we wrap the exterior of our hives with black roofing paper, aka tar paper, as a wind break and the dark color abosrbs heat in the winter, so it helps , thanks, eric.
white sugar is refined, and to me and many beekeepers, its fine to feed to bees. raw sugar also known as demerra or turbinado sugar has a brownish cast. brown sugar, as its known to most people, is refined sugar that still has the molasses in it, or refined sugar that has molasses added to it.
@wbj509 good question, but no, the sugar is food for them to eat in winter, honey is made from nectar they collect, honey cannot be made from any sugar you feed them. thx, eric.
Hi Bounty, there are myriad opinions on the use of sugar for feeding bees, but from what I understand, its best to use white sugar. I realize many people want to be as natural as possible with their honeybees, but this is one of those times where a refined product is better. thx, eric.
good to hear, i use this candy board type sugar cake to overwinter the bees and it works well. and it takes care of the humidity in the beehive too. thx, eric.
Great vid... I was mentored by an old Appalachian BeeKeeper who taught to feed bees sugar water out of a mason jar. The inner cover had a hole cut in the center with wire mesh covering it, the jar was inverted on the hole, a vent box was placed on the inner cover which the lid went on. The ratio is 2/1 in the winter and 1/1 in the spring. I made some of your sugar cakes tonight , Fingers crossed that it works here in Virginia...
the essential oils have been shown to have a positive effect on the overall health of the hive. If you do a search for Bee Culture Magazine and 'essential oil' you should find their article posting the results of tests done. thx! eric.
I just made this candy with lemon grass and spearmint and it tastes great. I might save some for the bees. I never knew that 1 fluid ounce weighs 1 ounce until I saw this video; thanks Eric.
are you using a zipper type plastic bag with sugar syrup in it to feed your bees? if so, you put the bag on top of the upper super of the beehive, and then carefully cut a few small cuts or pinholes on the side of the bag that is facing ** UP ** you want to allow the bees to feed on the syrup in the zip plastic bag, but not have the pinholes or cuts so large that the sugar syrup drains out of the bag. you don't want the sugar syrup do drip on to the bees, it can kill them in cold weather.
Thank you so much on the tips! My husbands father was an etymologist and my son has his love of insects, I am so thankful for the availability of You Tube. Being able to talk learn and ask questions what a blessing. I want to make sure they are well fed and happy. Question?? So if the sugar is feed to them while making honey this is not good?? Pardon, my imply I am a NEW BE-E =) Pun intended..
7.5 oz, you utilized, but started it out in a measuring cup in a fluid volume, but the 7.5 oz you actually utilized was by weight. By weight vs by volume has a big difference depending on the liquid or solid being weighed. The accuracy of the sugar to water ratio can be improved if grams vs oz are used as each ounce will need to count more grams before jumping to the next numerical value. Best to use all by weight in regards to the water and sugar and find a recipe that utilizes both in that measurment. When water one is measured with volume and another by weight, you will have vastlt different results. This example can be seen in simple syrup, candy, and sorbet recipes, in which a accurate water, sugar, temperature, and cook time must be adheared to. Tip on using the same container to weigh product, weigh the dry, then weigh the wet, no need for a measuring cup, which can aid in an individual confusing and not understanding the differences in measurements by weight and volume.
Hi, I believe your sugar may be extra wet because it needs another # of sugar--for years now, small bags of sugar weigh four (4)# not five (5). Another thing, Lots of recipes use WINTERGREEN oil instead of spearmint oil. One the plus side, I enjoy your manner, so you are pleasing to learn from. Look forward to seeing all the new things you will learn and, in turn, share with other first year bees like me. Thank you so much for sharing.
I'm not knocking the sugar water method. It has worked just fine for years, but it is labor intensive. The jar lids are proped. Up, and you have to heat the mixture and be careful not to carmelize it. With your method I was done in no time... Going to make a shim so I can place the cakes on the brood frames...
GardenFork, Your approach, your presentation, along with your significant other's inflective questions makes this video work. Thank you for this bee video. I will check out your other vids, for sure. Do you also use bee food patties, in addition to your sugar cake? Love Bees, theOZer
MzClementine it makes the food more appealing and tempting for the bees... think of it as if I serve you a nice ribeye steak seasoned with just salt and pepper, and then in a other plate another ribeye with salt and pepper also but on top some rosemary herb... which one would attract your palate more?? I hope that analogy can help... and also I hope you are not vegetarian hahahaha :-)
can this be done with out the essential oils? i have a new hive that is weak going into winter,i have been feeding them sugar water but they are about done taking that. should i wait to put these in near the end of the winter? or put them in the beginning?
