This video explains how voltage-gated sodium channels work in neurons, and how they influence the shape of an action potential graph. Animation and voice-over by Laura Slusser.
I can't believe that, 2 years already in medicine and it's the first time i come across with such a complete and comprehensive illustration of those channels. Thank you...and please make more videos. Instantaneous subscription!
Neuroscience student here. Very well explained. I didn't quite understand what was causing the directionality of an action potential so I'm glad I watched this.
Thank you for explaining this concept for my biology course. I am an environmental science student. Sometimes these courses are not fully explained to us because we are not med students. But we do need to understand the content just as well!
i am a med student and this is one of the best videos who explain it very comprehensive and intuative i appreciate it a lot what i would like to see more if its possible like a time line of what exactly happen from the post synaptic cleft to the action potential itself that go through the axon and axon terminal but really thank you so much incredible video!!
I’d like to see more. Love seeing how they worked. Trying to visualise how densely packed they are with each other and if there is differing density’s on the axon, maybe more near the end?
Please please if possible make a video on Class 1 anti arrythmics too. With all the details of how they act on open and close state of sodium channels in myocardium. much needed!!!
Ah beautiful stuff! You explanation is so vivid, it's amazing. Please upload more videos in the future! I have one question though: How does the inactivation gate work? I mean, how does it know when to close? Is it voltage dependent too? Does it carry some charge as well?
Improvement suggestion to this visualization: - Positively charged pink voltage sensor are insensitive to positive sodium ions concentration outside the neuron but sensitive to sodium ions concentration inside the neuron. If the pink voltage sensor are sensitive to both the outside the neuron and inside the neuron of the sodium concentration, then when the channel is open the sodium ions concentration could not flow against its concentration gradient. If the higher sodium ions concentration inside the neuron opens the channel then the sodium ions could flow out but not in! Solution to this is when pink voltage sensor are sensitive only to sodium concentration inside the neuron and opens the channel when there is a stimuli, allowing higher concentration of sodium ions outside the neuron to flow inside, down its gradient concentration, not against it.
Why does the number of sodium ions increase within the cell when the neuron is receiving an excitatory signal? Isn’t that a result of the gated channels opening?
It is from the chemical signals of the neuron that releases chemical signals before this neuron and which attach to the receptor proteins of this neuron. The attaching causes a signal for the gates to open and allow sodium ions in
So it's basically Electrical Engineering Control System. It's amazing to see that engineering starts from the human body itself or otherwise a Human body is a perfectly engineered system
Cartoon animations are extremely helpful, thank you for making it! For Na v-gated channel, could you explain/demonstrate the actions of: Selectivity filter (by which sodium is allowed & passed through & K is rejected), and Fast inactivation (how opening of the pore gate closes the inactivation gate)? (And how these parts derive from the 6 segments of the 4 domains of the channel?) And isn't the actual pore gate at the bottom of the pore (intracellular side), rather than at the top on the extracellular side that you showed?
Yeah that’s absolutely fantastic animation. It is easy to visualise and understand. I have the same comment about the flowing of the Na+ ion. It looks the concentration of the Na+ ion is less outside than inside before opening. Which I think is the opposite and that will make sense as the transport system has to be diffusion ( from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Thank you for all your efforts Xxx
I was never sure how to imagine the AP to travel along the axon on a molecular level. Are individual sodium ions simply traveling along the whole length of the axon? This helped me understand that ion channels at every node of Ranvier open and just gradually fill up the axon - very helpful, thanks! ♡
So how does this get affected by pyrethrins? Like why would the channels be kept open? I was reading about shock dope lol I’m just curious as to what is happening in the brain that ordinary flowers can’t derive the same compound from, like how chrysanthemums can make pyrethrum for pesticides after undergoing a process
Excellent presentation/visualization of the mechanism responsible for Na channel opening and closing. 👍 Question: What triggers the inactivation gate to close the channel at -30 mV? Is it also positively charged and gets repelled upwards by higher Na concentration inside the neuron therefore blocking the Na channel?🤔
At resting potential, there is more sodium ions outside and less inside . And you added ,on arrival of impulse , Na+ ions increase inside. How does it happen ? Or what cause increase in Na+ ions before the actual influx of Na+ from outside ?
