One of the less popular religious relics: Fork of the covenant - holds the power to turn vodka into vinegar and performs the reverse miracle of un-curing cancer.
My great grandfather Leonard Sporkfeld invented the spork but the Nazis stole his patents and all of his design notes. I made some of that up. Okay all of it, but just know that the only time I ever lied to any of you was when I said that I always tell the truth, but honestly I DO always tell the truth - even when I lie. Which I never do.
The Fork of the Covenant is no joke, it uncured my uncle’s cancer, and now he’s pretty sure he might be Jesus Christ. Or maybe a medium sized portico. Depends on the day.
I finally cleared a clogged funnel of some substance which for weeks evaded me and seemed impervious to anything. Things I tried: - hydrochloric acid - concentrated hydrogen peroxide - nitric acid - aqua regia - sulfuric acid - warm piranha solution - boiling piranha - boiling the entire thing *in* piranha for 6 hours - piranha so hot and concentrated it was detonating as I poured it Finally I just freaking painstakingly wiped the stuff off with a gloved finger in my kitchen sink.
That lid with the mixed acids will be gone in a week or two. The acid vapors will eat right throught it. You need to store it in an all glass container with teflon taped joints. Good luck!
It’s ironic that chemists think of Chromium as useless. As a gemologist Chromium is a much loved transition element being responsible for beautiful green emeralds, deep red rubies and even colour changing garnets. Loved the video and can’t wait for the other experiments!
Chrome diopside falls in that family, doesn't it? It's my very favorite gemstone, flaws and all. Emeralds are beautiful, but the color tends a bit towards the blue, while (imho) chrome diopside falls more towards the yellow--a grassy green. I love garnets too, have a load of them for making jewelry. Saving up for some grossular garnets, to complement the amber in a necklace and earring set I'm planning.
I'm a rockhound genetically. My Grandfather's uncle assembled the world's largest privately held mineral collection. I've done my part to follow the tradition of minerology. The affliction/passion causes crowded conditions at home and I've walked out if the woods much heavier than when I walked in, even after consuming supplies. The extra weight came from pockets of minerals. For a fantastic translucent deep green, one of my favorite minerals us dioptase. Its a little rare, especially for large crystals, but I've acquired many fine specimens of them.
Back in the 70s I had a chemistry set with several chromium chemicals in it because they were nice colours and made it sell. There were some quite powerful oxidisers too. I had loads of fun
I used to work around several pools containing several thousand gallons each of that "Potion of Instant Harming", each of which had tens of thousands of amps flowing through it and was heated to about 145F. Industrial chrome plating. I'm not sure how comfortable you are messing with that stuff, but if you set up a small scale electroplater with that stuff and tinker with the current and run time, you can actually plate things in colored chrome jacketing. Transition metal chemistry is cool as.
Potentially silly (girl) question, but...is that for things like chrome bumpers and tool boxes? I had a late 80's model Dodge Ram with very nice chrome bumpers, trim and chromed rims--I loved that old Dodge and it still looked very sharp even as old as it was--and the chrome still was very nice and shiny. Man, I miss that truck...
I worked at a big chemical company that made green chrome oxide pigments (the green was much darker and more intens than here in the video). And they used Ammonium dichromate to make it. The only thing i can remember is, that it is bright orange and really nasty stuff.
My country used chromium 6 as a paint on equipment for the military, a lot of people worked with it without the proper protection and now a lot of people are getting cancer. I never actually knew what it was until this video.
I don't know what country you are in, but in the US they made a movie titled "Erin Brockovich" (Erin was a real person, but the movie might be better known)
This happened in the netherlands where paint on trains exposed workers to chromium-6 Here is an abstract of an article on the issue Abstract The older layers of paint on some trains contain the harmful substance hexavalent chromium, also known as chromium (VI). NS/NedTrain staff may have been exposed to chromium (VI) during maintenance and repair work on trains. This puts them at greater risk of developing certain medical conditions, including certain types of cancer, allergies, chronic lung diseases and perforation of the nasal septum. The extent of this risk cannot be determined, as the extent of exposure to chromium (VI) is unknown. Furthermore, the risk of developing these conditions depends not only on exposure to chromium (VI), but also on other causative factors. NS/NedTrain failed to comply with the regulations that were in place to protect staff from exposure to chromium (VI) for many years. This is the outcome of an RIVM study into chromium (VI) exposure during work at NS/NedTrain. The study covered the period from 1970 until 2020. As NS/NedTrain did not collect any measurement data during the vast majority of the period covered by the study, the extent of exposure to chromium (VI) is unknown. What is clear, however, is that there was considerable variety in terms of individual exposure to chromium (VI): between and within roles, between different NS/NedTrain sites and over the years. For that reason, the study focused on the probability of staff having been exposed to chromium (VI) in these different situations. The study shows that staff were mainly exposed to chromium (VI) through fine particles that they inhaled while working on older layers of paint, such as during sanding and welding. This exposure exceeded the level associated with applying new layers of paint containing chromium (VI). Moreover, the study revealed that although NS/NedTrain had the intention of fulfilling its duty of care to staff properly, it failed to do so in practice. Only a few managers and others who were responsible for health and safety in the workplace were aware of the risks posed by chromium (VI), which is why staff were not aware of these either. To the extent that risks were known, they were primarily associated with work that involved applying new layers of paint containing chromium (VI). There was far less awareness of the risks posed by work on older layers of paint containing chromium (VI) that were already on the trains. NS/NedTrain took very few measures to reduce exposure, like installing extractor units, nor did it monitor the use of personal protective equipment, such as dust masks, consistently. Staff were not adequately informed of the hazards associated with chromium (VI) and did not undergo regular medical checks to investigate chromium (VI) exposure (or the effects thereof). The level of focus on the issue increased over the course of the period covered by the study, in part due to NS/NedTrain introducing quality control systems for health and safety in the workplace. These conclusions are substantiated and explained in more detail in three separate subreports. This report is a summary of all subreports and presents the final conclusions.
