When I first read Ernest Hemingway's short story "Hills Like White Elephants" I sincerely had no idea that the topic of abortion was the main conversational topic of interest being discussed between Jig and the man. While I was reading the story, there was so much dialogue going back and forth that I eventually got lost with who was saying what, but thanks to this lecture I was able to understand it more clearly and distinctly in respect to what was happening and being said in the story. For me, I think Ernest Hemingway is of a writer that popularized the writing style of writing simply and concisely; however, in his short story "Hills Like White Elephants" this can be said otherwise. I like how as I was reading this story Hemingway does a great job of writing about a careless, heartless individual who feels no remorse in influencing a woman to commit something atrocious and controversial. When we think about Ernest Hemingway's time, we can also discover how there were many botched abortions being committed by negligent doctors during these times and how it left women with infections that led to death. In addition to the abortions happening during Hemingway's time the doctors did not even use anesthesia because it took to long for women to recover. What's even worse when taking this information into consideration is while the girl in the short story is indecisive of whether or not to get the abortion, the man on the other hand tells her "It's really an awfully simple operation, Jig,’ the man said. ‘It's not really an operation at all." Taking this heartlessness and impetuousness into account, Hemingway outlines in great detail how men handled potential abortion situations whenever they arose. In addition to the abortion-related issue present in the story, the man never literally mentions the elephant in the room which is abortion, and this further demonstrates his flippantness and callousness to a serious issue at hand. Women had not much of a choice or saying in the past when it came to abortions, and so they succumbed to the binds of what their husbands wanted best for them which was them ultimately getting abortions. Lastly, I also like how white elephants symbolize prosperity according to the class lecture and how in the short story the girl (Jig) looks at the mountains and says that it looks like white elephants. I would like to think that Jig said this since she felt an intuitive maternal truth in knowing that in choosing to not have an abortion would bring her not only prosperity and health but also everlasting happiness for having her baby. Who knows. Maybe Jig did have the baby and left her controlling partner in order to ensure their safety. But all in all, it was a wonderful, intriguing story when one has an insight as to what's happening in the story. I hope to read more of Ernest Hemingway in the future. Thank you once again for your helpful lecture!
When I first read this story, like most of Ernest Hemingway's stories, I was a bit confused and overwhelmed. After watching this lecture, it seems very clear what the context of the story is. Your lectures are always very clear and precise. I do appreciate that. I think a lot of what I've learned through these lectures will benefit me in my writing journey.
Another short story that I read for my English 102 class, it was intriguing not only to find the underlying themes and message, but also how vague it is. Hills Like White Elephants truly is a story that one has to reread in order to understand what is going on between the two characters, since the majority of the story is composed of pure dialogue. Despite being vague, Hemingway allows the reader to come up with a conclusion as to what decision the two characters will make. Also the underlying themes of abortion, gender roles and expectations, as well as the symbolism utilized to portray life and death are central to the story.
Many things we dont know about mister Hemingway...dear Whitney. When living in Paris as a struggling writer EH used to go to park to steal stray pigeons wring their neck, take them home for meal...!!!
I think the hidden message in this story is very well represented in the title as it shows overcoming a large event and barrier that the women has to go through. It truly opens you eyes and makes you relaize the imporatnce of events you experienced. The depth of your analysis depicts the characters very well and adds a layer of depth and complexity to the story.
This story is so interesting because of the fact that the title "Hills Like White Elephants" has nothing to do with the actual storyline when looking at it directly. At first this story was a bit weird to grasp to but this lecture did help reiterate the context and give more background to the white elephants and abortion. This story does make me sad for the whole reason that Jig is being pressured to think that this operation is not a big deal and not so much to worry about when in reality she is being put through something that is illegal and very traumatic. However the man is still encouraging jig to follow through with it even though Jig knows the complexity of it. Hemingway does a great job conveying this message as he does not specifically say abortion but in fact covers it up as an operation to keep it less straightforward. I also love the explanation of the symbolism of the white elephants as it could mean that they baby could either be a burden on their relationship, a gift of great means, or even just seen as the elephant in the room, which with this story the abortion is definitely the elephant in the room like you said in the lecture.
This story gave me a stomach ache in a few different ways. The conversation among the couple, the abortion being concealed, or unnamed, and even the idea of having to choose one life over the other. I feel in todays day and age this happens a lot too where couples choose their happiness and the fate of their relationship by whether or not they keep a child. It is heartbreaking. When I first read the story I was very confused on what the operation was, but the video helped clear a lot of it up!
I genuinely aprpeciated Dr. Kosters explanation and interpretation of the Iceberg Theory about "Hills Like White Elephants," as the thought did not cross my mind upon first read. Also the purposeful intent of Hemingway to never explicitly mention the word 'abortion,' yet imply heavily through subtle nods and teases is spine-chilling to say the least. I believe just as important as this story was in the early 20th century, it is still now relevant to many present issues women face around the globe.
Hemingway's use of the iceberg theory is so consistently powerful in every work of his and using it here to talk about abortion is no exception. The route of abortion has Jig happier, but makes the man unhappy. The opposite is true too, and the way that's shown so simply without going incredibly in depth is really powerful.
