Space Science Tutorial: Spring and Neap Tides
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 20 ธ.ค. 2017
- This space science tutorial video explains why the oceans experience two extra large tides, called spring tides, and two smaller tides, called neap tides, each month.
This combination of the moon and sun's gravities, only align at the New Moon and Full Moon, and exaggerate the tides at these times, resulting in Spring Tides.
On the other hand, the sun's and moon's gravities don't align at the First and Third Quarter, so the tides at these times are smaller than usual, resulting in Neap Tides.
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Video transcript:
Tides are caused by the moon's gravitational force pulling on the earth and its oceans with different strengths. 611 The pull on the near-side ocean is the strongest because it's the closest, so it moves towards the moon most. The earth also moves towards the moon, but not so much as it's further away. Finally, the far-side ocean moves towards the moon least, because it's farthest from the moon. These movements due to gravity create 2 high tides and 2 low tides as the earth rotates through 24 hours.
But there's a big object that's missing from our diagram- the sun. If we back up, we can also see the sun and how it lights up both the earth and moon into their day and night sides. In this New Moon position we can only see the moon's night side, so it's invisible to us from earth. It's right in front of the sun. As the moon completes its monthly orbit, our view on earth changes to the 1st quarter where we can see half its day and half its night sides, then to the Full Moon when we can see its whole day side, then to the 3rd quarter, before returning to the New Moon to start all over again.
Does the sun also pull on the oceans and make them bulge like the moon does?] Yes, but the sun is much further away than the moon making its tidal effect is only about half compared to the moon's.
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The bulge on the other side of the earth is not because the moon or sun gravitational force pulls the Earth itself, it’s because the moon's gravity stretches the water along that axis, and cause bulge on other side.
When I first clicked on the video I thought about disliking because I hated learning about tides for school, and it was too hard for me. Watched the whole video and there is no way I’m disliking this, everything is crystal clear and take my like
Great to hear :)
Thanks a lot. I literally struggled to visualize and wanted to see the earth and moon's spinning position in relation to each other. This animation really helps.
Thanks Pallavi. I hope to make more videos on tides.
Agree💖 Thanks a lot !!
OMGG you’re like an excellent teacher!! Your two videos about tides have practically taught the entire lesson to me!!
Lot of love from India!!
💜
What a great message! Thanks.
@@AtomicSchool ofcourse! Thanks so much. Its youtubers like you that make me so happy and eager to learn not the boring tecahers who keep rambling on about. atopic with no joy
@@AtomicSchool your videos are so brief, though informationally dense. Thanks
Probably the best explanation you'll find anywhere for simplicity and clarity.
Question:Earth is bigger than moon , it means earth is also bigger in gravitational pull than moon, if moon attracts the water on the surface of Earth, then earth is also attracting its water WHICH IS AT ITS SURFACE, the net force is towards the earth,
Then, how moon can attract the water of Earth.???
(Reason: 1water is at Earth's surface, 2 Earth is bigger in size and gravity).
who else here from online classes
Haha me
Our professor suggested these videos.
Not me....
me
We have this fucking science assessment and I will hear this video in my nightmare for how many times I’ve had to hear it. No offence to the creator. But I’ve watched this so many times it’s not funny
The moon's gravity pulls the earth towards the moon causing the water on the opposite side of earth to bulge. But earth's gravity isn't strong enough to counter this bulge?
The water on the top and bottom of earth is close to earth because of earth's gravity. Why isn't the water on the opposite side of earth close to earth, from earth's gravity?
I think if we take away the moon's gravity, then the oceans on the earth would be the same every where. The differences we see because of the moon's. pull.
@@MissVungtaunguyen Why is there a high tide on the opposite side of earth, from the moon?
@@al1383 Due to centrifugal force
bruh. come on.
For the same reason astronauts don't feel gravity because their ship is spinning around the earth suffering a centrifugal forze equal to the centripetal forze from gravity.