+GardenFork thank you! i am enjoying all your videos! i am thinking about trying your newspaper with sugar on top method and maybe the insulated inner cover. it will not bee as cold here in the winters as where you are, but i am in the mountains of western NC. some of my hives are new and weak, we are about to start winter. any other ideas or thoughts?
+MrMrsregor i would put a piece of insulation above each inner cover, and invert the inner cover so the entrance is easier to use by the bees. so above the upper super you will have: upside down inner cover styrofoam insulation outer cover. the dry sugar method work well thx.
Bounty B. Wolf I believe you are correct my friend. I am from Puerto Rico and we grow cane sugar there and we have a machine that squished the sugar juice from the cane plant and bee keepers in the island use it to feed the bees and they love it... you don't have to add any water or any sugar because the plant is the actual cane sugar plant and it's completely natural. And you can get so much sugar syrup from just one cane. I live in the state of Washington and I am going to bring some sugar cane to a bee keeper friend that I have here so that he can feed the bees natural sugar cane syrup straight from the plant.
i am using a soft patty type of cake .. it has a gummy consistency and it doesnt drip .... i was told to cut a large opening and place it on top of the frames .. opening facing down ... i left it opening facing up and i worry that the bees might have to walk a few centimeter to get to it instead of just "reaching" up to get to it ...
hi guys i'm emil all the way down here in the little karoo,south africa, where we do polination on crop such as lucerne and cabbage,beetroot,onions,spring-onions we started feeding our bees(sugar suryp externally) in june which we dont normally do , but we thought that this will prepare them for the aloe ferox crop and later on for fynbos crop it was so hot and eventually when the rains did come it destroyed the chances of a harvest and some of my hives just "fled" and on top of that more failures such as no honey extra,do i feed or not,and the period since mid december we had temps of 35-45oC (95-113oF) and last winter ingot to the coldest recorded winter her in the mornings 19.4oF
I found it best to put a shim in the center of the hive where the cluster is. The shim has a 3/4 inch hole for inserting pieces of sugar and pollen patty. I can also monitor the size of the cluster simple by looking in the hole. We've had two very cold winters in the past. Bees need to eat and putting the food on the top part of hive out of reach really does no good. The bees have to break cluster in order to eat. I have stopped using corn syrup. I find it difficult to work the sugar. I've been using a candy thermometer and following recipes to make the sugar soft and roll-able. Do you have any experience making the sugar that way?
+Peaceful Mind i have found the sugar cakes on the top work just fine in our hard winters. i know use they dry sugar method, which is very easy: th-cam.com/video/ao0gpORl-Ak/w-d-xo.html
So you have no experience making a sugar that is roll-able? I hear and read about winter losses and mite losses. I'm starting my third winter with bees and I'm not having the same problems most beekeepers are having. It seems to me that most beekeepers do the same practices. I've been thinking outside the box with great success.During cold weather bees cluster. By providing food in direct contact with the cluster, they're able to eat. I currently have 11 hives in my house, nucs I started in mid Sept..I'm able to do indoor hive inspection and check status of the hive. Basically, I'm bees 24/7 365 days a year.
@gardenfork I'm in ny and I'm in love with beekeeping and I would love to start a hive myself but I'm a complete newbie. if you need extra hands I would love to help and observe. I soak up all the knowledge from your videos.
can someone help me by telling me HOW to place the bag in the hive? ... should it be turned upside down (the opening facing the frames) or just anyway as long as it is close to the bees ? i am a total beginner so excuse the lack of terminology and total cluelessness
In my humble opinion, the best and most natural way of feeding bees is getting sugar cane (the actual plant) from Puerto Rico or Florida and squish the plant until you get all the sugar juice out and then use that to make the cakes dehydrating the liquid so that you only get the thick sugar liquid. That way you're only feeding them completely natural and raw sugar from the actual plant...
i can see that, but in practical terms for hobby beekeepers, this works well. i now use the moutain camp feed method, watch here: th-cam.com/video/ao0gpORl-Ak/w-d-xo.html
Looks like you have a lot of great videos and a personality to go with them..Now that it is late fall I'll have some time to check them out. I have over 100 hives and raise queens in Western Washington State. I appreciate the time it took to make these videos and will share your link with my customers and friends. My recipe for sugar blacks calls for cider vinegar instead of water.. with electrolytes with vitamins. Facebook page..look for Miller Compound Honeybees and Agriculture
LauriMayM4926 Hello friend. What part of Washington do you live in? I live in Zillah which is in Yakima County. If you make comb honey I would like to buy some from you....
