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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 18 ก.ย. 2024
- Philosophy can be insufferably hard. It doesn’t have to be. Dr. Paul Maxwell breaks down the ENTIRE history of philosophy in 30 minutes.
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Meta-physics(universe), epistemology(knowledge) and Axialogy(values)
Pre-modern,modern, post-modern
Pre-Socrates,(eliatics(unity) and mylegions(change))
Socrates(what is right)
Plato(ideas over materials/rt reasoning)
Aristotle(why should you act rightly)
St.Augistine(incorporated Plato in Christianity)
Thomas Equanis(Aristotle into Christianity/Saqrementology)
Enlightenment (thinking for oneself/method over ultimate philosophy)
Renee Decartes (doubt everything,even doubt itself/I think therefore I am/epistemic shift) Rationalism
David Hume (impressions over Causality/is doesn't entail ought) Imperissism
Caunt (numinal vs phenomenal,transcendental)
Hegal (Rationale Dialectic thesis,anti thesis, synthesis) religion to ethics to aesthetics
Soren Kierkegaard (Aesthetics to ethics to religion)
Post-modernism ( consequences of the holocaust Axialogy comes before all else)
Can we ever be enchanted with the world again?
And the final item: Jumping of the shark.
This is a gross over-simplification. Good luck with mere memorization and surface knowledge.
Kant, not Caunt
@@orenthiadillard8993 Everyone needs a place to start. For anyone trying to get into philosophy it is a good enough video.
Thomas Aquinas not Thomas Equinas
My notes of what he said
3 categories of philosophy
1. Metaphysics: the study of ultimate reality. Explains not only the material, but the conditions in which the material exists. Concepts of being and immaterial vs material are kinds of metaphysics.
2. Epistemology: the study of knowledge. What we can know; how we can know; the right and wrong ways of knowing. Logic and evidence are kinds of epistemology.
3. Axiology: the study of value. Aesthetics (study of beauty and ugliness) and ethics (study of right and wrong) fall under this category.
Second set of 3 words which constitute the story of philosophy
1. Pre-modernism. “I am, therefore I think.” Focus on metaphysical claims. Socrates -> Plato -> Aristotle and Greek thoughts about essences and the forms transforming Christian thought with explanations of the Trinity.
2. Modernism: Began with Descartes “I think, therefore I am.” Focus on epistemological claims. Enlightenment, scientific revolution, and Industrial Revolution propels it. David Hume “is doesn’t entail aught.”; impressions vs ideas. Rationalism (Descartes and reason) vs Empiricism (Hume and experience). Kant combined these two ideas saying there’s an inherent separation between the objective reality vs our interpretation of it. Hegel critiques this and argues that the ultimate reality makes itself known to our interpretations through rationality, BUT, with a dialectic view of generational thesis / antithesis’ about the way the world works changes and improves over time. Thesis + antithesis = synthesis, -> pattern repeats; the rational dialectic. In the ideal, utopian future, all humans with come to the same conclusions, and agree on everything, making the objective and subjective worlds identical. Hegel’s opinions created detractors (pro individuality) and defenders (pro homogenous cultures, intro to Marxism). Hegel argued the ideal route for each man, as well as society, was religious -> ethical -> aesthetic. Kierkegaard countered this by saying he had it all backwards.
3. Postmodernism: focus on axiological claims. It was rooted in Hegelian existentialism but was jolted into existence with the Holocaust. Some philosophers thought the Nazi party (a combination of Darwinism -> Eugenics + Marxism) was the inevitable consequence of the Enlightenment, where the postmodernist’s inability to seemetaphysical realities; their disenchantment with the immaterial and focus on the material; allowed the Nazis to dehumanize the Jews because the Nazis were a slave to the myth of rationality that was in reality a way of masking their attempt to gain political power. Postmodernists were left with a choice to prevent a second Holocaust: return to the metaphysical focus of souls and the inherent value of humans, or focus on axiology and justice. In the world today, because of the mix of modernism and postmodernism disenchanting us with metaphysics, with the value and dignity of people and the soul beyond unjustified axiology, that dictates a principle of radical doubt which never allows the justification of metaphysics. People crave it, that meaning, that transcendent understanding of reality, but it’s simply either privatized or shunned due to the nature of our philosophical landscape. So what direction so we go? How do we become enchanted with the world again? The Christian worldview speculates that the only way to begin metaphysics is not to speculate about the metaphysical world but to have the metaphysical world reach out to you
very good notes
This was a great summary of philosophy.