The first Na+ ions enter the cell via some kind of stimulation at the synapse. For many neurons, this happens via ligand-gated channels that open in response to neurotransmitters. But you can also have an electrical synapse, where the graded potential arrives through a gap junction. Alternatively, in the hair cells of the ear, there are ion channels that open in response to vibration. In the skin, there are sensory neurons with channels that open in response to pressure or heat. It all depends on the type of neuron.
I can't believe that, 2 years already in medicine and it's the first time i come across with such a complete and comprehensive illustration of those channels. Thank you...and please make more videos. Instantaneous subscription!
absolutely agree
Neuroscience student here. Very well explained. I didn't quite understand what was causing the directionality of an action potential so I'm glad I watched this.
PA student here, this video was very helpful!! I hope you continue to make educational videos!
I teach physiology, and this will be a must for my students. To echo others, YES, please make more videos!!!
Very clearly explained. Thank you ❤
OMGG THIS VIDEO IS SUCH A SAVIOUR. THANKYOU SO MUCH FOR YOUR EFFORTS. PLEASE MAKE MORE VIDEOS!!
Seeing it animated helps so much! Keep it up!!
Thank you for explaining this concept for my biology course. I am an environmental science student. Sometimes these courses are not fully explained to us because we are not med students. But we do need to understand the content just as well!
i am a med student and this is one of the best videos who explain it very comprehensive and intuative i appreciate it a lot what i would like to see more if its possible like a time line of what exactly happen from the post synaptic cleft to the action potential itself that go through the axon and axon terminal but really thank you so much incredible video!!
We NEED more animations! Greetings from Poland, thanks to you we are gonna pass our physiology exam on Medical University of Silesia.
Hi Laura this REALLY helped me understand the AP firing line and how it works I hope you make many many more..... Kind regards
I’d like to see more. Love seeing how they worked. Trying to visualise how densely packed they are with each other and if there is differing density’s on the axon, maybe more near the end?
Yes! I would like to see more videos, especially about different types of Ca2+ (low threshold and high threshold) and K+ channels :)
You are amazing! please make more videos on the action potential
this animation has helped me a lot. thanks!
Great animation and explanation - thank you for spreading your knowledge!:)
Beautifully done and explained! Thanks!
This video was crystal clear. Thanks.
Easy and simple explanation. A1 quality animation 👍
thank you , please make more videos .. All my respect for what you are doing..
It was such a unique incredible and amazing explanation can't say how much impressed by this video well done ✅
Good visualization, well explained, thank you!
This video is absolutely amazing…thank you so much 🙏🏻
This is really good explanation
Wow, I have like one week left till the exam and I finally get it!!
Please make more videos!!
Best of luck for ur exams
@@aftermath7 already had two more big exams after that..
@@lukekim7012 how did they go?
Semester ended last week, and I got 3.73 😊😃
@@lukekim7012 3.73? Good bro👍
Please please if possible make a video on Class 1 anti arrythmics too. With all the details of how they act on open and close state of sodium channels in myocardium. much needed!!!
Just Wonderful! 👏👏👏
Thank you and yes please more of this. I would like to know more about theee other channels!
Every professor should you this video in their class
Thank you so much for this video!!! It was soo helpful💖
thanks for this great explanation
Ah beautiful stuff! You explanation is so vivid, it's amazing. Please upload more videos in the future!
I have one question though: How does the inactivation gate work? I mean, how does it know when to close? Is it voltage dependent too? Does it carry some charge as well?
Thanks alot for your great efforts .. your video helped me to understand well in very short time
Thank you, very informative in a 4 min video !
great video, very helpful
It is very helpful and comprehensive vedio as I was confused about Na+ voltage gated channel
that is an amazing animation!!! which program did you use to create this animation?
Thank you very much ❤️🙏
From university of muthanna, Iraq 💜
هلا والله باهل العراق ❤️🤚🤝🤝
@@user-rn4jh8qx6w حبيبي والله 😍
1st time seen a video with 0 dislikes, and never dislike this video
Improvement suggestion to this visualization:
- Positively charged pink voltage sensor are insensitive to positive sodium ions concentration outside the neuron but sensitive to sodium ions concentration inside the neuron.
If the pink voltage sensor are sensitive to both the outside the neuron and inside the neuron of the sodium concentration, then when the channel is open the sodium ions concentration could not flow against its concentration gradient.
If the higher sodium ions concentration inside the neuron opens the channel then the sodium ions could flow out but not in!