I love this story so much because of the strange title that has nothing to do with the story itself. The story elaborately flows with the conversation of two people who carry the story, brilliantly written and also taboo for its time. This is another one of those stories that makes you think about life and the way you would carry yourself provided the circumstances.
I really like how the beginning of the video explained the iceberg theory, because stories with this theory is so interesting as it allows you to think outside the box to unravel the true meaning of a story. I like how they don’t specifically say an abortion, but cover it up as an operation. It was illegal, but the man wanted the woman to have one, and the woman was obviously hesitant, rightfully so. Abortions can be physically and mentally traumatic for women, but many men who tell women to get one don’t think about that, nor do they seem to care. The man treating an abortion in a light manner just shows how little he cares about her well being, and sadly shows how many people care little about the well being of women’s choice of abortion.
I find it interesting to note that at the end of the story, the decision to board the train is used to represent the decision to get an abortion or not, i.e., getting on the train means getting the abortion (and submitting to the demands of an outside source, therefore losing free-will) and not getting on the train means not getting the abortion (reaffirming one's capability for independence.) I think that's interesting because usually we associate trains, and vehicles of transportation, with freedom. Getting on a train usually means traveling somewhere far away, and getting a driver's license means obtaining the freedom to travel wherever one wants. But in this story, that symbolism is swapped. For Jig, using the train to travel far away means losing her freedom and her independence.
Overall, great video Professor Koster’s! You went into great detail with every aspect of the story which provided valuable context to certain unanswered questions I had and clarified the narrative of the story. Looking forward to more lectures like this!
I will be completely honest; I was so confused when I finished reading this story but thanks to this lecture it was broken down perfectly. To this day I think most men have absolutely no clue of what women have to go through especially how in the story the man gives the impression that he had no compassion for Jig and the "operation" she had to go through. Even though the end doesn't really reveal what happened to their relationship I do hope she left that man who was completely inhumane with her and the decisions she had to make of her body.
When I first read this story, the man really upset me. The way how the man was talking, I kind of figured he wanted her to have an abortion. During this time, not only were they illegal, it was such a dangerous procedure and for the man to act like it was easy really pissed me off. Yes, a pregnancy is life changing but to have an abortion can be life threatening to a woman. I know it is just a story, but I really hope Jigg did what she wanted and what was best for her. Or any woman in Jigg's situation.
I have watched a lot of other analyzes on this short story because I simply did not understand it. The story opens with no background and ends with no conclusion, only a hint at one. Even though I know of some people that enjoy open ended stories, I am not one of those people. Dr. Kosters explanation of the symbolism in while elephants gives the story a deeper meaning. Knowing white elephants were given as gifts but not very good gifts. Can provide perspectives from both the girl and the guy's point of views.
The most baffling of all EH stories : everything is tricky here : 'white Éléphants ', the word 'operation' & 'abortion' which is never mentioned. The tragic thing is the girl insists on 'love' after this operation. Heres where the readers need to step out of 'Abortion' . Is it actually Abortion EH implies? After all Abortion is not a very complicated affair. Women had been thru this processus & had come out back to normal life. It's not a really deadly affair. But the girl's attitude to this question is so frightening that it prompts readers to ask themselves if it isnt something beyond Abortion... a life-threatening pathology like uterus cancer. The symbol of white 'Eleplants' is the most trickiest. To start with 'white Éléphants ' dont exist. It's a myth. And if at all they existed It's in the form of metaphor, a luxurois burden. Is the girl going to be a 'burden' to the man? And the man wanting to get rid of this 'burden'. One never tires taking about 'Hills......like..'.
A woman being told that abortion is a simple and not a big deal operation is so sickening to listen to. Woman should never be told what they are to feel especially over an operation so high risk and draining. Jig having two minutes to decide whether she wants to care for the baby and raise it alone, or get on a train to Madrid and abort it is not enough time to decide such a life changing decision. My prediction of what Jig decides to do is, she decides to keep the baby and cares for it alone. I think that after having so many second thoughts she wouldn't decide to abort it.
In the lecture video, it is said that the railroad is a symbolization of the two paths Jig can take regarding the abortion. One side being lush and filled with color, while the other side is colorless, treeless, and just overall dry. Could we use this symbolization for the two characters as well? Jig could possibly be symbolized more towards the lush and colorful side of the railroad as he who is unnamed could be the dry, colorless side of the tracks. From reading the story, I was able to intend that Jig thinks more of her choices, she weighs the pros and cons of life, while he is merely very straightforward and bland. In my opinion the symbolization of the two characters to the two sides of the railroad could even reflect onto how Hemingway favors women within this story.
I'm not sure how I feel about this story; Jig wasn't pleased, in my opinion. I have a feeling that she probably turned to abortion. It appeared that she and her boyfriend still needed some maturing as adults, therefore they were in no way prepared to parent a child. The scenario is somewhat dismal because it affects a lot of women nowadays and both parties are bound to the relationship because of a child.
