The Caucasian Languages (of The Caucasus Mountains)
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 3 พ.ค. 2024
- This video is all about the indigenous languages of the Caucasus region, including the Kartvelian, Northeast Caucasian, and Northwest Caucasian language families.
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Special thanks to the following people for their language samples and feedback: David Gagnidze (Georgian); Sana Patuash, Apsha Rustam, and Asa Nash (Adyghe/Circassian).
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Major sources used:
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Creative Commons images:
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Improved Chechen samples by a native speaker: th-cam.com/video/1eh1e-d_6-U/w-d-xo.html
Hi, everyone. I hope you like the new video. A couple of things to note: (1) "gvprtskvni" should be translated as "You (sg) peel us" rather than "They peel us".
(2) Some people have commented that "Gvachvenen" (They will show us) should be "Gvachveneben". "Gvachvenen" is a casual reduced form of the more formal standard form "Gvachveneben". (3) It turns out that the Chechen speaker in the video is NOT a native speaker, even though I confirmed with him several times that he is a fluent native speaker. It seems he considers himself a native speaker because he is an ethnic Chechen, but he in fact learned it as a second language. It pisses me off to no end when people mislead me about this kind of thing. Really.
Paul!!! one question? Are you a polyglot???
@@stevo54838 BTW, I happen to be a native English speaker with a love of phonology.
The thing is, all native English speakers know about labialized consonants, because the one that we use is written in a weird way with a letter that we don't use anywhere else: *"qu"*!
“Quick,” “squirrel,” ”quasi,” … we don't pronounce these as a 'k' followed by a 'w'. It'a always _the labialized-'k'_. And if you give it a try, like saying “k|wick” instead of "quick", you'll hear the difference.
[I usually end up devoicing the 'w', however, when I try. Or sometimes a schwa-'e' slips in between the two.]
Once you've wrapped your mouth around that, and can hear the difference, go back and listen to the part of this video with the samples of labialized consonants. You'll immediately hear something … “off” with the way he says the labialized-'k'.
[For “extra credit” ;-) look up each of the labialized consonants on Wikipedia and listen to the sound-samples there. You'll also hear the difference.]
@@John_Weiss Ok John
@@John_Weiss there's also another labialised consonant that most native English speakers should know, the old fashioned way of pronouncing "wh" like some still do in the southern US and in Scotland. I think there the labialisation is even clearer.
I also think that initial R in English is slightly labialised (and not only in words where it clearly was historically according to spelling), at least in certain dialects.
@@noamto I can see why you'd think that.
But if you have a look at an IPA consonant chart, you'll see that 'wh' - and 'w', 'b', and 'p' - are not labialIZED consonants, they're *labial* consonants.
So, 'wh' is an unvoiced labial fricative. It's kinda like a "voiceless-'w'". Wikipedia's a great reference for all of this, BTW.
As for the 'r' in British English … hooboy. Rhotics are always kind of a mess. I saw another linguistics video on this very topic. Some speakers, when saying an 'r', put their tongue in the same position as when you say a 'v'. These people sound like they're saying, "vewy," instead of, "very." But they're *not labializing* anything.
Other speakers have their tongues in the same position as when they say an 'l'.
But that's British English. Here in North America, when we say an 'r' our tongues are curled so far back they may as well be touching our uvulas! 😆🤣🤣 Seriously, though, it's called a "retroflex-'r'". And in the US, that retroflex-'r' can turn into an "'r'-colored vowel". (See Wikipedia.) Yes, in US English, 'r' is sometimes a vowel!
The Balkans: I have the most complicated demographics!
The Caucasus: Hold my mountain
This is terrific, haha, cheers!
new guinea: amatures
🤣😂🤣😂. Love it.
Laughs in aboriginal Taiwanese.
hi mikolaj We're a Georgian native (Anna) and a German (Raoul). We recently launched a Georgian Language and Culture themed channel, with our crew of little animated friends. So far, we uploaded five language videos, the culture related content is coming soon! Hope you enjoy it! If you enjoy the episodes enough, feel free to subscribe, it would help us spread the content better. Thanks so much and have a wonderful day. A+R from georgian2go PS: if you're a Georgian, please subscribe anyway, it helps us popularize the language and we'll be able to reach more people that way, massive thanks.
“Let’s hear an example!” *speaker coughs into the microphone*
Sounds like he was clearing his throat and Paul clearly forgot to edit it out
Hahahhahahah
This made me laugh harder than it shouldve
laughed.
😂 😂 😂
I am Circassian from the USA, I speak Abzagh, Bzadough and Kabardey fluently because my parents insisted on keeping our language and our culture within our home from a very early age. I was allowed to speak any language outside my home, however once I stepped foot in the door inside my house I immediately switched my language as well my culture. I have traveled to several countries and the Circassians are losing their language. Disheartened to say we already lost the Wibigh language.....I adore my culture, my dance and my very difficult languages. When I hear the sound of the accordion my heart overflows with extreme bliss.
there is lots of circassians in my area(turkey) and they sadly just speak turkish:/
Адыгэ уей уей 🙂
😊🤚👍
Your parents are heros and you should be proud of them for preserving your culture and language. Now think of doing the same with your kids so your identity will never die.
I'm not circassian, I'm from Africa, and I respect your people for their efforts to preserve this fascinating culture.
How come you speak 3? Your parents are from 2 different places?
The Georgian script is Georgeous
Madloba 💓 დრო მოვა ისწავლი ქართულს
გეთანხმები! 👍❤️
Weird pun but ok
Just an alphabet like any other.
@@myk1137 ok we got it. Calm down now
Everybody gangsta until Georgian starts clustering consonants.
Or Nuxalk
@VobisPacem Just random words I picked
ტყნ
Gv-PRTS-kv-NEE
@@vigilant_crusty
It can mean "a standing protector" though.
7āmin qā'im
I speak Circassian so I'm not afraid of any other language pronounciation :) Great video, thanks.
Do you live in Turkey ?
