For anyone looking for more good plants for beautiful autumn colour, there are also some excellent suggestions in the comments below, so do look through them. And thank you if you've added your own suggestions.
I find that my wild sumac (non-poisonous variety) makes a lovely early red display and has wonderful trunks for winter interest. They can grow quite tall and frame my dogwoods, sourwoods and black gum trees. Sumac flowers are wonderful wild bee feeders too!
Sumac is a beautiful tree, and it's also good in spice blends, too, although I've never quite dared to take it off the tree. I always feel it's safer to buy it.
East Tennessee where I grew up has dogwoods and redbuds growing wild in the woods. In our backyard we had at least a dozen dogwoods. People are often familiar with the white flowers in spring, but not their scarlet leaves in fall. The trees have a natural horizontal habit. When the wind blows in summer, the leaves sound like the rustling of taffeta skirts. Quite enchanting.
I have the Cornus (it's native here in the Pacific Northwest of the United States), and it gives glorious color in the fall and winter. I also have a Diana witch hazel that performs brilliantly. An old fashioned smoke bush, a vine maple (great in shade and remains smallish), autumn serviceberry, a wonderful spirea, and two Abelia round out my fall color scheme... until I get more 😁
An excellent line up and I have the smoke bush too, and have now realised I forgot to mention it. Although it often gets a starring role, so it can take a back seat for one video. The serviceberry is another name for Amelanchier, and I love spirea and abelia, such good plants.
@@TheMiddlesizedGarden I didn't know the botanical name for serviceberry - you are a constant fount of knowledge! I almost wish you were my neighbor...but then I'd be jealous of your garden 😁
We’re hoping to add a ginkgo to the garden some day. They have beautiful golden leaves in the fall. There are all sorts of variegated, small, large, and columnar varieties out there. My oak leaf hydrangea is the most gorgeous thing in the fall. That deep burgundy is always a welcome change.
Hi Alexandra, I discovered your channel only yesterday and have binge watched about 30 of your videos, so far...! Your content is fantastic.. a perfect, wonderful mix of experience, advice and helpful tips, and love all your guests too. I am learning so much from you, thank you!
As always Alexandra your talk is so informative. Don't be concerned re the Autumn colours, your outfit blended in well, and the dog romping about, it looks like such a lovely companion. I enjoyed the naughtiness walking through the garden beds! Such a fun animal. I think we should see what the local nurseries have to offer for our areas because what thrives in one province will not be as showy in another. You have a very good size garden, lots to grow and to enjoy the space. God bless till next time.
Thank you! And Lottie is very light on her feet, so she rarely causes damage when she goes through the garden beds, although I sometimes have to place plant supports to stop her if I think the plants are very fragile. Good suggestion re local nurseries.
Best explanation of changing colors I have ever heard. I am in zone 5 central Indiana,USA and fall colors are also behind by about 2-3 weeks. I would add purple smoke bush for it year around color. And burning bush is considered invasive in my area.
This is a most fascinating video about the autumn garden and the glorious colours....I now understand the various changes of colors in autumn..thanks so much to your explanation...I am very much elated with this information....wonders of Mother Nature! Thanks so much for sharing...💝💐
I really love nandinas. Most of them change color in the winter. Only the species gets tall and has berries, but those berries are wonderful for decorations.
I have japanese maple trees in big pots ...I grow them for their autum colors. This year ...most of the trees havent lost their leaves ....it was a rainy summer thats what the weather broadcast told us. I will underplant trees in my street with lots of cornus and berberis ... and holly If I find also maximum 3 oakleave hydrangeas. Now is the best time to underplant trees ...there is now no food or water competition ...the young new neighbors get some time to settle down better. I enjoy this time of the year very much . If I could I would spent all days outside working in the garden. You are at my top 3 best quality gardening channels. Kind regards, Marcus
Another great video! We have had a very disappointing fall color display this year here in Massachusetts zone 6, but my favorite plant, the Oak Leaf Hydrangea never fails to put on a show.
Another video up to your usual standard. I'm seriously lacking in Autumn colour, except for some of my pots. So time to think how I can bring in more colour for this time of year. Thank you Alexandra your videos are always so helpful.
It is! Though the Henryana type is slower growing. And the dog's springs are indeed very springy. She has been known to get onto the potting shed roof and over 6ft gates and fences.
Hi Alexandra, I love the casual elegance of your garden. Thank you so much for sharing the science behind optimizing tree and shrub placement in gardens.
I love that brick wall! What an amazing feature for an English Garden. Thank you for another fabulous video! Fall color here in the Hudson Valley of NYS has been very late.
I have not gotten one yet but I remember seeing small Acer ginnalas planted in NYBG with the reddest fire engine red leaves I have ever seen in my life! Plus I need to get some Ilex verticillatas.
Thank you for the excellent explanation of fall color. I didn’t realize the quality of it was so dependent on the availability of sunlight. I think I must have been a real daydreamer in school because I don’t remember learning about that at all. The two maples in our front yard are ablaze with red and orange leaves. I feel guilty for cursing them all summer-they are prolific in terms of the number of seedlings they produce. I am sure I pulled half a forest worth of them. The fall color, however, now makes it all worthwhile.
I don't think they did tell us anything about it in school, if so, I was definitely looking out of the window at the time. The maples sound gorgeous and are definitely worth it!
I'm very impressed by your Virginia creeper, it looks wonderful on your walls. Japanese maple (I have two) have gorgeous color in autumn, they need a good pruning once a year so really quite easy care. Your grasses that turn red are super, I have trouble dividing the root ball when they get too big, so I plant my grasses on a slope where they grow more slowly. Thank you for the autumn tour!
We are currently in the process of altering the rear of our garden, an area 65'L × 23'W. We moved in to our house last December and the back of the garden consisted of a dilapidated shed and large area of rotten decking, its all been removed and we now have a blank canvas. A friend has a lovely grouping of different varieties of Dogwood, their stems are stunning throughout Autumn and Winter, this will be part of our planting design also. I particularly like the Winter Fire Dogwood.
This is the video I really need most right now. It is fall and the beginner gardener that I am, has just realized that she only has one major autumn color generating shrub in her garden and it is planted in the wrong place🙄 I clearly need to do better with my autumn color situation in the garden and I will be looking into getting some of the shrubs you have recommended in this video to help create more fall interest in my garden next year👩🏾🌾 Very informative video, thank you for sharing👍🏾
Thank you! And until I did this research, I hadn't realised that the greener of the two liquidambars was planted in the wrong place for maximum colour, so it's an understandable mistake.
