What is a Spool Valve?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 20 พ.ค. 2024
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Spool valves are found in almost every industry you can imagine performing a wide range of tasks.
Spool valves can be used in both hydraulics (where oil is the energy source) or Pneumatics (where the air is the energy source) and their job is to control the flow direction of the energy source by combining or switching the paths through which the oil or air can travel.
Essentially a spool valve is a cylinder inside a sealed outer case.
There are several chambers drilled through the case from one side to the other; these are commonly known as ports.
A spool valve can be operated in a number of ways, we could use a button, a lever or by way of a solenoid.
Whatever the method is chosen to control the valve, all that we are doing is simply pushing the spool to move within the housing, and by doing this we are allowing or blocking the path between the ports.
In some cases, there may be a solenoid at each end of the valve, whereas in others there is a spring return so when the solenoid is no longer pushing the actuator the spring will return the spool to its “normal” or rest position.
Imagine the example of extending a pneumatic cylinder using a spool valve.
The Pneumatic air supply is connected to the inlet port 1.
Port 2 is connected to the pneumatic cylinder extend connection.
Port 3 is unconnected as it is the exhaust port.
In the normal state without the actuator being operated nothing will happen as the spool is physically blocking the airflow at port 1 and the cylinder is retraced because ports 2 and 3 are connected due to the spool position.
So any air already within the system would escape to the atmosphere through the exhaust port. Let’s consider this the “normal” or rest position.
Now imagine we operate the actuator. We would see the spool position changes and the cylinder extends.
This is because the spool has moved position unblocking port 1 and simultaneously blocking port 3 resulting in allowing airflow from port 1 to port 2 while blocking the exhaust.
This is known as our working position.
The cylinder will remain extended until the spool is moved back to the normal position, either by way of another actuator at the opposite end of the valve or by an internal spring return.
In our example, this type of valve would be known as a 3/2 valve because we have 3 ports and 2 spool positions.
Spool valves are usually referred to by the nomenclature 3/2 or 5/3 etc., where the first number relates to the number of ports and the second to the number of different spool positions.
The blocking parts of the spool are known as “lands”, which are raised above the spool core; if these are made different in configurations they can change the way the port pathways interconnect.
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After watching so many TH-cams about 3/2 DCV, this is the most easy-to-understand video which really made me apprehend the concept of the spool operation. I am sure the upcoming engineers, technicians and students would find your explanation so interesting and understable. Thank you very much for the videos!
Our pleasure, glad to receive such positive feedback!
As someone who repairs industrial controls and instrumentation it is the little mini spool valve inside the positioner that is usually the problem when valve positioners fail to work and cleaning the spool valve which sometimes get "gummy" with some isopropyl alcohol so it can freely move you can save often save yourself the cost of repair or replacement
Many thanks for this video. I straggled to understand and remember the theory behind spool valves. In this condensed version i have grasped the idea and technical terms linked to it.
iHi Ziborgbe,
Great to hear that! You are doing a great job, keep up the learning curve!
Let us know if you have any questions along the way.
Thank you for the very clear explanation in the videos
Thanks a tons. This is one of the best way to educate next generation instrumentation people ,young engineers. Hat's off to you for such valuable uploads. Many thanks and all the best for you.
Hi Amit! thanks a lot for your kind compliment! We are always extremely happy to hear such positive feedback! If you ever have any questions, feel free to reach out to us. Happy learning!
@@realpars thanks a lot to your whole team. I am also in the field of process instrumenprocessyour uploads are very easy to understand the concept and quality animation and very precisely made thats great.
My liking is in home hi fi listening and audio electronics. Whenever i watch the process,plants rotary and control system and our instruments, most of time i like to relate it with any existing similar device or topology uses in electronic device or principles. Thus things get easy for me to understand the concepts and their importance. I this this way works great for me. Now i am in crude refinery. Like we use relay, contacter in electronic world as we use sov in pneumatic/ hydraulic world. Flow = Ampere , and potential difference or voltage = pressure , capacity tank = capacitor , pilot operated valve = mosfet.
Okay, are you an instrumentation engg. or an audiophile? Well cuz I'm both!
@@m4wesome me too both
@@m4wesome me too both.
Hi everyone !!! 😃
It's the first time I have tried to understand how the spool valves work. I just can say was very easy to understand and comprehend.
Thank you very much. 👍👍
Glad to hear that, Miguel! Happy learning
Thanks for this brief introduction of spool valve. I am from Hong Kong but now studying in Canada, studying automotive services. Alex
Glad it was helpful! You're very welcome
Great channel! Some period of time ago I started to work on the plant. I suggest that 95% of your videos are connected with real situations and very useful. Good luck!
