Introduction to the convolution | Laplace transform | Differential Equations | Khan Academy

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 29 ม.ค. 2025

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  • @neilsmith4159
    @neilsmith4159 8 ปีที่แล้ว +601

    Khanvolution

    • @ashishkesharwani1559
      @ashishkesharwani1559 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      hahaha, true...:)

    • @nocturnalvisionmusic
      @nocturnalvisionmusic 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@ashishkesharwani1559 only one response in five years and 532 likes... decided to fix :D
      Great pun though :)

    • @Oldschukcomedy
      @Oldschukcomedy ปีที่แล้ว +1

      ​@@nocturnalvisionmusica year later I add another comment to keep the tradition you started😂

    • @nocturnalvisionmusic
      @nocturnalvisionmusic ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@Oldschukcomedy whoo-hoo thanks 😁

    • @charlesbeavers4968
      @charlesbeavers4968 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@Oldschukcomedyand again lol

  • @changyuanlin2233
    @changyuanlin2233 8 ปีที่แล้ว +178

    This is the introduction to the integration rather than convolution!

    • @zc4612
      @zc4612 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Newbie to convolution here. Is this not the convolution of f and g?

    • @devanshsharma2106
      @devanshsharma2106 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      @@zc4612 he is joking bro. he meant definiton is just one line. rest video is about integrating.

  • @OlisserGomez
    @OlisserGomez 12 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    i just watched this video on a Saturday night and thoroughly enjoyed it, especially the ending where he was able to cancel and simplify, it's an odd sense of satisfaction.
    I need to start drinking and going out again...

  • @someonetoogoodforyou
    @someonetoogoodforyou 12 ปีที่แล้ว +25

    For those who are interested: Convolution is used frequently in vibration analysis of second order systems.

    • @existentialrap521
      @existentialrap521 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Which is why I'm prolly learning it in diff equations rn xD

  • @michaelempeigne3519
    @michaelempeigne3519 7 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    a better idea is to use the product to sum formulas:
    sin A cos B = ( 1 / 2 ) * [ sin ( A + B ) + sin ( A - B ) ]

  • @horcrux65
    @horcrux65 12 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    he said he was about to define what convolution is at the beginning, but he ended up solving a made up a convolution problem without even defining.

  • @pc_phage8500
    @pc_phage8500 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Great example! He made simple the scary notation and held my hand through all the calculations. Now I’m ready for anything he throws at me in the next video.😊❤.

  • @redshot17
    @redshot17 15 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Finally I understood how a Convolution is done.
    Thank you very much.

  • @thefinitejoke
    @thefinitejoke 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great introduction to convolution. My professor tends to go off on random tangents and this exercise finally gave me an idea of the nuts and bolts.

  • @sizzlingal
    @sizzlingal 15 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much! like everyone else, i did not understand what my Professor has been talking about all semester! If i didnt watch these videos, id have no understanding of Diffeq's. May you be blessed for posting these videos!

  • @KanitaKhaled5
    @KanitaKhaled5 12 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    wow. best video on intro to convolution that I could find! amazing!

  • @antzikal
    @antzikal 12 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Yep,I agree. What you said is correct in modern Greek. Not sure if that was the pronunciation in ancient Greek though, there is a belief that you would pronounce a (α) and u (υ) separately.
    It's really annoying hearing it as "tao".
    τ should sound line "tough" , as you may say "tough guy" ,taf may be misleading

  • @amak1131
    @amak1131 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    An old video but THANK YOU. Instructor never did explain things very well. Was also unsure where to plug the 0 and t into. Simple looking back, but the confirmation was great.

  • @philcooper279
    @philcooper279 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    A bit long winded but brilliantly explained. A true master of teaching.

  • @perala123
    @perala123 10 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    your ''t'' looks like a ''+" . Apart from that, it's a very good explanation.