GardenFork Thanks! We are on our first year with 2 hives and your videos have been very helpful. We made it through winter, and they are healthy and happy :)
I believe in eating organic. So I avoid most commercially produced sugar which is made from sugar beets. Most sugar beets are genetically modified. I am wondering if this is something to be concerned about...
There are people who say feeding bees in winter is not the best thing for the hive: It keeps the bees from naturally paring their own population down in winter; the pH of sugar is different than with honey and of course, the natural nutrients found in honey and pollen are simply not present in sugar. Good? Bad? Who knows for sure. Ask a 100 people and you get 100 opinions, seems like. I'm feeding my bees a good hard fondant of (inverted with vinegar) cane sugar. So far, so good but this has been extraordinarily warm winter, so far, here in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. This is my second year beekeeping and my 2nd hive. I lost my first hive to moisture accumulation. This year I'm using a Vivaldi board and some cedar chips.
exactly! ask 12 beekeepers a question and you will get 13 answers. i no longer use sugar cakes, i use the dry sugar, aka, mountain camp feeding method, and i use this simple insulation setup for condensation: th-cam.com/video/Ns-M-2z2Iic/w-d-xo.html thx!
I use less than probably 10% of the water you use. You need just enough water to get the sugar to dampen the sugar to get it to clump into a giant sugar cube. This way, it only takes a couple of hours to harden for use.
Brandi Mathis yes, its a big lump of sugar. I am now using the mountain camp sugar feeding method, its even easier. do not feed the bees brown sugar, it has molasses in it, not a good thing for the bees.
Contrary to common opinion, "essential" oils don't help (or harm) the bees. Large-scale studies have shown that "essential" oils are as effective as doing nothing in every aspect of bee health. However, the scent attracts the bees to the sugar and they seem to be more likely to eat it than to drag it, grain-by-grain, out of the hive for disposal.
Blaine Nay That was precisely what I learned about Lemon Grass. I do bee extractions, and Lemon Grass is good for attracting the bees. I can also use Fischer's Bee Quick to help clear areas. It doesn't work for very long, but those are two methods for (lack of a better word) herding bees from one area to another. I'm kind of new so I don't know anything about Spearmint. Is there anything that you can tell me about that?
matthew breen that's true, but there is 2 types of brown sugar... one is brown sugar with molasses which is bad for the bees, and raw brown sugar which is straight from the cane sugar plant. That one is the best because it has no additives or preservatives
we wrap the exterior of our hives with black roofing paper, aka tar paper, as a wind break and the dark color abosrbs heat in the winter, so it helps , thanks, eric.
white sugar is refined, and to me and many beekeepers, its fine to feed to bees. raw sugar also known as demerra or turbinado sugar has a brownish cast.
brown sugar, as its known to most people, is refined sugar that still has the molasses in it, or refined sugar that has molasses added to it.
@wbj509 good question, but no, the sugar is food for them to eat in winter, honey is made from nectar they collect, honey cannot be made from any sugar you feed them. thx, eric.
Hi Bounty, there are myriad opinions on the use of sugar for feeding bees, but from what I understand, its best to use white sugar. I realize many people want to be as natural as possible with their honeybees, but this is one of those times where a refined product is better. thx, eric.
good to hear, i use this candy board type sugar cake to overwinter the bees and it works well. and it takes care of the humidity in the beehive too. thx, eric.
hi robb, good to hear. make sure the shim is not too deep or the bees will build burr comb in it in the spring! eric.
good to hear. be sure to supply all the hives with sugar syrup asap, they need food to build up the hive. let me know any questions, eric.