Because earth and moon spin around their common center of gravity counteracting the gravity forze that otherwise would make moon and earth come sticked together in a very short time.
Im only watching this because of this quarantine stuff, online school sucks
Noted.
THANK YOU!!, THATS EXACTLY WHAT I WAS GUNNA SAY
same lol
II Prior same
Me too
I like your way of speaking. You are not going too too fast. Thanks
I've watched several video on tides but i can't understand one thing. Why, when the earth is between the moon and the sun, the tides are as strong as when the moon and the sun are aligned on one side of the earth? I mean, when they are on the same side of the earth, their gravitational pull is stronger, becouse it's moon + sun in one direction, but when they are at the two sides of the earth, shouldn't their gravitational fields fight one against the other causing the tides to be less extreme?
Good question. BOTH the moon and sun make bulges on BOTH sides of the earth. So both bulges will be increased when the moon and sun become aligned, irrespective of whether the moon and sun are on the same side, or on opposite sides of the earth.
@@AtomicSchool Right, thanks for the answer! i haven't tought about the fact that the bulges can be caused by both the sun and moon. Btw, while trying to understand this thing i've watched a lot of videos, and yours, the two you made about tides, are the best on youtube, very good job!
@@greatgazelle4028 Great to hear, Gazelle. Thanks.
Good straightforward video, nailed my quiz in science. Thank you! 😊
Great to hear :)
what a marvellous explanation, I will never forget this concept in my life.
Thanks for your feedback Gudiya.
Before seeing this video I was not able to understand tides but after the video I am full clear about the concept and science of tides
That's great to hear, Sonu.
After watching a lot of videos i understood this from here so easily.
Tnx sir
Thanks for your feedback, Tipu
why in full moon also we have sprig tide as the gravity of sun and moon arn in the opposite direction?
You are nerd
Good question! Moon, although tiny, is much closer than Sun, so has greater gravitational effect than the Sun. Gravity is a really weak force that reduces drastically with distance (Inverse square)
Great video! Straightforward and easy to follow.
I think the earth spins because when the sun and moons are in perpendicular orientation, the sum of the gravitational pull acts like a rope to spin the earth!. Could the water at the other side of the moon be bulging due to centripetal force? I think it makes a better explanation!
The moon is going to change the center of axes for the earth, and it will somehow add a centripetal force opposite of the moon!
Scientists believe the earth formed from slowly spinning dust 4.5 billion years ago. As it was pulled together by gravity between the particles, the spinning rate increased due to conservation of angular momentum. Regarding the centrifugal force explanation I am will upload a video debunking that soon.
@user-mr2sq4gm5e if you look at how you generate neutron beams, you really need two electric fields to generate neutron beam! I think they are related!
?@@kmyase1
Centrifugal force of
Wow , what a presentation , i could travel to moon earth and sun at the same time. Cleared my doubt.
In a straight line, Karan :)
4:17
That's the demonstration I've been looking for!
Also, thank you.
Great to hear, thanks.
Best video EVER for teaching middle schoolers and those that need modifications. Thank You for helping educators!!!! Rock the knowledge for student engagement.
Totally thank you!
Thank you for your great feedback!
Hello. Thank you for making this video as it was brilliant. May I ask, is there any chance you could do a video as of why tidal locking takes place? I can’t see to fully understand the reasoning behind it.
Thank you for explaining a difficult concept that Middle school students will comprehend!
Thanks for the feedback, Asifah. Actually we are finding that primary school students can also understand these concepts. We have underestimated them.
You solved my 50-year-old problem. Thank you. God bless you.
Wow! Great to hear.
I'm confused. You said at the end that Each month the "sun" spins almost 30 times. Is that supposed to be sun or earth??
Why spring tide also happened during a full moon? I mean during a new moon, I get it that the sun pulling force assist / join with the moon pulling force to pull the water stronger toward the moon (the water is pulling on 1 side). But during full moon, isnt it the earth will be pulled on both side, say on its right by the sun and on its left by the moon, therefore, it's like they are cancelling each other?