1:45
Metaphysics: Study of The World outside of Physical Reality
Epistemology: The Study of What We Know and How We Can Know It.
Axiology: The Study of Values
3:50 Pre Modern Post
Pre-Modernism: Metaphysical, Pre-Socratics [All Is ....] [Chaos and Order]
5:38 What is Rightness? Essence?
7:54 Expression of Virtue, Moderation of Virtue, Balanced Righteousness.
_The Epistemic Shift --> The Enlightenment_ Method studied
10:10
13:14 Morality: Is from Ought?
14:03 The World as it is vs The World as it is perceived.
16:08 Common Rules of Perception, Universal Rules
17:25 Rationality, Cyclical Revolution, Future Reality Pull, Dialectic
19:14 Reason Into Bliss
20:53 After Hegel:
Homogeneity vs Individualism
Reason and Religion
Fixed and Authentic
22:55
Pre-Modernism: Be What You Are
Modernism: Figure Out What You Are
Post-Modernism: Be What You Believe You Are 24:17 Machiavellian
26:00 An Age of Competing Modernities
27:09 Revelation
I‘m only 4 minutes in and no matter where this takes me, I have already learned so much that I wanted to express my deepest thankfulness
Fantastic. Thank you so much for this. As someone intensely interested in philosophy but with no formal background, it's hard sometimes to know where to start. Just like the paradox of the information superhighway is that it can sometimes provide too much information, which is overwhelming, the more one gains a superficial knowledge of philosophy, the harder it becomes to know where to begin a deep dive. I really appreciate this comprehensive summary!
if you want to start from the start. I'd recommend the history of Philosophy without any gaps
What I wished I knew when I first started studying philosophy is that everything we are doing has already been done by the ancient Greeks and from that point forward it has just been a series of adjustments of those root ideas. Plato and Aristotle still influence the world. Read Bertrand Russell's a history of western philosophy it's a decent accounting of how history unfolds with enough detail to be valuable and just read the section on ancient philosophy as many times as you need to know it well before moving to modern philosophy. When you build a house you need to learn how to build a strong foundation before you do the rest. Modern and post modern philosophy is really decorating the rooms after you are done building the house.
I watch this every 6 months. I have spent years trying to learn about philosophy and theology and I don't think any other video has come close to articulating so much useful information in such a concise and clear way. Thank you and I hope you keep doing what you are doing.
Continue and elaborate this into a series please! This was absolutely brilliant.
My God, I finally understand what Hegel was on about. You, sir, are a magician, well done. Excellent content!
Except he was wrong. Rationality did not lead to Nazism. If you are selectively removing variables in the calculation, it is not rational.
I echo the sentiment. I never understood The Hegalian Dialectic.
Until today!
Oh, sweet Enlightenment. I never believed that one day you'd be mine, oh mine.
But, seriously. This dude is Awesome.
@@YoungMommy14 it's a voice and langusge that was mixed with polish, ukraine and russia in the Vennia circle after post world war 1 in 1920, then up to 1945, the Germans conquered them for helping the prussians and conquering konisberg who conquered prussians empire fell into a polish society regime. Between Poland and konisberg. Yes history is then repetition of history regulated through continental antithesis innregulated empires within isolated,nonprofit, political parties...
I really NEED a transcript of this Dr. Maxwell! AWESOME!
Usually, I speed up lectures, podcasts etc by 25%. This time however I needed to slow it down 25% because every idea and explanation you utter is so meaty and juicy that I need a little longer to digest them.
This video is super helpful for a clear mindmap of philosophy as a whole. I would mix up philosopher's names and their respective ideas but this made it much easier for me to organize it all - and in such a short time. Thank you sincerely.
I agree it's nice template for a mindmap of Philosophy
Ok, this is some fantastic content, but I'm going to need each minute of this video to be broken down into their own 27 minute segments.
Then you a bad news paper edida.
Reality isn’t either/or it is both.
This was a fantastically engaging summary of the history of Philosophy, and also, seemingly, a very very long ad for Christianity.
Either way, thank you for creating and posting it, I thoroughly enjoyed it.