Great vid... I was mentored by an old Appalachian BeeKeeper who taught to feed bees sugar water out of a mason jar. The inner cover had a hole cut in the center with wire mesh covering it, the jar was inverted on the hole, a vent box was placed on the inner cover which the lid went on. The ratio is 2/1 in the winter and 1/1 in the spring. I made some of your sugar cakes tonight , Fingers crossed that it works here in Virginia...
the essential oils have been shown to have a positive effect on the overall health of the hive. If you do a search for Bee Culture Magazine and 'essential oil' you should find their article posting the results of tests done. thx! eric.
@hogkillerjp thanks for watching, bunch more bee vids on our TH-cam channel, eric - GardenFork
I just made this candy with lemon grass and spearmint and it tastes great. I might save some for the bees. I never knew that 1 fluid ounce weighs 1 ounce until I saw this video; thanks Eric.
are you using a zipper type plastic bag with sugar syrup in it to feed your bees? if so, you put the bag on top of the upper super of the beehive, and then carefully cut a few small cuts or pinholes on the side of the bag that is facing ** UP **
you want to allow the bees to feed on the syrup in the zip plastic bag, but not have the pinholes or cuts so large that the sugar syrup drains out of the bag.
you don't want the sugar syrup do drip on to the bees, it can kill them in cold weather.
yes, caramelized sugar is bad for bees, the beauty of this method is you are not heating the sugar, you are just adding some water.
Thank you so much on the tips! My husbands father was an etymologist and my son has his love of insects, I am so thankful for the availability of You Tube. Being able to talk learn and ask questions what a blessing. I want to make sure they are well fed and happy. Question?? So if the sugar is feed to them while making honey this is not good?? Pardon, my imply I am a NEW BE-E =) Pun intended..
This is food for winter time so no honey is produced when this is put on hope this answers your question cheers
7.5 oz, you utilized, but started it out in a measuring cup in a fluid volume, but the 7.5 oz you actually utilized was by weight. By weight vs by volume has a big difference depending on the liquid or solid being weighed. The accuracy of the sugar to water ratio can be improved if grams vs oz are used as each ounce will need to count more grams before jumping to the next numerical value. Best to use all by weight in regards to the water and sugar and find a recipe that utilizes both in that measurment. When water one is measured with volume and another by weight, you will have vastlt different results. This example can be seen in simple syrup, candy, and sorbet recipes, in which a accurate water, sugar, temperature, and cook time must be adheared to. Tip on using the same container to weigh product, weigh the dry, then weigh the wet, no need for a measuring cup, which can aid in an individual confusing and not understanding the differences in measurements by weight and volume.
+Mark Machus exactly. thx!
Hi,
I believe your sugar may be extra wet because it needs another # of sugar--for years now, small bags of sugar weigh four (4)# not five (5).
Another thing, Lots of recipes use WINTERGREEN oil instead of spearmint oil.
One the plus side, I enjoy your manner, so you are pleasing to learn from. Look forward to seeing all the new things you will learn and, in turn, share with other first year bees like me. Thank you so much for sharing.
Hi, I noticed that bags of sugar come in 4 lb bags. How do you adjust the formula?
Put 4/5 the amount of water.
I'm not knocking the sugar water method. It has worked just fine for years, but it is labor intensive. The jar lids are proped. Up, and you have to heat the mixture and be careful not to carmelize it. With your method I was done in no time... Going to make a shim so I can place the cakes on the brood frames...
GardenFork, Your approach, your presentation, along with your significant other's inflective questions makes this video work. Thank you for this bee video. I will check out your other vids, for sure. Do you also use bee food patties, in addition to your sugar cake? Love Bees, theOZer
theOZer Style i've been adding pollen patties in late winter to the hives, it makes a difference, i think, thx! eric.
Thank you for your reply. I am a rookie beekeeper and your bee vids are most helpful. Again, thank you for your TH-cam vids. Love Bees, theOZer
Good video. Your audience is a nice touch.
What purpose is the lemon grass oil and spearmint?
by the way what is that material you are using to cover the beehives? ... is it waterproof?
May I ask.. What does the lemon grass and spearmint do for the bee's? =)
MzClementine it makes the food more appealing and tempting for the bees... think of it as if I serve you a nice ribeye steak seasoned with just salt and pepper, and then in a other plate another ribeye with salt and pepper also but on top some rosemary herb... which one would attract your palate more?? I hope that analogy can help... and also I hope you are not vegetarian hahahaha :-)
Would the essential oils add flavor to the honey?
