Working on the TI-99

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 27 ก.ย. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 449

  • @UsagiElectric
    @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +78

    WARNING: There is a 15kHz whine from the CRT monitor in a few shots. Unfortunately, I have tinnitus and couldn’t hear it at all during filming, editing or even the final confirmation check. My normal lapel mic usually doesn’t pick it up, but in a few shots, I used a different mic, and it apparently picked it up very strongly. I apologize for this, I should have visually checked the audio waveform before uploading. On the plus side, if you can hear it, congratulations, you still have excellent hearing!

    • @rickhole
      @rickhole 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      That will be from the high voltage power supply. The horizontal oscillator (which is working obviously) goes through a transformer and simple rectifier circuit to get the high voltage needed for the CRT. Probably over 10 KV. Anything loose in that circuit will vibrate as you hear. It con be windings in the transformer. At this point the monitor is no different from a color TV set from that era.

    • @markpitts5194
      @markpitts5194 2 ปีที่แล้ว +11

      Join the club, didn't hear a thing. I used to think my tinnitus WAS the CRT monitor whines until one day i realised everything was now TFT or other flat, then it dawned on me.

    • @amateurprogrammer25
      @amateurprogrammer25 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you so much!

    • @Colaholiker
      @Colaholiker 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Don't worry, my laptop speakers don't go that high... ;-)

    • @vwestlife
      @vwestlife 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Don't listen to people who whine about the whine. Anyone who is interested in old computers or video games will have to get used to it, just like everyone did for the 60 years or so when CRTs were in mainstream use. And p.s., you need to get a PEB!

  • @stevethepocket
    @stevethepocket 2 ปีที่แล้ว +83

    That's the most complete collection of sidecars I've ever seen. Wikipedia used to have a photo of every single one ever made hooked up like that, including one (I forget what it was) that was the exact same wedge shape as the computer itself. Unfortunately the photo was comically low-res, which might explain why it's gone now. If you ever complete your collection, you might want to think about getting a good photo and contributing it to the site.

    • @WMidyette
      @WMidyette 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Could it be this?
      www.mainbyte.com/ti99/hardware/sidcar_computer.jpg

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +17

      Thanks! I think this is all the official TI produced sidecars that were available. There are two more, the Video Controller and P-Code sidecars, but they were never put into production. A few prototypes of the P-Code made it into the wild, but the Video Controller one never passed FCC regulations, so I don't think any were ever actually made. I do happen to have a spare RS-232 sidecar that I7ve been thinking about gutting and building a P-Code sidecar replica into. That would be really Interesting and get me one step closer to the ultimate TI-99 setup.
      The only problem is, I'm totally out of desk space, haha.

    • @greenaum
      @greenaum 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      @@UsagiElectric A p-code interpreter is funny when you consider the machine essentially runs something like that anyway. It's litt;e 256-byte RAM running a virtual machine from the RAM in the graphics chip.
      It's an awful way of doing it really. Shame they couldn't share the RAM on the main bus. Have the VDP use graphics modes with less colours etc, to provide more spare RAM for the CPU. I suppose in the early days, it beat a bunch of LEDs and switches on your Altair, but it's a real shame such a powerful CPU was crippled and relegated in such a badly compromised design.

    • @CaptainCattywampus
      @CaptainCattywampus 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Wedge shaped? You're probably thinking of the much later Hex-Bus Interface, which would have been the link between the 99/4A and TI's next line of mostly unreleased peripherals targeted for models like the very scarce 99/2 and unobtainium, like the 99/8.

    • @kaitlyn__L
      @kaitlyn__L ปีที่แล้ว +3

      You can usually still see the old pictures by looking in the page history, if it’s not absent from Wikimedia itself! There’s a ton of weird illustrations or crappy diagrams I recall from 07 or so, which are replaced by nothing or by fantastic photographs of the phenomenon in real life (probably putting the remainders to shame and hence nothing), but occasionally I go back to some pages I used to look at a lot (I don’t really remember why, guess I was just watching them for changes?) and laugh at those illustrations.

  • @alexandrsoldiernetizen162
    @alexandrsoldiernetizen162 2 ปีที่แล้ว +48

    I was a programmer for a TI-990 based doctors billing consortium. Wrote COBOL during the 1980's. Machine did all the billing and various statistical reporting. All in all decent and reliable machine.

    • @BOBXFILES2374a
      @BOBXFILES2374a 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You did BILLING on a TI-99? Wow.

    • @alexandrsoldiernetizen162
      @alexandrsoldiernetizen162 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      @@BOBXFILES2374a Hmm, seems like you have trouble reading AND watching videos.

    • @wushock92
      @wushock92 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      One of my bank clients ran a trust software package that only ran on a TI-990. Took us some training to run as we were a mainframe environment.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      That's awesome!
      Interestingly, I was actually shopping for a TI-990 when I found the Centurion minicomputer and went down that rabbit hole, but I would still love to get my hands on a proper TI-990 someday. They seem like really quirky machines that were actually decently capable!

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@BOBXFILES2374a Alexander was working with a TI-990, which was a full on minicomputer. The TTL level CPU that was in the TI-990, evolved into the TMS9900 micropchip, which is the same processor that TI used in the TI-99/4 home console. But, despite sharing the same processor, the machines are very different indeed!

  • @lindoran
    @lindoran 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Had no idea that the ti99 had direct mini-computer roots. That's fantastic

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      There's lots of storied circulating about why, but I think the popular theory is that TI had a different CPU planned for it, but it wasn't going to be finished in time. So they slapped their minicomputer CPU in it, but they didn't want the home computer to compete with minicomputer sales, so they strangled it down to 8-bits. I'm not sure how much of that is true, but makes for an interesting story at least!