13:09 This mixture is not only good for cleaning. Since sulphuric acid is very valuable for hobby chemists, many collect it, purify it and distill it to get 98% H2SO4 again.
I'd rather pay some extra bucks for a new sulfuric acid bottle, rather than distilling H2SO4 along with an unknown quantity of H2CrO4 and other Cr derivatives
@@phobos1963I was going to say chromium doesn't tend to volatilize easily. Then I remembered chromyl chloride is a thing and suddenly find myself agreeing with you 😅
Your videos are really cool and I particularly like that you show the reaction equations, it makes it easier for me to understand what is going on. I love this channel and I'm happy to see it grow!
Man, honestly how could I haven't known about this channel so far? Sub. Also in my lab tomorrow I'm planning on preparing some AlCl³ and honestly, watching the Al get absolutely recked by the concentrated HCl is just too satisfying
I have a few 1kg jars of this chemical (CrO3). I keep it in several bags, in a box, in a another bag and locked inside a sealed plastic boxe inside a locked lab closet. I rarely mess with it, but when i do it's generally a whole ordeal. I usually only mess with it when someone needs some.
Concerning the the chrome alum crystal: While reducing the solution with ethanol, it is crucial to have your temp below 40°C, because you will get different hydration isomers. [Cr(H2O)6]2(SO4)3 (violet) changes to the green isomer [Cr(H2O)4SO4]SO4 (green) above 40°C, which explains, why your solution turns green/yellow and your crystals also have a different and weird structure. I guess the green crystal changes back into the purple form after letting it sit around for a long time, because the crystal pulls water out from the air. The slower the evaporation of your solution, the more uniform the crystal. In the lab, we normally fill a beaker with the solution, put some parafilm over the top and poke just a few holes into it. It sometimes takes up to 2 months for a clear/clean crystal to form, but they are really uniform (and mutagenic but who cares haha) and shiny.
I'm starting to fall in love with chromium chemistry more and more as time goes on (though I've always really liked it ever since I first saw it demoed).. it's always so colourful ,the different salts and other molecules/compounds you can make using it! Almost always visually stunning, and more often than not super toxic and dangerous too xD.
One thing I found useful for getting crystals you want to preserve out of that situation is to only add small amounts of the solvent around the edges, just enough so that it can get underneath and free the bond with the glass. Usually the mass will just want to fall out when decanting the solvent, and the biggest issue becomes breaking the crystals on something they hit on the way out.
Ethanol is not oxidized to acetic acid but to acetaldehyde by dichromate in an acidified solution. Btw.: In the EU it's not allowed to use chromium VI compounds commercially anymore without a special complicated and expensive to get permission.
@@hantrio4327 If he registered a business for his channel because of sponsoring and monetization, REACH regulations do also apply here. Dichromate is a specific oxidizer of alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes. There is no further oxidation up to the carboxylic acid or all the most in traces. For further oxidation even stronger oxidizers like permanganate are needed.
@@hantrio4327 If he registered a business, yes. Chromium VI oxidizes specifically alcohol to aldehyde, for further oxidation permangante would be needed.
@@experimentalchemistry-os It wouldn't apply if what he is doing is considered scientific experimentation. About the chromium oxidation you are wrong. Yes it is possible to produce aldehyde from the reaction of primary alcohols with chromic acid but only under certain conditions. The aldehyde can easily be oxidized to a carboxylic acid under different conditions. You need other Cr(VI)-reagents like PCC to selectively oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes.
@@hantrio4327 He is monetized and sponsored, so the status is quite clear. I often prepared acetaldehyde this way in the past and there never was acetic acid detectable in the product.
Ive used this method to make chromium alum before, and the water being blue is normal. It's some Cr III product left over from the reduction step. The best method is to pour off the liquid after cooling and wash the crystals with wet ethanol. They should turn out purple.
Paused at 16:36 with every intention of continuing: My friend, Mr Chemist Deluxe... Holy crap! I mean this in the best possible way. The way you have (so far) described everything has been exceptional. So much detail, but in such a solid presentation. Your little humorous jabs here and there have had me laughing pretty good so far. Very well done. Thank you for all you do. I'm going to continue and finish watching your outstanding video.
