Culture-Gene Interactions in Human Origins
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 14 ต.ค. 2024
- How cultural traditions have shaped, and continue to shape, our genomes with presentations on Genomic Basis for Dietary Shifts during Human Origins (Gregory Wray), Adaptations to Human Adult Milk Intake (Sarah Tishkoff), and A Nutritional Basis for the Spread of Indo-European Languages (Henry Harpending) [6/2012] [Show ID: 23904]
More from: CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny
(www.uctv.tv/carta)
Explore More Science & Technology on UCTV
(www.uctv.tv/sc...)
Science and technology continue to change our lives. University of California scientists are tackling the important questions like climate change, evolution, oceanography, neuroscience and the potential of stem cells.
UCTV is the broadcast and online media platform of the University of California, featuring programming from its ten campuses, three national labs and affiliated research institutions. UCTV explores a broad spectrum of subjects for a general audience, including science, health and medicine, public affairs, humanities, arts and music, business, education, and agriculture. Launched in January 2000, UCTV embraces the core missions of the University of California -- teaching, research, and public service - by providing quality, in-depth television far beyond the campus borders to inquisitive viewers around the world.
(www.uctv.tv)
![[DRIP] ‘Love, Maybe’ PREVIEW](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/U7hwHp95m1k/mqdefault.jpg)
Great presentation, makes so much human history and migration clear.
There is a big difference the way nomadic people use milk and the way the milk industry markets their milk to the world!
Nomads never destroyed milk to manipulate it's price on the market
One correction, the PIE people did not domesticate the horse. The horse domestication event is via the extinct Botai culture in current Kazakhstan. However, as with any great advance, anybody that was part of the greater horizon of this important domestication event would have followed suit.
Uhhhh Botai were Indo European
the milk energy data was very interesting
I found all 3 talks quite interesting. I hadn't heard it suggested before that the reason humans have greater cognitive ability was our diet source of meat and dairy. I don't know where that takes us with the widespread availability of multiple vegetables and fruits that we didn't have 200 years ago are available nearly worldwide. Will we evolve or de-evolve with this relatively quick dietary change?
The problem we're now having is, we have the calories to support a large complex brain but we're using that brain for far less than ancient people did. The result I suspect is that we're actually getting less intelligent over all. Our knowledge database is larger due to storage technology and over specialization, but individual people need to know far less to live than we did even 1000 years ago. Our cognative ability is actually decreasing.
Wonderful video! I love how each speaker seems to reach the same conclusion: lactose tolerance was a major part of human evolution.... and consumption of dairy. The last speaker states the Europeans came from neither hunters and gatherer nor dairy producer genetic lines. So from where did they come?
They eat shit!? They eat each other!? I know, they ate sushi!
Barbaric and backwards horse tamers - coincidentally, this was the USSR's view of most people who lived east of the Urals.
Inbreeding. Their lack of diversity suggests it
All of this is speculation , for dollars, I call this the Al and Greta show send money, more new stuff next published book . Send money we are all gonna die
You mention culture and genetic changes but what about environmental change driving both genetics and cultural changes? You have to study all three together.
Remarkable, how adaptable the DNA molecule is. It responds to *so* many different kinds of environmental forcing in a way that optimizes its exploitation of that particular environment.
The premise of the video seems to be that culture can effect genetics, not just the other way around. That's hardly a premise that requires defending. Sexual selection among humans fits firmly in that category. Culture is part of environment. If environment can affect genetics - which is more or less the bases of evolutionary theory - it goes without saying that culture does. It's implicit.
Also, IE languages share words for milk? Let me just run through a few I know: milk (English), bainne (Gaelic), lait (French), Milch (German), llaeth (Welsh), latte (Italian), leche (Spanish). Yes, English and German have the obvious similarities, and Welsh has a lot of Romance loan-words, hence llaeth/lait/latte. "Bainne" (say "bah-nya") is completely different! "Cheese" has more similarities, though: cheese, caise, fromage, kaese, caws, fromaggio, quesa. I'm not sure what happened with French and Italian, but the rest all sound the same.
It seems the germanic languages have milk from another indoeuropean root, hmelg, while greek, latin and the romance languages have milk from the root glákts, gláktos (latin lactis, greek gala). Many other IE languages have a word from at least one of these roots.
At this point none ov these terms need apply.... as the animals are not what they used to be...due to GMO, hormones, antibiotics, radiation, less minerals in vitamins in soils, grain fed vs grass fed. I guess we're back to a planet of apes...if we're lucky enough.