I was in fact wondering: Where are the elephants? What are these two people even talking about? What is this operation? What's the relationship between the hills and the elephants? Etc. I appreciate how thoroughly you explained this short story as I did not get from the first read through that they were discussing having her get an abortion. I listened to this with my friend. We both honestly thought the operation was related to them being spies or smuggling drugs and they were speaking in code which we would eventually have to decipher. Though they were kind of speaking in code and on some kind of mission we were way off on their actual goal and the tone of this “operation”. And without actively googling I would not have gotten historical context for this story. Regarding Hemmingway’s way and reason for how he writes, as well as the information about abortions and Spain, and the origins of the white elephants. Thank you for introducing this intriguing story and giving me so much to think about.
When I read this story, I didn’t know what the operation was or what was exactly going on. When you explained it, it became clear. The man was being extremely rude and saying an abortion is no big deal. He claimed it was easy and simple. During this time, I assume there was a good chance of it killing the woman, and even if there wasn’t, an abortion is very hard on a woman. Even someone who chooses to get an abortion has a very emotionally taxing experience. Obviously, I am not talking about everyone, just the generalities. I cannot speak for myself as I have never had one. Regardless, I find the man to be heartless and sexist. Now, talking about the end. I can see some symbolism. If she gets on the train, meaning she decides to abort, she is allowing herself to be subjected to what women were at the time, being owned like property and being expected to do whatever the man said. If she doesn’t get on the train, she’s breaking free of her stereotype. Obviously, this wouldn’t be the best choice for her because she won’t be able to support herself and the baby without finances, but I was just mentioning symbolism I saw. If anyone sees it differently, or saw anything that I missed and would like to add, please do. I’d be very curious to know.
It is scary how history often operates in cyclical patterns, with issues that once dominated discourse reemerging as significant points of contention. This particular issue, now regarded as highly controversial, has become a major topic of debate, especially in light of the recent presidential election. Despite being nearly a century removed from the time period in question, it seems that little has changed within our society regarding this issue. I greatly appreciate the author's openness in the narrative, allowing readers the autonomy to draw their own conclusions about the protagonist's ultimate decision. This approach is notably more progressive than what was typically seen in literature at the time, offering a sense of agency and complexity to the reader's interpretation.
Hemingway's "Hills Like White Elephants" is a potent illustration of his iceberg theory where the actual depth of the characters' feelings and challenges is concealed under the surface of their apparently casual discourse. Though neither of the pair freely admits it, the symbolism of the white elephant wonderfully captures the weight they bear. Hemingway's use of a simple technique to capture the intricacy of their circumstances intrigues me since it increases the power of the narrative. In what ways, especially with the opposing landscapes, do you believe the location reflects the emotional turmoil among the people?
I thought this story was interesting for the way that it is written. I remember also being confused because of the title and how I was trying to connect the title to the story. However, after listening to this video and reading the story further, I was able to understand it a little better. Within the conversation of this couple, it was clear to me that they both had trouble hearing each other out and communicating. I can imagine the discussion of abortion being a difficult conversation, especially for woman who are the ones going through the procedure. Nonetheless, I felt a little frustrated with the man because of how he kept repeating himself as if he knew what having an abortion was like.
I have a quick question: My son was reading this for school and his teacher asked "who is the protagonist and who is the antagonist" he replied that the protagonist is Jig and the antagonist is the man. The teacher replied, "there are more antagonists, dig deeper" I read the story, and as a parent, I too struggled to find more antagonists... any advice?
Hi, Brian! Yes, I think his teacher is thinking of society and cultural norms that were pervasive and accepted at the time: gender codes that left women with very few choices but very serious consequences that they had to often face alone (pregnancy out of wedlock meant an ostracized life, a ruined reputation, a lot of judgment-fallen woman sort of thing, and then abortion back then was very dangerous, as I discuss in the lecture, not to mention a very psychologically traumatic event to endure). Basically, women had very few rights at this time compared to men, which is illustrated in the story. Jig’s feelings and concerns are essentially minimized by the man who doesn’t have to deal with the same consequences that she must.
Ernest Hemingway, "Hills Like White Elephants": In Ernest Hemingway's short story, "Hills Like White Elephants", the unnamed man and the woman Jig had a shot at having a normal life if they don't have an abortion. The man clearly finds the pregnancy inconvenient, but keeps saying he'll do the right thing. Clearly Jig can feel that he doesn't want to by him continually bringing up the operation. I think Jig got on the train because she knows this is a point that will change their whole lives, even if she doesn't want to have an abortion. She could still always change her mind even if she gets on the train. The decision here rests entirely on Jig, because he also repeatedly said he would be okay with it. The actual appropriate solve for this whole story is that they go get married, have the baby, get divorced, then go their separate ways as much as possible, since I think Jig realized that maybe he WASN'T someone she wanted to stay long-term with .