@@TheMiddlesizedGarden rewatching this to take in more of the great research you have so lovingly made available in this video for all of us to benefit from. I have become a real fan of your channel and I‘m always inspire and motivated to keep working on bringing more colors and structure to my garden when I watch one of your videos. Thank you again for all the efforts that you put into making these videos🙂
The dogwoods (Cornus) provide fall and winter interest, and are lovely all year. Don't forget evergreens! Some varieties of conifers remain small AND change color for winter in cool climates 😁 Happy gardening!
@@folee_edge Thank you, I will check out the red Dogwood, it seems to be very interesting, it will stay red even in winter🤔 finding a conifer that changes color in winter could be more challenging but I like the idea. Happy gardening to you too🙏🏾
Thank you, Alexandra! Excellent as always. As a western Canadian living in Melbourne I desperately wanted a Cornus in my small garden. Planted a Cornus Kousa earlier in the year and so far, so good. Also have a Euonymus Alatus which I love for its brilliant autumn colour.
We have a Persian Ironwood tree (I think) whose leaves go deep red before falling in November. Love to see your gorgeous dog scampering around the garden. Thanks Alexandra.
Thank you for your videos. What I particularly like is that you not only tell us the names of the plants but you then put a label on the screen which is very helpful. You are the only one that I follow who does this. I have a Japanese maple which turns from green to a stunning burgundy colour in the fall. I am in zone 9b, Houston, Texas. Yes, I am a transplant from Twickenham.😄
I’ve been really enjoying my doublefile viburnum this fall and my diablo ninebarks. Both have beautiful reddish orange fall color. Thank you for the lovely video! From Amy in Michigan, USA
Thank you Alexandra. I love your videos and while I live in hardiness zone 4a, in the mountains of Vermont, so much of the information you bring to us is still applicable.
Thank you! I often think that we all grow the same plants (if we're in a temperate climate), but that it's just the treatment over winter that changes.
Great show. I'll add crape myrtle as giving three seasons of interest and staghorn sumac which has red flower cones into the winter and beautiful fall foliage .
I planted sacred bamboo/heavenly bamboo, its a shrub that's not related to bamboo but their colours is bright red in full sun and stays evergreen according to rhs. I ended up buying two more since the colour was just amazing and keeping it into topiary balls. Amazing video as always, very helpful.
Heavenly bamboo/Nandina. I wanted to buy them too, but in my country (the Netherlands) they say the berry's are poison for wild birds. And I have a lot of birds in my garden, so didn't dare to plant them. But they are lovely.
@@jeancleo5505 Oh that's really interesting, in the UK it said that the berries is not toxic to birds and birds love eating them... Its such a beautiful plant tho, I too have lots of birds that visits now I'll have to keep an eye and see how it goes.
I have a faint memory of Nandina being unofficially "outlawed" up in North Texas. This was about 3 decades ago, and the reason was bcuz of it being invasive. At the time, this plant had been a staple for housing developers to plant in the landscape, so yes, it was everywhere! But I do not recall anyone talking about the berries being harmful to wildlife! Very interesting!
Thank you for the video. The most beautiful color I have on a shrub is our blueberry 🫐 bush. It’s a lovely deep orange red color. Zone 5. It spent half the summer in sun and half in shade (potted and moved after berries).
I love autumn but here I Capetown its a very short season whi h makes me sad cause I ove crunching through leaves and looking at all the beautiful colours . Loved this vlog .thank you
Thank you as always Alexandra. You look especially autumnal in that lovely shade of burnt orange. Wasn't Lottie having a wonderful time in those clips! I'd say my maple, don't remember the variety for sure, maybe red sunset?, is probably showing the best color this year. The dogwood tree was quite a lovely reddish, purplish earlier but has pretty much darkened and faded out now.
Great video Alexandra! Thank you. I have a huge beautiful maple tree in my back yard. In spring the leaves are deep purple then turn green until fall then purple again and finally oranges, yellows, and reds. My edible blue berry bush turns the most gorgeous pink red in fall and I have burning bushes that unfortunately are invasive and hard to keep trimmed but the red color in fall is incredible.
@@folee_edge no I'm in Boston. When I moved into my house ten yrs ago the burning bush were only 3ft within 2 yrs they were 12ft and blocking my first floor windows. They are now illegal to buy here because they are terribly invasive. I have to trim them twice in the growing season and i cut them down to about 5 ft in the winter when then they are dormant. If I leave a branch on the ground they sprout a new bush. Then I also trim them in spring once they leaf out because they put on feet of growth. They get wider and taller very quickly. So if you plant near the foundation of your house keep them trimmed to a comfortable height for you. I spend hours trimming mine it awful and I dread it but they are pretty. Maybe the newer varieties are more tame. Good luck.
Oh, dear, yes Burning bush is considered invasive in 21 states, mainly north-eastern and especially New Hampshire, although it's quite widely sold.The main issue is when it escapes into the wild so not good if you live near a prairie. I try to remember to say when I mention plants that are invasive somewhere, but it's not always possible as plants that are fine in one place can be quite damaging somewhere else.
@@TheMiddlesizedGarden like you said what's invasive in one place is fine in another, so do not worry about that, it's up to us gardeners to pay attention. I inherited the burning bushes from the last owner, they do serve a wonderful purpose on my property and are incredibly beautiful but just a big pain in the butt to maintain. This time of year they are a joy and the birds love them.😊
My new addition to the garden is the viburnum opulus mariesii, gorgeous red fall colour. Another one is a barberry bush which is deep purple green during the summer and turns orange red in fall. Greetings from the Czech republic
Thank you for a wonderful color tour. We have Ginkgo Biloba, Cotinus 'Smoke Bush', Persimmon, Nandina(for the berries' color), Chinese Pistachia, Liquidamber, all contributing beautiful autumn color here in our warm winter southern California coastal property.
Autumn colour has been quite late in London this year, maybe a sign of a hard winter ahead. After watching this just popped off and bought a Liquidambar.
I strongly caution against the Liquidambar tree. It puts out spiky balls that, when you tread on them, make you spin your arms like a windmill and fall in ways sure to amuse the neighbours... Not only will you very likely twist an ankle on those spiky balls, but in the Spring, they come up as trees EVERYWHERE, adding to you garden work. You are better off getting a maple.