I only just stumbled across this video, and when I say I stopped crocheting to whisper, "You what?" When he so casually states that he's just going to "Whip up some Nitric Acid".... of course I had no other choice but to subscribe...
Your content is incredible but what really inspires me is your use of black background. You even made sure that lazy Susan platform was black to match the background. Pouring the H2SO4 into the gently spinning beaker was pure art.
@Amateur Chemistry One funny thing most people don´t know is that the reaction between ethanol and an aqueous solution of potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid is actually what happens when drunk people are subjected to the breathalyzer. Inside the breathalyzer there´s also an apparatus that relates the color of the resulting solution to the alcohol content in the person's blood.
I worked for a hazardous waste recycling plant in the 1980s. When they were trying to develop an economical industrial process to reduce chromic acid, they tried carbon, which did not work, sodium metabisulfite, which worked pretty well, and eventually sulfur dioxide gas. However, we never tried alcohol.
Wondering why you didn't have much lab equipment and was shocked at the end when you said you only have 50k subs, absolutely shocked. Very good quality video - very well filmed - very calming accent, you've earned a sub!!
Great video! One nit: at 4:22 you show chromium metal dissolving in HCl and describe the salt being formed as CrCl3. It is actually in the sky-blue Cr2+ oxidation state at this point, CrCl2 if you dried the solution (in the absence of oxygen!).
You should fight fire with fire and change your class to chemistry right before the exams and then go ace an exam you didn't even study for (intentionally at least) using your ADHD's tendencies against it's self. :P
Ding my PhD at Imperial College in 1980, using chromium trioxide dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid was a standard way to clean glassware. It would even remove carbonised crud directly oxidising it to CO2
Oh cool, I didn't know you could 1. grow alum crystals with the green complex, or 2. that they would convert over time! The thing with chromium coordination complexes is, they're generally very strong, slow to change; once a green or bluish solution is formed (chloride or sulfate complex, I think?), it tends to stay that way. Whatever ligands are present during chromate reduction, tend to be what the complex forms with. Evidently, this stubbornness extends into crystallization; what grew, might not be alum at all, crystallographically speaking. Even cooler though, it seems it reconfigured on resting; if it was a different crystal, what you have now is evidently a polymorph after the original! Solid state transformations are common enough in simple compounds like metal oxides (or metal alloys); cool to see it in complex ionic compounds like this. :)
This is the main ingredient ih Alodine 1200, which until quite recently was the standard conversion coating used to prepare aluminum alloys for finishing, especially on aircraft. Most industries have phased out hexavalent chromium due to its propensity to contaminate ground water.
Cr(VI) has such a fascinating chemistry. Too bad it’s too dangerous and not the best compound to own for an average person for science experiments at home.
Funnily enough i made some of this a while back for a big chromium project I'll never finish at this rate lol. I'm not sure if the method I used is more or less dangerous, but I added potassium dichromate directly to the concentrated sulfuric acid and didn't really involve water much at all. Also, glacial acetic acid and acetone can both be used to rinse the chromium trioxide, although the acetone might react at higher temperatures, not 100% sure 😅 either way fantastic job! Beautiful camera work and the black background really makes the red trioxide pop EDIT: I just tried again out of curiosity and acetone can NOT be used for the rinse, but glacial acetic acid works fine 😅
The problem with chromium 3 salts is the formation of weird hydroxy complexes. If your solution is green you'll likely have a ahrd time crystalizing it, but it should turn more purple on standing. I dissolved some forks in sodium disulfate and salt, and it took a month for the solution to settle down.
As a galvanizer I workded with this salt. The Chrome electolyte we used to have was based on CrO3. Was o fun to work with, but beautiful plating results
pretty sure you can also turn vodka into vinegar with potassium permanganate... tho KMnO4 tends to turn alcohols exclusively into carboxylic acids whereas this angry stuff you have can turn alcohols into aldehydes as well as carboxylic acids.
I don't know if it works, but on YT is somebody preparing the same stuff, but uses for the rinsing step glacial acetic acid instead of HNO3. Possibly it works in a satisfactory way, since acetic acid is quite stable against oxydizing agents and reasonable volatile (and relatively easy to obtain).
Hi, i love your videos, and I have an idea for a future video : transforming white spirit into alcohol and carboxylic acids to make nice smelling esters !
You know your biological clock is 6 feet under already when a youtuber from your country uploads in the evening and you are 12 hours late because you were mimimimimi
I thought you might be interested in a practical use I ran across for Chromium Trioxide several decades ago. As a"test solution" for relatively high silver content in unknown metal items. (I found this in a VERY old book of "handy chemicals and chemical reactions".) The application is simply a solution of chromium trioxide in concentrated nitric acid (I forget the exact proportions but I don't think they're critical). Back in those days I was involved in making jewelry and often came across "silver" jewelry and flatware of unknown silver content. And, back then, we didn't have desktop spectrometers and such. Anyway... to use the solution you simply place a drop on the clean surface of your unknown metal... With other "common metals", and low purity silver alloys, there is not much reaction... But, if the metal is reasonably pure silver, the solution immediately turns bright opaque blood red... (This worked on most common silver jewelry, coins, and flatware made out of other common alloys...)