I teach the equivalent of high school in Denmark, and one of the things that always strikes me as interesting is the age gap. It is not just, as you say, that Hemingway gives her a name, Jig, making us become more intimate with her, but also that her name is somewhat childish, at least to me, because it's more of a nickname than a true name. To me, this indicates a significant age gap, because he is characterized as "The American" or "the man". This also emphasizes his wish for the operation and her reluctance to (due to the impending complications) and lends to the scene of "the rich man travelling with a younger woman" across Europe to vacation. Furthermore, we are introduced to them as "The american and the GIRL WITH him" - giving him some kind of false ownership over the relation between them. But thank you so much for an excellent mini lecture on a GREAT story
This is such a great observation! Yes, Jig is definitely minimized in a variety of ways in this story, which she fights against! Thank you for sharing this and watching!
I enjoy Hemingway's writing style. It is realistic to real life. In real life, relationships are not as clear cut as in romantic fairy tales. Conversations are meant to mean something else and it's up to the person to overanalyze. Jigg is unsure but she knows what she would like to hear and he knows as well I think. But it's easy for the man to downplay something like abortion at least back in the 1920's. This is universal. Abortions can seem like no big deal if you compare it to the alternative of raising a child. What the man fails to understand is the emotional aspect of an abortion and what it can do to a woman who hasn't fully accepted that decision. But that's the thing, is it seems some men don't think about the emotional aspects of much in general. Hence the clash between partners.
I think Jig did end up getting the abortion. Although I don’t think she stayed with her partner. I felt that she knew that she was going to get the procedure, although she also knew that it would permanently end her relationship with her partner. This short story felt like the last chapter in their coupling, not necessarily the end but definitely nearing the end.
This story is another story where the male partner character is just straight up really unlikable. The way he pressures his wife/girlfriend to get an abortion by veiling them in honey words is really sleasy in my opinion. The girl should ultimatly be the one the choose and not be pressured, especially since like you said, abortions back then were very dangerous. I also did really like the white elephant analogy the baby has in the story, it can be something that brings great joy but it can also be a massive burden.
This video totally helped me understand the story! When I finished it I was like whaaaaat? I definitely didn't realize the operation was an abortion, I was sitting here trying to figure out what operation could impact their relationship so much. Duh! I should have known. Now knowing that, everything totally makes sense and it's like the whole story is in a different light. Especially when she says "please please please please stop talking" LOL so real!
I’ve always wanted to film this story. It would be very sparse. There would be nothing but the two main characters sitting across from each other at a table. I’d probably not want to show it to anyone though.
What you see is what you get, is something that will be on my mind for now on. I do like the meaning behind it, because it means "I am who I am". However will I accept that behavior if the person is unkind? No, I feel anyone who is unkind or who has something going with themselves use that excuse a lot. Drives me crazy, because you are forefront with the other person somehow you are in the wrong. I hope that makes sense. As for the story, I felt bad for Jig, & I can't help wonder did she even want to be a mother? If I were in her shoes I am not sure what I would do with myself especially since the story takes place in the 1920's & women's reproductive rights was very taboo. However given the story, I couldn't stand her partner & I kept thinking to myself "Girl, leave this man now!" He kept bringing up the operation 4 times, he clearly didn't want the child, nor does he seem serious about Jig. I really hope she came up with her decision rather than subduing to his. I feel triggered, because in the past I've encountered previous partners like Jig's partners and surprisingly the relationships did not last. However I am very thankful they didn't because i'd probably be miserable with myself.
I think with this story, Hemingway did a good job with being detailed but without adding every detail in order to hold our hand to understand. I like how the author did not make it too easy for us to understand what is going on. I feel bad though that this story had to do with an abortion. It’s a shame that the guy character in the story is being like a typical person thinking that having a very hard surgery is so simple and not dangerous for the woman when really anything could happen including possibly losing her life or never being able to have kids again. It’s sad how men back then had no real care for the women and their bodies which is very similar to these days as well. I like how the title really has nothing to do with the story and is more of a figure o speech and mentioning the phrase “the elephant in the room” in this case the abortion talk.
I do! It’s notable that the story takes place in Spain-a very Catholic country. Also, at this time, abortion was considered immoral in general despite one’s religion.