Try Danish. Good luck with all the vowels and weird hiccup sounds
Well that's weird (because ur name is written in katakana, so I assumed that you only Japanese and English), as the other guy said, any effective way to learn that language?
sa oef there are a big plenty of the Soviet books, unfortunately, I suppose today only a little group of linguists investigate Caucasian languages (except Georgian)
even !xõó (language with 100+ consonants) tho it would be easier for you to do it
I'm a Circassian native speaker and I can speak also English, German and Arabic fluently thanks to my Circassian mother tongue. Because in Circassian there are many difficult sounds as well as normal sounds that exist in German, Arabic and English, which of course helped me a lot become a fluent speaker in these languages. Thank you Mr.Paul for this amazing video. I'm a linguist and I love your videos very much. Kind regards from Austria
Do you speak russian or circassian?My surname too Tsay,but I live in the Caucasus.
@@Cherkesskiy он же сказал, что он native speaker, адыгэбзэкlэ зэрыпсалъэфыр ауэду занщlу къигъэлъэгъуа
Gvprtskvni is what bananas say when they are about to die.
I like it!
We also say it when someone takes advantage of us financially and leaves us with no money. we use this word in past tense "gagvprtskveni/gagvptskvnes"
lets talk from position of banana
gagvprtskvnian - they are going to peel us
gvrptskvian - they are peeling us
gagvrptskvnes - they peeled us
Better could be just gvbrdgvnis
@@keto-diet :D vai chemo tao :D
Arabic : I have the most throaty consonants!
Caucasian languages : Hello there!
mountains and steppes produce throaty consonants
General Kaukaz!
@Twój Stary I mean Arabic has not that many throaty consonants
@Twój Stary
No one is offended, they are just talking
Twój Stary - Calm down. You sound far more offended and pissed than they do in their very mild remark.
Paul: There are lots of consonants.
Me: oh like the Czech language?
Local: sprvrknkpni
Me: nope nothing alike
*consonants. Languages with lots of vowels would be the polynesian languages like in hawaiian ʻāʻaua "coarse", ʻaeʻoia "to be well supplied", and uauoʻoa "distant voices"
Samatar Mohamed oh thanks that’s what I meant. I’ll edit it.
Well, Georgian's heard it...and the answer is : vephkhvtmbrdghvneli
@@003mohamud try estonian.
And how are they able to still sing so beautifully I mean Georgian polyphonic singing is awesome!
Didn't think anyone in the world would be interested in us or in our languages. I'm pleasantly surprised - thank you.
Best regards from Chechnya👍
I am totally interested. We have a Georgian community here in Andorra and I have heard it spoken up close and personal. I love the sound of the language. It feels deep and emotional and I know I would REALLY struggle to pronounce it
@@douglaspate9314comunidad de georgianos en Andorra? 🤔🤔🤔
@@castro_458there are pockets like this in many places. There is a community of Welsh speakers in Argentina.
I’m Circassian/Adyghe and learning my language right now (which is quite challenging). Thank you for making this video about our language (and those of the Caucasus region), not many people know about us, so a channel as popular as yours talkIng about us is really cool to see!
Wupso (thank you)
where you from7
Where or How u learning it?
And? Did you learn it, any progress??
I only knew about Circassians from reading "A Hero of Our Time" By M. Lermontov, and from a recipe called "Circassian chicken". Now I have been watching your dances on TH-cam!
I am Amharic speaker from Ethiopia. Much respect for Caucasian languages. I think they can pronounce any languages in this world. I saw so many sounds in Caucasian languages that i thought before they are only Amharic sounds.
እኔም እስማማለሁ ከዚ በፊት እኔም ቀ ጠ ጨ ጰ ጸ አማርኛ ብቻ ያለ ድምጻች እንደሆኑ አስቤ ነበር
Amharic has ejectives, right?
You ar caucasian arabizm
There are no clicking sounds like those in Xosa in Caucasian languages
@@mEDIUMGap click sounds are only in South Africa, you don’t really find it anywhere else
Greetings from the North Caucasus, the Republic of Adygea👋👋👋☺️
АДЫГЭ Уей Уей
Greetings from Izmit, Turkey
Hey there. If i were to visit adyghea, kabardino or Cherkhessia What would be some interesting things to see? Do you have museums?
@@RoScFan there's a pretty interesting national museum in Maykop, Adyghea. Not very huge but neither is the town. We have great nature though
@National Autistic Socialism Today in the North Caucasus there are 7 republics: Adygea, Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia-Alania, Ingushetia, Chechnya and Dagestan, as well as 2 territories: Krasnodar and Stavropol, which are part of the Southern and North Caucasian federal districts
I'm Circassian and Turkish, it is VERY interesting to watch this video. I had never seen a Western person talk about these languages and I love how well researched and spot on you are.
Georgian is a language I've been obsessed with since at least 2009-- it led me to delve deep into linguistics. Such a fascinating language and region, but fairly difficult to actually learn when you have lived in the Canadian Prairies and US Midwest where teaching materials are nigh impossible to get ahold of.
And whose features are quite different from Indo European.
@Alex Turner I've been trying off and on for a few years
Eh have you reached the verbs? If you did I’m sorry for your sacrifice because verbs literally are as hard as some easy to learn languages they can compete with other languages entire grammar with complexity
@@georgiancountryball202 I dont agree its not that hard, Have you tried learning french? Georgian verbs act like french but we have slightly more rules
@@randomdude4255 we can. Fill 100 pages of grammar for verbs and if something verbs are more complicated than you think in Georgia
6:27 when somebody slays your villagers in aoe2
That can't be more real than that 😂😂😂😂😂
Really true😂
OMG! you almost made me spit my drink all over my computer! 😂😂😂😂
The greatest comment! I almost wet myself)))
🗡️⚔️🤪
I've been studying Georgian for a few months now and have come to absolutely love the sound of ejective consonants and the harmonic clusters. Though the actual grammar for verbs (and split ergativity) are definitely mind bending and challenging.
Thanks for taking interest in my language! If you need help with Georgian, I can gladly help you!