This was great! I LOVED her questions! ❤
can this be done with out the essential oils? i have a new hive that is weak going into winter,i have been feeding them sugar water but they are about done taking that. should i wait to put these in near the end of the winter? or put them in the beginning?
+MrMrsregor you can do this without the essential oil, and put them in now. thx!
+GardenFork thank you! i am enjoying all your videos! i am thinking about trying your newspaper with sugar on top method and maybe the insulated inner cover. it will not bee as cold here in the winters as where you are, but i am in the mountains of western NC. some of my hives are new and weak, we are about to start winter. any other ideas or thoughts?
+MrMrsregor i would put a piece of insulation above each inner cover, and invert the inner cover so the entrance is easier to use by the bees. so above the upper super you will have:
upside down inner cover
styrofoam insulation
outer cover.
the dry sugar method work well thx.
+GardenFork thank you!
Question:
I have been thinking that using raw sugar would be even better since it has not been processed as much as the white sugar. Am I correct?
Bounty B. Wolf I believe you are correct my friend. I am from Puerto Rico and we grow cane sugar there and we have a machine that squished the sugar juice from the cane plant and bee keepers in the island use it to feed the bees and they love it... you don't have to add any water or any sugar because the plant is the actual cane sugar plant and it's completely natural. And you can get so much sugar syrup from just one cane. I live in the state of Washington and I am going to bring some sugar cane to a bee keeper friend that I have here so that he can feed the bees natural sugar cane syrup straight from the plant.
i am using a soft patty type of cake .. it has a gummy consistency and it doesnt drip .... i was told to cut a large opening and place it on top of the frames .. opening facing down ... i left it opening facing up and i worry that the bees might have to walk a few centimeter to get to it instead of just "reaching" up to get to it ...
hi guys i'm emil all the way down here in the little karoo,south africa, where we do polination on crop such as lucerne and cabbage,beetroot,onions,spring-onions we started feeding our bees(sugar suryp externally) in june which we dont normally do , but we thought that this will prepare them for the aloe ferox crop and later on for fynbos crop it was so hot and eventually when the rains did come it destroyed the chances of a harvest and some of my hives just "fled" and on top of that more failures such as no honey extra,do i feed or not,and the period since mid december we had temps of 35-45oC (95-113oF) and last winter ingot to the coldest recorded winter her in the mornings 19.4oF
First year urban beekeeper and made my first surgar cake. The temperature is dropping.
What essencial oils do you use and why must you add them to the feed?
I found it best to put a shim in the center of the hive where the cluster is. The shim has a 3/4 inch hole for inserting pieces of sugar and pollen patty. I can also monitor the size of the cluster simple by looking in the hole. We've had two very cold winters in the past. Bees need to eat and putting the food on the top part of hive out of reach really does no good. The bees have to break cluster in order to eat. I have stopped using corn syrup. I find it difficult to work the sugar. I've been using a candy thermometer and following recipes to make the sugar soft and roll-able. Do you have any experience making the sugar that way?
+Peaceful Mind i have found the sugar cakes on the top work just fine in our hard winters. i know use they dry sugar method, which is very easy: th-cam.com/video/ao0gpORl-Ak/w-d-xo.html
So you have no experience making a sugar that is roll-able? I hear and read about winter losses and mite losses. I'm starting my third winter with bees and I'm not having the same problems most beekeepers are having. It seems to me that most beekeepers do the same practices. I've been thinking outside the box with great success.During cold weather bees cluster. By providing food in direct contact with the cluster, they're able to eat. I currently have 11 hives in my house, nucs I started in mid Sept..I'm able to do indoor hive inspection and check status of the hive. Basically, I'm bees 24/7 365 days a year.
@gardenfork I'm in ny and I'm in love with beekeeping and I would love to start a hive myself but I'm a complete newbie. if you need extra hands I would love to help and observe. I soak up all the knowledge from your videos.