To listen to a full audiobook of “Hills Like White Elephants,” visit: th-cam.com/video/opJRqCrC2i8/w-d-xo.htmlsi=yrSoWe5Q9-z97aGg
When I first read Ernest Hemingway's short story "Hills Like White Elephants" I sincerely had no idea that the topic of abortion was the main conversational topic of interest being discussed between Jig and the man. While I was reading the story, there was so much dialogue going back and forth that I eventually got lost with who was saying what, but thanks to this lecture I was able to understand it more clearly and distinctly in respect to what was happening and being said in the story. For me, I think Ernest Hemingway is of a writer that popularized the writing style of writing simply and concisely; however, in his short story "Hills Like White Elephants" this can be said otherwise. I like how as I was reading this story Hemingway does a great job of writing about a careless, heartless individual who feels no remorse in influencing a woman to commit something atrocious and controversial. When we think about Ernest Hemingway's time, we can also discover how there were many botched abortions being committed by negligent doctors during these times and how it left women with infections that led to death. In addition to the abortions happening during Hemingway's time the doctors did not even use anesthesia because it took to long for women to recover. What's even worse when taking this information into consideration is while the girl in the short story is indecisive of whether or not to get the abortion, the man on the other hand tells her "It's really an awfully simple operation, Jig,’ the man said. ‘It's not really an operation at all." Taking this heartlessness and impetuousness into account, Hemingway outlines in great detail how men handled potential abortion situations whenever they arose. In addition to the abortion-related issue present in the story, the man never literally mentions the elephant in the room which is abortion, and this further demonstrates his flippantness and callousness to a serious issue at hand. Women had not much of a choice or saying in the past when it came to abortions, and so they succumbed to the binds of what their husbands wanted best for them which was them ultimately getting abortions. Lastly, I also like how white elephants symbolize prosperity according to the class lecture and how in the short story the girl (Jig) looks at the mountains and says that it looks like white elephants. I would like to think that Jig said this since she felt an intuitive maternal truth in knowing that in choosing to not have an abortion would bring her not only prosperity and health but also everlasting happiness for having her baby. Who knows. Maybe Jig did have the baby and left her controlling partner in order to ensure their safety. But all in all, it was a wonderful, intriguing story when one has an insight as to what's happening in the story. I hope to read more of Ernest Hemingway in the future. Thank you once again for your helpful lecture!
Thank you for sharing!
When I first read this story, like most of Ernest Hemingway's stories, I was a bit confused and overwhelmed. After watching this lecture, it seems very clear what the context of the story is. Your lectures are always very clear and precise. I do appreciate that. I think a lot of what I've learned through these lectures will benefit me in my writing journey.
Thank you!
Another short story that I read for my English 102 class, it was intriguing not only to find the underlying themes and message, but also how vague it is. Hills Like White Elephants truly is a story that one has to reread in order to understand what is going on between the two characters, since the majority of the story is composed of pure dialogue. Despite being vague, Hemingway allows the reader to come up with a conclusion as to what decision the two characters will make. Also the underlying themes of abortion, gender roles and expectations, as well as the symbolism utilized to portray life and death are central to the story.
Absolutely.
The story 'Hills....white éléphants ' actually grows out of a conversation of a couple Hemingway overheard in a café..
Really? I did not know that, but it’s certainly not surprising. He definitely gave us an accurate experience of eavesdropping! Thanks for sharing!
Many things we dont know about mister Hemingway...dear Whitney. When living in Paris as a struggling writer EH used to go to park to steal stray pigeons wring their neck, take them home for meal...!!!
I think the hidden message in this story is very well represented in the title as it shows overcoming a large event and barrier that the women has to go through. It truly opens you eyes and makes you relaize the imporatnce of events you experienced. The depth of your analysis depicts the characters very well and adds a layer of depth and complexity to the story.
I’m so glad to hear this!
This story is so interesting because of the fact that the title "Hills Like White Elephants" has nothing to do with the actual storyline when looking at it directly. At first this story was a bit weird to grasp to but this lecture did help reiterate the context and give more background to the white elephants and abortion. This story does make me sad for the whole reason that Jig is being pressured to think that this operation is not a big deal and not so much to worry about when in reality she is being put through something that is illegal and very traumatic. However the man is still encouraging jig to follow through with it even though Jig knows the complexity of it. Hemingway does a great job conveying this message as he does not specifically say abortion but in fact covers it up as an operation to keep it less straightforward. I also love the explanation of the symbolism of the white elephants as it could mean that they baby could either be a burden on their relationship, a gift of great means, or even just seen as the elephant in the room, which with this story the abortion is definitely the elephant in the room like you said in the lecture.
Yes, the multiple meanings of the elephant is interesting in a story like this.
This story gave me a stomach ache in a few different ways. The conversation among the couple, the abortion being concealed, or unnamed, and even the idea of having to choose one life over the other. I feel in todays day and age this happens a lot too where couples choose their happiness and the fate of their relationship by whether or not they keep a child. It is heartbreaking. When I first read the story I was very confused on what the operation was, but the video helped clear a lot of it up!
Glad to hear!
I genuinely aprpeciated Dr. Kosters explanation and interpretation of the Iceberg Theory about "Hills Like White Elephants," as the thought did not cross my mind upon first read. Also the purposeful intent of Hemingway to never explicitly mention the word 'abortion,' yet imply heavily through subtle nods and teases is spine-chilling to say the least. I believe just as important as this story was in the early 20th century, it is still now relevant to many present issues women face around the globe.
Glad it helped!
Hemingway's use of the iceberg theory is so consistently powerful in every work of his and using it here to talk about abortion is no exception. The route of abortion has Jig happier, but makes the man unhappy. The opposite is true too, and the way that's shown so simply without going incredibly in depth is really powerful.
Yes, the theory really works well for this study.
This gave me a lot of clarity that helped me understand more of this story. Thank you
Glad it was helpful!
I love this story so much because of the strange title that has nothing to do with the story itself. The story elaborately flows with the conversation of two people who carry the story, brilliantly written and also taboo for its time. This is another one of those stories that makes you think about life and the way you would carry yourself provided the circumstances.