The shape of the ocean is distorted more if pulled from both sides, so a Spring Tide.
The centrifugal explanation for tides is wrong,
Really, it's so helpful.
You make Learning Easy for Children like ME..!!..
Thanks a lot.. 🙏🥰
From : India
Good to hear :)
I have to say something to you ....
It is only children not children’s because children is only the plural form
To : Manoj kumar
@@reenapereira1616 Thanks Reena. Still, I knew what Manoj meant :)
@@reenapereira1616 Thanks for telling..
I typed Mistenkly..
@@Manojkumar-dy7vv it’s ok I just wanted to let people know the proper English for their good
This is perfect! Never really understood this but your graphics represented the information well. Thank you
Great to hear!
Wow, this helped me a lot with a topic I have been fighting with, thank you!!!
Omg bro you litterally explained the whole serie,you just amazing,but the whole serie of tides containes also the first video of moon rotation and the tides that it makes
Thanks for your great feedback!
Thank you for explaining something that I never understood in a way that makes sense,
You're welcome, Danielle
Thanks for making such amazing videos😊👍🏻.
It has taught me the entire ls in a simple manner which is more interesting which the teachers wud have taught me in the school in a really BORING way🙄
Thanks for your feedback, Aditi. You're totally welcome.
Thank you, I've been trying to figure this out for ages, this was really useful.
Recently started sea swimming and have watched umpteen videos trying to understand the tides, this is *by far* the clearest. Thank you! Just one question. I understand the reasoning for the spring tide when it's a new moon- the sun and moon are in line and therefore the force of gravity is drawing the ocean in the same 'direction' (the right on this diagram). But when it's a full moon aren't the sun and moon essentially pulling in opposite directions resulting in a less dramatic difference between high and low? Thanks again!
Thanks for your feedback. Having the moon and sun on the opposite sides of the earth is a bit counter-intuitive, but both have additive tidal effects. That's because the tidal effect is due to the DIFFERENCE between the gravitational forces on the near and far side oceans, for each of the moon and sun respectively. This means that, for both positions, both the moon and sun stretch the oceans, making them "double-stretched". Hope that helps :)
I literally struggled to visualise to but your video was so helpful for me to understand this topic
Thanks heaps, Amit
The voice is like warm butter
I have checked thousands of videos,but this one cleared my concepts within minutes,everything was explained so well,thank you ❤
Very nice comment, thanks Esmariaa
can you make video on cold water currents and warm water currents
That's not my specialty, Saroj :(
Great video. i used it to help my nephew understand the subject and it works, thanks👍🏻
There are many videos trying to explain and this one is the best that I've seen so far.
Great to hear, Jose.
@@enpassant1119 I think that he did explain about the baricenter in another video, but I don't think that he mentioned that we should consider baricenter as a fix point, instead of the center of the earth.
continuously changing positions under the surface of the earth in a 24h period.
Centrifugal forces counteracting the gravity forces between moon and earth, is what actually stretches the seas in and out the directions of the straight lines defined by the center of gravity of the moon and baricenter, which are the same straight lines defined by the center of earth and baricenter.
Seas are being pooled towards the moon by gravity forces and pushed away of the moon by centrifugal forces of equal magnitudes that counteract because their vectors form 180 degrees. In a period of six hours, the seas are mainly still but the rest of the earth, excluding seas, moves 90 degrees in this shorthand period of time.
Actually the seas don't move themselves respect to the moon, they are still aligned with the line defined by the baricenter and the moon. It's the solid earth that has moved a lot while the tide in a certain location goes from highest to lowest in the meantime, but the seas don't move at all!
I'm only mentioning the moon because the effect of its presence is more than twice the effect of the sun.