  • @espionn
    @espionn 8 ปีที่แล้ว +24

    Hahahahaha guys press 7 a couple of times on your keyboard when you're on the video. TOOTYTOOTYTOOTY
    thank me later

  • @toridvoice
    @toridvoice 13 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This is extremely helpful.
    Next video of high level math could you not go over U substitution... or explaining the other math... I mean I assume all of the people that come here are engineers... or at least have other sources of calc 1 or 2.

  • @Ronaldoh1
    @Ronaldoh1 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    who ever you are ...i just want to say that you're awesome!!!!! love you man thanks for the vids!!

  • @DrFlox
    @DrFlox 14 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    For a future video it would be great to see a visual explanation of convolution, what is actually happening with the functions?

    • @mohamedhaamuth5921
      @mohamedhaamuth5921 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Ýeah you were write that ten years ago am now watching it.
      Did you live or not drflox .

  • @1carlento
    @1carlento 15 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I'm doing my second year mechanical engineering at university and this is helping me a lot thank you very much for posting this amazing clips.

    • @hulk8889
      @hulk8889 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      good luck for you university!

  • @Poko_4
    @Poko_4 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thanks a lot Sir,
    Btw, you can just multiply and divide by 2 to Sin(tau)Cos(tau) that would convert it into sin(2tau) /2
    Now that's more easy to integrate, just write = -Cos(2tau)/(2*2) ..:)

  • @09seaner
    @09seaner 10 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Sal you the real MVP

  • @rafaelsevilla432
    @rafaelsevilla432 11 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    con·vo·lut·ed
    /ˈkänvəˌlo͞otid/
    Adjective
    (esp. of an argument, story, or sentence) Extremely complex and difficult to follow.
    Intricately folded, twisted, or coiled.
    Synonyms
    convolute - intricate

  • @Mossi420
    @Mossi420 11 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    What you did was some simple maths, can you explain more what the meaning of Convolution is?

  • @zamamohammed9092
    @zamamohammed9092 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    i scrolled down to write exactly what you've written here.. i kept waiting for him to explain what convolution is..

  • @ad2181
    @ad2181 15 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sal,
    As a DSP EE this is the most important concept ever.

  • @theromancobra
    @theromancobra 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I am a ME major taking differential equations and before I started watching your lessons, I was barely passing. I now have an A+ thanks to your videos. Thanks for the help!!!

  • @BlackBile666
    @BlackBile666 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    I can not believe how helpful this would have been if I had youtube when I was at uni.

  • @danielgibbons301
    @danielgibbons301 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Using this in my Digital Signal Processing (Electrical Engineering) class

  • @shazaduh
    @shazaduh 15 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very nice video and please do make a video on Convolution intuition.

  • @tohopes
    @tohopes 8 ปีที่แล้ว +99

    You should have skipped all the algebra and trig. It is completely beside the point of convolution.

    • @seinfan9
      @seinfan9 8 ปีที่แล้ว +12

      "In this video, I'm not going to dive into the intuition of the convolution..."
      My guess is that it was on point, but definitely something 99% of people don't need or care for.

    • @TheStrelok7
      @TheStrelok7 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      tohopes not agree with you

    • @josemendez9919
      @josemendez9919 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      It is 100% much easier if done via integration by parts. No need to memorise all that trig identities

  • @Snowsandwich
    @Snowsandwich 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    I found it was immensely easier to use product to sum formulas for the trig convolutions. It cut the work in half and there were a lot of nice cancellations. In fact I think it was the only sub I did.

  • @caseyalanjones
    @caseyalanjones ปีที่แล้ว

    This video explains how to evaluate a convolution, but not the what or the why. First I would like to know what a convolution is, why I would want one, and what t and tau are meant to represent.

  • @Captain_Rhodes
    @Captain_Rhodes 10 ปีที่แล้ว +57

    yea but its just simple integration. what does it actually mean?

    • @bakothegreat
      @bakothegreat 7 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      It is not a simple integral. Often times it is many integrals with many integrations by parts.