    • @kaitlyn__L
      @kaitlyn__L ปีที่แล้ว

      @@UsagiElectric it’s in the realm of plausibility, which is of course the most dangerous place for fiction to inhabit !

  • @Artemis-zl5cs
    @Artemis-zl5cs 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    TI-99 as a centurion terminal emulator would be a really cool thing to see.

    • @bascomnextion5639
      @bascomnextion5639 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Or hook up a centurion terminal to the serial port of the T-99.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      I gotta use that RS-232 sidecar somehow!
      That's definitely on the list of things to do :)

  • @arongooch
    @arongooch 2 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    This channel is very quickly moving up my list towards my number one channel on TH-cam to watch. Love your work and thanks for sharing it.

  • @flounder31
    @flounder31 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Always good to see the ole 99 here on TH-cam, my first computer as a kid. Helluva sidecar collection, too.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you! It's a wonderful little system and I'm surprised more people haven't really gotten into them lately (especially as prices for Commodore stuff goes through the roof)

  • @Taser3141
    @Taser3141 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    My second time watching this vid. I smile every time time I hear the sound of the floppy drive. Such great nostalgia.😊

  • @kencramer1697
    @kencramer1697 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    I loved seeing the old Ti-99. This was the first computer my family had at home. My father worked for Ti. We had a fairly basic setup, but my grandfather went nuts with his. He had about every add on to the Ti-99/4a you could get your hands on. I still had a ton of the stuff up until a few years ago. I donated 4 complete systems, a bunch of the expansion modules and a crap ton of cartridges to the 8-bit guy as he is here in the Dallas area as I am.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      That's awesome! My family went through the computer renaissance a bit late, not getting our first machine until the 386-era, at which point I missed out on all the really wild 8-bit systems that paved the way.
      Also, small world, I'm a bit south of the Dallas area, but do try to make my way to DFW retro computing meetups whenever I can!

  • @cptsalek
    @cptsalek 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    The TI99 with all the sidecars is a piece of art and great technology. Love it!

  • @PeBoVision
    @PeBoVision ปีที่แล้ว

    2 things I don't miss on my F18A equipped 4A:
    - Fidlling with composite out (or worse RF modulators)
    - Multiplan in 40 columns .
    I remain forever envious of your sidecar collection (especially the thermal printer). I love my PEB and all the cool 'n groovy new cards being produced, and I have a desk to small to accomodate anything wider than the firehose connector, I would so love to have all the sidecars on display with the system.
    Thank you for the always informative and entertaining content.

  • @tex-hogger4974
    @tex-hogger4974 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    The TI99/4A was my first computer. My dad got the console for my brother and I for Christmas. We added a few carts and a subscription to Compute! magazine. Then we added the cassette cable and an off brand tape recorder. Game changer for me, I was then able to type in the programs from the beginner basic book, the Magazines, and save them. Then when TI got out of the home computer business my dad was able to get a PEB with the 32k card, Disk Controller, RS-232 card, and a SS/SD floppy drive. I still have the system stashed away in my stuff. I have been following the TI scene ever since. Still play around with the system in Emulation, and enjoy bringing back all the nostalgia. I stumbled upon your channel a few months ago and totally look forward to seeing what you put out. Keep up the awesome work!

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you for the kind words!
      That's awesome that you got to play with a PEB! When I started with this system, I didn't initially know which direction I wanted to go with it, but when I was hunting for a CRT, I found that Sanyo and the person I got it from also had the thermal printer and an RS-232 sidecar, so that decided it. The hunt was on to build a 5-foot long computer, haha. I love hearing stories about people using these systems. Even though the TI-99 seems to be fairly unloved, I think once you got the hang of the system and had it kitted out pretty well, it was really a capable machine!

  • @ChrisPinCornwall
    @ChrisPinCornwall 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I love your videos. I am sadly old enough to remember most of the stuff you work on coming to the fore. Thank you for what you do.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you so much!
      I remember some of the computers growing up, but my family got our first computer pretty late in the 386-era, so I missed out on all these excellent little 8-bit machines. But, I7m having a blast learning about these old machines and the quirky ways they were built!

  • @pipkinrahl7264
    @pipkinrahl7264 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This was my first computer. I still remember recording my programs to audio cassette.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I love seeing so many people that had the TI-99 as their first computer!
      The tape deck is one of the few accessories that I've been waffling over getting. I actually have some software that came with a tape, but with the disk drive, it just feels like the Disk Drive is the better option.

  • @AjinkyaMahajan
    @AjinkyaMahajan 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Those kittens are awesome

  • @acrinsd
    @acrinsd 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    My first computer was a TI-99-4A. With the cassette deck for storing programs. Awesome little machine at the time.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I agree 100%, they were excellent little machines and I'm surprised they weren't more competitive. Though, I suppose it all comes down to the software, and the Commodore folks had some excellent software out there. Still, the TI-99 is fantastic and has a very active community still developing stuff for it!

  • @BollingHolt
    @BollingHolt ปีที่แล้ว

    Lots of memories from that machine. When I was a kid, I had a CoCo2, and my grandfather had a TI-99/4A with the PEB before selling it all and moving to a PC. About 20 years ago I came across a TI-99/4 (before retro collecting was "cool"), and I hung it up on the wall for display where I worked. I think I left it there (as well as an original AdLib card that commands a hefty price now) when I left. I wish I had it back!