Thanks buddy ✌️
👏🤝🖐
This. Ejectives and other pronunciation difficulties wouldn't bother me, but the grammar is mindblowing.
Poles: My name is Grzegorz brzęczyszczyki-
Georgians: *gvprtskvni*
how about mts'vrtneli (coach)
make it simpler easier, like Gregor Breshishky.
@@prometheus5770 "MWVRTNELI" is the correct version no need to complicate the language and writing style further no man in georgia writes in that style only foreigners do and its annoying
@@aluda2234 I romanize Georgian only according to the national system from 2002 which you can find on Wikipedia. w for წ and y for ყ are not acceptable for me. They dont make any sense other then visual similarity. But who cares about that. Letters should indicate pronunciation
hi arif We're a Georgian native (Anna) and a German (Raoul). We recently launched a Georgian Language and Culture themed channel, with our crew of little animated friends. So far, we uploaded five language videos, the culture related content is coming soon! Hope you enjoy it! If you enjoy the episodes enough, feel free to subscribe, it would help us spread the content better. Thanks so much and have a wonderful day. A+R from georgian2go PS: if you're a Georgian, please subscribe anyway, it helps us popularize the language and we'll be able to reach more people that way, massive thanks.
1:06 Oh, Sakartvelo, the land whose language has one if the most beautiful-looking script I've seen,yet contains ejectives consonants which can choke your throat, insane pronunciation and grammar rule, and the place where you call your mom "deda" and your dad "mama".
Pualam Nusantara Pretty accurate, but the ejectives are not as hard as they seem. In everyday speech, they're nowhere as harsh and hard as shown in the video. They're kinda just the non-aspirated consonants in everyday speech (think of Finnish, it has non-aspirated consonants, right? Now imagine if it also had aspirated sounds, that's kinda how our "ejectives" work) and not very ejective, unless you're trying to be mad at someone, or joking around.
I have heard ppl complain on my mother-tongue Dutch having a throat-choking sound for 'g'. They clearly haven't heard this
Yes. deda is mom and Mama is father. It is hardest grammar! Verb is always hard!
@@lurji Ejectives are hardest. Grammar isn't scary. Grammar is hardest.
Yet, it looks so similar to burmese that I can't tell them apart if no context is given.
Pronouncing the word for 'water' makes you thirsty
Me gasping for water 6:27
Actually, I think I remember hearing that ejectives use less water than normal (pulmonic) sounds because they don't involve breathing out of the lungs, but that might be total nonsense, and there's also the issue of irritation on the uvula with that ejective uvular fricative (which Paul erroneously calls a stop, no doubt because that's the standard description of Georgian): I have a conlang where I put ejective uvular stops in almost every past-tense verb, and the story I've started writing in it is kind of painful when I reread it too much.
@@masacatior lmao
@@Mr.Nichan I wonder if you spoke a language with more use of the uvula natively, such as German, French, Arabic or Portuguese, you'd have the same difficulty? My native language is Portuguese (I'm assigned male from Rio de Janeiro - women tend to use velar and glottal more here -, so my rr can be palatal - ricota [voiced] -, pre-velar - ridículo [voiced] -, velar - marrom [voiceless], mármore [voiced] -, post-velar - horto [voiced], rua [voiceless] -, uvular - mercado [voiced trilled], largado [voiced fricative], carta [voiceless] -, pharyngeal - armário [voiced], arroz [voiceless] - or glottal - arma [breathy], reto [voiceless] -, though it is usually somewhat velar, uvular or between those; this might sound epic, but I actually struggle to tell the sound of the German, Hebrew and Arabic fricatives apart! In German -chr- clusters I only hear r) and I don't find those hurtful.
😂
My mother is Circassian, sadly she doesn't speak her own language of origin (she speaks Arabic) because her family came long ago to Jordan, but they are still holding onto their identity, I hope that I could learn and speak this language one day . Thank you for the video
The Devil actually went down to Georgia to steal consonants.
Surely to steal the vowels, as they have lots of consonants left? Ubykh, the last native speaker of which died in the 1990s, had 82 consonants and only 3 vowels.
Lmaoo!!
He didn't steal enough.
@@legalvampire8136 it's a joke
@Legal Vampire *2 with much allophonyτακισμος
I was once talking to a friend on the phone and I wanted to tell a joke but I gagged and started coughing. My friend then said: "Are you telling me the joke in kabardian?"
Hahahaha! :-D
У Адыгэ?=)
Велкам ту зе клаб бади...СЛЭП
"Gvprtskvni" means "You (Singular) Peel us"
"They peel us" would be "Gvprstkvnian"
🙃🤪both are non pronounceable!
@@vickyk1861 But georgians pronounce it quite smooth.
@@user-br1nt8tb9h I am sure they do! Just judging from myself 🙃😵😉
Don't forget to use some vowels while you're at it.
@@vickyk1861 i speak arabic and amazigh and i didn't any difficulty lol
I really love the Georgian alphabet. I think it's one of, if not the most beautiful looking written language
Check out Tibetan
Oh my gosh, same!!
in my opinion, tibetan or lao are better looking but georgian alphabet is still impressing!
I remember having that same opinion the first time I saw the Georgian alphabet.
I am a pediatrician and was seeing a
newly-adopted child who had been born in Georgia. I was given his immunization certificate and had no idea how I was going to decipher it.
I saw a Georgian and an Armenian disrespecting each others' alphabets, and that's quite understandable. Both alphabets are claimed to be invented by St. Mesrop, and two neighboring nations (especially in a region like Caucasia where there were fierce conflicts) seldom go well together.
At last Caucasian languages. Thanks for taking the time to do the content. Any Georgians here? 🇬🇪🇬🇪🇬🇪🇬🇪🇬🇪
გაუმარჯოს 🖐
გაგიმარჯოს 😊
💪🇬🇪🇬🇪🇬🇪
✊️
I'm kabardian, and watching your videos made me think that it'd be so nice to see a video from you about my language, but I never ever thought it would actually be a thing! I'm shocked and honored and very happy rn :D
Сэри ара!