Hemingway definitely makes you think!
I really like how the beginning of the video explained the iceberg theory, because stories with this theory is so interesting as it allows you to think outside the box to unravel the true meaning of a story. I like how they don’t specifically say an abortion, but cover it up as an operation. It was illegal, but the man wanted the woman to have one, and the woman was obviously hesitant, rightfully so. Abortions can be physically and mentally traumatic for women, but many men who tell women to get one don’t think about that, nor do they seem to care. The man treating an abortion in a light manner just shows how little he cares about her well being, and sadly shows how many people care little about the well being of women’s choice of abortion.
I do think Hemingway criticizes the man by his problematic portrayal.
I find it interesting to note that at the end of the story, the decision to board the train is used to represent the decision to get an abortion or not, i.e., getting on the train means getting the abortion (and submitting to the demands of an outside source, therefore losing free-will) and not getting on the train means not getting the abortion (reaffirming one's capability for independence.)
I think that's interesting because usually we associate trains, and vehicles of transportation, with freedom. Getting on a train usually means traveling somewhere far away, and getting a driver's license means obtaining the freedom to travel wherever one wants. But in this story, that symbolism is swapped. For Jig, using the train to travel far away means losing her freedom and her independence.
Wonderful insight, as always!
Overall, great video Professor Koster’s! You went into great detail with every aspect of the story which provided valuable context to certain unanswered questions I had and clarified the narrative of the story. Looking forward to more lectures like this!
Much appreciated!
I will be completely honest; I was so confused when I finished reading this story but thanks to this lecture it was broken down perfectly. To this day I think most men have absolutely no clue of what women have to go through especially how in the story the man gives the impression that he had no compassion for Jig and the "operation" she had to go through. Even though the end doesn't really reveal what happened to their relationship I do hope she left that man who was completely inhumane with her and the decisions she had to make of her body.
I’m glad the lecture gave you some clarity!
When I first read this story, the man really upset me. The way how the man was talking, I kind of figured he wanted her to have an abortion. During this time, not only were they illegal, it was such a dangerous procedure and for the man to act like it was easy really pissed me off. Yes, a pregnancy is life changing but to have an abortion can be life threatening to a woman. I know it is just a story, but I really hope Jigg did what she wanted and what was best for her. Or any woman in Jigg's situation.
Yes, I think the whole story is a criticism against the man. He’s pretty terrible.
I’m an English teacher, and I’ve loved your videos!
Thank you! I’m so glad they’ve been helpful!
I have watched a lot of other analyzes on this short story because I simply did not understand it. The story opens with no background and ends with no conclusion, only a hint at one. Even though I know of some people that enjoy open ended stories, I am not one of those people. Dr. Kosters explanation of the symbolism in while elephants gives the story a deeper meaning. Knowing white elephants were given as gifts but not very good gifts. Can provide perspectives from both the girl and the guy's point of views.
The story is confusing, for sure!
The most baffling of all EH stories : everything is tricky here : 'white Éléphants ', the word 'operation' & 'abortion' which is never mentioned. The tragic thing is the girl insists on 'love' after this operation. Heres where the readers need to step out of 'Abortion' . Is it actually Abortion EH implies? After all Abortion is not a very complicated affair. Women had been thru this processus & had come out back to normal life. It's not a really deadly affair. But the girl's attitude to this question is so frightening that it prompts readers to ask themselves if it isnt something beyond Abortion... a life-threatening pathology like uterus cancer. The symbol of white 'Eleplants' is the most trickiest. To start with 'white Éléphants ' dont exist. It's a myth. And if at all they existed It's in the form of metaphor, a luxurois burden. Is the girl going to be a 'burden' to the man? And the man wanting to get rid of this 'burden'. One never tires taking about 'Hills......like..'.
A woman being told that abortion is a simple and not a big deal operation is so sickening to listen to. Woman should never be told what they are to feel especially over an operation so high risk and draining. Jig having two minutes to decide whether she wants to care for the baby and raise it alone, or get on a train to Madrid and abort it is not enough time to decide such a life changing decision. My prediction of what Jig decides to do is, she decides to keep the baby and cares for it alone. I think that after having so many second thoughts she wouldn't decide to abort it.
Yes, the guy is pretty frustrating, to say the least.
thank you, provided a valuable info i couldnt find anywhere else
I am so glad it was helpful! I have a ton of other lectures on my channel in case you may need help in the future!
In the lecture video, it is said that the railroad is a symbolization of the two paths Jig can take regarding the abortion. One side being lush and filled with color, while the other side is colorless, treeless, and just overall dry. Could we use this symbolization for the two characters as well? Jig could possibly be symbolized more towards the lush and colorful side of the railroad as he who is unnamed could be the dry, colorless side of the tracks. From reading the story, I was able to intend that Jig thinks more of her choices, she weighs the pros and cons of life, while he is merely very straightforward and bland. In my opinion the symbolization of the two characters to the two sides of the railroad could even reflect onto how Hemingway favors women within this story.