HUM lactose enzyme generally goes defunct after about 4-6 years for the non North European. But, that doesn't explain why so many Europeans are developing this lactose intolerance.
lactose intolerance might be the result of the condition not causing death anymore. I mean, if prehistorical europeans had only milk to drink, the chances of surviving without the genes to tolerate lactose would be horrible. It might be due to migration from non-europeans too.
modern words for concepts do not necessarily come from the same ancestral root word, and the same ancestral root word doesn't have the same meaning in descendant languages. you also can't tell what relationship a word has with another word just by thinking about the modern terms. there are types of sound changes that are known to have happened at various times to different languages and without knowing about these changes you can understand the relationships.
it's like you're looking at some piles of powder and deciding what chemical they're made of by comparing their colors.
but Mosco Monster is almost on the right path. the missing elements are the rules of sound changes. the germanic, slavic, and baltic come from the root word "hmelg", and this is more noticeable because they retain the "m" at the start.
the greek and romance languages also come from "hmelg". this is less noticeable because these languages retained the end consonants of "hmelg", the "lg". in the romance languages, a vowel was inserted between the "l" and the "g", resulting in the latin stem "lact-" (in both the "m" group and the "lg" group the "g" turned into the unvoiced stop consonant equivalent of "g", "k". stop consonant voicing changes are common, with p b, t d, and k g; so is replacing one with two, like latin turning the voiced stop "g" into the unvoiced stop cluster"kt").
depending on which language you go with from latin, you might keep the "k" and end up with "leche" or you might keep the "t" and get "latte" and "lait". and as "lait" shows, you might get rid of that "t" when you pronounce the word, similar to what happened the "hm-" that was in "hmelg".
"fromage" and "fromaggio" come from the latin word "formaticus", to shape something, in this case, it was shaping milk into cheese ("formaticus caseus"). sometimes a word for part of a process of doing something becomes the word referring to the thing that is created by the process, and nouns turn into verbs and verbs turn into nouns all the time.
i'll let you figure out "bainne". i suspect the "nne" is related to the "hm", and the "lg" was dropped.
Very interesting! I know about some sound changes, but not really that far back and really couldn't see the similarities between "lat"/"lech" and "melk" until you explained them. I know some words in Gaelic beginning with "m-" can come from proto-Celtic words beginning with "b-" (for example, something like "boroch" [morning], which became "a boro" and then "avory" [this morning] in Welsh, but "am barach" and then "am maireach" [tomorrow] in Gaelic), but I don't know about it happening the other way since the m->b is a smoothing from the definite article.
Having seen dietary changes in the 19th and 20th Centuries in countries like Italy, China, and Japan have resulted in large populations which had remained short of shorter for a very long time. All of a sudden, Western foods, milk, etc., meat and others I can't project, introduced into the mentioned cultures and suddenly people who might be an average of 5 feet 6 inches tall, started to get taller on average, not only just like Americans and Brits for example, but much taller more quickly. Out of the blue, Filipinos and Chinese suddenly are producing occasional persons who are six feet, six inches tall, or even seven feet tall, such as the Chinese basketball player who played for Houston in the NBA. Within a very few number of generations, whatever was suppressed, with certain nutrition in this different diet, has quickly led to populations whic hare much taller. This also occurs with women rather than just men. Taller women have started to appear much more frequently. The added nutrition is there, but which ones of them triggered a latent gene rather than a recessive gene, could have something to do with it. Fascinating also that bigger bodies are developing with more energy demand, what happens to the general IQ's of these individuals as the energy to the body increases the demand for energy and therefore offers just a bit less energy for the growing brain size and other aspects of higher brain thought, flexibility, intuition, etc., mutiple traits which lead to inventions, etc. AF
All of this is speculation , for dollars, I call this the Al and Greta show send money, more new stuff next published book . Send money we are all gonna die
In general the more capable the brain is the less can't sustain an athletic body.
Fantastic! Brilliant explaination...
As much as I enjoyed it, the presupposition that austrlopithecine dietary changes were culturally motivated was never really clarified. I just wanted to hear why we know it wasn’t due to other pressures, like changing environment, for example
I love the research on MILK from cows....(goat milk & camel milk are important, too!) Another side project would be in researching CHEESE which is variation of milk. Another key sugar to study is ALCOHOL !! Beer & wine & other distilled spirits !!
⚡⚡The Przewalski's horse although wild now... was domesticated in the past. The asian people used it's MILK, cheese, meat, & labor to boost its way of steepe life.
Am I the only one who is expecting the narrator to tell me to back out of all of my browser's, and to restart windows
thank you
Genes have to interact with a environment to give a trait
Marja Gimbutas ( YT ) gives the right answer of early culture
5:00 is that still valid?... I thought I read somewhere, that many scientists where beginning to believe, that humans developed their bipedalism not in the Savannah, but on watersides of streams and lakes (where they where hunting fish, which also helped their brain development - so the diet changed there as well, before ever moving on to the Savannah ) ?!? - and thus, the next step from "living on trees", as was hinted at, would be shallow waters, not the Savannah.
Aquatic Ape hypothesis perhaps. If so, not a recent idea and still controversial and not widely accepted. Evidence is showing that many traits we consider to be the hallmark of humans developed very early in our transition from our last common ancestor with the other great apes, with the exception of the brain. This is leading to the idea that it is not so much brain size that is the key to our success as much as it is how the brain is organized [personal thought].