я чеченец ☝🏻💂🏻♂️
I was wondering how mutually intelligable the north caucasian languages are. Can you give me an answer?
@@sskuk1095 Sure! Northwest Caucasian languages are for the most part mutually intelligible. Among those Circassian languages have very little difference between each other, but I probably would struggle to understand Abkhaz or Abaza. As for the Northeast languages, they are a completely different language family and I wouldn't understand them at all :)
I used to have a friend from Nalchik, and she always told me that kabardian was the most difficult thing ever. She was teaching me russian and I was amazed that there was something more difficult than that lol. Of course I didn't know much about languages back then, so I thought russian was the hardest thing ever hahaha. It makes me kinda nostalgic to hear about the language and the region. Hope you're doing well!!
Just thought: well, a few languages i'll never learn. Not because they're not charming in their own way, bt because i'll never learn how to pronounce in a thousand years
Don't worry , you can learn that.
@@hiddennameromantic8820 my mother tongue is one of the most vocalic in the universe. i cant'explain how weird it sounds to me :D
@@cyonidee what's your mother tongue?
@@fromant65 italian
@@cyonidee then you should try to accustom with French to get a start to less vocalic languages.
Greetings from Caucasus mountains, from Lezgi people. Nice video.
You are not Albanian are you😅
@@ginaibisi777 Our ancestors are Caucasian Albanian. Not Balkanian one. Ancient Greek historians wrote about the folks leqs, gels, udi and others who lived in Caucasian Albania
Hey 🇬🇪 I am from Georgia. Thank you for this masterpiece.
მადლობა ამ ყმაწვილს. ძალიან მიხარია, რომ მსგავს ვიდეოებს ვხვდები. ვიმედოვნებ მომავალში უფრო მეტი ადამიანი დაინტერესდება ქართული ენით.
Your alphabet is really cool, because every character has complex curves and swirls and spirals, which is something that seems very rare in European languages. There’s letters like K and L that are super straight and angular, but the Caucasian languages have cool curves instead. Although I hope it’s not hard to write.
@@georgesracingcar7701 Armenian alphabet is cool too
@@georgesracingcar7701 Certainly, Georgian script is easier to learn than Arabic, Japanese gana and kana or Korean hangul for example
@ꅏꑀꁲꈜꑀ꒒ wow thats really beautiful and unique! Just as Georgian tho! There are only 14 scripts in the whole world so instead of making it a competition, we should appreciate each other! ორივე ძალიან ლამაზია:)
Georgian alphabet is so aesthetic ♥
6:26 When your character is taking damage from pool of toxic goo and can't get out.
Starts to melt
Ahahhaahah nice xD
Kartvelian is the coolest alphabet no doubt in my mind
👍👍👍
Thank you!!
🙋🏼♀️
Much love to Georgia ✌
დიდი მადლობა ! )
I'm quite interested on Georgian. I have a friend from Georgia and he is my best friend in the whole internet. I find all of these consonant clusters quite amazing and how they can make so many different consonants.
Caucasus is the most beautiful place on earth. Black sea, Caspian sea and our great Mountains in between.
I love my Homeland, although now I live far away, this is the only place where my soul belongs. If you haven't been in Dagestan, I feel really sorry for you. Salam to my caucasian brothers and sisters
И мирного неба над головой.
salam from Dagestan, thanks a lot
Huge salam feom Georgia and safe comeback to your country!!
Where do you live now?
@@desilvakym1544 Moscow
Salam from Azerbaijan sis! Love y'all
I once took a georgian course for a month and then went to georgia ^.^ they kind-of understood me, though didn't quite understand why anyone would learn georgian. it's certainly one of the most fascinating languages I ever dabbled in. 'mindbending', as you say, is absolutely the mot juste
hey mate We're a Georgian native (Anna) and a German (Raoul). We recently launched a Georgian Language and Culture themed channel, with our crew of little animated friends. So far, we uploaded five language videos, the culture related content is coming soon! Hope you enjoy it! If you enjoy the episodes enough, feel free to subscribe, it would help us spread the content better. Thanks so much and have a wonderful day. A+R from georgian2go PS: if you're a Georgian, please subscribe anyway, it helps us popularize the language and we'll be able to reach more people that way, massive thanks.
hoe komt het dat je Japans zo vloeiend is?
@@buraksimsek7264 omdat ik uit japan kom. Bedankt dat je (blijkbaar) mijn videos hebt bekeken ^.^
I am learning georgian
My grandad is born Georgian,and speaks Russian and German well :)
Sadly,he passed away last october :((((
Rip
@@javisantana1 Yeah
Condolences to your grandfather. May he rest in peace. God bless him and your family.
Condolences
RIP. Was he descended from one of the expats that fleed from the bloody occupation of Georgia from red russians?
Brazilian greetigs! thanks for another amazing video, Paul. Georgian is one of the languages I want to learn. I happen to know one of the 190,000 native speakers of Abhaz. He recited the Lord's prayer in his language and it sounds out-of-this-worldly. Each of these Caucasian Languages deserved a video, in my humble opinion.
"Georgian is one of the languages I want to learn" ... Hello, very good and good luck in studying the Georgian language but, there is one thing that you should know without bad intentions I want to tell you, my friend, that the first thing there is no Abkhaz language because the Abkhaz are ethnic Georgians (there are Georgians who call them Svan or the Megrel and the Laz, they do have their ancient language but the Abkhaz do not, like other Georgian groups such as Ajarians, Gurians, Meskhetians, Kakhetians and others) and second "I happen to know one of the 190,000 native speakers of Abhaz " as I tell you, there are no Abkhazians as a nation they are Afsua of origin and They speak in the dialect of the Adyghe language from the North Caucasus and they are not 190,000 only 80,000 ..... and the question why this is the answer to the dirty things of "kremlin politicians"
@@m.i.m.m.i.m.6131 if Abkhaz are “ethnic Georgians”, why do they speak completely different language? You’re victim of propaganda, my friend
@@RandomGuy-rc6vd Wow ... what a brilliant question you asked my little linguist, I represent your stupid mischievous face, you're probably very proud of yourself, yeah !? ))) pee and go to sleep
@@m.i.m.m.i.m.6131 Bravo! You made the most childish and immature response possible without even bothering to answer my argument. 10/10
@M.I.M. M.I.M. Um sorry to intervene apkazians is kartwelian not Georgian it’s connected to us but not 100% ours and it’s occupied by Russia and given free will so even tho I’m Georgian you must find the mistake Abkhazia is not ours for now but it will be in future
Thank you so much! I am Circassian and we want to preserve our language!