I have a Black Diamond Crape Myrtle that has beautiful foliage all summer and still holding on strong. I also love the colors on my blueberry bushes and Japanese maples. I just added some fothergilla (bottlebrush) that are known to have beautiful fall color and of course my smoke bush is always the star the of show.
Interesting! Another fothergilla fan, it's clearly a shrub I must get. And Crape myrtle is a beautiful suggestion, as is blueberry. Our smoke bush is fab, too, in autumn but wasn't quite into its full display (or affected by the wet weather).
Thank you Alexandra. I have a good many bulbs in the ground so I don't leave leaves on the ground because I don't want to step on things during the spring when cleaning-up.
Thsnk you again for an informative video. Fothergilla gardenii (shrub) are great in my own garden for fall color. Not sure how common they are in the UK. Perennials like smilacina (false solomons seal) and polygonatum (solomons seal) also contribute great fall color in the garden
I've just looked the Fothergilla up and although I'd never heard of it before, it's listed by the RHS, so presumably available here. Looks lovely, I'll keep an eye for it, thank you.
Some roses go bright burgundy, as do plum and cherry trees. Peony foliage also has beautiful fall colours. Wild strawberry as a ground cover plant is great, as it often stays partly green through winter even here in the North, and gives contrast to earth tones. I like rowan trees a lot because of the berries, they are widely used as carefree garden trees here in Finland, there are varieties with white, orange, pink and yellow berries too - and birds love them. In any case I'd avoid plants that drop their leaves very early, here the season is obviously so much shorter in any case. P.S: Your garden looks gorgeous! So nice to see some autumn colours still, here all the leaves have fallen already.
Thank you, and I agree with you about peony foliage - I think it can be quite spectacular, but that's rarely mentioned on the label. Plum and cherry great too.
Thank you so much - gave me a lot to think about - I like when this time of year comes round - it allows to make changes in my garden - I shall be moving some plants - and making space for new plants and shrubs - I'm checking out standard rose's for my borders - it's so exciting - just love my garden - but having woods at end of garden can a lot of work with leaf fall - but once again thanks for a lovely video. Regards
I have an Amelanchier - very nice spring flowers, June berries (which the birds devour), and lovely fall color. Also have a Korean Stewartia, which is another small tree with lots of interest. Flowers in June/July after the leaves come out, brilliant fall color, and interesting bark. Enkianthus is a great flowering shrub with amazing fall color. Planted a Hepticodium last year, which hasn't flowered yet, but will have white flowers in late summer that turn to dark pink bracts. The leaves get a bit of burgundy flush. And of course Nandinas and Abelias have wonderful changing color year round.
@@TheMiddlesizedGarden You will most often see Japanese Stewartia, which is essentially the same tree. And the flowers look like camellias! Itea (dwarf Virginia Sweetspire) and Fothergilla, both small shrubs, also have beautiful fall color. I look for form, foliage, flowers, fragrance, and fall color, and plants need to have at least three of those for me to buy.
I have a cornus kousa 'satomi' whose leaves turn a beautiful red colour (and in spring it has pink flowers, and eventually may produce little fruits, so lots of multi-season interest). I recently realised that a shrub that was here when I moved in is probably a 'midwinter fire' dogwood, so I shall be pruning accordingly next spring and hope to see more of the colour next winter. I also have a weeping willow that has wonderful draping yellow branches to contrast against the nearby evergreens. I think the contrast of colours is what is most striking in autumn, so I think the evergreens are as important in autumn as they are in winter.
Thank you! The pines in pots near the steps are dwarf pinus mugo and have been there for a while, although I think they rarely make it into the picture. And there are some junipers in the dustbin pots on either side of the bench.
Beautiful Garden❣I feel winter in the air. Maple leaves turn red in the autumn. How can I get rid of all those fallen leaves?That is beautiful as is. Amazing 🌲🍃🍂
Another great video Alexandra, thank you. I would recommend acers, even for tiny gardens. I have one in a pot and it's glowing in the shady corner just now. I love your virginia creeper! I am very tempted. I could do with some climbers to cover the ugly fences here but I'm just a bit concerned about the plants destroying the fences, as has happened in the past. Thank you for your tips.
Thank you! I think the Henryana virginia creeper would be fine on a fence, as long as you're happy to trim it 2-3 times a year to keep it under control. Also depending where you live, it's a good idea to check for invasiveness.
Lovely video Alexandra, thank you. I have a much loved small Acer in a pot, I adore the red colour of it, and a few cornus planted a couple of years ago which look fab this year. I think I'm going to have to think about a hydrangea now though!
We just planted 7 coppertop sweet vibirnum and cant wait to see their seasonal interest! Other shrubs we plan to get are red robin (red tip photinia), camelia, and ca frosty lilac. Zone 9b
I hadn't seen Coppertop, so I've looked it up, and it seems it's been bred quite recently with the hope that it will eventually be as popular as Red Robin. Indeed it's not clear how widely available it is in the UK, but it certainly looks interesting, thank you.
Thanks for the amazing video! I have been obsessed with Adrian Bloom's conifers and winter garden since I saw him on a BBC show. He does amazing year-round interest, and I would love your take on his Foggy Bottom garden. ❤️
@@LinusCello75 The top quarter does for about 4 months of the summer, and then only for a few hours, but it's surrounded by tall sycamores on 3 sides, and only open on its north face. It is spectacular against the dark woodland beyond.
Parrotia persica is beautiful, there was one in Charlotte Rowe's garden in this video, which I thought was lovely: th-cam.com/video/HtsqXEMeocM/w-d-xo.html
Very interesting never thought of plants for autumn foliage. However, am surprised with a beautiful blueberry bush bought this year and the hydrangea that I propagated. The cherry itree as expected specular as is the Acer in the pot.
The most reliable, vivid color on trees for smaller/mid-size gardens in our experience are stewartias and flowering dogwoods. And for shrubs, fothergilla... All look great throughout the seasons, regardless of whether they are in bloom...
So interesting, a few people have mentioned fothergillas and I hadn't heard of them. I looked them up and they're beautiful. Also stewartias. I must get some, thank you.
I'm in NoVA and grow Virginia Creeper all over the railings on my second-floor deck. I adore it! It's early November as I write this, and it's just beginning to change from dark green to a blend of oranges and burgundies. When the vines mature, they produce berries that the cardinals, nuthatches, woodpeckers, bluebirds, and waxwings fight over. I do cut back whatever is getting out of bounds in early spring, but other than that, I let it be. My other favorite this time of the year is the native redbud, Cercis canadensis. It's losing its leaves now, but it was gloriously yellow for a few weeks. What do you grow further south for autumn color?