Agimaso Schandir thnx for the answer... I think I saw a documentary (so much for the "read somewhere") a few years back that presented that thesis like it was beginning to dominate the discussion...
And yes: it sounds like that was what I was referring to!
I did not ask for brain-size though, nor make statements about it :P
And, btw.: before you disregard the size in favor of the organization, you have to consider the surface, which is more important than pure size anyway. Neanderthals had bigger brains than we did, but with, as far as I remember to have learned, less surface area; they are believed to have had less intelligence than our ancestors, though differences in separation of roles (they seemed to be a less sexually dimorphic species?) might rather be the key to why we ousted them...
PyrrhoVonHyperborea
Sorry, I know you did not mention brain size, I just segued rambling into it.
Agimaso Schandir Yeah, that's what I thought... I was just at a loss for a moment, what you wanted to address with that; even considered re-reading my own post for I could not remember something that would fit for the hack of that, which would be totally against my laziness-principle :D
I guess everyone rambles sometimes; other than those, that never have anything to say, o/c ... - and o/c: other than Stoics!
rose white errr.... yeah... because the bible is for sure the *real authority* on human evolution and science as a whole :D
Talking snakes and bushes, arks to put the entirety of this worlds fauna in, parting seas, visions: I guess it does not get any more factual than this, a'aight? :D
And of/c: world being created in 7 days, eve being cut from Adams rip, the entire human species (any species, actually) developing from a single pairing (oh, that incest; all that incest!)... I mean: who does not get an orgasm when reading this does not enjoy pure factual wisdom, right?
sorry, gal ^^
I do not come from a country where bible literalists are *anything but* laughed at ^^
PS: funny thing you are trying to proselytize a confessing skeptic; a *skeptic* , of all people! - but it's not like you learned much; probably don't even know who Pyrrho[[n] of Elis] was and what he stood for...
So: don't tell me about "switching on a few brain cells" (oh, actually "switching a few brain cells on" - does not sound right though... but hey: gotta quote you "right" , right?), when *you* are the one living in the darkness that is ignorance. Go, read a real book for a change!
So how come both of my first languages (English and Gaelic) are Indo-European, but I can't drink milk? As far as we can tell, my family's ancestry is entirely Celtic, with a little bit of Scandinavian thrown in for good measure... yet none of us can digest milk properly.
not everybody gets the gene:-( I don't think I have it either and most of my ancestors are Irish, Scottish and German.
Maybe you just like to fart.
It's a numbers game, i.e. a broad statistical measure. Your experience is a single anecdotal data point in a sea of other data points. Broadly, the retention of the lactose digesting enzyme past childhood is *prevalent* in northern Europe, but that does not mean it is present in every individual, just a majority of them - as the presentation made clear, with pie charts indicating proportions of lactose tolerant individuals in the populations studied. In addition, there are other reasons for a failure to digest lactose: your family could carry a spontaneous mutation that has turned off the lactase promoter gene. Other individuals may be unable to digest lactose from birth and require feeding with specialised formula - something that would have almost guaranteed a failure to survive infancy in the past. This research looked at a limited number of genes that promote lactase production past childhood and noted that there are undoubtedly other genes at play, for instance in the Hadza, in whom they found ~50% were able to digest lactose despite not carrying any of the lactase persistence genes they had identified. Conversely, there will be a number of reasons that individuals can't digest lactose due to other genes at play. The human genome is vast, complex and multifactorial. We understand only a fraction of its effects and interactions with itself and the environment so far. Be thankful for lactose free milk in your local supermarket and a reduced reliance on dairy products for caloric intake in the incredibly privileged time in which we live!
At 21:40, when showing major migration routes time map, I think it's apsurd! Modern man, according to time labels on the map, came to Middle East 100.000 years ago, even spread to Australia 40.000 to 60.000 years ago, to Altay mountines and Siberia 50.000 years ago, north east of Europe 40.000 and even to Alaska 35.000 years ago, south America 13.000 years ago. All that despite Toba eruption reset and very cold periods, especially at Siberia/Alaska. What is most apsurd is that the map shows that Homo Sapiens got to Balkans from Middle East just 10.000 years ago!!? By just walking 5 hours a day, you need less than 3 months and to cross few hundred meters of sea at Bosporus or Dardanelles - much less than few hundred kilometers, at least, between Java/Sumatra to New Guinea/Australia. And the weather conditions at Balkans were fare less harsh than any northern.How to believe anythig said after that showing map? It's not serious
Migrating, not taking a walking tour. A group of people, not hikers. Traveling along the coast with a food source readily available and were expert at getting, fish.
And their motivation for heading into the Balkans; don't know. My speculation is that they were probably looking for the source of the rising sun to begin with, thus another reason for the direction they followed at first, then later on to find uninhabited land.
