands for Eternity - and we need to repent to be those He considers "My people."
Ever notice that the Law was given for everyone, as the 'multitude of nations' were present at Sinai to ratify it, and again when the Covenant was renewed upon entry into the Land. It's about the Ten Decrees and the Blessings and the Curses to be a complete unit that must be used by those who love Elohim as their God and the Father of mankind.
Dam you sound sooo evil!
The 10 commandments were ratified ? As in God wrote a bill for the Hebrews to vote on and ratify ?
Or do mean like the Elohim group of gods discussed and ratified what rules to hand down to the Hebrews ?
But what is this about Jeremiah 16 being fulfilled ? Would that be along the lines of those who follow tRump as the way ... ending up in Ukraine as it's new citizenry after Putin offers tRump a puppet dictatorship when his political power in the US is finally depleted ?
Or Jesus words, and his hand picked apostolic sposkesmans words, now supercede the words of Moses. Words both from God, but the words from Jesus carrying greater authority for us and being God's most recent word.
We can all remember that God's command to Abraham was to leave his country, walk through the desert, (keep trying to have a son), until he finds a random land that God promised him. However NONE of us are commanded to do ANY of that. My point is that God can command different people at different times to do different things. Same God, who acts on the same principles, but doesn't always say the exact same thing. Another example is loving your enemy, doing good to those who hate you, being as innocent as doves etc. However in the law God instructed Moses to tell the Israelites to essentially be his divine wrath on wicked Canaan, while Jesus instructs us to turn the cheek and love those who try to kill you. These are clear and obvious differences.
However I must say that scripture I think has nothing against one keeping the law as long as it is done as Jesus instructs and as long as a Gentile who wants to become Jewish (aka keep the law) understands that it has absolutely nothing to do with whether or not God will accept you on judgement day (whereas whether or not you keep Jesus words/law WILL affect this).
@@youngknowledgeseeker Thank you ... Your words helped me in lady wisdom.
Can we discuss more ?
Where to start though ?
@@marvinhacking5777 sure Marvin. Wherever you want.
16:42 I’ve never related to something more in my life.
without reading any of the books, is the text variant in the sense that it's like that from Samaritain Torah or is it yet a other variant?
The psychic in the movie is amazing I've always thought that kinda thing is nonsense but she really made me think again. Especially getting M for Moses & S for Shapira & the drawing for when they find the Graveyard. Wow.
She may have had a chance to find out what Yoram was up to before they met
@@hershyfishman2929 Maybe? I did think about that but I thought he'd have been honest about it & she just couldn't have known where the graveyard was. He didn't know that.
@@johnmichaelson9173 he could even have been honest and believed her that she didn't do research on him before they met or didn't think it was possible that she could have known about him or about MS but didn't take into account what tricks she could have used to find out about him before the meeting. Good psychics often have sophisticated techniques to research people. As for the graveyard, I don't think her drawing and prediction were that impressive. The houses and road were much farther away from the area than she had indicated and was there nothing on the other side, only water? (I may have missed something regarding that). She might have known that MS was buried in Rotterdam (which was known) or she could have just been guessing and drew generic houses which are common allove Europe. Finally, even if Yoram was generally honest I'm sure she said many other things which were wrong which he didn't include. (Perhaps if we saw the whole thing, even the geussing the MS (both letters very common in names) wouldn't have been that impressive).
Very interesting !!!
Where can we take your courses
Aren’t all reliable manuscripts copies of copies thus making them “forgeries”? The older manuscripts may be older because they were not used and worn out because they were considered unreliable?
Very interesting
I am a new subscriber and love your videos. Would you by any chance have any videos or information on Joseph of Arimathea? The Bible barely writes about him. Thank you for sharing your knowledge online through TH-cam.