I planted Itea Little Henry this spring. But I don’t think I’m going to get the fall color like I had hoped. It might be in too much shade as the sun has shifted this time of year. Something I need to remember when I decide where to put things. Right now I have the red of my dogwoods and my Japanese maples are just starting to change.
Hi! I love your channel so much!! Thank you for your videos!! 🥰 I wanted to ask you, can Viburnum Snowball grow in a shady border..? I planted my Viburnum in the pot at the moment, and I place it on the patio in the sunny spot!
@@TheMiddlesizedGarden Thank you soooo much for your reply!!🥰 That's why when I saw your Viburnum Snowball on TH-cam, I was inspired to buy it!!🙋☺️ All websites saying to plant Viburnum in sunny border, but my sunny border doesn't have more space for plants.. 🤷🤦 I am so happy to hear that your thriving in shade!!!!🥰🥰🥰 Happy gardening!!!! 🌹🌷✨🐈🌱🌱🌱🌱🌄🌈
Am I imagining this, or do you now know many more botanical names? They seem to roll of your tongue as thought you've been doing this all your life. A very secondary comment to another wonderful video, but it struck me. Oh, and thanks so much for the autumn weather color lesson. I've always been confused about that.
Thank you! I think some botanical names are getting more familiar - and I can't rely on common names because they're different in every country, so I do have to check them all.
Thank you for your videos. I would like to create a formal garden in NJ zone 7. I know most people use boxwood as hedges but I'm worried about blight. Are yew good alternatives or should I just go with boxwoods? Thanks
We have had box wood blight over here for longer than you have, I think, and it is just not going away. In fact, it's still getting worse in spite of everything everyone does. So I would really advise against planting box. Here is a video with six alternative shrubs for formal clipping th-cam.com/video/QwTR7VjPokE/w-d-xo.html. Yew is probably the best and it's so beautiful.
The recommended playlist should pop up automatically on the screen in the last minute of the video, usually in a box bottom right of the screen, so just click on that. You can also click on the description below the video, where it says 'Show more' on desktop or a little downward arrow to the right of the title (also below the video) on mobile. The description is where I put links to any resources I mention, such as other videos or websites. Here is the playlist at the end of the Autumn colour video: th-cam.com/play/PLrZRLHPUbGmBHdqhADpV-NfbIMyFFNQzY.html
There's a long history of this one - both 'autumn' and 'fall' originated in Britain, and both were used in the US, but after Independence, the two languages developed as differently as possible with 'autumn' and 'fall' being one of the best known divergences. I spent most of my childhood in South America, where US English dominates (I knew very few UK English speakers apart from my own family). For three years, I went to a school run by and from the United States (I think it may even have been owned by the US Government for political reasons), so common US terminology feels very familiar to me.
For anyone looking for more good plants for beautiful autumn colour, there are also some excellent suggestions in the comments below, so do look through them. And thank you if you've added your own suggestions.
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Hello Alexandra. This is a wonderful video showcasing plants with brilliant autumn color. I thoroughly enjoyed it! Thanks ☺️
Thank you so much!
Brilliant! Grats on closing in on 100,000 followers! Quality shows and I am happy you are being recognized for the excellence of your vlogs.
Thank you! It will slow down towards Christmas when people think less about gardening, but I hope to get to that magic number in the New Year.
My Virginia creeper colours reasonably but the Boston Ivy is fabulous
It is a lovely plant
Thanks for this video. Vitis Brandt has amazing autumn colour.
Great suggestion, thank you.
Margaret.. good evening how are you doing? How's the pandemic situation over there in your country?.
I find that my wild sumac (non-poisonous variety) makes a lovely early red display and has wonderful trunks for winter interest. They can grow quite tall and frame my dogwoods, sourwoods and black gum trees. Sumac flowers are wonderful wild bee feeders too!
Sumac is a beautiful tree, and it's also good in spice blends, too, although I've never quite dared to take it off the tree. I always feel it's safer to buy it.
East Tennessee where I grew up has dogwoods and redbuds growing wild in the woods. In our backyard we had at least a dozen dogwoods. People are often familiar with the white flowers in spring, but not their scarlet leaves in fall. The trees have a natural horizontal habit. When the wind blows in summer, the leaves sound like the rustling of taffeta skirts. Quite enchanting.
Those horizontal dogwoods are fabulous.
I have the Cornus (it's native here in the Pacific Northwest of the United States), and it gives glorious color in the fall and winter. I also have a Diana witch hazel that performs brilliantly. An old fashioned smoke bush, a vine maple (great in shade and remains smallish), autumn serviceberry, a wonderful spirea, and two Abelia round out my fall color scheme... until I get more 😁
An excellent line up and I have the smoke bush too, and have now realised I forgot to mention it. Although it often gets a starring role, so it can take a back seat for one video. The serviceberry is another name for Amelanchier, and I love spirea and abelia, such good plants.
@@TheMiddlesizedGarden I didn't know the botanical name for serviceberry - you are a constant fount of knowledge! I almost wish you were my neighbor...but then I'd be jealous of your garden 😁
We’re hoping to add a ginkgo to the garden some day. They have beautiful golden leaves in the fall. There are all sorts of variegated, small, large, and columnar varieties out there. My oak leaf hydrangea is the most gorgeous thing in the fall. That deep burgundy is always a welcome change.
Ginkgo is a lovely tree, such a good yellow in autumn.
I love your examples of how planting in the sun vs the shade makes a major difference in color production. Thank you!
Thank you! I was rather delighted to realise there was an explanation for my apparently identical trees looking so different.
Hi Alexandra, I discovered your channel only yesterday and have binge watched about 30 of your videos, so far...! Your content is fantastic.. a perfect, wonderful mix of experience, advice and helpful tips, and love all your guests too. I am learning so much from you, thank you!
Thank you so much!!
I’m spoiled for color here in Vermont, USA, but still valued the tips very much for how to make the most of it. Thank you!
I can imagine! Vermont late season colour is revered world wide. Thankyou.
As always Alexandra your talk is so informative. Don't be concerned re the Autumn colours, your outfit blended in well, and the dog romping about, it looks like such a lovely companion. I enjoyed the naughtiness walking through the garden beds! Such a fun animal. I think we should see what the local nurseries have to offer for our areas because what thrives in one province will not be as showy in another. You have a very good size garden, lots to grow and to enjoy the space. God bless till next time.