What were the weather conditions like in the Balkans 10,000 years ago, or 100,000 years ago?
The map was regarding modern Homo Sapiens. As opposed to archaic Homo Sapiens, who had been in Europe for longer than 10k years. Not to be confused with Neanderthal, Heidelbergensis, etc...
They have not found any widely accepted evidence, like bones, of Homo Sapiens in that region. It is surprising.
*****
Aris Pouianos' son Nickos had an article on it this past Feb. [www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology-opinion-guest-authors/new-information-petralona-skull-controversy-001380]
It isn't challenging evolution, it is trying to challenge the out-of-africa hypothesis.
The Petralona skull is general acknowledged to be real, but its age has not be defiantly determined.
*****
I am not so much aware of the political infights (the articles I read did not mention this) of Poulianos. What I defer to is other scientists work.
What I find distressing in cases like this is forcing something to be evidence for something contrary without explaining an alternate hypothesis. Say the Petralona skull is of a more modern hominid, how do you explain the other evidence that says it isn't?
If you are a serious paleontologist, then much of your own methods and tools used were also used by other paleontologists to come up with the present mainstream explanation. How to explain the different results?
A great read ....Species with Amnesia by Robert Sepher.
Good perspectiva anthropogeny!!
subtitulen the vidios a spanish.
i think that if an infant human is thriving from milk, both from the mother and supplemented through pastoral means, the child will be less likely to lose the gene to process galactase; whereas in a non pastoral society, when the child stops weening, the gene would not be overrun, and they would lose the ability to process galactase.
That is not how genetics work :)
Im dubious: Im from Oklahoma, and thats right next-door to Missouri…
Are you not there from Dubia?
Mdebacle Noah’s daughters in law, huh? Can you prove that?
Native American Algonquin and Old Norse were said to share 43% of words if you broke down the syllables in an Algonquin sentence according to a book wrote many years ago....Does anyone remember the title? and or Author?
there have been many mythical associations between the Norse and the Native Americans of the northeast portion of North America. there is no relationship between Algonquin and Old Norse.
the Norse-Natives idea has some relationship to reality, with the Norse having lived in part of North America for 400 years or so (southwest Greenland), are known to have had a temporary site at the northern tip of Newfoundland, probably got into violent disagreements with the natives of the Labrador coast, and likely traveled as far south as Nova Scotia.
but the exaggerated "Norse in North America" is a belief that has it's roots in racism and colonial history. relatively complex settlements and other structures were found in NE North America. they were mostly abandoned before the English arrived as diseases introduced by the Spanish arrived a century before the first English settlers. there were also existing myths about the Norse or the Irish making trips to North America at the time. if you combine those myths with a belief that the primitive savages that you are busy slaughtering and robbing of their lands couldn't possibly be sophisticated enough to make anything more complicated that a stone tipped arrow, you get the creation of the myth that these abandoned towns and monuments were made by the Norsemen who sailed across the ocean and down the St Lawrence River into the Great Lakes (this was Algonquin territory) and down the Mississippi.
then in the 19th century, the northern Midwest, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and the bits of Canada to the north were colonized by settlers from Norway and Sweden. they were very happy to spread the idea that they were reconquering the lands conquered by their ancestors nearly 1000 years before.
next, you make some fake artifacts with Norse style runes or other Norse artifacts like bits of jewelry or weapons, that you "find" accidentally...
Very well spoken+perfectally cromulent, however the open exploratory source is easy to trace and would be the Red River down to the Minnesota River first before the Mississippi, and as to artifacts there are more than just trinkets and copies in and around MN, and they are more than just fur trader tech. I know 2 people who have found relevant items that would not be copied or known about en mass. Problem is they picked them up and destroyed what context and confidence insitu provides. I myself have found a used saddlehorn mortar and ballast stone which came back from the lab with it's % of minerals only found in se Norway, yet I can not find other examples of the mortar dating prior to the 15th century in either Native Culture or Norge. As to the language, Algonquin words are complex and each syllable can mean something specific. Even breaking these up phonetically into individual words I have not been able to confirm for myself that Norge was the root, but I am a novice and will read the text from earlier this century that made that claim of 43% compatibility.. I am lucky, I am an advocational that does not have to worry about job security due to my voiced "flight of fancy" and shall not worry about peer review until proof is insitu before me and the state Archy has taken over. If I find no windmills, it sure was a fun ride and worth every moment.