Yeea and those first thousand years of hellenism
This is a beautiful piece of work. If you are starting on a journey in the realm of ideas, or you're a dabbler, a roadmap will always be useful. It appears Dr Maxwell may have smuggled in Revelation as way of knowing at the last moment to hammer a point, but it doesn't decrease the utility of the presentation at all. Pick up with your favorite thinker: like James, or Bergson, place the thinker on the roadmap and you will be oriented and can travel in any direction. "Have fun storming the castle!"
Flaming heck...that was fantastic. I've been tinkering with philosophy for decades, as a kind of hobby...but so many thing slotted into place in this video with context or framework provided. Thanks for this. You have just majorly updated my model of reality.
You are a great teacher. Thank you dearly! I am preparing to return to school after 7 years of travel around the world for a BAC in philosophy. So this is my prep work :)
Thank you for the "Map of Meaning Making". There are some of us who would love if you had a conversation with Paul VanderKlay.. I appreciate your project and hope you continue your pedagogy.
So glad you mentioned Kierkegaard. Excellent summary
Very well done. I think you missed three important moves that are informative and important in the beginnings of philosophy. 1. After the Pre-Socratics, the Sophists presented a skeptical, relativistic challenge to philosophy, which was an early move towards epistemology. In a sense this was presaging the move towards the Modern period. 2. Socrates and his "Socratic Turn" was a move towards axiology, as he emphasized ethics and values. 3. Plato shifted Socrates' axiological emphasis. He was grappling with the challenges between the Eleatics and Milesians, and found a compromise. There was an unchanging eternal realm of forms (the truth in the Eleatic school), but the world of the senses was an ever-changing flux (the truth in the Milesian school). He thus resolved the paradox with a two-layered metaphysics.
The best video on TH-cam--ever. My note is that you could mention the evolutionary and the Nietzschean philosopher's attempt on post-modernism that goes from epistemology to metaphysics then to axiology based on that metaphysics (my understanding).
Thank you for making this video, truly.
Thank you so much. I have been reading philosophy for years and this is one of the very best videos I have come upon. Probably the best for summarizing the history of philosophy
I can't believe that I already took three philosophy courses at uni, and only thanks to your video, I finally understood the infamous Hegel! Thank you for this!
Man! I knew some of this already, but this video gave me some new insights especially when explaining the epistemic shift from metaphysics to epistemology. Thank you brother!
This was really great. Listened to it half a dozen times. I Need to sketch it out. Would be cool if you were able to do this on a deeper three hr level to encompass loads more as a summary and include a sketch. I would definitely pay for that if you ever did it. Thanks again. Been following philosophy for two years and in 30 mins I learned more than from all I read. Was able to connect the dots a lot more and that helps w context
Thanks for the video. The major key for me (never taken any classes) is that the universe works in cycles and seasons and you were able to show that in the history of philosophy. Impressive.
Nicely done. Now we need a summary for the History of Eastern Philosophy.
Thank you sir I have been thinking about philosophy as far back as I can remember and your 30-minute spill, well done by the way, has helped knit so much of it together
This is absolute Gold.
A true a-theist like myself would say "I do not believe that there is a god" and never "god doesn't exist". An antitheist would say that there are no gods. It is crucial that we are scrupulous in our terminology.
You could be a nontheist or you could worship stump
Nice! A tremendous and valuable effort to give a guide to the realm of Philosophy. Thank you!
Wow! Man! That was awesome. Please think of doing "The entire history of philosophy" again, but a longer video and go into a bit more detail. Maybe to touch upon interaction of secular philosophy and Christianity.
Thank you. This video is exactly what I was searching for.
A history of philosophy without ever mentioning Schopenhauer, Nietzsche or Wittgenstein, and remarkably it works!
Wittgenstein used to and use his writings as a monetary value, it was a currency. I think they all did thst then conquered, and edited by publishers in an hermeneutic processing of abstraction. No they just write philosophy, and you would pay for it, then edit it.
Hume was such a bad-ass; he asked the one question few if any had anticipated - adjacency[temperospacial] is not causality.
"Of course she kicked the ball!" Hume: "How sure are you?"
This is a solid synopsis but there is one glaring omission. It is obvious that the axiological shift from modernity to postmodernity was carried out by Nietzsche.