Thank you! And Lottie is very light on her feet, so she rarely causes damage when she goes through the garden beds, although I sometimes have to place plant supports to stop her if I think the plants are very fragile. Good suggestion re local nurseries.
Your videos are always full of interesting tips and information. I enjoy them immensely. Thank you!
Glad you like them!
I love the grasses! This was very informative. Thank you!
Thank you!
Best explanation of changing colors I have ever heard. I am in zone 5 central Indiana,USA and fall colors are also behind by about 2-3 weeks. I would add purple smoke bush for it year around color. And burning bush is considered invasive in my area.
In zone 5 in Massachusetts, burning bush is just taking over in the woods! Pretty, but not good for the bugs...
Smokebush is brilliant, I have it, and yes, burning bush is invasive in some US states, so does need checking.
This is a most fascinating video about the autumn garden and the glorious colours....I now understand the various changes of colors in autumn..thanks so much to your explanation...I am very much elated with this information....wonders of Mother Nature!
Thanks so much for sharing...💝💐
Glad you enjoyed it, thank you!
Pauline WQI, good evening how are you doing? How's the pandemic situation over there in your country?
I really love nandinas. Most of them change color in the winter. Only the species gets tall and has berries, but those berries are wonderful for decorations.
Nandinas are lovely, I agree, every time I see one I think I must get one.
I have japanese maple trees in big pots ...I grow them for their autum colors.
This year ...most of the trees havent lost their leaves ....it was a rainy summer thats what the weather broadcast told us.
I will underplant trees in my street with lots of cornus and berberis ... and holly
If I find also maximum 3 oakleave hydrangeas.
Now is the best time to underplant trees ...there is now no food or water competition ...the young new neighbors get some time to settle down better.
I enjoy this time of the year very much .
If I could I would spent all days outside working in the garden.
You are at my top 3 best quality gardening channels.
Kind regards,
Marcus
Thank you so much!
Another great video! We have had a very disappointing fall color display this year here in Massachusetts zone 6, but my favorite plant, the Oak Leaf Hydrangea never fails to put on a show.
You too! It's funny how the same sort of weather wraps itself around the world sometimes. But, as you say, there's still the oakleaf hydrangea.
Pamela Corsi, good evening how are you doing? How's the pandemic situation over there in your country?.
Another video up to your usual standard. I'm seriously lacking in Autumn colour, except for some of my pots. So time to think how I can bring in more colour for this time of year. Thank you Alexandra your videos are always so helpful.
Thank you!
We lived in Virginia for seven years and Virginia Creeper is very invasive!
Love your dog prancing around! He looks to have internal springs in him!
It is! Though the Henryana type is slower growing. And the dog's springs are indeed very springy. She has been known to get onto the potting shed roof and over 6ft gates and fences.
@@TheMiddlesizedGarden She’s beautiful! I’m sorry I didn’t know she was a lady.
Hi Alexandra, I love the casual elegance of your garden. Thank you so much for sharing the science behind optimizing tree and shrub placement in gardens.
Thank you!
We had a phenomenally gorgeous full-season in the Denver metro area. The best we have had in quite a number of years. Thanks again for a lovely video.
Thank you, and glad you are having wonderful autumn colour. Ours has improved quite a bit in the last few days.
I love that brick wall! What an amazing feature for an English Garden. Thank you for another fabulous video! Fall color here in the Hudson Valley of NYS has been very late.
Ours has really improved just in the last few days, so I hope you get the same.
I have not gotten one yet but I remember seeing small Acer ginnalas planted in NYBG with the reddest fire engine red leaves I have ever seen in my life! Plus I need to get some Ilex verticillatas.
They sound beautiful!
Thank you, Alexandra. Wonderfully informative video, as always!
Thank you!
Thank you for the excellent explanation of fall color. I didn’t realize the quality of it was so dependent on the availability of sunlight. I think I must have been a real daydreamer in school because I don’t remember learning about that at all. The two maples in our front yard are ablaze with red and orange leaves. I feel guilty for cursing them all summer-they are prolific in terms of the number of seedlings they produce. I am sure I pulled half a forest worth of them. The fall color, however, now makes it all worthwhile.
I don't think they did tell us anything about it in school, if so, I was definitely looking out of the window at the time. The maples sound gorgeous and are definitely worth it!
Ioved your sweater, perfect for this fall video ❤
Thank you!
I'm very impressed by your Virginia creeper, it looks wonderful on your walls. Japanese maple (I have two) have gorgeous color in autumn, they need a good pruning once a year so really quite easy care. Your grasses that turn red are super, I have trouble dividing the root ball when they get too big, so I plant my grasses on a slope where they grow more slowly. Thank you for the autumn tour!
Thank you! I do always dread dividing anything, all the plants seem to fight back.
We are currently in the process of altering the rear of our garden, an area 65'L × 23'W. We moved in to our house last December and the back of the garden consisted of a dilapidated shed and large area of rotten decking, its all been removed and we now have a blank canvas. A friend has a lovely grouping of different varieties of Dogwood, their stems are stunning throughout Autumn and Winter, this will be part of our planting design also. I particularly like the Winter Fire Dogwood.
The dogwoods are certainly a wonderful plant family.
I need more winter interest, will continue to work on next year. Thx for another informative video
Thank you!
I love your videos! They are all so interesting and packed full of useful information. Thank you!
You are so welcome!
Very informative video. I love Fall color! It's tough here in Florida, but I try!
This is the video I really need most right now. It is fall and the beginner gardener that I am, has just realized that she only has one major autumn color generating shrub in her garden and it is planted in the wrong place🙄 I clearly need to do better with my autumn color situation in the garden and I will be looking into getting some of the shrubs you have recommended in this video to help create more fall interest in my garden next year👩🏾🌾
Very informative video, thank you for sharing👍🏾
Thank you! And until I did this research, I hadn't realised that the greener of the two liquidambars was planted in the wrong place for maximum colour, so it's an understandable mistake.
@@TheMiddlesizedGarden rewatching this to take in more of the great research you have so lovingly made available in this video for all of us to benefit from. I have become a real fan of your channel and I‘m always inspire and motivated to keep working on bringing more colors and structure to my garden when I watch one of your videos. Thank you again for all the efforts that you put into making these videos🙂
The dogwoods (Cornus) provide fall and winter interest, and are lovely all year. Don't forget evergreens! Some varieties of conifers remain small AND change color for winter in cool climates 😁 Happy gardening!