perfectally cromulent As to the 400 year settlement in Greenland, it was thought to end by about 1408AD with an aprox population of 4000 people who just up and left leaving no forensic proof of what happened according to the Vatican, yet a small number of domesticated animals were still running feral. In L'Anse Aux Meadows, it is thought per sagas, that Lief Erickson's brother was killed by Natives in retaliation for killing the braves that were sleeping under the boats. There is also being explored the settlement on Baffin Island, though the firing of the director a couple years ago and the politics involved has set that back. Just fyi...Look at the gorgets the Native men wore, then compare a Thors Hammer necklace. That may be enough to encourage comparisons between Native oral traditions and art to Nordic traditions. 82 families in Iceland have DNA tracing back to North America
perfectally cromulent Curious, your avatar appears to be Crow Nation, at least here on my little 7" tablet screen. If it is or Lakota, both of those would be more likely the cultures here in the midwest around the time of 1000AD, and the Algonguin speakers still further east. If you are versed in Crow or Dakota tradition, compare the adventures of Red Horn and his friends (also called Morning Star) with the red haired giants and also how Red Horn married one of the red headed women giants after the game. Also, look at Algonguin origin tradition and where and how they arrived here on Turtle Island. Not proof of course, but it is amazing how the coincidental connections start to pile up as you become aware or open to the possibilities. Thanks for letting me babble on, Cheers!
I have a hard time getting excited about it talk that begins with a mission statement.
They mentioned " a small amount of innerbreeding with archaic human beings " but at some point meny modern humans were half and half, be it a vary long time ago.
A) genes and genetics have been over hyped.
They code for internal amino acid machinery. Epigenetics and morphic fields are in control of cell morphology.
B) Humans are ape/pig hybrids. Hence the difference in fat regulatory genes and fat morphology.
C) "Archaic" Neanderthals? Is this a subjective assertion? The implication, of cause, is that we are their superior. This prideful boast is debatable.
Arthur Robey: archaic just means older. Evolution has no implication of superiority apart from relative adaptability. Homo sapiens have smaller brains, but are much more cooperative than Neanderthals. Who were highly intraspecies aggressive, to the point of regular cannibalism.
Hey Galactose! Does that mean I have milk Silver Surfing in my gut?
Balkan is the Old Europe. Check for Lepenski Vir late paleolithic cite at the Iron gate of Europe and Vinca neolithic culture.
you are from the Urals... the Romanians are the ones heirs of that culture.
Oh please...Read recent genetic discoveries...try with EUPEDIA. You may think about Cucuteni culture but it was all the same culture group connected to Lower Danube Valley...You are childish if you try to make any analogy between present population of Europe and some people who were living here where I have just said...It is a fantasy to believe that some present nation or even ethnic group is so strictly connected to haplogroups such as I, R1a or E-v13 which have been present and involved in events of that time...Matter a fact, people who came in latest migration from Poland(not Ural :)) at 6th and 7th century so called South Slavs are mostly those who came back to their ancestor s land of Balkan, considering they had broth I and R1a chromosomes within themselves. Try not to be a narrow minded...you better educate yourself at last a bit in this sense of genealogy and archeology...However, It s not all clear yet so we have just got a glimpse of prehistory period and if we want to be real, we will have to work more on the field of science and to be patient...I am glad if I have helped you to understand better this subject...So Eupedia is the right place for you to help you put all pieces together...God bless you son
Marjan Vukovic I don't think that shows that SouthSlaves returned to where they had been before. It means that pre South Slav populations stayed were they had always been and merged with the people who migrated from the north.
If you check up the origin of I2a and R1a Y chromosome haplogroups at Balkan and Eastern Europe you will see what am i talking about. There were far more migrations from the Middle East into Old Europe comparing to those from the north. I see you suggest some migration from the north but reject migration from the East.
Marjan Vukovic Oh no. Migration from the East has been more pervasive than migration from the North, genetically speaking, without doubt. Migration from the North however has been influential concerning language and ethnicity however.
puzzle: presenter said lactose persistence gene is in a non-coding part of the genome. Is that not an oxymoron?
+Roedy Green I think you misheard. She said the genetic variant that affects the expression of the gene is found in a non-coding part of the genome. The gene for lactase expression is there, but one mutant nucleotide can turn off or keep on the gene. It just happens to be in a non-coding area. And it's probably a good thing too. If it was located on some gene, the variant could negatively affect that gene.
You can have a functional working lamp in one room, yet you can install a switch in another room. The switch does not need to be on the lamp. Likewise, the switch does not need to be on the lactase gene.
It's a lot easier to add a switch somewhere else than to completely re-engineer a lamp to include an internal switch. And putting the switch in a place that doesn't interfere with anything else in the room would be a good idea too.
Look up difference between genome and exome.
Before each gene is a promoter section, a series of "if" statements. The promoter sections don't code for proteins, they regulate WHEN to read this gene.
Henry Harpendig. you have very outdated information.
You are not reading newest (since 1990ties) archeological, genetical discoveries. We have evidences that
Domestication of animals, agriculture and cheese production had place in Central Europe even 5000 BC (archeology) and at the same time we have evidences of ontinuity of settlement (genetics). And that is in contradiction with your thesis about indoeuropean migration.
Do either of you have sources for your claims?
Glad that this theory and all the speculation around it has since been demolished by the Sep 2019 DNA analysis report by a team that included this speaker. Looking forward to the truth now, and a more plausible narrative.