I had a chrome plating company for fifty years, mainly using hexavalent chrome solutions. It is an industry that uses huge quantities of Cr6, and you learn to respect it. I had an explosion once and i was showered in the stuff , it was dripping off my nose but I am still here...We now use trivalent solutions , they are safer but the finish is crap by comparison..
the shape of the crystals that formed from the alum appear to be in an isometric lattice. this of particular note as that lattice structure is extremely important to my field of geology, as a crystal that forms in all directions (isometrically), at the same rate, allows us to determine the chemical evolution of magma during the developmental period of the crystals (spinel and garnet are especially good for this use case). although a chromium salt/oxide obviously wouldn't be stable at magmatic PT conditions, it does raise the question of what utility a relatively inert (potentially) isometric crystal (like the chromium ones you made) could have in other reactions where trace element abundance over time may be an important factor. very cool!
Hah I was gonna make a similar comment, and it can often be dark brown with a orangey huge (depending what's mixed with it and where it was originally made) ... it just looks like someone's cranked up the colour saturation here xD.
I'd like to ask a question if I may. I have stainless-steel pots and I used to soak them with bleach overnight if I 'forgot' to clean them for a month with some food in them (had mental-health issues, better now). One of them has its bottom-side really discolored, like gray and blu-ish and has eroded in places and has some sort of metal blisters and pits from the 5% bleach concentrate. I also sometimes cook chicken stew which has vinegar in that pot. Question is: just how much (if any) cancer-juice did I subject myself to?
The "Potion of instant harming" comment really cracked me up haha
13:00 idle time
istant harming potion
instant harming ∞ 150
@KriticalUranium235 *255
One of the less popular religious relics: Fork of the covenant - holds the power to turn vodka into vinegar and performs the reverse miracle of un-curing cancer.
My great grandfather Leonard Sporkfeld invented the spork but the Nazis stole his patents and all of his design notes. I made some of that up. Okay all of it, but just know that the only time I ever lied to any of you was when I said that I always tell the truth, but honestly I DO always tell the truth - even when I lie. Which I never do.
My favorite party trick
fork the love of god
Fork me, my favorite comment section of the week 😂
The Fork of the Covenant is no joke, it uncured my uncle’s cancer, and now he’s pretty sure he might be Jesus Christ. Or maybe a medium sized portico. Depends on the day.
the phrase 'decided to whip up some nitric acid on the go' is the wildest thing I've ever heard yet knowing this channel, I am unphased
Huh, so _that's_ what they put in the Rubicon water
saint named MSG
fascinating
Pregnancy urges don't care about reason.
based saint
@@oberonpanopticon :3
You know a substance isn’t messing around when the ONLY WAY to clean it on a fritted filter funnel is to wash it with concentrated nitric acid.
I finally cleared a clogged funnel of some substance which for weeks evaded me and seemed impervious to anything. Things I tried:
- hydrochloric acid
- concentrated hydrogen peroxide
- nitric acid
- aqua regia
- sulfuric acid
- warm piranha solution
- boiling piranha
- boiling the entire thing *in* piranha for 6 hours
- piranha so hot and concentrated it was detonating as I poured it
Finally I just freaking painstakingly wiped the stuff off with a gloved finger in my kitchen sink.
You know a substance is not to be messed around with, when you prepare it on a rusty spoon over a candle
@@janeczekdeliverservices7831 part of that rusty spoon is probably made of chromium so…..
@@spiderdude2099well it was rusted... And chromium isn't supposed to do that...
@janeczekdeliverservices7831 not all grades of "stainless" steel are made equal. Some cheap shit will rust after a while.
"Acid marinated forks" you have a way with words my good sir!
This guy. Absolute legend.
Man, I just can’t thank you enough for all your generous donations, you are definitely one of my biggest supporters :)
Thank you jim, for helping us get all this wonderful chemistry content!!! 👊
thanks too
That man is a legend
That lid with the mixed acids will be gone in a week or two. The acid vapors will eat right throught it. You need to store it in an all glass container with teflon taped joints. Good luck!
He nails the description with something funny perfectly "potion of instant harming" is the perfect description.
It’s ironic that chemists think of Chromium as useless. As a gemologist Chromium is a much loved transition element being responsible for beautiful green emeralds, deep red rubies and even colour changing garnets.
Loved the video and can’t wait for the other experiments!
Chrome diopside falls in that family, doesn't it? It's my very favorite gemstone, flaws and all. Emeralds are beautiful, but the color tends a bit towards the blue, while (imho) chrome diopside falls more towards the yellow--a grassy green. I love garnets too, have a load of them for making jewelry. Saving up for some grossular garnets, to complement the amber in a necklace and earring set I'm planning.
I'm a rockhound genetically. My Grandfather's uncle assembled the world's largest privately held mineral collection. I've done my part to follow the tradition of minerology. The affliction/passion causes crowded conditions at home and I've walked out if the woods much heavier than when I walked in, even after consuming supplies. The extra weight came from pockets of minerals.