@@folee_edge Thank you, I will check out the red Dogwood, it seems to be very interesting, it will stay red even in winter🤔 finding a conifer that changes color in winter could be more challenging but I like the idea. Happy gardening to you too🙏🏾
Thank you, Alexandra! Excellent as always. As a western Canadian living in Melbourne I desperately wanted a Cornus in my small garden. Planted a Cornus Kousa earlier in the year and so far, so good. Also have a Euonymus Alatus which I love for its brilliant autumn colour.
Euonymus Alatus is so beautiful. I have just walked past one on my dog walk.
We have a Persian Ironwood tree (I think) whose leaves go deep red before falling in November. Love to see your gorgeous dog scampering around the garden. Thanks Alexandra.
Thank you! Persian ironwood is such a lovely tree.
Excellent tutorial, Alexandra. Your autumn garden is beautiful!🍁
Thank you so much!
Great Fall Color explanation! 👍
Glad it was helpful!
Thank you for your videos. What I particularly like is that you not only tell us the names of the plants but you then put a label on the screen which is very helpful. You are the only one that I follow who does this. I have a Japanese maple which turns from green to a stunning burgundy colour in the fall. I am in zone 9b, Houston, Texas. Yes, I am a transplant from Twickenham.😄
Thank you! I love maples, they are so brilliant at this time of year, but they don't seem to like my garden. Texas is a bit hotter than Twickenham!
I love the Stewartia tree for 3 season interest.
Several people have suggested a Stewartia and I can see why.
Awesome idea for a video! I tried to search for a similar topic on TH-cam about a month ago and couldn't find much information. Very inspiring
Glad you enjoyed it!
I’ve been really enjoying my doublefile viburnum this fall and my diablo ninebarks. Both have beautiful reddish orange fall color. Thank you for the lovely video! From Amy in Michigan, USA
Ninebarks are so beautiful and I love viburnum, too
Thank you Alexandra. I love your videos and while I live in hardiness zone 4a, in the mountains of Vermont, so much of the information you bring to us is still applicable.
Thank you! I often think that we all grow the same plants (if we're in a temperate climate), but that it's just the treatment over winter that changes.
Great show. I'll add crape myrtle as giving three seasons of interest and staghorn sumac which has red flower cones into the winter and beautiful fall foliage
.
Great suggestions. I love sumac particularly.
I planted sacred bamboo/heavenly bamboo, its a shrub that's not related to bamboo but their colours is bright red in full sun and stays evergreen according to rhs. I ended up buying two more since the colour was just amazing and keeping it into topiary balls. Amazing video as always, very helpful.
That sounds like a really interesting plant, not one I know well, thank you.
Heavenly bamboo/Nandina. I wanted to buy them too, but in my country (the Netherlands) they say the berry's are poison for wild birds. And I have a lot of birds in my garden, so didn't dare to plant them. But they are lovely.
@@jeancleo5505 Oh that's really interesting, in the UK it said that the berries is not toxic to birds and birds love eating them... Its such a beautiful plant tho, I too have lots of birds that visits now I'll have to keep an eye and see how it goes.
I have a faint memory of Nandina being unofficially "outlawed" up in North Texas. This was about 3 decades ago, and the reason was bcuz of it being invasive.
At the time, this plant had been a staple for housing developers to plant in the landscape, so yes, it was everywhere! But I do not recall anyone talking about the berries being harmful to wildlife! Very interesting!
Thank you for the video. The most beautiful color I have on a shrub is our blueberry 🫐 bush. It’s a lovely deep orange red color. Zone 5. It spent half the summer in sun and half in shade (potted and moved after berries).
Ah, blueberry, yes! Such a good shrub. And thank you.
I love autumn but here I Capetown its a very short season whi h makes me sad cause I ove crunching through leaves and looking at all the beautiful colours . Loved this vlog .thank you
Thank you! We really missed autumn when we lived in the Tropics, so I understand - at least you get a little bit!
There you are then....glad to see you.
Thank you!
Thank you as always Alexandra. You look especially autumnal in that lovely shade of burnt orange. Wasn't Lottie having a wonderful time in those clips! I'd say my maple, don't remember the variety for sure, maybe red sunset?, is probably showing the best color this year. The dogwood tree was quite a lovely reddish, purplish earlier but has pretty much darkened and faded out now.
Thank you - and yes, Lottie was enjoying herself. Dogwoods are so beautiful.
Great video Alexandra! Thank you. I have a huge beautiful maple tree in my back yard. In spring the leaves are deep purple then turn green until fall then purple again and finally oranges, yellows, and reds. My edible blue berry bush turns the most gorgeous pink red in fall and I have burning bushes that unfortunately are invasive and hard to keep trimmed but the red color in fall is incredible.
I just ordered burning bushes - please tell me you're not on the west coast of the U.S. 😳
@@folee_edge no I'm in Boston. When I moved into my house ten yrs ago the burning bush were only 3ft within 2 yrs they were 12ft and blocking my first floor windows. They are now illegal to buy here because they are terribly invasive. I have to trim them twice in the growing season and i cut them down to about 5 ft in the winter when then they are dormant. If I leave a branch on the ground they sprout a new bush. Then I also trim them in spring once they leaf out because they put on feet of growth. They get wider and taller very quickly. So if you plant near the foundation of your house keep them trimmed to a comfortable height for you. I spend hours trimming mine it awful and I dread it but they are pretty. Maybe the newer varieties are more tame. Good luck.
Oh, dear, yes Burning bush is considered invasive in 21 states, mainly north-eastern and especially New Hampshire, although it's quite widely sold.The main issue is when it escapes into the wild so not good if you live near a prairie. I try to remember to say when I mention plants that are invasive somewhere, but it's not always possible as plants that are fine in one place can be quite damaging somewhere else.
Thank you!
@@TheMiddlesizedGarden like you said what's invasive in one place is fine in another, so do not worry about that, it's up to us gardeners to pay attention. I inherited the burning bushes from the last owner, they do serve a wonderful purpose on my property and are incredibly beautiful but just a big pain in the butt to maintain. This time of year they are a joy and the birds love them.😊
My new addition to the garden is the viburnum opulus mariesii, gorgeous red fall colour. Another one is a barberry bush which is deep purple green during the summer and turns orange red in fall. Greetings from the Czech republic
I haven't seen the Mariesii but I imagine it's lovely. Barberry bush a good suggestion too.