  • @BasicBitesCA
    @BasicBitesCA 2 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    More sidecar than computer... wild! Something to consider: when it comes to heat-sinking RF shields on these old computers (at least in the C64/128 world), I've come to use 2mm thick thermally-conductive silicone pads rather than thermal grease. They squish down nicely to form a good seal, especially where potential bending of the shield can cause "gapping" that may otherwise need to be filled. -- JC

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      It's so hard to find enough actual physical space for the machine, but I think that's what I love most about it, haha.
      Good call on the silicone pads, I never thought about that, but it's a much nicer solution than the boat load of thermal paste I used!

  • @acceler9
    @acceler9 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    "Well that's an interesting point I've gotten to in my life..." Hahaha, so true for many of us! I have so many fond memories of my TI-99/4A back in the late 80's!!! Thanks for bringing that felling back some.

  • @HeyBirt
    @HeyBirt 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    The TI-99 smacks of being the brain fart of the marketing department. "We need a personal computer now! We're not using that 16bit thing, slap it together and make it cheap, by yesterday or sooner!" All the work to kludge in that processor killed it...

    • @drussell_
      @drussell_ 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      They had a microcontroller-sized version in the works that simply wasn't ready by the time they wanted to produce the TI-99/4, so they just used what was already in production, the TMS9900, with the thought that they'd increment to a cost-reduced hardware release later, but the bottom fell out of the market before they ever got that far along and just abandoned the whole home computer market.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I think drussel nailed it, they just rushed the product to market but it wasn't quite complete, and that killed them before they even got started.
      Around the same time, TI was absolutely mopping the floor with every other competitor under the sun in the calculator market, so the higher ups probably made the decision to axe the computer division and focus on the real money maker.

    • @defaultroute
      @defaultroute 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@UsagiElectricI remember that the marketing was top notch. The cartridge and cassettes looked premium and akin to a ‘Nintendo’ experience. I mean, quality cardboard and plastic. They put a lot into presentation. As far as I knew the issue was Commodore and their race to the bottom discounting that killed the Ti.

  • @bluepen61
    @bluepen61 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    I loved my TI99/4A. The Centurion book scene reminded me of the TI's Editor/Assembler manual. Thank you for sharing.

    • @loginregional
      @loginregional 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I was waiting for an explanation of the BULLWHIP command, Branch and Load Workspace Pointer...

    • @bluepen61
      @bluepen61 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@loginregional Assembly is difficult for me. My understanding: the 9900 doesn't have internal registers like 'common' processors of the day. The registers were in valid external address workspace. The workspace pointer set the workspace address for the registers to use. One could set the registers at address 1234 then switch to 2345 and use those, then revert back to 1234 and continue were you left off. Beyond this, workspace assignment could easily get very complicated. There wasn't much, if any, info about the 99/4A available at the time unless you were a TI developer. TI kept everything so secret and proprietary. I hope this helps.

    • @loginregional
      @loginregional 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@bluepen61 Way back when, my friend Dave had the Minimem cartridge with which he successfully learned to program, eventually becoming a highly paid programmer (on other processors, of course). I went whole hog and got a PEB
      Good luck with the Centurion. And the Counterfeit

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks for checking the video out!
      On the topic of the external workspace registers, that actually seems to be a fairly regular thing for minicomputers I think. The Centurion has multiple interrupt levels with each level containing the same 8-registers, so you can change to a different level on the fly and whatever was being worked on previously is preserved exactly as it was. With the Centurion, there are 16-levels, which means there can be 16 CPU interrupt requests coming in simultaneously and the machine can just sort it all out.
      The TMS9900, being a minicomputer processor, is probably aiming for the same idea, so multiple users can be using a single machine, sending interrupts and getting responses back all simultaneously.
      Multi-user computing of the 70s and 80s is really, really fascinating stuff!

  • @aribertcarsten
    @aribertcarsten 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanxs a lot showing me all the stuff I dreamed off back in these days.
    My very first computer I got as xmas-gift in 1982 just with a casette player after finishing my time in school.

  • @AltimaNEO
    @AltimaNEO 2 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    Had one of these as a kid around 1990. Good that thing was outdated by then. But it was the only computer I had ever touched till that point. My dad found it on the side of the road one day. We only had a few game cartridges, and I enjoyed playing them, but ultimately they were way too simple and we'd get bored.
    Eventually the monitor gave out, the original Texas Instruments monitor, and my dad threw the whole thing away.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Oh man, by 1990 it would have been crazy outdated, almost retro, haha.
      The TI-99 suffered from pretty poor software because TI didn't want to open the software market up to third parties, so it just kind of languished. Since then, the homebrew scene has made some pretty amazing stuff run on the hardware, like a full-on 3D ray tracing engine, which is just staggering. I really would have loved to have seen the TMS9900 in the TI-99 uncorked with a boat load of RAM and full use of its 16-bit data bus, I think that thing would have rocked!

  • @TheVintageApplianceEmporium
    @TheVintageApplianceEmporium 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    What an incredible TI99 set up! I had one back in the 90s (just the machine, no sidecars) when they were cheap and disposable. It's one of the many machines from back then that I wish I'd kept. Along with an Exidy Sorcerer and an EACA Colour Genie! Oh it makes me sick to think how rare / valuable those computers are today :(

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you!
      The TI-99 is still relatively cheap to find on eBay. Granted, that's just the base system wit ha most likely thrashed keyboard, but it's certainly one of the more affordable retro computers out there!