More power to you! I am working with Indigenous people in the US on preserving their languages :)
@@aaronmarks9366 Amazing. What region of the US are you from and what languages do you work with
6:27 working out after a 3 month lockdown
That vowellessness gives me anxiety. Hahaha
Oh my god XD
OMG🤣
I don't know much about the languages, but the Georgian alphabet(s?) is one of the most aesthetically pleasing writing systems I've seen (probably my second favourite alphabet after the Latin alphabet)
@Demy Troy Look at Vietnamese and think again. Or some of the interesting styles that exist (gothic, insular, etc)
My favorite is probably Glagolitic
მადლობა
Finally we got a video about my languages. I say in plural because I speak Georgian and Mingrelian.
The amazing linguistic diversity of the region is clearly due to geography. The Caucasus mountains are so high, especially northern Caucasus. That's why we get whole separate language groups there. And in the south where the mountains are lower, we get separate languages, but from bigger language families(Armenian is Indo-European, Azerbaijani is Turkic).
I would like to thank you Paul for this video, I am a Circassian who lives in Jordan (Middle East) and a proud speaker of western dialect of the circassian language.
I am learning more of it still as a person learns as he lives.
again I thank you and as we say it.
Тхьаогъпсэу !!
Salam aleykum, did you learn abzakh since your childhooh from your parents?
There's a native american language in my country called Kaweskar that, as far as I know, also has the p' sound ^^.
A lot of people native to the Americas make/made those ejective sounds. The Incans, Mayans, Navajo and others.
Lakhota also has ejective consonants., including p', t', k', s' etc
Also Korean has several consonants with 3 similar properties.
By the way to expand on my earlier comment, the Chukchi language is spoken in Siberia, right where Siberia would have been connected to Alaska in the past and they also have ejectives, so it might be a distant relative of native American languages. Here's a link to how it sounds: th-cam.com/video/KLndQe87ufc/w-d-xo.html
Can vouch for my "native" language of Laguna.
FINALLY! I was wait'n for something like that for a while.
And btw the person who pronounced "bridge" (6:16) did it absolutely wrong. The very first sound (t') must be way way more 'harder' like in Georgian one on 6:07. Actually we (and by 'we' I mean Chechens or 'noh'chi' - this how we call our ethnicity in Chechen) have a lot of common with Georgians. For instance we have same calculation principals, for example 40 in Georgian and in Chechen will sound like 'twice-twenty', 30 will sound like 'twenty-plus-ten' which is drastically differentiate with our fellow neighbours. There even ethnicity who call themselves 'Batsbiycz' who use fusion of Chechen-ingush-Georgian language and consider themselves as a different nation with their own culture, which is fair, at least in some points.
I'm very obliged to you for your work! Thanks for showing us how different and diverse world actually are!
UPD: I watched the whole video till the end and I actually can't believe that the person who pronounces Chechen words are Chechen. He sound completely, 100%, absolutely wrong. I suppose he is not a native speaker. Word 'Kh'an' for instance must be pronounced with stress on 'A' sound, and 'A' must sound longer and double it self, like in Chinese (those who know what im talking about will get the point). Word 'Kh'an' must sound like 'Kh'Aan' where last 'n' sound pronounces quietly.
UPD2: If you'll need a native Chechen speaker I would be happy to help you with that!
You are speaking of this guy (from the description): Amin Nazirov (Chechen) Now we know.
@@ownpetard8379 Yes, maybe he defines himself as a Chechen, but the language he speaks definitely not a Chechen language. In other languages I may assume it's a dialect differences but 1. I speak all Chechen dialects. 2. There only 3 Chechen dialects and distinction between them are negligible. I suppose that Amin are not Chechen or he learned Chechen as his second language not first (which is happens quite frequently with Chechens who born in Europe for instance).
I asked that guy many times if he was a native speaker of Chechen and he insisted he was. He said “Yes, of course”. I asked because I thought his ejective consonants were off. So maybe he is a second language speaker but insists he is a native speaker because he is ethnically Chechen. If one of you can record the real Chechen sounds for me I will put them into an attached video and pin it in the comment section.
This kind of thing really pisses me off, because people f*ck up a video that I spent 4 and a half weeks making.
Oh I was waiting for this comment 😅
I mean unfortunately no matter how hard I tried I wasn't able to understand anything he said, though I expect to at least recognise these words after getting their translation))
@@Langfocus Yeah, your video is a bit spoiled, but consider you're Canadian and you wore an American Eagle shirt on camera for it!
Just kidding. Love your work. Does a lot of good in many ways. I reckon you must have scaled about 2/3 rds of the Tower of Babel by now.
I got to translate Circassian oral folk lore from French to English when I was in school. It was a fun project. (A French anthropologist in the 19th century recorded stories, wrote them in Circassian and translated them to French)
Georgian is so beautiful and unique. Ive just started to learn it. Its actually so hard tho..
Kudos to those Georgians who use Mkhedruli for their comments - you guys help me a lot to practice my Georgian
მადლობა, ქეით. წარმატებებს გისურვებთ ქართული ენის შესწავლაში.
წარმატებები
I am from Estonia and there are very few consonants in our language. For example, we pretty much don't have any "sh" or "ch" sounds. These are only in foreign loanwords, but people still tend to use "s" instead because it's easier.