Solution to this is when pink voltage sensor are sensitive only to sodium concentration inside the neuron and opens the channel when there is a stimuli, allowing higher concentration of sodium ions outside the neuron to flow inside, down its gradient concentration, not against it.
A Great Explanation
Thank you so much, your video is very helpful. I am studying how DDT, insecticide, affects insect evolution. Namaste :)
Very nice
Subbed. It is very useful. Thank you very much!
Why does the number of sodium ions increase within the cell when the neuron is receiving an excitatory signal? Isn’t that a result of the gated channels opening?
It is from the chemical signals of the neuron that releases chemical signals before this neuron and which attach to the receptor proteins of this neuron. The attaching causes a signal for the gates to open and allow sodium ions in
Realy clear thank you!!!
Can you make a video about the K+ voltage dependent channal?
Please make a video of inward rectifier K channels. Med students have a super hard time with this channel, and it would be super useful!
Thank u so much
It's really helpful!
Inactivation gate is also H gate correct?
Best explanation
How do you make this complex consepts very clear and easy to understand. What is your technique?
thank u so much, its very much helpful to me
Thank you so much
please make more nervous system videos!
So it's basically Electrical Engineering Control System. It's amazing to see that engineering starts from the human body itself or otherwise a Human body is a perfectly engineered system
I want to learn more about HCNchannel which moves both at the state of depolarization and hypolarization.
Amazing
from where does the sodium come after the excitatory sginal ? Please reply :)
I would like to have that more comprehensive video of other channels, please.
Cartoon animations are extremely helpful, thank you for making it!
For Na v-gated channel, could you explain/demonstrate the actions of:
Selectivity filter (by which sodium is allowed & passed through & K is rejected), and
Fast inactivation (how opening of the pore gate closes the inactivation gate)?
(And how these parts derive from the 6 segments of the 4 domains of the channel?)
And isn't the actual pore gate at the bottom of the pore (intracellular side), rather than at the top on the extracellular side that you showed?
Yeah that’s absolutely fantastic animation. It is easy to visualise and understand.
I have the same comment about the flowing of the Na+ ion. It looks the concentration of the Na+ ion is less outside than inside before opening. Which I think is the opposite and that will make sense as the transport system has to be diffusion ( from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
Thank you for all your efforts Xxx
An idea for future video: Explain how the MET channels at the tip of the hair cells in the Organ of Corti work.
I was never sure how to imagine the AP to travel along the axon on a molecular level. Are individual sodium ions simply traveling along the whole length of the axon? This helped me understand that ion channels at every node of Ranvier open and just gradually fill up the axon - very helpful, thanks! ♡
How the number of sodium ions increase within cell on receiving stimulus even the voltage sensors are closed??
is this applicable to sodium channels in working myocardium? as anti arrythmic application?
thank you you are amazing
So how does this get affected by pyrethrins? Like why would the channels be kept open? I was reading about shock dope lol I’m just curious as to what is happening in the brain that ordinary flowers can’t derive the same compound from, like how chrysanthemums can make pyrethrum for pesticides after undergoing a process
Excellent presentation/visualization of the mechanism responsible for Na channel opening and closing. 👍
Question: What triggers the inactivation gate to close the channel at -30 mV?
Is it also positively charged and gets repelled upwards by higher Na concentration inside the neuron therefore blocking the Na channel?🤔
Very informative thanks a lot
what is resting-state blockade?
And which is the interaction with mobile phones & wifi?
At resting potential, there is more sodium ions outside and less inside . And you added ,on arrival of impulse , Na+ ions increase inside. How does it happen ? Or what cause increase in Na+ ions before the actual influx of Na+ from outside ?
The first Na+ ions enter the cell via some kind of stimulation at the synapse. For many neurons, this happens via ligand-gated channels that open in response to neurotransmitters. But you can also have an electrical synapse, where the graded potential arrives through a gap junction. Alternatively, in the hair cells of the ear, there are ion channels that open in response to vibration. In the skin, there are sensory neurons with channels that open in response to pressure or heat. It all depends on the type of neuron.
my humble request , please upload more videos mam.
what software was used to make the graphics?
Blender 3D. It’s a free and open-source animation software. Good luck with your endeavors!
@@lauraslusser8710 Good job !👍
thanks a lot, please make more video... :)
thank u so much
make more videos!
thank you.
Thanks
Wow!
Audio not clear
Bruh mind boggling easy explain
❤❤
سبحان الله