Thanks for sharing.
I'm not sure how I feel about this story; Jig wasn't pleased, in my opinion. I have a feeling that she probably turned to abortion. It appeared that she and her boyfriend still needed some maturing as adults, therefore they were in no way prepared to parent a child. The scenario is somewhat dismal because it affects a lot of women nowadays and both parties are bound to the relationship because of a child.
Thanks for sharing!
I was in fact wondering: Where are the elephants? What are these two people even talking about? What is this operation? What's the relationship between the hills and the elephants? Etc. I appreciate how thoroughly you explained this short story as I did not get from the first read through that they were discussing having her get an abortion. I listened to this with my friend. We both honestly thought the operation was related to them being spies or smuggling drugs and they were speaking in code which we would eventually have to decipher. Though they were kind of speaking in code and on some kind of mission we were way off on their actual goal and the tone of this “operation”. And without actively googling I would not have gotten historical context for this story. Regarding Hemmingway’s way and reason for how he writes, as well as the information about abortions and Spain, and the origins of the white elephants. Thank you for introducing this intriguing story and giving me so much to think about.
Haha, yes, Hemingway can be confusing.
When I read this story, I didn’t know what the operation was or what was exactly going on. When you explained it, it became clear. The man was being extremely rude and saying an abortion is no big deal. He claimed it was easy and simple. During this time, I assume there was a good chance of it killing the woman, and even if there wasn’t, an abortion is very hard on a woman. Even someone who chooses to get an abortion has a very emotionally taxing experience. Obviously, I am not talking about everyone, just the generalities. I cannot speak for myself as I have never had one. Regardless, I find the man to be heartless and sexist. Now, talking about the end. I can see some symbolism. If she gets on the train, meaning she decides to abort, she is allowing herself to be subjected to what women were at the time, being owned like property and being expected to do whatever the man said. If she doesn’t get on the train, she’s breaking free of her stereotype. Obviously, this wouldn’t be the best choice for her because she won’t be able to support herself and the baby without finances, but I was just mentioning symbolism I saw. If anyone sees it differently, or saw anything that I missed and would like to add, please do. I’d be very curious to know.
Thanks for sharing!
It is scary how history often operates in cyclical patterns, with issues that once dominated discourse reemerging as significant points of contention. This particular issue, now regarded as highly controversial, has become a major topic of debate, especially in light of the recent presidential election. Despite being nearly a century removed from the time period in question, it seems that little has changed within our society regarding this issue. I greatly appreciate the author's openness in the narrative, allowing readers the autonomy to draw their own conclusions about the protagonist's ultimate decision. This approach is notably more progressive than what was typically seen in literature at the time, offering a sense of agency and complexity to the reader's interpretation.
Hemingway's "Hills Like White Elephants" is a potent illustration of his iceberg theory where the actual depth of the characters' feelings and challenges is concealed under the surface of their apparently casual discourse. Though neither of the pair freely admits it, the symbolism of the white elephant wonderfully captures the weight they bear. Hemingway's use of a simple technique to capture the intricacy of their circumstances intrigues me since it increases the power of the narrative. In what ways, especially with the opposing landscapes, do you believe the location reflects the emotional turmoil among the people?
I thought this story was interesting for the way that it is written. I remember also being confused because of the title and how I was trying to connect the title to the story. However, after listening to this video and reading the story further, I was able to understand it a little better. Within the conversation of this couple, it was clear to me that they both had trouble hearing each other out and communicating. I can imagine the discussion of abortion being a difficult conversation, especially for woman who are the ones going through the procedure. Nonetheless, I felt a little frustrated with the man because of how he kept repeating himself as if he knew what having an abortion was like.
Thanks for sharing!
I have a quick question: My son was reading this for school and his teacher asked "who is the protagonist and who is the antagonist" he replied that the protagonist is Jig and the antagonist is the man. The teacher replied, "there are more antagonists, dig deeper" I read the story, and as a parent, I too struggled to find more antagonists... any advice?
Hi, Brian! Yes, I think his teacher is thinking of society and cultural norms that were pervasive and accepted at the time: gender codes that left women with very few choices but very serious consequences that they had to often face alone (pregnancy out of wedlock meant an ostracized life, a ruined reputation, a lot of judgment-fallen woman sort of thing, and then abortion back then was very dangerous, as I discuss in the lecture, not to mention a very psychologically traumatic event to endure). Basically, women had very few rights at this time compared to men, which is illustrated in the story. Jig’s feelings and concerns are essentially minimized by the man who doesn’t have to deal with the same consequences that she must.
Ernest Hemingway, "Hills Like White Elephants": In Ernest Hemingway's short story, "Hills Like White Elephants", the unnamed man and the woman Jig had a shot at having a normal life if they don't have an abortion. The man clearly finds the pregnancy inconvenient, but keeps saying he'll do the right thing. Clearly Jig can feel that he doesn't want to by him continually bringing up the operation. I think Jig got on the train because she knows this is a point that will change their whole lives, even if she doesn't want to have an abortion. She could still always change her mind even if she gets on the train. The decision here rests entirely on Jig, because he also repeatedly said he would be okay with it. The actual appropriate solve for this whole story is that they go get married, have the baby, get divorced, then go their separate ways as much as possible, since I think Jig realized that maybe he WASN'T someone she wanted to stay long-term with .