I studied in Georgia for a year with two other Estonian guys and boy, you should have seen our faces when we first saw the number of consonants and heard the throat sounds in our first Georgian class. Basically the first few months were us walking around our apartment practicing those throat sounds. That was a pretty funny sight, but I think we all got it pretty accurate in the end. However, there are some words that are unpronouncable to this day. Also, it seems to me that as I was trying really hard, I made more throat sounds than the locals who use the language much more freely and you can barely hear those sounds in some cases.
you have a lot of vowels instead. 3 types of the lengh os vowels is crazy and very strange...
Yeah, I've also noticed that the sounds are much softer when you listen to people talking in everyday speech. What you said kind of makes me think of how when English speakers start learning German, a lot of them pronounce the consonants and especially the 'ch' sound really "harshly," like they've seen in old movies. (I'm a native English speaker, so my observations might not be totally accurate. It just seems like when I listen to German people speak German, the consonants seem softer, the voiced ones aren't voiced as hard, and some people pronounce the 'ch' as 'h' half the time. But a lot of English speakers seem to do CCCCCHHHH really hard, and not even always from the right place of articulation, because they think German is a 'harsh' language and really overemphasize that... anyway, sorry for going off on a tangent. I just think it's really interesting that other people noticed that sometimes you can barely hear those sounds when native speakers make them.)
@@fluffysaffron5719 that happens 🙂 hard language is hard to study.
There are estonian villages at Abkhazia also :)
@Fluffy Saffron it’s because foreign people can’t pronounce pure Georgian they try hard while they must make it soft and it will glide but in Georgian sometimes those things will become hard when we literally stack 6 hard sounding letters in one word on top of each other it’s even hard for Georgian people
I can understand why this video took some time to make! Impressive research and well done in summarizing it to the casual language nerd. I think NativeLang also made a video about the languages of this region. It’s great to get different styles and points-of-view. Thanks from a proud Patreon supporter!
My ethnicity is considered "white" here in the U.S.A., and we are often called Caucasian, but I know we're not! Fascinating languages in this region, and also CRAZY beautiful dancing the Russians call Lezghinka (named for the Lezgin people) that is danced in some variation all throughout the Caucasus. Glad to be a Patreon supporter, and thanks for another informative video!
Not that kind of caucasian
It's also funny since lots of people indigenous to the caucuses aren't really white at all, but more of a yellow/tan skin color, but in North America, everyone that has lighter skin is just called Caucasian. Most Americans don't even know that there's an actual place called Caucuses, and there are actual Caucasian people.
@@welive1099 You're kinda right, but it depends where you live more. Western Georgians are mostly pale while east Georgians are kinda tan.
На самом деле это avar dance.
@@welive1099
Anyone with lighter skin IS white (including Koreans). Supporting the idea that only Germanic people are whites have its origin in hit ler's racial theories.
Congratulations for reaching 1 million mate! 😍 You deserve it! 😃
Let's give Paul a *THUMBS UP* ! 👍
@French Comprehensible Input Wow, I did not expect you here.
6:27 9-yr-old me taking some serious damage in Mortal Kombat.
LMAO ......
😂😂
I was born and lived in the North Caucasus (Stavropol, Russia). It’s really multilingual/ethnic/religious region! People there usually know Russian, their regional language and their own dialect.
Stavropol is Chechenia so you are Chechen
@@user-pe8jm4um8w What... Grozny is Chechenia, Stavropol is full Russian city)
@@alexpug5162 Stavropol was Chechenia but Russians occupied it like Sochi Kuban Crime
@@user-pe8jm4um8w Сочи был как бы «столицей» адыгов, это не чеченская территория, как и Кубань
@@fuduufgjkuddyj6808 Сочи и Кубань где находится и Ставрополь где находится?
I absolutely love this channel! It's basically unique as there is no one else I have found who can explain some of the more confusing aspects of some of these complex languages in such an enjoyable and accessible way. I actually owe a debt to Paul as some of these videos came in extremely useful when I was studying for my degree in Linguistics (there are so many academic text books a person can absorb in a short space of time!)
Keep up the good work! It's greatly appreciated no matter what format you end up settling on.
Everyone says they love it, but only one person is going to save it.
I am part Circassian and part Chechnian. I grew up hearing both, but even for me, pronouncing the contestants of Circassian (Adygabze) is still much more difficult than Chechnian (Noxchii Mott). Marsha ayla and Kebluh.. =]
Ne mutlu Türküm diyene 🇦🇿🇹🇷
Salam du hun marshal 🙋🏻♂️
@@gokhanpala6573 :)
@Modu Laoshang No, but I have family there. I lived in England for most of my life.
@@MahirSayar nickname’den turk oldugunu zannetdimn
The examples of all of the different continents were absolutely fascinating. Thank you for another great video.
Thank you so much for talking about the Circassian language! I'm circassian myself and I find it difficult explaining everything about it to other people. Unfortunately it's becoming one of the forgotten languages so thank you for talking about it!
I'm circassian and I feel so incredibly proud to see my native language talked about ❤️❤️❤️❤️
Zıqık̇oċırısġegerezık̇ıžıfıžınuteqımi-its a largest Circassian word which means-"I can't get out of it".
Уей пхузыфIэкIам ар лэтынкIэ зэбдзэкIыну)
@@user-op9wy8xh6j mir Hafitzer Halerhoe zitxar
@@user-op9wy8xh6j Di mem śeruem xetım)
@@charim5470 а, къэсщIэн хуейт ар занщIэу) ИфIэфIщ абы ар.
the irony
Well Paul, again you leave me in awe.
So many languages and so much to learn from them. Thank you!
hi inez We're a Georgian native (Anna) and a German (Raoul). We recently launched a Georgian Language and Culture themed channel, with our crew of little animated friends. So far, we uploaded five language videos, the culture related content is coming soon! Hope you enjoy it! If you enjoy the episodes enough, feel free to subscribe, it would help us spread the content better. Thanks so much and have a wonderful day. A+R from georgian2go PS: if you're a Georgian, please subscribe anyway, it helps us popularize the language and we'll be able to reach more people that way, massive thanks.