  • @marcalanstreeter
    @marcalanstreeter 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great tutorial - and thank you for the small refreshers in the middle - its been a while since I had used them

  • @Integrelle
    @Integrelle 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Much better than my University Engineering Prof lol. Good Gravy, university standards are terrible nowadays.

  • @abuhajara
    @abuhajara 15 ปีที่แล้ว

    yes, because if you have real time problem. For example, if you using real time microprocessor, you may get around FFTs by using convolution, specially if you are using FIR filter.

  • @111Prince111
    @111Prince111 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    omg u just helped me so much n my web hw, this is why i love youtude seriously

  • @tymothylim6550
    @tymothylim6550 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you very much for this video! It was a great example-driven tutorial and I learnt a lot from it!

  • @benjahnz
    @benjahnz 7 ปีที่แล้ว +94

    Ridiculously overcomplicated example with no intuition as to what convolution is/does/is useful etc.. Not up to your usual standards by a long shot.

    • @pc_phage8500
      @pc_phage8500 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Great example!! He explains the purpose of the video at the beginning. He goes through the mechanics of the notation. This fixes in my mind the simplicity of the scary notation. Now I’m ready for anything!❤

  • @bla7091
    @bla7091 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    It was more of an integral and geometry lesson, things I learned way before the concept of convolution came up. If the title changes, this will be a great example though

  • @kirtankoro
    @kirtankoro 8 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    8:03 Isn't it easier to use the formula of double sin instead of the replacement method? Like sin(tau)cos(tau)=sin(2tau)/2...

  • @Bearkiller777
    @Bearkiller777 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks Sal. This helped me understand convolution

  • @baxtermason6909
    @baxtermason6909 ปีที่แล้ว

    ...in Electrical Engineering...used to combine two signals...works in conjunction with Fourier analysis...in signal processing...

  • @6ZYX6
    @6ZYX6 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks a lot, found it really helpful! (got to admit, I'm digging the color scheme, very easy going)

  • @thomaszweef
    @thomaszweef 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you! This video helped me so much in understanding convolution

  • @Via.Dolorosa
    @Via.Dolorosa 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    thank you Khan !!

  • @mzeki99
    @mzeki99 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love this guy.

  • @maxmuller590
    @maxmuller590 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    At 12.37 it is faster if you know that the integral of f(x)×d/dx f(x) dx is equal to 1/2f(x)^2. You can Prove that with Integration by parts.with best regards ;)

  • @karimkhan1312
    @karimkhan1312 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    very good- concepts cleared - thank u

  • @akamzaki6247
    @akamzaki6247 12 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks for the video, however - I think a conceptual explanation would have been more useful... most of this lecture was just an integration. Beyond the first formula you stated I learnt nothing of convolutions in this video.

  • @photon2724
    @photon2724 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I don't know what this does to the two waves though...Are we just combining them together? feels like Im just following a series of steps without knowing what I'm trying to achieve.

  • @einsteinino
    @einsteinino 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    By means of Werner formulas, the integral for the convolution would require way fewer steps in order to be calculated!

  • @AmitKumar-um9bt
    @AmitKumar-um9bt 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Well explained... Thankuu..m fully satisfied

  • @aureliotambiga1049
    @aureliotambiga1049 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    helped me a lot. thanks 😊

  • @ejkitchen
    @ejkitchen 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    As others have stated I would have appreciated learning what a convolution is, how it was invented, why it is useful and some sample real-world uses cases without spending any time whatsoever on simplistic calculus mechanics.

  • @evil-robot
    @evil-robot 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellently set out. It especially highlights the need to check your workings. Lol.
    Do you have any videos showing how to convolve 2 non-periodic functions, such as a triangular pulse and a gating function, please? I get confused where different limits of integration apply to different areas of the process.