There is no information about him outside of the Gospels and the Gospels all really get it from Mark. Joseph of Arimathea is likely a fictional character. There was no place called "Arimathea," and the name looks like an abbreviation of "Best Disciple Town" in Greek (Ari[stos]math[etes]ea) and also works as a pun on Joseph bar Matthias, aka Flavius Josephus, who tells a story about saving three friends who he saw hanging up on crosses. He went to Titus and Titus ordered them to be taken down from their crosses. Josephus says that two of them died, but one recovered. There are reasons to think that Mark used Josephus as a source for his Gospel (the Jesus ben Anias story, in particular, looks practically copy-pasted into Mark's Passion narrative). The empty tomb story looks to be a literary invention of Mark's as well (the case for this has been well-made by JD Crossan, Bart Ehrman and others). The character of Joseph of Arimathea seems patently contrived and, for many reasons, quite implausible. The Romans typically did not give back the bodies of crucifixion victims or allow them to be buried in tombs and in the very rare exceptions that we know of , it was bodies that had already been on the cross more than a day and they were only released to family members and that one occasion was in Egypt as a celebration of the Emperor's birthday. There isn't a single known case of Roman authorities ever allowing a crucifixion victim being released in Judea at all. The denial of an honorable burial was part of the punishment. Letting the body rot on the cross and get eaten by birds and dogs was part of the punishment. If bodies were taken down from the cross at all, they were dumped in common criminals' graves. To allow an honorable burial (emphasis on the word "honorable" as oppose do unmarked common criminals' graves) ) was to commute the sentence of an enemy of the state. That could expose the Governor himself to being accused of treason (and it didn't take much to get that accusation under Tiberias who was notorious for trumping up treason trials in order to seize the estates of rich Romans).
There are many other problems with taking any of Mark's Passion narrative as historical, but maybe the biggest problem, setting aside the plausibility of whether a crucifixion victim would have been given back after three hours for a rich, gaudy tomb burial in the tomb of a Sanhedrin member who just got done voting to execute Jesus for "blasphemy" (what changed his mind so fast?) is that Mark says the women ran away from the tomb and never told anybody. That's the original ending of the story. The other Gospels all got the story from Mark and all added their own endings (none of which agree with each other in any respect. You can see it if you read all four tomb narratives side by side. the other Gospels all follow Mark until Mark ends, at which point they all fly off in different directions to fabricate Jerusalem appearance stories. There are no independent sources for the empty tomb outside of mark or before Mark. Even Paul doesn't know about it. Mark is the one and only source for an empty tomb. The other Gospels all changed Mark. The fact that Mark says nobody was told about the tomb means that there was no prior tradition about it and that he was revealing this as a secret to his audiences, The fact that none of the other gospels agree with each other in any respect shows that there could not have been any strong tradition about an empty tomb or appearances in Jerusalem even as late as the early 2nd Century when John was being written.
Didn't mean to go on so long. Sorry. but the TLDR is that there is no information about Joseph of Arimathea outside of the Gospels and he may be a purely literary character in the first place.
@@Ken_Scaletta well said Ken
Interesting that those Hassidim set a date around 1840, while William Miller in the United States was independently calculating a date in the early 1840's, leading to the "Great Disappointment."
What is the name of the Film? Thank You very interesting
Shapira and I
Huffington Post?
So do you think we could actually get to the content of the scroll and share what it actually says? Ever?
Someone didn’t watch the whole video…
nice
There was a Canaanite script , and they called it "Paleo Hebrew" to please people. Hebrew was not a written language in antiquity , only in the late times of the Kingdom of Judea, the Jews formalized a written method of copying Aramaic and it was Canaanite in origins , as a writing system of an alphabet similar to Phoenicians. So Aramaic was an older language art , and later Hebrew and Arabic were developed dividing the Jews and Arabs who were really first cousins of each other.
In reality , Oral Tradition was the method of reciting Moses Law, not handwriting, and the Greek Bible, the Septuagint were written from the resources of either 70 or 72 literal RECITERS of the Bible, skilled men whose lives were dedicated to memorization. I remember as a child Harry Lorraine, a famous mentalist and oral reciter, whose talent proves the ancient people had only an Oral Tradition , but used some markers and cues to aid their recitation , mostly by heart, a spoken tradition , and not supported by any written literature.
If like Homer it is oral tradition, could it also be many oral traditions that when codifying mostly in post-Babylon period that they have to adopt conflicting accounts as in the biblical criticism tradition?
What do you thank of the book of Enoch
Longest teaser trailer ever.