Thank you for a wonderful color tour. We have Ginkgo Biloba, Cotinus 'Smoke Bush', Persimmon, Nandina(for the berries' color), Chinese Pistachia, Liquidamber, all contributing beautiful autumn color here in our warm winter southern California coastal property.
that's a wonderful list of plants for autumn colour.
Autumn colour has been quite late in London this year, maybe a sign of a hard winter ahead. After watching this just popped off and bought a Liquidambar.
Glad to hear you've bought a Liquidambar, they're lovely trees. But not looking forward to a harsh winter.
I strongly caution against the Liquidambar tree. It puts out spiky balls that, when you tread on them, make you spin your arms like a windmill and fall in ways sure to amuse the neighbours... Not only will you very likely twist an ankle on those spiky balls, but in the Spring, they come up as trees EVERYWHERE, adding to you garden work. You are better off getting a maple.
@@nlbhaduri 😂😂😂 thanks for the laugh
I have a Black Diamond Crape Myrtle that has beautiful foliage all summer and still holding on strong. I also love the colors on my blueberry bushes and Japanese maples. I just added some fothergilla (bottlebrush) that are known to have beautiful fall color and of course my smoke bush is always the star the of show.
Interesting! Another fothergilla fan, it's clearly a shrub I must get. And Crape myrtle is a beautiful suggestion, as is blueberry. Our smoke bush is fab, too, in autumn but wasn't quite into its full display (or affected by the wet weather).
Thank you Alexandra. I have a good many bulbs in the ground so I don't leave leaves on the ground because I don't want to step on things during the spring when cleaning-up.
Thsnk you again for an informative video.
Fothergilla gardenii (shrub) are great in my own garden for fall color. Not sure how common they are in the UK.
Perennials like smilacina (false solomons seal) and polygonatum (solomons seal) also contribute great fall color in the garden
I've just looked the Fothergilla up and although I'd never heard of it before, it's listed by the RHS, so presumably available here. Looks lovely, I'll keep an eye for it, thank you.
Some roses go bright burgundy, as do plum and cherry trees. Peony foliage also has beautiful fall colours. Wild strawberry as a ground cover plant is great, as it often stays partly green through winter even here in the North, and gives contrast to earth tones. I like rowan trees a lot because of the berries, they are widely used as carefree garden trees here in Finland, there are varieties with white, orange, pink and yellow berries too - and birds love them. In any case I'd avoid plants that drop their leaves very early, here the season is obviously so much shorter in any case.
P.S: Your garden looks gorgeous! So nice to see some autumn colours still, here all the leaves have fallen already.
Thank you, and I agree with you about peony foliage - I think it can be quite spectacular, but that's rarely mentioned on the label. Plum and cherry great too.
Thank you so much - gave me a lot to think about - I like when this time of year comes round - it allows to make changes in my garden - I shall be moving some plants - and making space for new plants and shrubs - I'm checking out standard rose's for my borders - it's so exciting - just love my garden - but having woods at end of garden can a lot of work with leaf fall - but once again thanks for a lovely video. Regards
Thank you!
Thank you. Very helpful
You're welcome!
Itea sweetspire, Cotinus smoke tree/bush , Parotia(amazing color) Redbud, really gets some nice color also ;) Another great video!
Oh, I agree, I love all those. Thank you.
I have an Amelanchier - very nice spring flowers, June berries (which the birds devour), and lovely fall color. Also have a Korean Stewartia, which is another small tree with lots of interest. Flowers in June/July after the leaves come out, brilliant fall color, and interesting bark. Enkianthus is a great flowering shrub with amazing fall color. Planted a Hepticodium last year, which hasn't flowered yet, but will have white flowers in late summer that turn to dark pink bracts. The leaves get a bit of burgundy flush. And of course Nandinas and Abelias have wonderful changing color year round.
That's an interesting and useful list of good autumn colour plants. The Korean Stewartia looks lovely.
@@TheMiddlesizedGarden You will most often see Japanese Stewartia, which is essentially the same tree. And the flowers look like camellias! Itea (dwarf Virginia Sweetspire) and Fothergilla, both small shrubs, also have beautiful fall color. I look for form, foliage, flowers, fragrance, and fall color, and plants need to have at least three of those for me to buy.
Excellent
Thank you so much 😀
Sarah Marti, good evening how are you doing? How's the pandemic situation over there in your country?.
This was very helpful. Update on the front meadow?
It's all bit of a muddle, and I have an interview booked with an expert but it's getting difficult to line up dates. But I will do something about it!
Terri Kim, good evening how are you doing? How's the pandemic situation over there in your country?.
I have a cornus kousa 'satomi' whose leaves turn a beautiful red colour (and in spring it has pink flowers, and eventually may produce little fruits, so lots of multi-season interest). I recently realised that a shrub that was here when I moved in is probably a 'midwinter fire' dogwood, so I shall be pruning accordingly next spring and hope to see more of the colour next winter. I also have a weeping willow that has wonderful draping yellow branches to contrast against the nearby evergreens. I think the contrast of colours is what is most striking in autumn, so I think the evergreens are as important in autumn as they are in winter.
Cornus kousa is so beautiful and the willow sounds wonderful too.
Are those new pines in pots I spy? They are stunning! 😍 Sorry to get off track talking about evergreens in your autumn color video 🙃.
Thank you! The pines in pots near the steps are dwarf pinus mugo and have been there for a while, although I think they rarely make it into the picture. And there are some junipers in the dustbin pots on either side of the bench.
Beautiful Garden❣I feel winter in the air. Maple leaves turn red in the autumn.
How can I get rid of all those fallen leaves?That is beautiful as is. Amazing 🌲🍃🍂
I use the lawn mower and then put them on the compost. I leave most of the leaves that fall in the border as they rot down nicely over winter.
Another great video Alexandra, thank you. I would recommend acers, even for tiny gardens. I have one in a pot and it's glowing in the shady corner just now. I love your virginia creeper! I am very tempted. I could do with some climbers to cover the ugly fences here but I'm just a bit concerned about the plants destroying the fences, as has happened in the past. Thank you for your tips.
Thank you! I think the Henryana virginia creeper would be fine on a fence, as long as you're happy to trim it 2-3 times a year to keep it under control. Also depending where you live, it's a good idea to check for invasiveness.