  • @FrenzyLi
    @FrenzyLi 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    The integral simplification step is a bit complicated. A simpler approach is applying this:
    Sin[A] Cos[B] = 1/2 ((Sin[A - B] + Sin[A + B]))
    So you get: Sin[t - τ] Cos[τ] = 1/2 (Sin[t] + Sin[t - 2τ])
    Now the INT is made easier for Sin[t] can be lifted out of the integration and the Sin[t - 2τ] is easy. The whole integration leaves:
    1/2 t Sin[t]
    I guess this introduction to convolution is a introduction to the calculation of the convolution! The characteristics of convolution is not shown though.

  • @anshumanSrivastavaHere_I_COME
    @anshumanSrivastavaHere_I_COME 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    lol i have a test tomorrow, your 20 minute video saved me a lot of time

  • @TerresEndormies
    @TerresEndormies 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    @sadiqtronics: Careful. Your notation is confusing. The integral of cos(at) dt is (1/a)sin(at). I think that is what you mean, and you are correct. However, that is exactly the integral Sal uses in the video. Here, a = 2. Anyway, hope you got it worked out!

  • @binvid
    @binvid 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you very much. GREAT Tutoring.

  • @clovisfritzen
    @clovisfritzen 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Good explanation, thanks!

  • @holymasteric
    @holymasteric 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    So am I... and it is essential for us engineers to use the correct terminology.

  • @deemdoubleu
    @deemdoubleu 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    BUT other definitions use different limits for the integration (-INF to +INF). What is the difference?

  • @Ayplus
    @Ayplus 12 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    In Signal and System theory when finding the zero-state response also

  • @MortazaHussein
    @MortazaHussein 15 ปีที่แล้ว

    very nice , i want also ask the same , please , make a video on Convolution Intuition , thx
    we are witing for it :)

  • @janitarjanitar
    @janitarjanitar 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    towards the very end.. sal turned a sum of two trig functions into a product of two functions.. because he can.

  • @anandkrishnan6061
    @anandkrishnan6061 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    superb...made me convoluted....1/2sint..

    • @pacomaco5126
      @pacomaco5126 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Anand Krishnan Come on... Didn't you pay attention? It's 1/2*t*sin(t)!

  • @linuxuser5
    @linuxuser5 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    thaaaaaaaaaaaanks man , you are the best !

  • @billtruttschel
    @billtruttschel 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Yeah, this lesson taught nothing about what convolution is or what it's used for. This was just an integration exercise.

  • @shakesbeer00
    @shakesbeer00 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    In this definition of convolution, the range for integration may vary. It does not have to be from 0 to t.

  • @boomer486
    @boomer486 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    there is generally more than one identity per trig expression

  • @nadineblackrose
    @nadineblackrose 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thankyou so much

  • @awarahajilatif6432
    @awarahajilatif6432 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    good thanks

  • @FrenzyLi
    @FrenzyLi 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can't agree more with ya. The lecture should focus more on, like, what is convolution, what is its application...

  • @sisip123
    @sisip123 15 ปีที่แล้ว

    this is the best! thank you

  • @DiggOlive
    @DiggOlive 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    @redougulas You wouldn't have been able to hear Khans voice in this video if it were not for the convolution.

  • @videos4mydad
    @videos4mydad 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    T and Tau - maybe choosing different letters would have helped.

  • @2002budokan
    @2002budokan 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is this a video about convolution or a video about how to integrate the example function?

  • @dlbattle100
    @dlbattle100 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    When you were multiplying (1/2) sin t by (1/2) sin 2t when you were distributing you inserted + where it should have been multiplication. Result should have been (1/4)(sin t)(sin 2t) but you got (1/4)sint + sin 2t

    • @dlbattle100
      @dlbattle100 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      +David Battle you fixed it in the next step by ignoring the + lol. Two wrongs make a right?

    • @RodolfoDeNadai
      @RodolfoDeNadai 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      I find that strange as well... a fair mistake perhaps??