For a fantastic translucent deep green, one of my favorite minerals us dioptase. Its a little rare, especially for large crystals, but I've acquired many fine specimens of them.
Im gonna watch this before it gets taken down by youtube
14:04 Only thing worse than an abnormally low yield is an abnormally high one
Yea.. how tf does that work??
@ As he stated in the video, it means impurities.
@@bitonic589typically it will be impurities or that you just happened to do the reaction better than the literature
I honestly think this is one of the few channels I will sit and let the sponsor stuff play through without skipping, you're a legend.
I'm happily sitting through the sponsor spot right now. I always skip ahead. Not here.
Back in the 70s I had a chemistry set with several chromium chemicals in it because they were nice colours and made it sell. There were some quite powerful oxidisers too. I had loads of fun
There it is, the fabled compound, 'Nile Red'!
Nile is gonna see this and say too little carcinogenic, I've tcdd for snack...
I used to work around several pools containing several thousand gallons each of that "Potion of Instant Harming", each of which had tens of thousands of amps flowing through it and was heated to about 145F. Industrial chrome plating.
I'm not sure how comfortable you are messing with that stuff, but if you set up a small scale electroplater with that stuff and tinker with the current and run time, you can actually plate things in colored chrome jacketing. Transition metal chemistry is cool as.
Potentially silly (girl) question, but...is that for things like chrome bumpers and tool boxes? I had a late 80's model Dodge Ram with very nice chrome bumpers, trim and chromed rims--I loved that old Dodge and it still looked very sharp even as old as it was--and the chrome still was very nice and shiny. Man, I miss that truck...
@Doxymeister exactly that.
@@Doxymeisterno offense but thats not too much of a (girl) question 😂 seemed on topic and you had knowledge
I worked at a big chemical company that made green chrome oxide pigments (the green was much darker and more intens than here in the video). And they used Ammonium dichromate to make it. The only thing i can remember is, that it is bright orange and really nasty stuff.
My country used chromium 6 as a paint on equipment for the military, a lot of people worked with it without the proper protection and now a lot of people are getting cancer. I never actually knew what it was until this video.
I mean, even without knowing about it, I'd still stay far away from anything that is in a +6 oxidation state
Well, sulfate has a sulfur in a +6 oxidation state, and sulfate is relatively pretty safe.
I don't know what country you are in, but in the US they made a movie titled "Erin Brockovich" (Erin was a real person, but the movie might be better known)
This happened in the netherlands where paint on trains exposed workers to chromium-6
Here is an abstract of an article on the issue
Abstract
The older layers of paint on some trains contain the harmful substance hexavalent chromium, also known as chromium (VI). NS/NedTrain staff may have been exposed to chromium (VI) during maintenance and repair work on trains. This puts them at greater risk of developing certain medical conditions, including certain types of cancer, allergies, chronic lung diseases and perforation of the nasal septum. The extent of this risk cannot be determined, as the extent of exposure to chromium (VI) is unknown. Furthermore, the risk of developing these conditions depends not only on exposure to chromium (VI), but also on other causative factors. NS/NedTrain failed to comply with the regulations that were in place to protect staff from exposure to chromium (VI) for many years.
This is the outcome of an RIVM study into chromium (VI) exposure during work at NS/NedTrain. The study covered the period from 1970 until 2020. As NS/NedTrain did not collect any measurement data during the vast majority of the period covered by the study, the extent of exposure to chromium (VI) is unknown.
What is clear, however, is that there was considerable variety in terms of individual exposure to chromium (VI): between and within roles, between different NS/NedTrain sites and over the years. For that reason, the study focused on the probability of staff having been exposed to chromium (VI) in these different situations. The study shows that staff were mainly exposed to chromium (VI) through fine particles that they inhaled while working on older layers of paint, such as during sanding and welding. This exposure exceeded the level associated with applying new layers of paint containing chromium (VI).
Moreover, the study revealed that although NS/NedTrain had the intention of fulfilling its duty of care to staff properly, it failed to do so in practice. Only a few managers and others who were responsible for health and safety in the workplace were aware of the risks posed by chromium (VI), which is why staff were not aware of these either. To the extent that risks were known, they were primarily associated with work that involved applying new layers of paint containing chromium (VI). There was far less awareness of the risks posed by work on older layers of paint containing chromium (VI) that were already on the trains.
NS/NedTrain took very few measures to reduce exposure, like installing extractor units, nor did it monitor the use of personal protective equipment, such as dust masks, consistently. Staff were not adequately informed of the hazards associated with chromium (VI) and did not undergo regular medical checks to investigate chromium (VI) exposure (or the effects thereof). The level of focus on the issue increased over the course of the period covered by the study, in part due to NS/NedTrain introducing quality control systems for health and safety in the workplace.
These conclusions are substantiated and explained in more detail in three separate subreports. This report is a summary of all subreports and presents the final conclusions.