Why does he assume the causal arrow of evolutionary change goes from culture to genes? In a comparison of Chimps and Humans, our genes led to culture that is fundamentally self-destructive. Humans cultures near universally tend towards destroying the basis of their own existence. Homo Sapiens are almost certainly an evolutionary dead-end, whereas in the absence of humans, chimp genetic inheritance catalyzed a culture that is suited to thrive in its environment. The mal-adaptive changes in human behaviour is evidence of their own biological failure.
Lol what lies, the Indo-European expansion started out from Central Asia not Europe.
No not Siberia but from Central Asia (Afghanistan, Kyrgzstan, Western Kazakhstan) and they were not mixed.
@Siberian Hunter No paper says that and R1a originates from the steppes near Kyrgyzstan where the Aryans lived, that its not Siberia.
"indo -" suggests the Indian subcontinent and language also supports that movement.
You don't know where the word married comes from but tamils do.
It wasn't just diet. Again propaganda saying that we evolved to eat vegetarian diets. So not true.
Chimps never left their original environment. So unless they are looking at ancient human DNA BEFORE and then AFTER humans left the Savannah and began eating a more vegetarian diet then these results are invalid. Comparing to chimps is ridiculous. Humans separated from chimps long long before humans began eating vegetables. AND humans NEVER stopped eating meat.
Lecture on Proto-Indo-European is so basic it's embarrassing; and at times either obsolete or erroneous, as in the argument from words for milk.
had to laugh when he claimed the semites did not have word for milk. the semite have been writing highly complex literature since the recorded history but they did not have word for milk quite absurd! lol
it's called latest academic research, don't joke ;)
i dont think i've seen a single intelligent comment in any UCTV video, ever
Do you mean 'in' the narrative accompanying each presentation? Or do you mean 'in' the comments made here by the YT viewing public?
I think there are, how about that the talk about proto language shifting into India being false as words arrived through the use in trade, Romans, Vikings etc were all traders. You had the silk road etc. Genetics now is the real science providing verifiable proof of gene spread. India etc was settled long before indio Europeans, its possible that huge amounts of archeology is off the shores of India showing humans there while Europe was covered during the last ice age.
I think that your thoughts are a jumble. Certainly the sub-continent of India, as it is called today, was colonised by Homo-sapiens as the migrated slowly northwards out of Eastern Africa, probably along the coast and along Nile valley. So They would have reached the sub-continent millennia before the emergence of PIE. Remember, PIE is a modern concept to attempt to explain how modern languages relate to each other and thus to some very ancient 'origin'. It does not describe a people per se. During the last great Ice-age Europe was indeed covered by ice sheets and frozen 'tundra'. DNA research suggests that there were two major 'refuges' where peoples continued to survive: one in the southern balkans and the other in southern Spain. These peoples then 'migrated'/'expanded' north along the Atlantic coast and the great river valleys (Danube, Rhein, Rhone..) when the ice-age began to retreat. What language these people spoke is unknown and never will be known but it was not related to PIE. It as been suggested that the Basque people of north-eastern Spain and neighbouring France might be descended from these original peoples. DNA analysis shows that today 's Europeans come originally from Asia north of the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. It is thought that these people brought into Europe a language (a variant of PIE) which provided the ancestor of all modern European languages. Clearly I have simplified to make my point. Other peoples from Asia migrated to other places: India, China, Arabia etc. and took PIE variants with them: Sanskrit is a descendent for an example. Finally it is true that languages change as people mix. Sometimes a whole people displace another people and thus the language is changed wholesale (think Australia and its native population). At other times a people migrate and subsume the existing population who then 'learn the new language' (the Germanic invasion of Britain replaced Celtic with Saxon/Frisian Germanic) and yes people borrow words constantly through trade and interchange of people and ideas.
Chris - You may really enjoy Dr. R. Sopolsky at Stanford......start with "Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers", for fun, then move to his classes at Stanford and many talks. He even mentions the often forgotten FEMALE led Bonobos v. the Chimps! He teaches with humor and genius. This guy is BORING!!
He ought to be put in jail for distorting the truth knowing hybrids are inferior
44:19 "Proto-Indo-Europeans, has lots of words for milk. Proto-Semitic, the ancestral language in the civilizations of the Middle East, doesn't have any words for the milk" Akkadian it's the first recorded Proto-Semitic language: šizbu "milk", nāš šizbu "milk carrier", hurhummat šizbi "milk foam" etc. What's wrong with this guy?
Well, he's talking about Proto-Semitic, not its descendants.
Looking at that Akkadian word you gave and comparing it with Arabic and Hebrew, the three words don't appear to be cognates, which would be consistent with his assertion.
Carl Friedrich Gauss What are you talking about "consistent with his assertion"?
Those IE words: engl. milk, latv. piens, armen. kat’, alban. qumësht, latin lac, greek gála seems to be cognate for you?