I guess I know what I'm doing for the rest of the day now. 🤓
Money and Forgeries
The Vatican probably had him whacked
Thanks for all you do to help us understand the world to the Bible and it’s background
Get INDY . He can FIND THEM.
It seals the proof that we've all inherited altered scriptures, and the Jews were first to alter the Standards Elohim gave them!
Then Islam tries to steal from that too and claim to be legitimate
Dude, all the scrolls are fake, I mean where have you been. They ar all written on leather.
apostate
Actually the oldest scroll 📜 was found in a tomb before Solomons temple was destroyed in 587 BCE with the name Jehovah (the lord are God) by a little boy who was a pain in the butt to an archaeologist around this area. 😇
Yahsuah went to Egypt for the Moses Scroll
Between @ 1,122 years- Masoretic text @900 BCE- and 2,400 years- @400 BCE, when Hebrew was last spoken- no resolution has happened in regard to the word “Elohim.” These scholars and experts are anything but. How long will this charade go on? Nor was THM in Gen.1:2 resolved to be the Tihamah regions- Hijaz, Asir and Yemen- not the ‘deep ‘ until 1985. Same for Junaynah at Dn- garden of Eden- at 20/20 by 42/55 in Asir region western Arabia with the 4 rivers and gold, not resolved again until 1985. What hubris - chutzpah- these so so-called exhibit. Enough. “The Bible Came from Arabia “, Kamal Salibi and his 3 other bible study books put Moses into proper historical/ regional context, and Jonah,and the 5 Abram (hams), 2+ Sara( h)(I)’s, the ‘Jordan ‘, on and on and on.
The Dead Sea Scrolls make no mention of Jesus.
Nor Vice Versa - but what's your point?
That's because they predate the time of Jesus by several hundred years.
Gnostic is a God given vision and test as real as life
I think it's worth noting that the Dead Sea Scrolls said NOTHING about jesus. He was (supposedly) the most important event and person in history, yet it is completely absent from the historical records.
The DSS should absolutely mention jesus since were written up until the Romans destroyed god's house in Jerusalem (the same house where jesus got mad at the money changers; too bad he floated away otherwise he could have stopped the Roman army since jesus made it clear this establishment was important).
This is simply a really uneducated take upon the matter. Because these scrolls were written around 3rd century BCE to 1st century CE, which makes them produced way before Christ or during his lifetime. Hence pointing out to an artefact which was most likely produced before Jesus and saying it does not mention Jesus as an argument to point out Christ was not the most important figure in history and was merely an exaguration is baseless and a very weak argumentation to post.
@@Semispecula Once again, an apologist is confronted with something uncomfortable with their religion, and they have to attack the intelligence or comprehension of the doubter.
You are right, they were written until 70 CE. This is well within the time frame of the jesus's supposed ministry. And Jesus was the most important person in history, according to your own people. So that's another weak rebuttal.
Of course there is NO contemporaneous historical mention of jesus ANYWHERE. So you are not in a position for attacking anyone for weak arguments. The entire xtian mythology is supported by weakness, which is why it's in a death spiral.
@@GuitarDog_atx No response to my point, accuses of attacking your intelligence which did not happen. A very sad situation.
@@SemispeculaWhat's sad situation is not reading my response. I said "intelligence OR Comprehension".
And calling someone with number of degrees I have and the amount of research I do as making "uneducated" claims, I guess I can add 'condescending' to the list too.
And I did respond to your point. You even conceded that they were writing in the "1st Century". This means in the time of Jesus. The most recent one is as late as 68 CE.
But sure, ignore that there is ZERO historical mention of jesus anywhere in any documentation. I guess it would be too convenient to have people who wrote about other events and people at the time and in that area to write about the dude who healed many, controlled the weather, showed people his resurrected corpse, zombies walking around Jerusalem that were "seen by many", etc.
@@GuitarDog_atx Can have as many degrees or research as you may, will not change the matter of fact that you are wrong upon this subject and are offended even without me saying anything about your intelligence, but your comprehension of dates and time which is flawed.
Where say scholar's educated guess know? Where say scholar's ears hear ?
When say question none all pretend to understand guess know deceiving self pretending to understand atheist to religious all question none pretend to know when faith know
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Bible charts and timelines that have never been revealed before