That is an amazing compliment! Thanks a lot, great to hear that you are spreading the RealPars love! If you have any questions, always feel free to reach out to us.
Thanks a lot for your support!
As everytime this lesson is been wonderful.Thank you very much.(ln İstanbul)
Hi Oktay,
Thanks for your positive feedback! Happy learning!
I also appriciated for sharing these great animation with simple expression. Keep it up please
kindly add content that explains, how to control the speed of hydraulic cylinder using spool valves. Also please explain selection guidance for solenoid spool valves in the hydraulic application.
Thanks for your feedback, Randhir! I will pass this on to our creator team. Happy learning!
Great work as usual !
Thanks a lot! Happy learning!
Thanks for Great explanations!!!!! It will be helpful for my work and I will recommend this video to my colleagues!!
Awesome, thank you!
Thank you. Wanted to learn more about characteristics in general and understand differences of spool vs poppet wrt internal leakage. This helps.
Great to hear that!
Amazing video with clear explanation!
Glad you think so!
Best channel ever . ❤️
Thanks a lot, Ahmed!
Make a video on detail about the hydraulic and pneumatic system. Most informative channel on youtube.
Hi Tushar,
Thanks for the topic suggestion, I will definitely go ahead and forward this to our creator team.
Happy learning!
Very good visual explanation.
Thank you, Mongaldip!
Great video! Informative as ever.
Could you make a video on valve positioners next? I work with the Seimens PS2 pretty often and would really like to better understand how they work.
Hi,
Thanks for your comment. That is certainly a great topic suggestion, I have gone ahead and forwarded this to our course developers.
Thanks for sharing & happy learning!
crystal clear explanation, thanks!
Glad you enjoyed it!
Just what I was looking for, working on some of them
Great!
I really like your videos. Thank you so much! Good luck to you!
We're glad to hear that, Shuhrat! Thanks a million for sharing.
Another awesome video , thanks RealPars
Thank you so much!
Amazing information that you guys share !!!
Thanks a lot, Lanthony!
This is excellent stuff. Keep the coming!
Thank you, Alan! Great to hear.
I am always get confused about this..... now it's clear.... TQ
Great that we were able to clear that up for you. Happy learning :)!
Really good explanation!!!!
Thanks a lot, Leyanis!
thanks sir,we didnt hear like spoll valve good information sir
Great to hear that, Jermans! Keep up the learning curve!
Your videos are so much helpful.... Thnq
That is amazing! Thanks for sharing!
Nice video! Thank you for sharing.
Thank you, Javier! Great to hear that!
Thanks real pars...... it is useful.
Great to hear that, Muhammad! Thanks a lot.
Great educational videos, thank you
Thanks a lot, Amjed!
Great explanation
Thanks a lot, Akahs!
Thanks for the info. I was wondering what the spool looked like!
Our pleasure!
i love your videos.wish you million good luck.thanx
Thanks a lot, Brahim! Happy learning!
Spool valves I never hear this device
Thank realpars
Great to hear that you learned something new from our video course! You are very welcome, Derin! Happy learning.
are they any lifetime issues using solenoid spool valve for the hydraulics system? please explains to me the disadvantages of using solenoid spool valve?
Like any actuated valve, over time the spring will wear, break, or become deformed. The lifetime of a spool valve in hydraulic service should be quite long, but holding the valve open for long periods of time can cause the electromagnet to weaken, high pressures can cause seals to weaken over time, and hydraulic fluids can often become contaminated and cause corrosion. Good routine testing and maintenance of spool valves should keep them operating reliably for many years.
Thanks a lot. Are the 5/2 double solenoid valves built in pilot operated or direct? Or, are there both types?
Direct operated. The "spool" (solenoid actuator) changes position based only on the presence or absence of an electrical signal to the coil and sets the air flow path based on that position. There are pilot solenoid valves, where the solenoid electrically changes the position of an attached valve. But more common is a direct solenoid (spool) valve being used as the pneumatic pilot for a small 2-position valve.
What a channel
Thank-you sir...
You are very welcome, Vetri!
Excellent video...!!!!
Happy learning!
Nice video !
However i have and unrelated question,i struggle with reading hydraulic schematics and i have to be able to do it for my work.Do you have any recomendations as to where i can learn how to do this or videos i can watch to explain this ?I have no idea where to begin
Hello Barry,
Thank you for your question. I attached a link for you to try. Festo is an international company and they have a training department in the Didactic area. As far as I know, you can download simulation demos for free and some PDF books on their products that explain how to identify their product on prints and how they work in more detail. I think you have to register on their site first. Check it out. Happy learning!
www.festo.com/us/en/e/technical-education/product-catalogs-id_1654001/
really helpfull. thanks
Thanks for your support, Faiz! Happy learning!