  • @BarnokRetro
    @BarnokRetro 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    In the 70s and 80s I could hear a tv whine anywhere in the house. Today... well, not so much.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I'm sure I could hear them as a kid, but I can't remember the last time I hear flyback whine. I think that just tells me my ears have been bad for a long time, haha.

  • @shepherdosterompton
    @shepherdosterompton 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    vintage computing and kittens? easiest sub of my life

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you!
      These three little fluff balls will be making guest appearances in the future!

  • @inerlogic
    @inerlogic 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    My first computer back in 1983 I still have it and it still works

  • @frankowalker4662
    @frankowalker4662 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Loved the openning film. LOL. Nice monitor fix, but it's a good job you did open up the TI-99 to get rid of that crusty cap and fix the monitor socket.
    Cute kittens. :)

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thanks! I had a lot of fun filming that one!
      Yup, I probably could have gotten the video looking decent by just working on the monitor, but it was a good thing I found the broken socket. Still lots left to do on it, but I'm pretty happy with where it is now!

  • @Mike-B-Jackson
    @Mike-B-Jackson 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Oh man, this brings back SO many memories of Hunt the Wumpus and Alpiner

  • @tomy.1846
    @tomy.1846 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Love to see my first computer still out and about! Loved that little computer. :)

  • @bumpedhishead636
    @bumpedhishead636 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    My brother bought a used TI-99/4A system to use at his pharmacy. It had the Peripheral Expansion Box (PEB), the memory expansion sidecar and a dot matrix printer. I think the accounting software was called DacEasy. The system also came with a shoebox of cartridges, including Extended Basic. You really needed that Extended Basic cartridge, the built-in Basic was very limited. I worked part-time at his store when I was in college, and I spent quite a bit of time playing Tunnels of Doom during my lunch breaks...

    • @loginregional
      @loginregional 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Favourite game EVER. Bahhhh bubahbubah baaahhh

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Interesting, I don't think I've ever heard anyone actually using the TI-99 in a proper business sense, but with the memory sidecar and the printer, it should be totally up to the task! I also have the Extended Basic cart and you're right, it's absolutely necessary, the built-in Basic is very bare bones. The Mini Memory cartridge is also a good one to have as well since it opens a lot of good avenues too, like assembly programming or using peek and poke.

  • @BOBXFILES2374a
    @BOBXFILES2374a 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I think this was the first "computer" that I bought, back in 1985. Beige. You obviously have the cool, chrome "business" model, with a key-lock!

  • @lazlopanaflex777
    @lazlopanaflex777 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Ah, the memories...my elementary school had a couple TI's, but without all the cool sidecar doodads you got there. Love the red telephone, looks like something out of War Games 😀Really enjoyed the video, thanks!
    🍺

  • @CoreyChambersLA
    @CoreyChambersLA 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    The stylish, innovative TI-99 is the Delorean of 1980 home computers.

  • @laustinspeiss
    @laustinspeiss 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    I remember one of my best friends had a 99/4 and loved it… I was never won over… my direction was Z80 and onward.
    i was intrigued, as a product manufactured by the chip manufacturer (TI).

    • @richardhaas39
      @richardhaas39 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      TI also manufactured printers, watches and a dual cassette system that was intended to have car dealers as customers. And, as far as chip manufacturers making final products Intel made a server that ran Interactive Unix and was used by stockbrokers.

    • @jamesthompson7694
      @jamesthompson7694 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Man wouldn't you get a kick out of the fact the were also a weapons manufacturer

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I feel a certain bit of pride towards TI since I remember driving right by their Arlington plant when growing up. I'm probably a bit biased being a native Texan, but the TI-99 is really interesting in that it's essentially a choked down minicomputer. I can't help but wonder what that little TMS9900 could do if it were uncorked!

    • @richardhaas39
      @richardhaas39 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@UsagiElectric The Quotron 801 which features in the movies "Wall Street" and "Pursuit of Happiness" was an eight bit machine (it was never referred to as a "mini-computer" by either the users or the manufacturer) that was built around a TI CPU and ALU. It ran machine language. The upgraded machine, the Q1000, ran Unix and was based on Motorola 68000 series chips. The Q801 was still being installed as late as 1991. Chips had to be sourced on the "grey market" as many of them were no longer being manufactured.
      A machine running machine language is going to be faster than one running an operating system and traders preferred it for that reason.

  • @BonesFPV
    @BonesFPV ปีที่แล้ว

    I love your fully expanded TI.

  • @bob456fk6
    @bob456fk6 ปีที่แล้ว

    This takes me back 🙂
    In the late '70's, the TMS9900 was really nice chip.
    I built my own homebrew computer from scratch using a chip in the ceramic package.
    With 8KB of Static RAM, I had a lot of fun in machine language and later in assembly language.
    In that era, memory was relatively expensive. As late as 1983, TI was still making a lot of 16K-BIT dynamic RAMs.
    Assembly language programs ran pretty fast (in that day) but the TI-994A built in Basic was way too slow for good games.
    The games with plug in modules used assembly language to get good performance.

  • @GKeithParish
    @GKeithParish 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Man, what a fabulous throwback! Thanks.

  • @Chekolynn
    @Chekolynn 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Hola. Linda Texas Instruments PC Retro :)
    Es normal que empiecen a fallar esos sistemas retro, pues tienen ya casi o más de 50 años! Pero cuando funcionan al 100% son una maravilla, pura nostalgia amigo!
    Saludos desde la Ciudad de México.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you!
      They are really great computers, and the TI-99 seems to be quite tough given its age!
      ¡Gracias!
      ¡Son computadoras realmente geniales, y la TI-99 parece ser bastante resistente dada su edad!