That's why the distance between moon and earth is mainly constant, because centrifugal and centripetal (gravity) forces counteract. Other centrifugal and gravity forces, mainly from the sun, avoid the distance moon-earth being exactly constant.
@@enpassant1119 Yeap! There are too many things that are removed because they are too close to the truth these days. In fact my perception is that only telling big lies is allowed in the press, radio and TV. Wikipedia and TH-cam are no exceptions.
I didn't know that my comments were removed, but it does not surprise me at all.
BTW the moon-earth baricenter is so close to earth that is always moving under the surface of the earth. I don't know for sure but most probably the sun-earth baricenter falls moving well inside the sun, considering the the big distance but also the huge mass of the sun.
This guy might understand everything about tides or he might not. Tides are interesting but their understanding is not too complex. Very precise formulas a century old have been giving predictions of theorical tides, at any location, at any date forever.
Maybe he understands well, but his orders are to keep ignorance surviving. Too many teachers, as well as all journalists and politicians, avoid telling anything but what the bunch of lies that were told to them. Even doctors are lying everywhere.
For sure he's not perfect, but I liked his video.
@@enpassant1119 I did find it and had a lot of fun. Thanks for your kind words and for pointing it out.
@@enpassant1119 I don't know what I'm missing but I'll be pleased to learn it.
One thing I must say is that in equinoxes, around the end of March and September, the combined effects of sun and moon are maximum, because the 23.5 degrees tilt of the axis.
After a lifetime experience with boats since I was born, is that the precise high and low tide hours and levels never match the theorical ones. Atmospheric pressure wind speed and direction, andtbe shapes of the coasts mess it al up. I always round the time to the closest hour despite all minutes, and to the closest foot or a third of a meter.
High pressure drops water level by one centimeter per extra milibar over the standard 1013mb value. Winds against land also increases hight and makes the high tide to come sooner.
I'm thanking you sir for the simplest explanations.
It's very helpful for understanding.
Great to hear, Joseph. And thanks for your feedback.
Omg thank you so much! I literally got so confused with this lesson. Your video is so helpful and easy to understand!
You're very welcome!
Nice video very informative, But i have one question why there is another spring tide in full mon, i mean if moon pull from an opposite direction than the sun , and the moon have higher gravity we will end up with a tide slightly towards the moon why there is a high spring tide there? I'm right?
a fantastic resource for upper stages of Primary School. Thank you
Great explanation to something that confused me for years! Thanks! 😄
I'm pleased to hear it, James.
Super video, Great explanation. Watching this nearlly at the anniversary of the flood that occured at our place during a spring tide.
I just love this video!!! I watched so many videos but only this one helped me :)
Thanks heaps :)
Thank you very much for sharing!
I have watched 5 videos and them came at your channel finally able to understand it
After watching 7 viedos.. .I didn't understand .
But your viedo is amazing... Thanks a lot...
Thanks ... great feedback!
This is the best animation I've seen. Hope in the future an additive blue tide is added. So when in new moon more blue area is shown and in quarters be less showing the resultant between gravitational forces. Maybe I'm asking too much....
Lovely explaination sir
Solid gold explanation. 💯
Thanks bro needed this for my exam
Thank you for explaining!
You are welcome, Denis.
Hi.. Good explanation. A small correction at 4:30, in total 60 (30 sets) high tides and 60 (30 sets) low tides- out of which 4 (2 sets) are spring tides and 4 (2 sets) are neap tides.
hi...thanks
just awesome sir.... u explained very easily... tnx a lot...
Thank u very much!
Greetings from Greece.
You're welcome! From Australia.
Thanks. That helped immensely.
Great to hear, Dawn.
thx these are my notes it was helpful :)
Thanks sir your videos are great
Thank you Krishna
Thanks a lot sir I'm from India your videos are in Good Quality and u studied very well ( Namaste )
Thank you!
Great explanation, cheers
This the best video on spring and neap tides
Thank you Satyanarayana.