Hi, i wanted to know why is better to use sugar blocks rather than granulated sugar? its easier for the bees to eat?
can someone help me by telling me HOW to place the bag in the hive? ... should it be turned upside down (the opening facing the frames) or just anyway as long as it is close to the bees ? i am a total beginner so excuse the lack of terminology and total cluelessness
In my humble opinion, the best and most natural way of feeding bees is getting sugar cane (the actual plant) from Puerto Rico or Florida and squish the plant until you get all the sugar juice out and then use that to make the cakes dehydrating the liquid so that you only get the thick sugar liquid. That way you're only feeding them completely natural and raw sugar from the actual plant...
i can see that, but in practical terms for hobby beekeepers, this works well. i now use the moutain camp feed method, watch here: th-cam.com/video/ao0gpORl-Ak/w-d-xo.html
Looks like you have a lot of great videos and a personality to go with them..Now that it is late fall I'll have some time to check them out. I have over 100 hives and raise queens in Western Washington State. I appreciate the time it took to make these videos and will share your link with my customers and friends. My recipe for sugar blacks calls for cider vinegar instead of water.. with electrolytes with vitamins.
Facebook page..look for Miller Compound Honeybees and Agriculture
LauriMayM4926 Hello friend. What part of Washington do you live in? I live in Zillah which is in Yakima County. If you make comb honey I would like to buy some from you....
When do you remove the sugar cakes? My bees are real active collecting pollen now, should I remove the cakes?
ricor43 yes, you can remove the cakes now, just make sure they have plenty of food.
GardenFork Thanks! We are on our first year with 2 hives and your videos have been very helpful. We made it through winter, and they are healthy and happy :)
I believe in eating organic. So I avoid most commercially produced sugar which is made from sugar beets. Most sugar beets are genetically modified. I am wondering if this is something to be concerned about...
Great video!
There are people who say feeding bees in winter is not the best thing for the hive: It keeps the bees from naturally paring their own population down in winter; the pH of sugar is different than with honey and of course, the natural nutrients found in honey and pollen are simply not present in sugar. Good? Bad? Who knows for sure. Ask a 100 people and you get 100 opinions, seems like.
I'm feeding my bees a good hard fondant of (inverted with vinegar) cane sugar. So far, so good but this has been extraordinarily warm winter, so far, here in the Willamette Valley of Oregon.
This is my second year beekeeping and my 2nd hive. I lost my first hive to moisture accumulation. This year I'm using a Vivaldi board and some cedar chips.
exactly! ask 12 beekeepers a question and you will get 13 answers. i no longer use sugar cakes, i use the dry sugar, aka, mountain camp feeding method, and i use this simple insulation setup for condensation: th-cam.com/video/Ns-M-2z2Iic/w-d-xo.html thx!
what about the spring ?
not sure what you are asking here ?
I use less than probably 10% of the water you use. You need just enough water to get the sugar to dampen the sugar to get it to clump into a giant sugar cube. This way, it only takes a couple of hours to harden for use.
So essentially you are making a giant sugar cube. Would feeding them brown sugar result in a different flavor of honey?
Brandi Mathis yes, its a big lump of sugar. I am now using the mountain camp sugar feeding method, its even easier. do not feed the bees brown sugar, it has molasses in it, not a good thing for the bees.
great video thanks.
Good, straightforward. Just "cute enough" ... the dogs were a good touch.
Interesting!
That's way cool...
LEMON GRASS NOT NEEDED ,OR SPEARMINT
Contrary to common opinion, "essential" oils don't help (or harm) the bees. Large-scale studies have shown that "essential" oils are as effective as doing nothing in every aspect of bee health. However, the scent attracts the bees to the sugar and they seem to be more likely to eat it than to drag it, grain-by-grain, out of the hive for disposal.
Blaine Nay That was precisely what I learned about Lemon Grass. I do bee extractions, and Lemon Grass is good for attracting the bees. I can also use Fischer's Bee Quick to help clear areas. It doesn't work for very long, but those are two methods for (lack of a better word) herding bees from one area to another. I'm kind of new so I don't know anything about Spearmint. Is there anything that you can tell me about that?
isnt it better to feed bees with inverted sugar?
i don't think so, but on the internet you are going to get all sorts of 'experts' telling you what to do. regular sugar works fine for us. thx, eric.
Why don't you just add your sugar to gelatin?
S W E E T !!!!!
Keep the info and updates growing our way :-{}
Chuck Norris ;)
actually white sugar has additives raw sugar doesn't and raw sugar is brown
matthew breen that's true, but there is 2 types of brown sugar... one is brown sugar with molasses which is bad for the bees, and raw brown sugar which is straight from the cane sugar plant. That one is the best because it has no additives or preservatives
@crcaccounts To help control pesky varroa mites.
👍🏾👍🏾
100% Sugar cake... mmmmm...