  • @johnhelt5475
    @johnhelt5475 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love all the sidecars!! I thought my PEB took up a ton of space, but you take the cake.

  • @stefanegger
    @stefanegger 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    1.) It's always like that "it did work before". If it would not be like that, it technically would not have gone broken. 🙊
    2.) it needs all those things, like 3 meters of expansion, and can't even match a C64?!? I do not have any expansion for mine but I guess yours is not in the category of a "mini computer" any longer🤣
    3.) I miss the bunny 🥺

    • @ethanpoole3443
      @ethanpoole3443 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      In fairness, a stock C64 did not come with a printer, acoustic modem, or floppy drive either, so it isn’t an entirely fair comparison. But it is certainly an unwieldy system if one has more than a couple expansion devices. I much prefer using cables (like the Commodores) than needing to have every device rigidly chained together! I was never terribly impressed by the TI/99 back in the early 80s as even my early Vic 20 was a nicer system to actually use than the awful membrane and chiclet keyboards used on the TI/99.

  • @ronhutcherson9845
    @ronhutcherson9845 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love the sound of that keyboard. The one I used was a great typer.
    Seeing all the pieces in that chain, I appreciate the PEB I had even more.

  • @JamesBos
    @JamesBos 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I’m nearly 40 and can still hear the 15khz whine, which makes me a happy nearly 40 year old person.

  • @Christianpreaching
    @Christianpreaching ปีที่แล้ว

    That special RF shielding is probably what gives it such a nice, crisp picture. Unfortunately I can't say the same about all other computers and consoles

  • @edgeeffect
    @edgeeffect 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I always wondered why the '99 had such a (gotta say it) bizarre architecture... but it having it's roots in a minicomputer kinda explains some of that.... never heard the full story before, and I was around when this machine was mostly being ignored in the shops back when all the kids were gathered around the C64.
    That intro was excellent... I love to see tech channels flexing their dramatic script writing muscles. ;)
    Also that is THE MOST well equipped TI-99/4a setup I've ever seen..... it's gorgeous!

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Oh yeah, it's a really interesting and powerful processor barely trundling along in a compromised architecture!
      The intro was a ton of fun to film this time, I'm really enjoying these little short films, so I think I'll try to work more into future videos.
      Thanks for the kind words on the system! It's almost fully equipped. There's just two more sidecars that I don't have, but both (the Video Controller and P-Code cars) never made it to production and only a few prototypes survived and made it into the wild. I've been thinking about taking my spare RS-232 interface sidecar and building a proper P-Code replica, but I'm all out of desk space!

    • @edgeeffect
      @edgeeffect 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@UsagiElectric the P-code sidecar sounds very interesting.... in the UK the 99 wasn't really much of a thing.... so it's all quite new to me.... is this anything to do with The UCSD P-System? I did a little bit with UCSD Pascal at college so, when Java came along I was all "oh - just a rehash of The UCSD P-System"

  • @winstonsmith478
    @winstonsmith478 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Fascinating. I didn't know that mini-computer history of the CPU. I bought a TI-99/4 when they were being discontinued for $99 just to have a that CPU to play with. Now, I deeply regret not keeping it along with all of the many other now "classic" computers I've owned.

  • @Raul_007
    @Raul_007 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video. The ti 99/4a was my first microcomputer!
    Beautiful kittens.

  • @PeBoVision
    @PeBoVision 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    SO jealous that you have a TI-thermal printer. It has been on my wish list for 40 years. In '82 it was out of my snack bracket (having just bought a decked out PEB), and nowadays they are impossible to find in working condition (and I lack your repair skills in such matters).
    I did muster the courage to replace the VDP with an F18A though, and so I can use the 80 column version of Multiplan (eat yer heart out, you and your fancy-pants thermal printer!)
    Fun video. Earned you a subsscription (full diclosure: 4A content usually does that).

  • @PhG1961
    @PhG1961 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Waw, this is indeed a trip down memory lane ! Awesome !

  • @jameshughes3014
    @jameshughes3014 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    As a kid whos first machine was a TI994a, it did an absolutely amazing job at teaching me that i should get a better computer .. but, That was kind of its purpose, to get people who've never considered owning a computer to buy one for the first time. Price was the single important factor.

  • @mmille10
    @mmille10 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Even though I don't know electronics that well, I enjoyed this.
    I'd heard for years about how expansion worked on the TI, and finally got to see an extensive expansion in your video! Wow! I pictured the setup would look like this, all strung out to the right of the computer, but to see you have to turn on a bunch of them before turning on the computer was a trip. I was surprised to see the TI floppy drive as its own module. I knew a floppy drive was available for it, but the one I remember was part of a huge expansion module, which I think had a bunch of card slots in it. I thought that was the only way to get the disk drive.
    Owning an Atari 8-bit computer, I was used to having to turn on the monitor/TV, and the disk drive before turning on the computer, but that was it.
    My freshman year in college (1988), I had a roommate with a TI-99/4A. He had only a couple sidecars. One was the voice synthesizer (a classic), and a reasonably-sized interface module from a third-party manufacturer. He connected this up to a dual disk drive module through a ribbon cable. The drive was, again, from a third-party. And he had a third-party phone modem hooked up through the RS-232 port on the interface module. As I remember, he made his own detached keyboard by removing the keyboard from the case, and mounting it on a board, with the ribbon cable from the keyboard stringing up to the case.