Thanks, you explained it so clear.
Thanks Leonardo
On the full moon day ,the earth would be in between the moon and the sun.As we know that the gravitational pull is something that attracts any object towards it. The moon's and sun's gravitational pull acts in the opposite direction (as they are on the either side of the earth)which would reduce the resultant and should cause tides of lower height.But, everywhere it is mentioned that both the forces gets added ,how come it happen?
Could you please let me know?
Hi Sushma. Both the moon and sun create oceanic bulges on both sides of earth. When they align, these bulges reinforce each other. I hope that helps.
@@AtomicSchool I had the same question but I did not understand that answer could you please explain it a bit more ?
Excellent explaination. Thnx a lot!
Good to hear, Robert!
Yoo this helped me a lot thx so much
Great to hear!
Very informative. Thank you
Thanks Rodrigo
YOU ARE SUCH A LIFE SAVER!!!!!!!!!!
Thank you!
:)
What is the neap high and spring high
WOW!! Thank you so much for this!
I'm glad that you liked it, Nozi.
Thank you sooooo much this video really helped
Great to hear, Zian.
Very much informative.This will help anglers like myself. Thank you sir.👍👍👍
ha ha. Thanks Siyabonga.
Question:Earth is bigger than moon , it means earth is also bigger in gravitational pull than moon, if moon attracts the water on the surface of Earth, then earth is also attracting its water WHICH IS AT ITS SURFACE, the net force is towards the earth,
Then, how moon can attract the water of Earth.???
(Reason: 1water is at Earth's surface, 2 Earth is bigger in size and gravity).
Will there not be 4 spring tides and 4 neap tides in a month having total 60 tides? Because near new moon phase, any place on the earth will experience high tide twice? Same for no moon phase.
Interesting point. But by the time the earth revolves for the 2nd spring tide the new moon will have moved on and no longer be new.
Great tutorial.. it helped me a lot. Thank you so much
You're welcome!
Thank you, that was a really helpful animation and explanation.
You're welcome, Hazel.
How can I answer this question without graphical visualisation-->
The question is: *At the time of combined gravitational pull of moon and sun on earth,why tidal bulge forms on the opposite end as well?*
Great question. The sun on one side creates bulges on _both_ sides to the earth. The moon on the other side creates bulges on _both_ sides of the earth. When combined, _both_ bulges will be larger. It's counterintuitive.
Thanks this was awesome and it rlly helped!!!
Just beautiful explanation, thanks
Thank you Saeed.
Thank you so much
Hi I have a doubt whether the ocean tides moves northern hemisphere to Southern hemisphere?
Thank you for great explanation 😊☺️
thanks help's me out and saves time
Welcome :)
Really helpful for my lesson today.
Great to hear, Sovannarith!
Question:Earth is bigger than moon , it means earth is also bigger in gravitational pull than moon, if moon attracts the water on the surface of Earth, then earth is also attracting its water WHICH IS AT ITS SURFACE, the net force is towards the earth,
Then, how moon can attract the water of Earth.???
(Reason: 1water is at Earth's surface, 2 Earth is bigger in size and gravity).
Thanks for the vid
At the full moon they are alined but gravity of the moon and sun are in OPPOSITE direction. So why do we have spring tide again instead of mildest one? Am i missing something?
Great question, Andriy. BOTH the sun and moon create bulges on BOTH ends of the earth's ocean. This means that they add, not subtract when aligning. Like pulling a rubber band from both ends.
The tidal stretching is not due to the absolute gravitational attractions to the moon, or sun, but the DIFFERENCES in attractions. These create bulges at both ends.
Brilliant, the best tutorial on the tides I’ve seen, good show Sir..
@@PaulR387 Thanks Paul ... much appreciated.
Thanks sir for making the concept clear.
You're welcome, Usman
Thanks a lot. Easy to understand. I was confused in books but clear now.
Great feedback. Thanks.