Good explained.....😃
Thank you, Periya!
Good explanation
Thanks a lot, Gowthaman! Happy learning!
Great video, thanks
Glad you liked it!
Good information 🥰 you are great
Thanks a lot, Muhammad!
Great! Thank you so much!
You're very welcome!
Great video 😎👍
Thanks you, Eduard!
really I love your videos
Thanks for your support, Mohammed!
Nice tutorial
Thank you!
Great content.
Thank you, Danilson!
Great Video
Thank you, Levent!
Please make a video on servo valve. I am really want to know by your way.
Thanks for the topic suggestion, I will definitely go ahead and forward this to our creator team. Happy learning!
Very nice video keep uploading such videos
Thank you, Vedita!
Superb!!
Thanks a lot!
Thanks for such an Informative Video about Spool Valve. Hopefully, you will cover more stuff about Hydraulic and Pneumatics.
Is Spool valve is the other name of DCV?
Yes. In my experience, spool valve is more common when discussing hydraulic applications. DCV seems to be more common for pneumatic applications. But the terms are interchangeable.
Thank you .
Thank u so much..
You're very welcome, Saroj!
Sir in which software you use for that of presentation
Hi,
I am not sure about this as this is done by our graphic and animation department.
Too good, i think u should make video on FLR Regulator
Hey!
Thanks for your comment and your suggestion. I will pass this on to our course developers!
Thanks for sharing and happy learning!
tq sir
Nice video bro really good
Thanks a lot, Shubham! Happy learning!
U are awesome guys
Thanks a lot, Hussam! Great to hear that you are enjoying our content!
Respect
Danke!
Thank you so much, Amir!
Can I use a pneumatic spool valve to control a pressurized water control line?
What will happen if I do?
It would probably work, at least for a while. The issue is going to be the materials of construction of the spool valve. If there is a high iron content in the metal, corrosion will undoubtedly occur. For water, it would be best to use a solenoid valve designed for water service.
@@realpars Many thanks for the response. This helps.
do you have more videos about valves like this?
Hi Tepen,
Thanks for your comment!
Sure, we have a couple of free video courses covering valves. Feel free to have a look over here th-cam.com/users/results?search_query=realpars+valve
Happy learning!
@@realpars thank you sir.
May you live long
can i get a valve that allows the pneumatic piston to go back and forth by itself with no human imput except to start and stop the process without electrical power?
You can certainly get pneumatically-actuated valves, but you will still need something to generate the actuating signal. For this to not be an electrical signal, you would need a human to switch the signal on and off using a directional hand valve. But I am not aware of any device that will toggle on its own.
@@realpars thanks..is there a way to do it using its own power ?
I'v been facing an issue with these spool valves, we use them for press boards, so it's consistently opening and closing, and sometimes when the control relay isn't energized from the PLC, the spool valves stays energized which creat a descrepancy, so i had to disconnect everything, unplug the coil, from the valve to reset everything.
Statements:
1- iv found the coil too hot
2- the coil resistance is close to the value of the data sheet, around 0.9ohm
In order not to stop the production, i had just to replace everything, but not really find what's the problem ?
Any common issues with these valves to know. Thank you
The symptoms you are describing are indicative of undersized (power rating too low) spool valves or valves that are not rated for the operating pressure. If the spool valve is too small or is not rated for enough power to move the valve freely between positions, the plunger can bend, causing the valve to stick or the coil to overheat. If the coil is in the energized position for a long time, it will heat up, so a heavy-duty coil will need to be specified. Also, make sure that the electrical requirements for the spool valve coil match the power supply. Since a spool valve with an AC coil looks the same as one with a DC coil, make sure the model you have installed is correct. I have seen this happen quite often, and a mismatch of power type will definitely cause overheating.
@@realpars thank you for these precious clarifications. Will review and apply the modifications.
Master Mind!!
Thank you!
If I may ask, please.
Is it possible for you to send a couple of Trainers overseas to train Plant Automation Personnel for a few weeks? Is it also possible for you to provide Expat Automation services hands-on?
Hi Adolf, I just double checked with our technical team regarding your request. This might be something we can consider. You can send us an email to hello@realpars.com to discuss this more.
Good
Usefull
Thank you!
Make a video on MPCB,MCB
Thanks for the topic suggestion, I will definitely go ahead and forward this to our creator team. Happy learning!
Is spool valve is same as directional ball valve??