  • @sinistermoon
    @sinistermoon 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome TI99 setup! Baby kitties!

  • @terrencewalsh453
    @terrencewalsh453 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Got a bunch of parts for the TI-99A in the attic for years, unfortunatly I scrapped the expansion box back in the 90's!

  • @paulawillaminachandler-ren3725
    @paulawillaminachandler-ren3725 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    OMG! I know of a few channels here that would have made this a multi-part series with 40 minutes per episode.
    This was so amazing. I am seeing the Ti99 in a new light too; because I always hated that machine.
    As an animal lover [NO Birds] When I see kittens, I am like "Go right back where you came from Right Now!"
    When you have 9 grown you'll understand.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you!
      I try to keep all my videos right around the 20 minute mark, but I still have some multi-part series because I simply couldn't finish the work in time. I'll probably revisit the TI-99 again in the future to work on the printer and test out the rest of the sidecars fully. It's such a quirky little machine and the more I learn about it, the more endearing it is, but man I would have loved to have seen a machine that fully uncorked that TMS9900 and let it stretch it's full 16-bit wings!
      Three kitties is the most we've ever had at a single time! We live on a farm and these three are going to be our outside cats to help keep rodents and snakes away. They're way too small for the moment though, so we're keeping them in the garage until they're big enough to properly hunt!

  • @NullStaticVoid
    @NullStaticVoid 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    One of the first computers I ever got to use. Right after the local Radio Shack's TRS80, which I learned to program on by just hanging out at Radio Shack.
    Went to a computer camp when I was about 10 and the main lab was all TI-99/4A.
    There was a smaller lab with Apple II and a few Pet CPM.
    I though it was a fantastic computer. Probably dazzled by the very 80's industrial design.
    Begged and pleaded to get one for my birthday, but we ended up with the Atari 800 instead.
    A wiser decision, since I didn't need a 12 foot long desk to fit all the peripherals. The Atari using CABLES instead of a card edge buss.
    Also the Atari had a much more robust user community.

  • @EdwinSteiner
    @EdwinSteiner 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    It's a nice change to see someone use office software on such a machine. Games are way over-represented in the retro-computing scene. I'd love to see more about the old (home) office/productivity uses and especially industrial uses of the 8- and 16-bit computers.

  • @video99couk
    @video99couk 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I remember making the choice between VIC-20 and TI99/4. Cost was a major factor but also the amount of software and hardware available. There seemed very little interest in the TI machine in magazines of the time, so I went with the VIC-20. I still have it and it still works.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Oh yeah, at the time I think the VIC-20 would have hands down been the better choice! The TI-99 is a surprisingly capable machine, even with one arm tied behind its back, but TI never really opened up the software market to 3rd party developers, which really hurt the software side of it and never really allowed the machine to take off. I think if the CPU had been uncorked and allowed to stretch all 16 of its bits and if they stuffed 64k of RAM into, they would have had an absolute screamer of a machine!

    • @video99couk
      @video99couk 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@UsagiElectric And since it ran on dynamic RAM, 16k wouldn't have cost as much as it did with SRAM machines.

  • @c567591
    @c567591 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    This was my 1st computer... many great memories

  • @clydedenby1436
    @clydedenby1436 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I've got 3 main CPU's which I scored at two different thrift stores on the same day. All three work beautifully and I fire them up anytime boredom sets in.

  • @LanceHall
    @LanceHall 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Yes! My first computer. If only it could have been designed in such a way as to fully take advantage of the 16 bits instead of being hobbled from the beginning. If possible someone should redesign it from the top down and produce a better layout that makes it work like it should have but still uses the same and/or vintage chips. Hobbyists have produced MUCH faster Extended Basic code and assembly routines.

    • @BOBXFILES2374a
      @BOBXFILES2374a 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      My first computer, too! I had a speech module, and played it for my Aunt. She wasn't impressed. (1985)

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      It's a great little computer, despite having one arm tied behind its back. I would love to see what the little TMS9900 16-bit CPU could do fully uncorked! That would certainly be a fun little homebrew system to build someday.

    • @peterbelanger4094
      @peterbelanger4094 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      If only floppy drives were more affordable. I had one of these when I was a kid also, in 1984, No sidecars, just a cassette drive and a used rack mount monitor my dad got from work. I was an impatient 14 year old, I got bored waiting 45 minutes every time I wanted to save my programs. I did write a few, but cassettes are terrible for data storage. I wanted a floppy drive so badly, but my folks couldn't afford it.
      They didn't understand the importance of the technology and thought they were just getting me a toy. I didn't really get back into programming code for another 15 years.

  • @BeigeAlert
    @BeigeAlert 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Oh wow! The NEC PC-8001 was my childhood computer back in the day! Don't see a lot of them!

  • @2011joser
    @2011joser 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I always remember my and several of my friend’s frustration at missing out on these computers. One year in highschool we all signed up for a brand new computer class. We were all set to buy a commodore of some type when one of the group said his aunt in texas worked at Texas Instruments and could get us all a great deal on the Ti’s. Needless to say, there was no computers coming from the aunt and those who stayed in the class got to work on Trs-80s.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      TI's story with the TI-99 is an interesting one. It has so much potential hiding away inside it, but it's strangled by the 8-bit VDP, lack of RAM, and TI's decision to not open up the software market to 3rd party devs. In the end, they could barely give the system away, which is a total shame.
      Having said that, the TRS-80s y'all got use in class were probably much better performing machines, haha.