***** Ok, yes, you're right for the proto-Semitic stuff. He was wrong in that there is no reconstruction.
en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Proto-Semitic/%E1%B8%A5al%C4%ABb-
What's interesting is that the proto-Semitic form stayed exactly the same for Arabic.
That was indeed a grave mistake for him to make. He should be more careful.
i thought semites recorded every thing they did they sure seem like it in there books lol half the bibles boring details i bet in the original text milk pops up a few times. ud think if 1 is going to mention semitic languages 1 would have read the abrahamic storys lol. idk i lived with a turk for abit but didnt pick anything up meh it'll all be english soon enough but hey thats progress apparently. i speak bits of about 9 langages an iv noticed western cultures hates diverse languages like semites hate diverse sexuality lol. u mean the guy at about the 40min mark right? fella keeps saying ireland?. ireland is an island if hes talking ethnicity he means gaelic or culture he means celtic he dont know shit about a lot of what hes saying. plus he called my people backwards huh id love to see hes forward 2 words secular law we had it 2,000yrs before it was cool lol.
Ri dan Unfortunately, he's way of thinking it is still tributary to obsolete aryan racial theory...
I have chosen a cow as my leader. I'd like the Supreme Cow to dominate the world. Long life to the Supreme Cow.
You have no idea how much of a reality this is
What nonsense. Lactose intolerance is common in Finland, something like 15 %. That s just a bout the worst situation. If most people are intolerant it is not really an issue as lactose is not part of normal diet.
+Burhan the Somali BS She made a direct claim that in Finland 99 % are lactose tolerant. Btw Indo-Europeans are a language family, not a genetic one.
Dunno, but it felt like there was no new information in this. Only some peanuts, which could be told in a 5-10 minute Ted talk. What a waste of time, especially with the last speaker.
nice.
Mr. Henry harpending
He dosent say any thing directly
We know that Scythians destroyed Roman empire is he talking about that ppl What he try to proved i dont get
I'm not sure about your timelines. Both the Scythian's and Roman's ancestors were Indo-European. Also, the Scythian people were not responsible for the collapse of the Roman Empire.
Wrong!!!! They've discovered Human Origins are not out of Africa and at the least not out of East Africa like they've claimed for a long time! I wish they'd quit implying their Opinions and just release the Data and Facts because they've done alot of damage!
So... where is your data? Where do humans come from?
The out of Africa theory has been debunked since 2014...for Caucasians anyway.
Juan Pablo Soto Rojas he doesn't have any. He's an obvious racist troll.
wrong, this theory has not been debunked. Not a single person with your claims has any credible source, it's just hear-say
İlk emilen şey süt. Emilk - Milk . "Em" means "Suck " . "İlk" means "First"
Nature or nurture? Yes…
Last speaker was not good in presenting his information. Disjointed facts.
Who are we? A species genetically created.
What are we doing here? Mining gold, for aliens.
Where did we come from? Aliens.
How did we get here? Aliens.
Where are we going? To other worlds eventually. Also we will one day discover how to live a very very long time.
Hppyhppy2 that's retarded. If aliens got here in ships, they didn't need us to mine gold here on earth. There is way more of it in the asteroid belt than on our planet. They could have just flew up and grabbed it right out of space. No aliens needed for us to be here.
False data please review genome data. Humans took costal route in 2 waves out of eastern Africa and both went swiftly into India.
4 bloodlines 4 nation 4 diferent minds only one human
" Richer foods hungrier and hungrier brains " Brain is conditioned to want more and more...In the case of four legs animal " milk " infants are fatter than babies feeding with human mother" milk... Four
What about Chinese
Chinese are not Indo-Europeans and are predominantly lactose intolerant.
12:30 Dental anatomy made me laugh.
Wow, our flat molars and blunt canines sure are a result of adapting to a meat rich diet. XD Compare human canines with chimpanzee canines e.g., theirs are several times bigger then ours. Albeit for mainly defensive reasons.
Besides the shape of our mouth, our teeth barely differ from other great apes. I'm not denying genetic differences, but phenotypically or let's say practically, I don't see a big adaptive change.
Anyway, we get it, you eat meat. I don't care that much.
Adaptation to cooked meat (780 000 years ago fish cooking evidence found)
Why another finding of Science human came from one man and one woman the x and y chromosomes but still standing human came from ape. Ape or Adam and Eve who is our real ancestors I hope that topic will be discussed too
Armenian...I'll bet you never heard of it...don't even know it's role in history...see language as a fingerprint Setyan....linguistics can teach...it's a science...
what is means in armenian language the ending -ian/yan. Most of the Armenian Name have this ending.
I could drink a lot of milk and not fart but if I drink too much milk then I will began to fart.
This means you are a baby cow but as you have an Internet account I guess we could call it interspecies communication. Mooooo.