My favorite language is Kartvilian or Georgian . The Dance and choirs of the man's 👍 . With respect ♥️ from 🇦🇫 to the Georgia and Georgian people 🇬🇪
🖐️🥰
so where are you from???
Hello. I write from a small town between Moscow and St. Petersburg. I'm glad I found your channel, and now I can learn more about my language and other languages. And it's because of you and your hard work. I hope you keep making such useful and informative videos as this. Thank you again.
Hi Paul, thanks for these fascinating videos; I’m a longtime watcher. I think it would be interesting to hear more of the language than just these short examples. Have you considered including a short clip of someone either conversing or reading a monologue in the languages you discuss? Nothing very long, just enough to get a better sense of how the language sounds in conversation. Cheers.
I am going to give you an example of 6 consonants pronounced differently: puh, puh, puh, puh, puh, puh and puh.
And I thought Mandarin was difficult with their xi, qi, ji...
When u thot that there couldnt be an even HARDER language for pronunciation
@VobisPacem Similar things apply when you realize how different Caucasian consonants are pronounced. There are just more of them. On a side-note, though, I must admit that hearing what people actually say is important: For example, the example recording for a uvular stop in Georgian was actually a uvular fricative. Also, I was thrown off hearing a lot of the sounds as pronounced by native speakers, even though, when I listen, I hear that the IPA is mostly accurate, just imprecise, as IPA usually is.
hi peter We're a Georgian native (Anna) and a German (Raoul). We recently launched a Georgian Language and Culture themed channel, with our crew of little animated friends. So far, we uploaded five language videos, the culture related content is coming soon! Hope you enjoy it! If you enjoy the episodes enough, feel free to subscribe, it would help us spread the content better. Thanks so much and have a wonderful day. A+R from georgian2go PS: if you're a Georgian, please subscribe anyway, it helps us popularize the language and we'll be able to reach more people that way, massive thanks.
VobisPacem Mandarin is still a very difficult language, though, and the most difficult part was never the phonology. Mandarin has some complicated grammar; it is a tonal language, which makes it inherently difficult; and its writing system consists of thousands of logograms as opposed to a phonetic scripture system. The nuances of the logograms also make vocabulary quite complex. Mandarin is not at all an easy language.
H. H. Whatever you mean by the IPA being imprecise?
I just love the amount of research you are putting in your videos. You're the best!
"They peel us" must be the best example phrase I've ever heard :D
It's from the classical Georgian epic poem "კარტოფილის ცხოვრება (Life of a Potato)", no?
Life IS a potato though, my dude.
@@sciencefictionisreal1608 Wow, this is getting DEEP.
Your word for Potato is a German loanword!?
@@istdochalbern it came from Russian, and it'd come there from German;
Thank you, Paul. Your presentations are always great! One point I would add to your narrative: From those dozens of languages united in the three language families of the Caucasus only Georgian has its own original writing system (ქართული ანბანი - Georgian Alphabet) as well as the oldest literature.
arabic: i have the most guttural sounds in the world!
the entire caucasus: hold my ejectives
Thanks from Circassian! I have sometimes difficulties to speak native language, because our languages are unreal complex and even have to switch over to Russian, but despite this fact i try to speak. I hope my native tongue won't see the fate of the Irish and Scottish ( respect for them)
One thing I find interesting about Georgian and the Kartvelian language is the script! We buy Borjomi mineral water and I love pondering the creation of this script, which is believed to resemble grape vines given that wines and viticulture have been part of Georgian culture for millennia!
Fascinating video! Those consonants were wild - without! Great quality content as always Paul! And don't worry too much about the pronunciation, you've already done the job of raising interest on the languages and the area!
These are some linguistic keys to appreciating my ancestors in a new way! I have felt so disconnected from my cultural story, things like this make me realize that I want to learn more. Amazing to think that my great great great great grandmother might have been speaking some of these old words. Thanks Paul!
На каком языке говорила бабушка твоя ???
Larp
Nice! I am of Circassian decent, but a native English speaker. I used to speak arabic, but have forgotten it at a young age having been born and raised in the USA. My great grandmother was a refugee of the Circassian diaspora in the late 1800's and settled in Jordan where many other Circassians had fled to. They form quite an ethnic subculture there with significant influence. My great grandmother died at the age of 108 in the late 1970's. She and my grandmother spoke mainly Circassian, and my grandmother never learned arabic although she was born in Jordan until she died at age 100. I remember them speaking Circassian as a child, and my aunts and uncles spoke a few words here and there, but found the language difficult. I visited Adygea once on a geology field trip (oil company work in Moscow) and had food there reminding me of my childhood (chicken in walnut gravy, mulberry jam, stuffed grapeleaves). Not sure, but the only circassian word i know is SHOB, which means "hot" as in weather (please, i dont know the spelling, or even if it is a word), and maybe Shipspasta (walnut chicken with rice/wheat paste).
Shob is arabic word .
In Adige language mean fabba .
@@mohammedzahersoqar6931 thanks, i wasn't sure.
👍🤚😊
Thaaanks Paul, I was watching your chanel for years, waiting the episode of us Circassians, and now finally an in-depth informative one.. many thanks again
Adighe wey wey 🤛🏼🤜🏼💪🏼👊🏼☝🏼
Адыгэ уэи уэи ..
My jaw was dropped for basically the entire video. I am bewildered by the consonants of these languages! Also thank you for explaining ergativity so succinctly!
An incredible piece of work! Very well done. Keep up the very good work!
Thanks, Paul. I was so happy to hear a few words about my Circassian language in this video!
Been waiting for this video for years! Thankyou Paul :)
Paul, thank you, I've wrestled with ergative case forever and all of the grammars never explained it as succinctly as you just did
WAIT, i've been trying to piece my head around the concept of ergativity for the longest time (i'm a linguistics student) and i've never really put it together, but hearing your explanation of it made SO much sense omg thank you!! 😭😭😭
It’s my pleasure.
been waiting for this topic for so long~
Fascinating content. Thanks for the work, Paul.