@@EntialI mean it's relatively safe but it can still have some rough effects on your body
13:09 This mixture is not only good for cleaning. Since sulphuric acid is very valuable for hobby chemists, many collect it, purify it and distill it to get 98% H2SO4 again.
I'd rather pay some extra bucks for a new sulfuric acid bottle, rather than distilling H2SO4 along with an unknown quantity of H2CrO4 and other Cr derivatives
@@phobos1963I was going to say chromium doesn't tend to volatilize easily. Then I remembered chromyl chloride is a thing and suddenly find myself agreeing with you 😅
@@mmmhorsesteaksGOOD CALL
Your videos are really cool and I particularly like that you show the reaction equations, it makes it easier for me to understand what is going on. I love this channel and I'm happy to see it grow!
Glad you like them!
Man, honestly how could I haven't known about this channel so far? Sub. Also in my lab tomorrow I'm planning on preparing some AlCl³ and honestly, watching the Al get absolutely recked by the concentrated HCl is just too satisfying
I have a few 1kg jars of this chemical (CrO3). I keep it in several bags, in a box, in a another bag and locked inside a sealed plastic boxe inside a locked lab closet. I rarely mess with it, but when i do it's generally a whole ordeal. I usually only mess with it when someone needs some.
I have the same janky oven :D Used it to dry amanita a bunch.
Ahhh that freakin fantistic funky fungi
"forbidden Cheeto(tm) dust" - LOL
Concerning the the chrome alum crystal: While reducing the solution with ethanol, it is crucial to have your temp below 40°C, because you will get different hydration isomers. [Cr(H2O)6]2(SO4)3 (violet) changes to the green isomer [Cr(H2O)4SO4]SO4 (green) above 40°C, which explains, why your solution turns green/yellow and your crystals also have a different and weird structure. I guess the green crystal changes back into the purple form after letting it sit around for a long time, because the crystal pulls water out from the air. The slower the evaporation of your solution, the more uniform the crystal. In the lab, we normally fill a beaker with the solution, put some parafilm over the top and poke just a few holes into it. It sometimes takes up to 2 months for a clear/clean crystal to form, but they are really uniform (and mutagenic but who cares haha) and shiny.
Congrats on the 50k man, nice video as always
Thanks!
Congrats on 50k, you should have millions!
Happy two-year anniversary! Good job getting 50k subscribers!
Thanks!
I'm starting to fall in love with chromium chemistry more and more as time goes on (though I've always really liked it ever since I first saw it demoed).. it's always so colourful ,the different salts and other molecules/compounds you can make using it! Almost always visually stunning, and more often than not super toxic and dangerous too xD.
loved the vid, and congo for the 2 years anniversary!
One thing I found useful for getting crystals you want to preserve out of that situation is to only add small amounts of the solvent around the edges, just enough so that it can get underneath and free the bond with the glass. Usually the mass will just want to fall out when decanting the solvent, and the biggest issue becomes breaking the crystals on something they hit on the way out.
Ethanol is not oxidized to acetic acid but to acetaldehyde by dichromate in an acidified solution.
Btw.: In the EU it's not allowed to use chromium VI compounds commercially anymore without a special complicated and expensive to get permission.
Yes it is. The acetaldehyde from the first oxidation can be further oxidized by chromic acid. Does the regulation apply to him?
@@hantrio4327
If he registered a business for his channel because of sponsoring and monetization, REACH regulations do also apply here.
Dichromate is a specific oxidizer of alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes. There is no further oxidation up to the carboxylic acid or all the most in traces. For further oxidation even stronger oxidizers like permanganate are needed.
@@hantrio4327
If he registered a business, yes.
Chromium VI oxidizes specifically alcohol to aldehyde, for further oxidation permangante would be needed.
@@experimentalchemistry-os It wouldn't apply if what he is doing is considered scientific experimentation. About the chromium oxidation you are wrong. Yes it is possible to produce aldehyde from the reaction of primary alcohols with chromic acid but only under certain conditions. The aldehyde can easily be oxidized to a carboxylic acid under different conditions. You need other Cr(VI)-reagents like PCC to selectively oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes.
@@hantrio4327
He is monetized and sponsored, so the status is quite clear.
I often prepared acetaldehyde this way in the past and there never was acetic acid detectable in the product.
Ive used this method to make chromium alum before, and the water being blue is normal. It's some Cr III product left over from the reduction step. The best method is to pour off the liquid after cooling and wash the crystals with wet ethanol. They should turn out purple.
i think ill just get some vinegar from the store thanks.... chromium scares me....
Turning forks into an awesome crystal cookie. This is what I'm here for. Happy Birthday!!!
Paused at 16:36 with every intention of continuing:
My friend, Mr Chemist Deluxe... Holy crap! I mean this in the best possible way.
The way you have (so far) described everything has been exceptional. So much detail, but in such a solid presentation.
Your little humorous jabs here and there have had me laughing pretty good so far. Very well done.
Thank you for all you do.
I'm going to continue and finish watching your outstanding video.
I only just stumbled across this video, and when I say I stopped crocheting to whisper, "You what?" When he so casually states that he's just going to "Whip up some Nitric Acid".... of course I had no other choice but to subscribe...