Nietzsche is to postmodernity what Descartes is to modernity. This can be seen from Nietzsche’s reconceptualization of the basic epistemological concepts “true” and “false” as *values.*
True but Nietzsche was a prophet operating outside of a historical progression.
Gasping for truth. Not so. Nietzsche began to become famous in his final mad decade. His first line of influence-like Rousseau and as Nietzsche intended-was through the artists. By the mid 30s Heidegger had persuaded everyone non Anglophone Nietzsche was one of the great thinkers. Almost everyone in Germany and France felt this influence. And indeed, all the “fathers” of postmodernism go back to Nietzsche to deploy him against Heidegger: Derrida, Foucault, and Deleuze all deploy essentially Nietzschean strategies and tropes of language and thinking.
Morally, postmodernism leans into Marxism, but in a kind of gratuitous gesture: the philosophical map of today is drawn with Nietzschean cartography.
Also don't forget the pragmatists carrying out the same movement in the Americas.
Nietzsche would credit Schopenhauer for it. Nietzsche may have provided more examples of the shift, but Schopenhauer laid the conceptual groundwork decades before.
An overview of the history of philosophy from a Christian perspective. Paul Maxwell made this video in 2019, after teaching philosophy at Moody Bible Institute. In 2021 he published a well-reviewed book ("The Trauma of Doctrine: New Calvinism, Religious Abuse, and the Experience of God") and announced that he was no longer a Christian. On his web site he now describes himself as a free thinker. He clearly went thru a difficult deconversion process, and we wish him all the best in his new life.
Normally I have to watch something a few times in order to remember it, but most of what you've said here was burned into my brain after I saw clips from this video in Paul VanderKlay's video. Thank you, it was very helpful in pulling together so much of what's been swimming around in my head for ages.
Do you remember which Paul Vanderklay video this one is in?
@@playswithbricks God, the guy uploads so many, I have no idea.
Excellent summary. We (you) need to layer some text/graphics for added punch/emphasis. :-)
agree
This is the greatest philosophy video and perhaps the greatest TH-cam video ever. I will be dissecting this for years. Thank you.
If philosophy is magic, then we heard a magician. Each minute is so weighty that it worth one hour of reflection, and a second hour of understanding. It is the meeting of the genius with the beauty.
I was doing research for something and needed to remember if I missed any major points in the history of philosophy and found this video. Very well done. I didn't realize you were a believer until after I'd watched it and shared it with some people because of your explanation of Kant through Kierkegaard because I think Hegel and Kierkegaard are probably the two most important thinkers for today. You might disagree. I don't know. I just tend to love Kierkegaard, so that might be it. But anyway, I didn't realize you were a believer until afterward. Then I found out that I'd read some of your articles, especially on Desiring God. Anyway, all that to say, good job.
Awesome general, yet incomplete summary; there is much more to it than that... But the sleight of hand at the end was almost, just almost perfect, making the leap from philosophy to theology whereby Christianity is crowned the ultimate bona fide... the Truth.
"If a tree falls in the woods",
they're probably fracking.
FIRE, FIRE, FIRE. That video was all FIRE. LOL. Thank you for this brother.
People also confuse True vs Not True with True and False
This is so great. Thank you so much for doing it!
According to the Epistemological school of Rundemciology, "It's Like That & That's the Way It Is".
this is great thx - let this one flow through a few times
My brother...
I don't know how I stumbled upon this, but I'm very glad that I did.
That wasn't just 'well done'.
It was remarkable!
I think the prospect of summarizing The Entire ouvre of Western Philosophy in 30 - 40 min. would cause most philosophy professors to have a 'nervous breakdown'.
That's an unbelievably daunting task.
But, you did it masterfully.
Acquiring knowledge is one thing.
Teaching is another thing altogether.
There's myriad people who possess unbelievable amounts of knowledge, but ask them to bestow that knowledge unto another, and they suddenly go from 'Compossed, and Sophisticated' to 'Exposed and Presumably Inebriated'.
'Confident and Cerebral' to 'Regressive and Medieval (At least reminiscent of)'.
'A Lover of Knowledge' to An Inept Fool who Dropped Out of College'.
'A Man never mistaken for a Sucker' to a Dimwittted Mutherf...'.