Lovely video Alexandra, thank you. I have a much loved small Acer in a pot, I adore the red colour of it, and a few cornus planted a couple of years ago which look fab this year. I think I'm going to have to think about a hydrangea now though!
Thank you!
We just planted 7 coppertop sweet vibirnum and cant wait to see their seasonal interest! Other shrubs we plan to get are red robin (red tip photinia), camelia, and ca frosty lilac. Zone 9b
I hadn't seen Coppertop, so I've looked it up, and it seems it's been bred quite recently with the hope that it will eventually be as popular as Red Robin. Indeed it's not clear how widely available it is in the UK, but it certainly looks interesting, thank you.
Thanks!
Thanks for the amazing video! I have been obsessed with Adrian Bloom's conifers and winter garden since I saw him on a BBC show. He does amazing year-round interest, and I would love your take on his Foggy Bottom garden. ❤️
Thank you so much, and I'll see if I can contact him!
Here in Norfolk, my neighbour has a Parrotia persica which I covet. Although his garden is in perpetual shade, it's glorious at the moment.
A parrotia in the shade? Does it get some sun?
@@LinusCello75 The top quarter does for about 4 months of the summer, and then only for a few hours, but it's surrounded by tall sycamores on 3 sides, and only open on its north face. It is spectacular against the dark woodland beyond.
Parrotia persica is beautiful, there was one in Charlotte Rowe's garden in this video, which I thought was lovely: th-cam.com/video/HtsqXEMeocM/w-d-xo.html
Very interesting never thought of plants for autumn foliage. However, am surprised with a beautiful blueberry bush bought this year and the hydrangea that I propagated. The cherry itree as expected specular as is the Acer in the pot.
I was surprised too the first time someone recommended blueberry for autumn foliage, sadly it doesn't do well in our soil, but it's a wonderful shrub.
Vivek Chowdhury, good evening how are you doing? How's the pandemic situation over there in your country?.
Do try Fothergilla. It suckers some, but is a wonderful shrub with bottle-brush flowers on the Spring.
Someone else recommended Fothergilla, which I'd never heard of but it looks interesting, thank you.
The most reliable, vivid color on trees for smaller/mid-size gardens in our experience are stewartias and flowering dogwoods. And for shrubs, fothergilla... All look great throughout the seasons, regardless of whether they are in bloom...
So interesting, a few people have mentioned fothergillas and I hadn't heard of them. I looked them up and they're beautiful. Also stewartias. I must get some, thank you.
The Virginia creeper is invasive here in Southern USA- awful
Pretty els-ware but not for me
Great video🌿🍁🌲🍂
I'm in NoVA and grow Virginia Creeper all over the railings on my second-floor deck. I adore it! It's early November as I write this, and it's just beginning to change from dark green to a blend of oranges and burgundies. When the vines mature, they produce berries that the cardinals, nuthatches, woodpeckers, bluebirds, and waxwings fight over. I do cut back whatever is getting out of bounds in early spring, but other than that, I let it be. My other favorite this time of the year is the native redbud, Cercis canadensis. It's losing its leaves now, but it was gloriously yellow for a few weeks. What do you grow further south for autumn color?
Thank you!
I planted Itea Little Henry this spring. But I don’t think I’m going to get the fall color like I had hoped. It might be in too much shade as the sun has shifted this time of year. Something I need to remember when I decide where to put things. Right now I have the red of my dogwoods and my Japanese maples are just starting to change.
Sounds beautiful, so lovely to be able to grow maples.
Hi! I love your channel so much!! Thank you for your videos!! 🥰 I wanted to ask you, can Viburnum Snowball grow in a shady border..? I planted my Viburnum in the pot at the moment, and I place it on the patio in the sunny spot!
Mine is in quite a shaded spot and it does well, so it's definitely worth a try.
@@TheMiddlesizedGarden Thank you soooo much for your reply!!🥰 That's why when I saw your Viburnum Snowball on TH-cam, I was inspired to buy it!!🙋☺️ All websites saying to plant Viburnum in sunny border, but my sunny border doesn't have more space for plants.. 🤷🤦 I am so happy to hear that your thriving in shade!!!!🥰🥰🥰 Happy gardening!!!! 🌹🌷✨🐈🌱🌱🌱🌱🌄🌈
Am I imagining this, or do you now know many more botanical names? They seem to roll of your tongue as thought you've been doing this all your life. A very secondary comment to another wonderful video, but it struck me. Oh, and thanks so much for the autumn weather color lesson. I've always been confused about that.
Thank you! I think some botanical names are getting more familiar - and I can't rely on common names because they're different in every country, so I do have to check them all.
Thank you for your videos. I would like to create a formal garden in NJ zone 7. I know most people use boxwood as hedges but I'm worried about blight. Are yew good alternatives or should I just go with boxwoods?
Thanks
We have had box wood blight over here for longer than you have, I think, and it is just not going away. In fact, it's still getting worse in spite of everything everyone does. So I would really advise against planting box. Here is a video with six alternative shrubs for formal clipping th-cam.com/video/QwTR7VjPokE/w-d-xo.html. Yew is probably the best and it's so beautiful.
How can I get your lists and videos at the end of the programme?
The recommended playlist should pop up automatically on the screen in the last minute of the video, usually in a box bottom right of the screen, so just click on that. You can also click on the description below the video, where it says 'Show more' on desktop or a little downward arrow to the right of the title (also below the video) on mobile. The description is where I put links to any resources I mention, such as other videos or websites. Here is the playlist at the end of the Autumn colour video: th-cam.com/play/PLrZRLHPUbGmBHdqhADpV-NfbIMyFFNQzY.html
Soil PH also affects autumn colour greatly with acidic soil producing much more intense reds and oranges.
Good point! Our soil is pretty neutral.
Dear Alexandra you did it again. It is not Fall in the UK or indeed any other English speaking country. Can we please call it Autumn.
There's a long history of this one - both 'autumn' and 'fall' originated in Britain, and both were used in the US, but after Independence, the two languages developed as differently as possible with 'autumn' and 'fall' being one of the best known divergences. I spent most of my childhood in South America, where US English dominates (I knew very few UK English speakers apart from my own family). For three years, I went to a school run by and from the United States (I think it may even have been owned by the US Government for political reasons), so common US terminology feels very familiar to me.
Kaaren Jukes, good evening how are you doing? How's the pandemic situation over there in your country?
Sweet gum trees with those awful spiny balls are the worst trees ever. Would never have them if I had pets who could step on them.