Thank you for sharing!
I teach the equivalent of high school in Denmark, and one of the things that always strikes me as interesting is the age gap. It is not just, as you say, that Hemingway gives her a name, Jig, making us become more intimate with her, but also that her name is somewhat childish, at least to me, because it's more of a nickname than a true name. To me, this indicates a significant age gap, because he is characterized as "The American" or "the man". This also emphasizes his wish for the operation and her reluctance to (due to the impending complications) and lends to the scene of "the rich man travelling with a younger woman" across Europe to vacation. Furthermore, we are introduced to them as "The american and the GIRL WITH him" - giving him some kind of false ownership over the relation between them.
But thank you so much for an excellent mini lecture on a GREAT story
This is such a great observation! Yes, Jig is definitely minimized in a variety of ways in this story, which she fights against! Thank you for sharing this and watching!
love how birds are chirping in the background 🤭
I know! There are all sorts of noises and sounds when you record outside!
I enjoy Hemingway's writing style. It is realistic to real life. In real life, relationships are not as clear cut as in romantic fairy tales. Conversations are meant to mean something else and it's up to the person to overanalyze. Jigg is unsure but she knows what she would like to hear and he knows as well I think. But it's easy for the man to downplay something like abortion at least back in the 1920's. This is universal. Abortions can seem like no big deal if you compare it to the alternative of raising a child. What the man fails to understand is the emotional aspect of an abortion and what it can do to a woman who hasn't fully accepted that decision. But that's the thing, is it seems some men don't think about the emotional aspects of much in general. Hence the clash between partners.
Good insight!
I think Jig did end up getting the abortion. Although I don’t think she stayed with her partner. I felt that she knew that she was going to get the procedure, although she also knew that it would permanently end her relationship with her partner. This short story felt like the last chapter in their coupling, not necessarily the end but definitely nearing the end.
Yeah, she definitely doesn’t seem settled by the end, by any means.
This story is another story where the male partner character is just straight up really unlikable. The way he pressures his wife/girlfriend to get an abortion by veiling them in honey words is really sleasy in my opinion. The girl should ultimatly be the one the choose and not be pressured, especially since like you said, abortions back then were very dangerous. I also did really like the white elephant analogy the baby has in the story, it can be something that brings great joy but it can also be a massive burden.
Thanks for sharing!
This video totally helped me understand the story! When I finished it I was like whaaaaat? I definitely didn't realize the operation was an abortion, I was sitting here trying to figure out what operation could impact their relationship so much. Duh! I should have known. Now knowing that, everything totally makes sense and it's like the whole story is in a different light. Especially when she says "please please please please stop talking" LOL so real!
The jig is up for jig. Something is ending.
Yes, agree!
I’ve always wanted to film this story. It would be very sparse. There would be nothing but the two main characters sitting across from each other at a table.
I’d probably not want to show it to anyone though.
The sparseness would complement the minimal expressions and conversation. Do it! Make the tension and frustration the primary dynamic.
I wasn’t crazy about this story mainly because of my Catholic faith. Is that alright?
Of course it is!!
What you see is what you get, is something that will be on my mind for now on. I do like the meaning behind it, because it means "I am who I am". However will I accept that behavior if the person is unkind? No, I feel anyone who is unkind or who has something going with themselves use that excuse a lot. Drives me crazy, because you are forefront with the other person somehow you are in the wrong. I hope that makes sense. As for the story, I felt bad for Jig, & I can't help wonder did she even want to be a mother? If I were in her shoes I am not sure what I would do with myself especially since the story takes place in the 1920's & women's reproductive rights was very taboo. However given the story, I couldn't stand her partner & I kept thinking to myself "Girl, leave this man now!" He kept bringing up the operation 4 times, he clearly didn't want the child, nor does he seem serious about Jig. I really hope she came up with her decision rather than subduing to his. I feel triggered, because in the past I've encountered previous partners like Jig's partners and surprisingly the relationships did not last. However I am very thankful they didn't because i'd probably be miserable with myself.
I think with this story, Hemingway did a good job with being detailed but without adding every detail in order to hold our hand to understand. I like how the author did not make it too easy for us to understand what is going on. I feel bad though that this story had to do with an abortion. It’s a shame that the guy character in the story is being like a typical person thinking that having a very hard surgery is so simple and not dangerous for the woman when really anything could happen including possibly losing her life or never being able to have kids again. It’s sad how men back then had no real care for the women and their bodies which is very similar to these days as well. I like how the title really has nothing to do with the story and is more of a figure o speech and mentioning the phrase “the elephant in the room” in this case the abortion talk.
You know what we Catholics think of abortion right?
I do! It’s notable that the story takes place in Spain-a very Catholic country. Also, at this time, abortion was considered immoral in general despite one’s religion.