Why are some modern humans expected to live shorter lives than their ancestors? Who is responsive and accountable for this modern fenomenon? We cannot blamed the affected humans when they has been indoctrinated since birth! When a friend gave birth to her child she was sent home with milk baby formula discouraging her from breast feeding. She pour it down the drain! The result was she has a an adult child who has never been over weight!...the friend has an average education...Why were our ancestors more intelligent without formal education?
42:21...typical Georgian.....and Irish- American...Irish...? not so much post famine....the Caucasian peoples went far most ceartainly followed the Stork migration patterns for fresh water and food...that this guy thinks Semitic people are somehow not familiar with milk.?...is outrageous.....the land of milk and honey ....Cannan.
I read it once that biblical "milk and honey" did not refer to those literal things. Milk and Honey, as an idea of a land of plenty, more related to crops, rather than animal byproducts. Milk might refer to Figs and Honey might refer to Dates.
Nope, the Hebrew literally says milk and means milk. The Canaanites and other Semites of the region were mostly goat herders though, so it’s very unlikely that it was cows milk being spoken of.
Monkeys are our original ancestors 😁😁
I hear bias in his voice from the start.
the guys on indo-europeans makes false correlations and invalid hypotheses.
He is most probably anti semitic; he claims the semites did not have word for milk. Had to laugh to that absurd claim.
care to elaborate and present evidence?
zacariah sitchin's theory is much better than this human evolution....
Ummmmm...
Ummmmm....
Ummmmm.....
Ummmmmmmmmmmm
Pelasg/illyrian to modern Albanians the first Europeans, so many facts even the goat and eagle.
Also, the latest discoveries are proving that the Big Bang also originated in a little cave from Albania... they are hiding the truth because they are afraid of the mighty Albanians.
Remmy Kauffer why don't you show your face to an Albanian and they will show you where the Black hole is to.
BmKOSWarrior
the black hole it's in every Albanian brain... just kidding, i'm not trying to offend anyone, i actually have respect for the Albanians who kept their traditions and culture even when they were fucked by the conquerors. I was just trying to mock this idea of the "ombilico del mundo" which all nations have... from the poorest to the riches, from the whitest to the blackest... every nations has this theory. :) But yeah, regarding the indo-europeans, they seem to appear first in Ukraine, than in Romania and then in the Blakans.
***** because were the reason that the white man existes in the world today. and not to mention the saving of the Juwish people during the WWorlds…. were the indoeuroping people the first in the region before the greeks.
***** i dot give two fucks if you believe or not!!! nor have i asked you!
The last speaker was unwatchable , very poor speaker , ahh ahhh ahhh every two seconds , seemed like he was just half ass' ing it with no in depth knowledge
Boring and lots of false data here. A materialistic approach to cognitive processes always ends nowhere.
Jean-Pierre Delorraine
can "intelligence" be related to genes?
Jean-Pierre Delorraine , yes the last speaker. The lady had data to back up what she was saying.
No. Never. Intelligence is an intangible feature independent of hardware. It's a constant, a true static whereas matter is kinetic.
And your expertise stems from where, Jean-Pierre?
So the professor is hooked or obsessed with the size of the brain, nothing on the locking knees and elbows that make us human....
He had how many minutes? Even
Touching on one point he barely scratched the surface.
Pace versus information / content conveyance is poor. It's like a chocolate factory machine kicking out chocolates at too slow a rate for the 100% of the packers to be comfortably employed.
Henry H should have attended 'public speaking' classes or similar about 30 years ago. He is annoying to listen to: ponderous and slow. He delivers content like a man with emphysema: long bouts of hacking, abrasive coughing and then a small globule of phlegm.
Once we realize those shortcomings! yes he's boring !
Tsetse
Henry Harpending made absolutely no sense what so ever.... none.
I'm pretty sure he's half senile. He was slipping in and out of lucidity.
*Kiinnostava luento sarja. Kiitos Bangkok-Jomppa CarSanook Media THAIMAA*
its nasty
We are human we send by Allah for praying him we came from jannat we will go to heaven or hell as our believe and work
And your evidence for that is what? The Quran? Yeah. That's a science book. Lol
During most of the timeline they're talking about in this video Allah didn't even exist. Nobody on the planet knew anything about Allah, so how can you be correct?
All of this is speculation , for dollars, I call this the Al and Greta show send money, more new stuff next published book . Send money we are all gonna die.
Let me tell you, that I won't consume anything, youtube is advertising in your video. And because those ads you get a fat thumb down from me. And I stoped waching your video after 0.09! I hate those ads
+nein und nein get ad blocker or the patience of a regular human adult?
getadblock.com
+nein und nein get ad block
ja ja adlock
BULGARYAN !!!
Tell the TRUTH!!!
You mean they were called BulgAryans !
With that logic so are UgAryans, Porto RicArians ect
Not idiotic at all and I am the one that is educated. How old are the Bulgarians? not very old but a few hundred years.
no you are called warsaw pact.
What are you talking about...?
talking scientific studies bro.