No, not exactly. A ball valve requires an actuator to open. A ball valve is a mechnical device used to block or allow flow, but it needs an actuating device, whether it is an operator handle or a spool valve (solenolid valve). For an air-to-open valve, the spool valve allows air into the actuator chamber, which allows the valve to open and allows are to vent to close the valve.
Sir What is the difference & where to use 3/2, 5/3,4/2 valves
The instances where you use each type of valve configuration depends on your specific application. A 3/2 valve is typical used for on/off applications like a block valve with a spring -return actuator. The 3/2 valve has three ports (air in, air to actuator, and vent) and 2 positions (essentially, to-actuator, to-vent). A 5/3 valve is often used for actuating one of two valves, with a third position available for no actuation. A 4/2 valve is often used with double-acting spring actuators, which require air to open in direction 1, and air to open in direction 2.
Thank you sir
Thanks realpars, please can you go more details in the programming that can be used to cause a motion using spool valve.
Presently, I'm finding it difficult to write a program that can give a stroke movement to a machine using 5/3
A 5/3 spool valve (or DCV) typically has three positions that are controlled by the state of 2 solenoid valves. Let's call these solenoids A and B. So position 1 would be the center position, with both A and B de-energized. Position 2 would be A energized, extending the spool away from A. De-energizing A will cause a spring to return the spool to the center position. Position 3 would be B energized, extending the spool away from B. De-energizing B will cause a spring to return the spool to the center position. The action of each position depends on the port arrangement and spool design as well as how you have connected the air tubing. Refer to the manufacturers diagram for this information. In the PLC, you would have logic that does three things: Move the spool to position 1: A and B outputs OFF; move the spool to position 2: A output ON, B output OFF; move the spool to position 3: A output OFF, B output ON.
Please add fault Finding Videos also
Hi Shashikant, thanks for the topic suggestion, I will definitely go ahead and forward this to our course developers. Happy learning!
Request to explain proportional valve and it's control from PLC analog output.
A proportional valve moves based on the output from an analog output card in the PLC. At 4ma output, the proportional valve will be closed (0%). At 20ma, it will be fully open (100%). So proportionately, the valve is 25% open at 8ma output, 50% open at 12ma output, and 75% open at 16ma output.
@@realpars ohh thaanks so much
Sir ur explanation is vry gud to understand but the subtitle hiding few diagrams & display.
Thanks for your comment and feedback!
I will make sure to forward this to our team.
@@realpars Tq for consider my request sir
Please put sub title below picture in presentation. Because of this issue I am not able to see the animation fully. It is spoiling the purpose of the video. Thanks for your valuable effort
Thanks for your feedback, Bala! I will pass it on to our team.
DCV
Directional Control Valve
Real pars provide any online classes for learning plc.
Hi Sai,
We have a complete course library filled with over 400+ video courses which you can follow online at any time you want.
Feel free to have a browse through our course library to see which topics we cover at the moment. bit.ly/30ZrxWq
Happy learning!
I asking about professional training in online.
What is the difference between sliding spool valve and simply spool valve
As the video showed, a Spool Valve is used to control the direction of flow of the energy source by combining or switching the paths through which the oil or air can travel. Spool valves are used for directional flow control. The term "sliding spool valve" is common when describing spool valves used for hydraulic control, since the "spool piece" that slides from one position to another resembles a piston. There is really no difference in meaning, except sliding spool valve usually infers a hydraulic application.
Hello, I am a student, i am searcing for tools for making such kind of animated video for project work. If you share any help, it wold be greatful
Hi Mandar,
Thanks for your comment!
I am not sure about this as this is done by our graphic and animation department.
@@realpars ok thanku :)
How do we know the spool is broken?
If the valve is "fail closed", the valve likely will not close when de-energized. If the valve is "fail open", it likely will not open when de-energized. The actual resulting action will be determined by the pressures of the fluid on the plunger, keeping in mind that the plunger will not respond to the coil action if it is broken.
good
Thank you!
Done it again
👍🏻
control system
wow
One videoo control valve?
Hi there,
Thanks for your comment!
We have the following video course on Control Valve th-cam.com/video/KtsiM1st0KA/w-d-xo.html
Happy learning!
I never hear this name spool valve
I know it it by distributer valve
Medical devices use spool valves. That so far is what they called them.
We call them solenoid valves
Please make subtitles transparent or at the very most bottom.its obstructive to see the videos.
Thanks for your feedback, I will make sure to pass this on to our team.
I really need Indonesian subtitle
Hi Budi,
Thanks for your comment! We currently only provide our course videos in English, you are always able to turn on the English subtitles as that might make it a bit easier for you.
Our apologies for any inconvenience!
Happy learning!
Ohh................., you are making it too easy to understand