    • @2011joser
      @2011joser 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      The Trs 80s just weren’t cool at the time but they were good enough for the class. The cool kids called them “trash 80s”.

  • @KeritechElectronics
    @KeritechElectronics 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Beauty and joy for ever! Excellent find and fix. Now let's check if it will run Doom... :D
    And kitties

  • @heinerboellenfalltor
    @heinerboellenfalltor ปีที่แล้ว

    The 99er was my first computer. My parents placed it under the tree Xmas 1983. Still have it. (The 99er, not the tree). But it's lurking around boxed at the attic of my house. On my desktop(the real table) there stands a TI-PC100 dockingstation with a connected TI-59. My favourite online game is 'Lord of the Rings online". I use the TI-59 frequently to calculate prices for selling stuff at the in-game auction place. 🙂
    The games doesn't have a built-in calculator so I use this old stuff.

  • @Trishlicious
    @Trishlicious 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    My second computer was a Ti 99/4A; had it for some time; frustrating for a 13 yo to know what computer was good those days. Eventually got a C64 and was all the better; the Ti had little support and not many affordable devices at the time. Wow, good to see one working again. Parsec was my favorite application. :)

  • @sbfotome
    @sbfotome 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I still have my ti-99 with the cassette drives. I have not fired it up in years, but it still looks new.

  • @dustinmcdermont699
    @dustinmcdermont699 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Oh man! I'm totally subbing so I don't miss the rs-232/ centurion video... that's exciting, can't wait!!!

  • @Stoney3K
    @Stoney3K 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Commodore: "NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE".
    Texas Instruments: *Hold my bourbon...*

  • @TyroneDeise
    @TyroneDeise 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    15kHz... now, that's a frequency I've not heard for a long time.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Sorry about that! I still can't hear it, but I should have checked the audio waveform before publishing. Interestingly, neither my wife nor my father could hear it either, guess that means we're all getting up there in years, haha.

    • @TyroneDeise
      @TyroneDeise 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@UsagiElectric oh… I can’t hear anything above 8kHz anymore.

  • @MrLurchsThings
    @MrLurchsThings 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Makes an Amstrad CPC look narrow 😂

  • @TornadoCAN99
    @TornadoCAN99 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Loads of good memories from my youth! I had the "chiclette" keyboard 99/4 and then the proper keyboard 99/4A. Space Invaders, Parsec ("Nice shot pilot!"), Hunt the Wompus! Never had the full complement of peripherals like you, though I worked all summer selling vacuum cleaners to splash out for the PEB (Peripheral Expansion Box)...though I can't recall what I actually put into that :-)

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Oh man, color me jealous! I've been on the hunt for an original chiclet keyboard 99/4 for a while now, but they're super rare and insanely expensive when one does pop up.
      That's awesome that you upgraded to a PEB though. The PEB is such a good idea for desk space, but I do think the ridiculous train of sidecars is certainly more fun to look at, haha.

  • @Oddzball3
    @Oddzball3 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great intro. Your videos are top notch as always

  • @tron3entertainment
    @tron3entertainment 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    This video had everything - including kittens!
    Still have my '99 in the closet and a ton of game carts.

  • @qwkimball
    @qwkimball 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks so much for this. The TI-99 4/A was my very first computer, which went to college with me in 1983. All my programs were on cassette tape. Did it impact my life? Yesterday, I finished an i5-12600K build after GPU prices returned to more sane levels. I didn't take up a tech career path, but PCs have been a hobby of mine since I first got this little gem.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you for checking the video out!
      Having grown up in the 80s, I didn't build my first computer until the 386 days, so I love hearing stories about how people interacted with all the different 8-bit machines I missed out on growing up.

  • @johnchase7667
    @johnchase7667 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I still love my TI99 and program for it when ever I can find time.

  • @brentboswell1294
    @brentboswell1294 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    The TI-99's biggest problem was TI themselves. They wanted sole control over the software market for the machine. In my Texas childhood home, we had the other "Texas Terror" home machine, the TRS-80 Color Computer 😂

  • @mattsword41
    @mattsword41 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    completely get being more excited by an old spreadsheet than a game... and then being slightly disturbed by that ;)

  • @TheSulross
    @TheSulross 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    an older brother bought a TI-99 for himself and bought a Commodore 64 for me - years later finally understand the architectures enough to see that I got the better architecture design as the TI direction of CPU design was avdefinite dead-end given the evolutionary trends. Not speaking from market place perspective but technical perspective. The TI's clever way of using memory to store context switching state would become more problematic as CPU clockspeed and memory clockspeed would diverge further and further apart.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I don't know if I would say that the TI-99 CPU design was a dead-end so much as it was designed around different concepts. Minicomputers using similar architectures were used well into the mid-90s (the Centurion minicomputers were used regularly as late as 1995) because they were brilliant at data management and multi-user setups, something a 6502 or even the 8086 couldn't quite match. But, for a home computer / personal computer setup, that minicomputer architecture really didn't translate well at all.

  • @scottjohnson5415
    @scottjohnson5415 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    The TI 99/4a was the firm home computer that I purchased. Mine had a regular keyboard, not a membrane keyboard. I didn't have any of the sidecars. I had a cassette recorder to store programs.