@@AtomicSchool Thanks to you sir, keep doing videos like this.
Thank you for this video.
You're welcome!
Great explanation
Thanks Rakesh
I've seen this same explanation on several TH-cam videos. It's really not correct. It fails to take into account that the moon is orbiting around the earth. It is this motion, not the differential in gravity between the side nearer the moon and the side of the earth far from the moon, that is the primary driver of tides. This is not quite so simple to understand, but I'll try to explain it.
The speed an object orbits depends on its distance from the object it is orbiting around. An object in a distant orbit moves slower than one in a close orbit. for a large object like the earth or moon, the distance is determined by the center of mass. For example, the speed at which the mood orbits the earth is determined by the location of its center of mass. This means that only the center of the moon, near the center of mass, is moving at the speed required to maintain orbit. The far side of the moon is forced to move at the speed of the center of mass since they are connected together, but if the far side could be disconnected from the center, it would fly away from the earth because it is moving too fast for its distance from earth to remain in a stable orbit. Similarly, the side of the moon close to the earth is moving too slow to maintain a stable orbit, and if it were to be detached from. the center of the moon, would fall towards earth. The differential in distance from the near side to the far side cause stress in opposite directions, tending to stretch an object towards at the near side, and away at the far side, with respect to the object it orbits around. This stretching force is known as a tidal force. It is a result of the centripetal force of the orbiting object, which applies much more force that the gravity differential described in this video.
The same stretching force is applied to the Earth as it orbits the sun and moon. Yes, the Earth is orbiting the moon even though we normally think of the moon as orbiting the earth. The fact is that both objects are moving around a point that represents the center of mass of the Earth/moon system. The Earth is therefore subject to the same stretching tidal forces as the moon, but unlike the moon, the Earth is covered with water, which can move under influence of the tidal force. As described above, this causes the water on the side closest to the moon to "fall" towards the moon, and the water on the far side to be flung away from the moon, making two high-tide lumps on opposite sides of the earth.
As I said above, this is somewhat hard to explain. Let me know if you need further clarification.
Thanks for the very informative video,and a local video too👌👍🏼
Thanks for your feedback :)
well explained thanks!
You're welcome, Nilah.
Very clear - thank you
Thanks Chris
Thanks for the great explanation
You're welcome!
Can you please tell, during the full moon day the moon reflects the sun's light fully on earth & does that create eny affect on attraction than the new moon day.First thank you for your video ☺️
Hi Ranjan. No, the extra light because we can see the full reflection of the moon has no gravitational effect. Light has no gravity. However, the full and new moon both happen when the sun-earth-moon align, so we get higher spring tides because the sun and moon gravities combine.
Thanks again for quik response.i got it.
@@ranjanperera8511 :)
This is great. Could you do a video explaining why summer on one hemisphere = winter on the other? So for example why when it's summer in the U.S. it's winter in New Zealand. If the earth is orbiting the sun on an elliptical orbit one would think that when the earth was farthest from the sun it should be winter on both hemispheres and when it is closest to the sun it should be summer in both hemispheres. This always puzzled me.
Hi John, thanks. The seasons are not caused by the elliptical orbit, but by the earth's tilt when rotating on its axis. This angles one hemisphere towards the sun cause its summer, and the other hemisphere away from the sun causing winter. Then 6 months later the first hemisphere angles away, and the other towards, causing the opposite seasons. Here's a video on that (not mine) th-cam.com/video/WLRA87TKXLM/w-d-xo.html
@@AtomicSchool Cool, thanks for the knowledge and the link.
@@jonjameson2629 Pleasure
Yes it has to do with the axis tilts, hence why the equator is always the most warm/mild no matter what tilt because that area is the least affected.
thanks a lot for the explanation
:)
whats better spring tides or neap tides in general?
Probably spring tides encaustic the waves are bigger
i'd say neap tides because that's usually the time i go to collect seafood -^-
Thank you so much 😊