6:00 ahhhhh, nothing suspicious to see
🥄💨
13:23 "Our Pantry" on the lid. Fits contents very well :D
10:13 bro i cook my food on that same brand of pan 💀
Your content is incredible but what really inspires me is your use of black background. You even made sure that lazy Susan platform was black to match the background. Pouring the H2SO4 into the gently spinning beaker was pure art.
Your videos are a fascinating look at what chemistry can be, and quite frankly this is as close to your fume hood as I ever want to be 😅
@Amateur Chemistry One funny thing most people don´t know is that the reaction between ethanol and an aqueous solution of potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid is actually what happens when drunk people are subjected to the breathalyzer. Inside the breathalyzer there´s also an apparatus that relates the color of the resulting solution to the alcohol content in the person's blood.
you should make a whole pallete of cancer paints
I believe you have graduated from amateur chemistry to full blown professional chemistry.
Ah, so that's what they put in the Fuego Takis
I really like how this guy phrases things.....
For example
Cherry on top of cancerogenic cake lol
All those colors from one element - truly, Chroma Chameleon.
Back when I was a student, we would routinely clean lab glassware with chromic acid. We are living in the good old days.
Acid marinated forks is my new favourite ingredient.
1:14 Satan's cornflakes
looks exactly like luciferium from RimWorld
I worked for a hazardous waste recycling plant in the 1980s. When they were trying to develop an economical industrial process to reduce chromic acid, they tried carbon, which did not work, sodium metabisulfite, which worked pretty well, and eventually sulfur dioxide gas. However, we never tried alcohol.
If only i'd had you as my high school chemistry teacher...
Wondering why you didn't have much lab equipment and was shocked at the end when you said you only have 50k subs, absolutely shocked. Very good quality video - very well filmed - very calming accent, you've earned a sub!!
22:44 this is SO the purple Fruit Pastille. lool
Great video! One nit: at 4:22 you show chromium metal dissolving in HCl and describe the salt being formed as CrCl3. It is actually in the sky-blue Cr2+ oxidation state at this point, CrCl2 if you dried the solution (in the absence of oxygen!).
Now you can go for vanadium, almost as colourful, , but much less toxic!
Wonderful, fascinating, and hilarious! Many thanks!
congrats on 50K subs sir! youre doing god's work or something. good on you!
Tomorrow is my exam for a language that I don't speak and here I am watching Amateur Chemistry. Aw man it shucks to be ADHD
You should fight fire with fire and change your class to chemistry right before the exams and then go ace an exam you didn't even study for (intentionally at least) using your ADHD's tendencies against it's self. :P
Mmm, I don't think the teflon tape is gonna save that lid. That'll rot in a week or so
Well teflon will keep the chemical in. Literally NOTHING can react with teflon under standard conditions
I found 500 grams of this in the local dump which some nice sole just threw out in the landfill people are awwesome.
I found over 300g of iodine in a dump once.
Ding my PhD at Imperial College in 1980, using chromium trioxide dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid was a standard way to clean glassware. It would even remove carbonised crud directly oxidising it to CO2
Thanks
Thank you for such a gigantic donation and becoming a Patron! I appreciate it so much :)
@@Amateur.Chemistry You're welcome, I love your content, I do not understand most of it, but I enjoy letting my brain give it a try 😁
Oh cool, I didn't know you could 1. grow alum crystals with the green complex, or 2. that they would convert over time!
The thing with chromium coordination complexes is, they're generally very strong, slow to change; once a green or bluish solution is formed (chloride or sulfate complex, I think?), it tends to stay that way. Whatever ligands are present during chromate reduction, tend to be what the complex forms with. Evidently, this stubbornness extends into crystallization; what grew, might not be alum at all, crystallographically speaking. Even cooler though, it seems it reconfigured on resting; if it was a different crystal, what you have now is evidently a polymorph after the original!
Solid state transformations are common enough in simple compounds like metal oxides (or metal alloys); cool to see it in complex ionic compounds like this. :)
This is the main ingredient ih Alodine 1200, which until quite recently was the standard conversion coating used to prepare aluminum alloys for finishing, especially on aircraft. Most industries have phased out hexavalent chromium due to its propensity to contaminate ground water.
Cr(VI) has such a fascinating chemistry. Too bad it’s too dangerous and not the best compound to own for an average person for science experiments at home.
I did the dichromate reduction with ethanol and let the temperature get a little too high. The ethanol was oxidized all the way to acetaldehyde.
Funnily enough i made some of this a while back for a big chromium project I'll never finish at this rate lol. I'm not sure if the method I used is more or less dangerous, but I added potassium dichromate directly to the concentrated sulfuric acid and didn't really involve water much at all. Also, glacial acetic acid and acetone can both be used to rinse the chromium trioxide, although the acetone might react at higher temperatures, not 100% sure 😅 either way fantastic job! Beautiful camera work and the black background really makes the red trioxide pop
EDIT: I just tried again out of curiosity and acetone can NOT be used for the rinse, but glacial acetic acid works fine 😅
Back when I was doing a work study at university we had to use this once. We all called it chrozone. Haha.