Oh how I've been waiting for this kind of video! Recently I had need of finding examples of languages that had polypersonal marking on verbs, SOV order, and used participles as modifiers for relativization. My search only turned up Avar and there was sadly so little information online about it. I'm really hoping that more English linguists take an interest in the languages of the Caucasus as most of the academic writing on them is in Russian or Georgian
P.S. if anyone can give me some detailed examples of how relative clauses work in Avar, paying particular attention to person and case agreement with the head and any objects, as well as information on how adjectives in Avar work, I'd be so incredibly appreciative.
As a native Adyghe I really appreciated this video. Thank you so much!
do you live in Turkey?
Mkhedruli, the main Georgian writing system, is so beautiful. It's my favorite one.
We needed this video. Thank you, Paul!
I've dreamed of the day Georgian would get featured on this channel, I just find it so fascinating!
One very interesting thing: in Spanish we also have polypersonality. For example, "dámelo" which means "give-(to me)-it."
hi alex We're a Georgian native (Anna) and a German (Raoul). We recently launched a Georgian Language and Culture themed channel, with our crew of little animated friends. So far, we uploaded five language videos, the culture related content is coming soon! Hope you enjoy it! If you enjoy the episodes enough, feel free to subscribe, it would help us spread the content better. Thanks so much and have a wonderful day. A+R from georgian2go PS: if you're a Georgian, please subscribe anyway, it helps us popularize the language and we'll be able to reach more people that way, massive thanks.
When i was learning spanish in school (in new york) it was very hard for me to put sentences together properly until I realized that if i started translating the sentences into my native Georgian rather than English, they would be more grammatically correct.
Por eso no me fue dificil aprender y comprender el castellano.
My favorite channel. I m happy every time I see a notification
Very informative description of Caucasian languages! I wished I could have listened your podcast, before I had started to learn Georgian thirty years ago.
I always had trouble understanding ergativity until you explained it so simply and plainly, thank you for that!
2:24 Chechen and Ingush languages are of the same family called Nakh language. Chechen and Ingush together called Vainakh(which means "our people"). Ingush can easily understand chechen speakers and visa versa. 90%+ of vocabulary is the same, but words sound little different with different endings - basically take any Ingush word add "la" or "a" at the ending and u have Chechen word. Im pretty sure American Texas english and British cockney english are less similar to each other than Chechen and Ingush languages.
I'm an Ingush, just in case.
basically adding La or A at the end of an ingush word does not give you a Chechen word. that is such a wrong generalisation. One can understand the other language if they speak slowly and clearly, but otherwise I think you'd be surprised to realise you would not understand Chechen or ingush as opposite speaker in day to day life once exposed to it. they're related languages and are only mutually intelligible if both speakers have knowledge of the other language, otherwise it will not be easy to understand.
Salam alaikum sa wash!
@@carelessdream677 Не правы, мы очень просто понимаем друг-друга. У нас немного разный диалект, но это не мешает...
Hi Paul! Thank you so much for covering this language-rich region. Like other commenters I have been obsessed with this region too, it's music, and cultures; but I've always found it difficult to get more information. You answered a lot of questions for me, especially regarding shared features and any similarities between them. I would be so interested to know if there is shared vocab or loan words from various Caucasian languages or some of the other larger languages; as we saw Chechen uses the word Adat for culture.
"What the heck is ergativity? Sometimes I still ask myself the same question." 😂 Same here!
I think he didn't pick the best example with verb "sleep". When you use actual ergative verbs like "break", "ring", "hurt", "burn", or "freeze", the concept is easier to understand.
As a native speaker of Georgian, I wonder too.
If you study Basque, you will get a much better idea. And Basque is a lot easier to pronounce!
hi merve We're a Georgian native (Anna) and a German (Raoul). We recently launched a Georgian Language and Culture themed channel, with our crew of little animated friends. So far, we uploaded five language videos, the culture related content is coming soon! Hope you enjoy it! If you enjoy the episodes enough, feel free to subscribe, it would help us spread the content better. Thanks so much and have a wonderful day. A+R from georgian2go PS: if you're a Georgian, please subscribe anyway, it helps us popularize the language and we'll be able to reach more people that way, massive thanks.
@@sohopedeco hi pedro We're a Georgian native (Anna) and a German (Raoul). We recently launched a Georgian Language and Culture themed channel, with our crew of little animated friends. So far, we uploaded five language videos, the culture related content is coming soon! Hope you enjoy it! If you enjoy the episodes enough, feel free to subscribe, it would help us spread the content better. Thanks so much and have a wonderful day. A+R from georgian2go PS: if you're a Georgian, please subscribe anyway, it helps us popularize the language and we'll be able to reach more people that way, massive thanks.
Thx for your explains,that was so helpful for my assignment!!!!!
Great Job, Mr. Paul!!! You are very smart. I found the fact that, in one sentence, the meanings were represented by a single letter fascinating. Also all of the peculiar consonants!! I've listened to the languages and it sounds great!, with a lot of "sh" sounds and predominate consonants.
That's quite an informative video about caucasian languages. I myself speak Dargin (Northeast Caucasian) but have never studied it to that extent. As far as I speak one of the dialects, there's no way to dig into the language much since it's an unwritten one. Despite all these facts, I can still confirm your theoretical information referring to the practical of mine. I'm really impressed as long as I've never noticed those features. Feeling my aboriginality to the bone. Thank you for your efforts.
Thanks a lot for a great job. I've met an American linguist who was studying North Caucasian languages and lived in Georgia for some time. Now I understand why he was so excited about local languages :). It's a great journey for a linguist to deal with such an amount of linguistic unknowns and link the dots to reach scientific conclusions.
Long time no see! Welcome back! I love your videos
Circassian is one the most difficult languages out there.
Sadly the language is on the way to extension as the exiled Circassians from their homeland "Circassia" find it hard to practice it or learn it in exile, especially for young generations