  • @chinthakashehan7172
    @chinthakashehan7172 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for the video

  • @Backrocks92
    @Backrocks92 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    it is much better to use product to sum formula for trig : 2sinAcosB= sin(A+B)+sin(A-B)

  • @DavidLamrocks
    @DavidLamrocks 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    people should just stop whining..one reason why youtube may be better for learning is that if the tutor is going too slow for you, just hit the fast forward!!!

  •  13 ปีที่แล้ว

    THANKYOU!! sooo much

  • @philipotterberg4408
    @philipotterberg4408 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello Khan! I would´ve liked to see some examples on text exercises within this subject. Love your videos.

  • @Arminpars2
    @Arminpars2 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    the "whole hairy problem" that lasts 19 minutes would be done in 3 minutes if you were to rewrite the integral "sin(t-tau).cos(tau)" as integral:
    "1/2*[sin(t) + sin(t-2*tau)]"
    and integrate them separately i.e. :
    "1/2 int(sint * dtau)" + "1/2 int(sin(t-2*tau)*dtau)"
    where "int" stands for integral.

  • @fpseli117
    @fpseli117 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    engineers=oompa loompa of science

  • @Palaflax
    @Palaflax 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Actually, convolute is a legitimate synonym of convolve.
    Source: wolframalpha, and using google searching "define: convolute"

  • @RunItsTheCat
    @RunItsTheCat 9 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    I feel like this video didn't serve well as an introduction to a new concept. I think if you began the video with the proof leading up to convolution's definition, the concept will make much more sense thereafter, rather than the viewer attempting to piece together what or why you are doing what you are doing through the example.

    • @rj-nj3uk
      @rj-nj3uk 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      RunItsTheCat i agree with you.

  • @kevinshaughnessy5032
    @kevinshaughnessy5032 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    You're my hero Sal.

  • @DanieleSegato
    @DanieleSegato 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    All your videos are great. Let me say that first. But I've a big critic to give you that hopefully will help make your videos even better.
    You share this issue with the vast majority of math teachers.
    You focus a lot on the mechanical procedures and algebra, you stress even too much all the little steps. But you completely fail to give the big picture of what you are actually doing and why.
    Convolution here: one can learn to compute the convolution and you gave the definition. But you did not explain at all what it is, what it does.
    It's a moving average between 2 functions. The resulting function is a new function of course.
    Some of the most easy to grasp applications of this is in computer graphics for blurring an image you take a convolution of the image with itself on 2 dimensions.
    It's like teaching a derivative without explaining what it means. Sure you can mechanically follow the procedure but it's kind of important to give an intuition of what math operation is doing.

  • @volkerblock
    @volkerblock 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    and look for bryan douglas Laplace, very good!

  • @kuvvatgarayev4202
    @kuvvatgarayev4202 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    We will do the integration ourselves, tell us the idea of fooking convolution?

  • @lindseyxiao5366
    @lindseyxiao5366 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice video!

  • @camilo7456777777
    @camilo7456777777 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    muy bueno gracias

  • @S3iZuReTyMe
    @S3iZuReTyMe 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    at the very end, when writing out the answer, in the orange, you forget to write g(tau) as cos(tau).

  • @sadiqtronics
    @sadiqtronics 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice explanation. Am however confused at how you got the integral of cos2t as u indicated. Isn't the integral of cos(ab)=1/asin2b?

  • @ronijun888
    @ronijun888 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks.....

  • @richlong28
    @richlong28 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    mind... blown

  • @gremlinextreme101
    @gremlinextreme101 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    @postigaceltic Insulting people giving you constructive criticism is not generally advised. I too am enthusiastic about calculus and have taught it to myself for the last two years from videos online. One of the first (and most difficult) things is to establish a general order in which to learn the topics, now I have no idea why you would want to know about convolution (trig integrals should certainly be learned first), but criticizing the makers of free videos is fairly ungrateful act.