Comparative Politics | Nature, Scope & Approaches | Undergraduates
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 6 ก.ย. 2024
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Introduction:-
Comparative Politics covers the study of political experience within more than one nation-state for the purpose of making systematic comparisons. Within comparative politics, there are two main approaches, the cross-national approach and the area studies approach.
The study of comparative politics involves conscious comparisons in studying political experience, institutions, behavior and processes of the systems of government in a comprehensive manner. It includes the study of even extra-constitutional agencies having their immediate connection, open or tacit, with formal governmental organs.
It is, therefore, concerned with significant regularities, similarities and differences in the working of political institutions and in the patterns of political behavior. In simple words, we can say, Comparative Politics involves a comparative study of various political systems either as a whole or through a comparative analysis of their structures and functions.
Evolution of Comparative Politics:
Since times very ancient, Comparative Politics has been a very popular and useful subject of study within the broad ambit of Political Science.
Aristotle observed the working of 158 constitutions and used the knowledge for answering such questions as:
Which is an ideal state? Which can be the best practicable state?
Which is the best constitution?
Aristotle’s path was followed by his admirers, and the tradition still continues.
It can be stated with certainty that right from the days of Aristotle, comparative study of political institutions, governments and processes has been developing as a major and popular area of investigation with a large number of political scientists. After Aristotle, several political thinkers-Cicero, Polybius, Machiavelli, Montesquieu, J.S. Mill, Bagehot and others, used the comparative method in a highly productive way.
In the 20th century, the ancient tradition received a systematic use and development at the hands of a large number of political scientists, particularly, Ogg, Zink, Munro, C.F. Strong, Herman Finer, Almond, Powell, Blondel, A.R. Ball, Colelman, David Apter, S E Finer and others.
In the Western world, Comparative Politics came to be regarded as an autonomous discipline. Several scholars of the Third World countries (New States) got engaged in Comparative Politics studies and the exercise still continues. Comparative Politics continues to be a very popular area of study. The increase in the number of sovereign independent states has made the task more interesting as well as challenging.
In fact, in contemporary times, the importance of Comparative Politics has increased tremendously. The existence of 193 political systems and some non-state political entities in the world has greatly enlarged the scope of Comparative Politics. The need to build a scientific theory of politics and the potential of Comparative Method to serve this end has been mainly responsible for its increased importance.
With the passage of time, the experience and knowledge gained helped the development of Comparative Politics as a vitally important and popular subject of study. Several developments of the post-war era greatly revolutionized this area of study. Consequently, it came to be regarded as an autonomous subject, of course, within the broad ambit of Political Science.
The traditional objective of deciding the best forms of government came to be replaced by the objective of systematic and comparative politics studies for comprehensively, realistically and precisely analyzing and explaining all the processes of politics.
From a legal- institutional study Comparative Politics came to be transformed into a behavioral, process- oriented, functional and scientific study of all political systems in terms of their structures, functions, environments and development processes. This attempt continues even today and Comparative Politics continues to be a popular and highly productive area of the study of politics.
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