The red is amazing. How cool chromium oxide looks
Congrats on 50k🎉
Thank you!
What you do is extraordinary and wonderful !❤❤
Thank you!
The problem with chromium 3 salts is the formation of weird hydroxy complexes. If your solution is green you'll likely have a ahrd time crystalizing it, but it should turn more purple on standing. I dissolved some forks in sodium disulfate and salt, and it took a month for the solution to settle down.
Im so glad i found your channel! Chemistry is so cool! Thanks for the amazing video
As a galvanizer I workded with this salt. The Chrome electolyte we used to have was based on CrO3. Was o fun to work with, but beautiful plating results
pretty sure you can also turn vodka into vinegar with potassium permanganate... tho KMnO4 tends to turn alcohols exclusively into carboxylic acids whereas this angry stuff you have can turn alcohols into aldehydes as well as carboxylic acids.
Yeah, even though the chromium route is much more difficult I will still do it since it fits this whole series so well :)
@@Amateur.Chemistry Lookin forward to seeing that, I'm a big fan! This kind of sketchy chem always gets me excited :D
I love the idea of the forks reincarnating in to a cristal
I don't know if it works, but on YT is somebody preparing the same stuff, but uses for the rinsing step glacial acetic acid instead of HNO3. Possibly it works in a satisfactory way, since acetic acid is quite stable against oxydizing agents and reasonable volatile (and relatively easy to obtain).
Love you awesome youtuber
The fact that it has such a strong red color doesn't help, I wanna make it myself
Hi, i love your videos, and I have an idea for a future video : transforming white spirit into alcohol and carboxylic acids to make nice smelling esters !
Thanks! I will look into this :)
potion of instant harming goes hard
You know your biological clock is 6 feet under already when a youtuber from your country uploads in the evening and you are 12 hours late because you were mimimimimi
All those extremly dangerous chemicals all have such amazing colors :)
"Potion of instant harming" made me laugh so hard I woke the baby up. Bravo sir.
I thought you might be interested in a practical use I ran across for Chromium Trioxide several decades ago.
As a"test solution" for relatively high silver content in unknown metal items.
(I found this in a VERY old book of "handy chemicals and chemical reactions".)
The application is simply a solution of chromium trioxide in concentrated nitric acid (I forget the exact proportions but I don't think they're critical).
Back in those days I was involved in making jewelry and often came across "silver" jewelry and flatware of unknown silver content.
And, back then, we didn't have desktop spectrometers and such.
Anyway... to use the solution you simply place a drop on the clean surface of your unknown metal...
With other "common metals", and low purity silver alloys, there is not much reaction...
But, if the metal is reasonably pure silver, the solution immediately turns bright opaque blood red...
(This worked on most common silver jewelry, coins, and flatware made out of other common alloys...)
I had a chrome plating company for fifty years, mainly using hexavalent chrome solutions. It is an industry that uses huge quantities of Cr6, and you learn to respect it. I had an explosion once and i was showered in the stuff , it was dripping off my nose but I am still here...We now use trivalent solutions , they are safer but the finish is crap by comparison..
the shape of the crystals that formed from the alum appear to be in an isometric lattice. this of particular note as that lattice structure is extremely important to my field of geology, as a crystal that forms in all directions (isometrically), at the same rate, allows us to determine the chemical evolution of magma during the developmental period of the crystals (spinel and garnet are especially good for this use case). although a chromium salt/oxide obviously wouldn't be stable at magmatic PT conditions, it does raise the question of what utility a relatively inert (potentially) isometric crystal (like the chromium ones you made) could have in other reactions where trace element abundance over time may be an important factor. very cool!
Ah CrO3, my most favorite and most cancerous catalyst
As always great material! :)
yeah the polish speech makes this the absolute best video ive watched this month
0:38 I don't think I need to explain in detail what this activity looks like (if you ignore the fact that the substance usually is not red). 😳🤣🤣🤣
Hah I was gonna make a similar comment, and it can often be dark brown with a orangey huge (depending what's mixed with it and where it was originally made) ... it just looks like someone's cranked up the colour saturation here xD.
Oh boy
14:52
Compulsive Jarring Disorder xDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
Also works with ammonium dichromate ,And it can be dried on a sand stone ,it does work [ on a small scale]
Damn those crystals look incredible!!!
I'd like to ask a question if I may. I have stainless-steel pots and I used to soak them with bleach overnight if I 'forgot' to clean them for a month with some food in them (had mental-health issues, better now). One of them has its bottom-side really discolored, like gray and blu-ish and has eroded in places and has some sort of metal blisters and pits from the 5% bleach concentrate. I also sometimes cook chicken stew which has vinegar in that pot. Question is: just how much (if any) cancer-juice did I subject myself to?
acid marinated forks haha
i like how it's conveniently red to indicate it is dangerous
I worked in Stoppani (Italy) a factory of CR03...we use to put it on grease and light it out.
That was the most surreal thing that's happened to me. I clicked this video right after listening to Walk Through the Park