  • @skfalpink123
    @skfalpink123 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I used to have to service Texas Instruments commercial/industrial hardware and absolutely hated it. Every circuit was pointlessly over-complicated (any power transistor failure would immediately blow a dozen more), while all metal components in their OMNI printers were given super-sharpened edges to better rip skin from your knuckles. Best of all was their "luggable" (PPC - System 2) PC, which would blast choking clouds of black smoke into the air, if a customer forgot to flick the 110/240 supply voltage switch, and then plugged it into a 240v supply. Yeuch!!

  • @antonnym214
    @antonnym214 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Mr Usagi, you have a real talent for choosing subjects that are interesting. All of it has been excellent. I was a 19 year old kid programming in Z-80 Assembly for a company in Atlanta when my brother bought a TI-99 (I believe his was the 4A model). To me, the BASIC seemed to be a WEIRD dialect and hard to work in. Interesting, though. All good wishes for your continued success!

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you!
      The BASIC definitely is WEIRD! But, it's a surprisingly powerful system, despite being really handicapped. Some really brilliant programmers have even managed to get some rudimentary 3D raytracing running on TI-99 hardware! (RasmusMoustgaard99 here on TH-cam has some awesome demo videos of some of the wild things he's achieved with the TI99 hardware.)

  • @solid-state
    @solid-state 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You were lucky with the shielding (or maybe I was unlucky), my TI-99's shielding was soldered to the mainboard ground plane in multiple points, it was a pain to remove.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Ooof, I don't think it should have been soldered, but I can definitely imagine how that would be an absolute nightmare to remove!

  • @crashmatrix
    @crashmatrix 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Alright Hal, you keep working on replacing that lightbulb.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Found the Malcolm in the Middle fan!

  • @joysticksnjukeboxes
    @joysticksnjukeboxes ปีที่แล้ว

    I grew up with the constant sound of electronics whine. It's more strange to me now if I don't hear it. No worries. :)

  • @michaelardai9703
    @michaelardai9703 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Those bunnies are looking rather kitten today...

  • @joel530johnson2
    @joel530johnson2 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    The first computer I had was a TI 99/4A. Later I got a job as a programmer/manager using a TI 990. That system was used to pay a 600 person payroll each week.

    • @B9M3
      @B9M3 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I'm surprised that these things ever had any use other than hobbyist toys, even when new.

    • @joel530johnson2
      @joel530johnson2 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@B9M3 The TI 990 was a "mini" computer about the size of a refrigerator. We had about 12 terminals in 3 locations. The payroll software came from a company in CA using RM Cobol.

  • @PCBWay
    @PCBWay 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    That's REALLY something! 👍

  • @VandalIO
    @VandalIO 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Love your kittens 🐱 are you planning to change your channel name to koneko computers !

  • @thedogwooddandy
    @thedogwooddandy 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    That NEC character display is very resilient. I also have a premade spreadsheet with all the internal capacitor values including the audio daughterboard inside if you ever want to top-to-bottom recap that baby. It's the crown jewel on top of my Apple II+ and what I use for my own home built Z80 system. Love your work.

    • @sprybug
      @sprybug 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I used to have one exactly like that. Was a great green monochrome monitor with a nice crisp display. Wish I still had it!

  • @PeterRichardsandYoureNot
    @PeterRichardsandYoureNot 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I loved my ti-994a and it’s speech synth, with sprite support, expanded basic, etc. the save to tape was annoying as heck…but a great simple machine to work with.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Extended Basic really woke the machine up to! I think a lot of people judge based on the original Basic ROM included and it's not the best Basic out there. Coupled with the slightly unfamiliar syntax, I can see it copping a lot of hate, but with the right accessories, the TI-99 was a great little machine!

  • @MarcelHuguenin
    @MarcelHuguenin 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    That was a nice trip back to memory lane, cool!

  • @mattm1686
    @mattm1686 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I had a TI 99 as a kid in the 80’s!

  • @LMacNeill
    @LMacNeill 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Wow -- I had no idea that TI/99-4 had such an awesome CPU! I guess they kind of strangled the memory bus because that was pretty common back in the day -- the original IBM-PC only had an 8-bit memory bus despite having a 16-bit CPU. That's what happens when you build to a price-point. Or a profit-point, in the case of IBM.

    • @UsagiElectric
      @UsagiElectric  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Yeah, the 8-bit VDP and the fact it could only really access memory through the VDP really hamstrung the TMS9900. I would have loved to see what this CPU could do if it were fully uncorked!

  • @UTubeRangerBob
    @UTubeRangerBob ปีที่แล้ว

    That NEC monitor is almost exactly like the monitor for the HP86B right down to the scratchy volume knob. The only difference is the HP has the power jack on top and the I/O jack on the bottom.

  • @finkelmana
    @finkelmana 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Lol. I just ordered two 99/4a's last week and waiting for them to arrive

  • @smakfu1375
    @smakfu1375 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Multiplan? On the TI-99? Yeah, I'm going to have to file that under the heading: "Almost A Good Idea".

  • @vivanecrosis
    @vivanecrosis 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Okay, so that white stuff on the chip was dried thermal paste! I found 2 X Ti99 in the garage covered in muck and water. I cleaned them up and one of them works but the picture is garbled. Next I’ll try some new thermal paste on the video chip and then out the rf shield back on. Thanks, this video helped.

  • @jamesthompson7694
    @jamesthompson7694 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Dirty pots. The bane of all electronics.

  • @RosyRecluse
    @RosyRecluse 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    My father lived through this era of them and he recommends getting a Texas Instruments MONITOR for that TI-99

  • @raulrrojas
    @raulrrojas 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Now that you mention, I think I will need a Centurion in order to test my RS232 ports! ;)