Ok... you get the point.
Great Work. I very much look forward to watching more.
Honestly, I enjoyed this video so much. There was such a sense of completion at the end where you spoke about returning to the metaphysical world through returning to God that I just lay on my bed and felt peaceful and whole because it made so much sense. I hope you're doing well. God bless
I can do it in 10 seconds:
Socrates said to do is to be.
Sartre said to be is to do.
Sinatra said: Doo bee doo bee doo.
I kind of know all this quite well, but I think this is a really fantastic summary. Thanks for this!
"People don't know how to become enchanted with the metaphysical world again, even though they want to" 26:00 That line was 🔥🔥
This needs to be animated. Really good summary. I would disagree with the final conclusion and say that the way out of the postmodern quandary is to _experience_ the divine, not just choosing to _believe_ in it. Belief is not strong enough to rescue the divine by itself. So we need a method to experience the divine. Meditation would be my preferred choice.
Thank you man for helping me pass my philosophy final. Even though I study linguistics and don't really need the subject I still enjoyed the video
Kant would be good electrical engineering professor. The math works, just don't think about it too much.
This is one of most cohesive overviews of philosophy i've ever heard. So damn good, thank you.
I think the tittle is more clickbait then anything else to be fair... but I do appreciate your effort on making this well explained introduction about modern philosophy :)
You lost me at the doctrine of revelation being the best place to start. That would entail a suspension of logic because you have to presuppose the truth of the revelation to accept that it has any merit. It also presupposes that Christianity is true without demonstrating the falsity of (eliminating) all other revelations outside of Christianity. We cannot begin with begging the question because this leads to Christian Dominionism which violates the judicious acknowledgment of individual identity and thought.
The terrifying notion of all of humanity marching to the tune of Christianity (or any dogmatic religion) is something we should be working to avoid.
It is the rejection of tribalism we should push towards and it’s strange there was no mention of it or it’s effects on society here.
One way to view this summary, is by comparing the outworking of two views in reality, Christianity versus Marxism, or presocratic metaphysics(there is a God, or at least a transcendant reality we can contact with) versus post modern subjectivism(Man=God, Man is the creator, he must recreate the garden of eden and bring prefect equity). Well,one must add one more ingredient before comparing, and that is human nature. I want to posit, no matter the ideology and world view, Man's instantiation of it will fall far short of realizing any positive effects. In other words, which worldview mitigates man's propensity to selfishness and violence, or man's desire to play God and accrue power over others. I think with this concept in the background, it must be clear, based on both the ideas foundational to each worldview(Christianity--God is real, Man should submit and be humble and learn from Him) versus Marxist ideology(there is no God, Man created Him, and should realize this, and then take on the project of being God himself, and creating perfection by enforcing all men to behave so that perfect freedom is achieved)...and based on the reality of the human condition under each worldview(Soviet Russia, Communist China, etc., etc.) versus the western democracies, I think its clear which allows for less human pain and suffering, and which is more prone to a tribalism eventuating. In other words, the whole world marching to the tune of Christianity, is not terrifying, but the whole world marching to the tune of a subjective worldview like Marxism, etc....even from recent history, is absolutely terrifying!
@@francishuxley5928 To be fair, all of that could be boiled down to an argument between Fearful Ignorance and Arrogant Hubris.
Why not drop both, eliminate the concept of a God, accept that we are living creatures on a planet, we need to work together for the survival of the species, collect knowledge about our environment, and make it a priority.
Reject the notion that one just be fearfully submissive to anything transcendent, reject the notion that the concept of becoming a god is something attainable, and just govern ourselves as one species with respect and humility in the face of the universe.
24:40 When you're generalizing about postmodernism, it seems to be quite dangerous as for example, Deleuze was not at all a radical relativist like you are insinuating. What you are referring may be more so attributable to more of the Derridian and Foucaultian notion of the 'plurality of meaning of linguistic constructions; and 'the power associated with the ability to define particular linguistic constructions' (and enforce these meanings in a social context), with the most basic of such linguistic constructions, being merely simple words used day to day.
I’m a grad student and I found this absolutely brilliant. Thank you.
What a nice video!!! Keep on going!!! This is such a nice synopsis of the history of philosophy!!!
A transcript of this would be wonderful....
A fine lecture, and a superb analysis, up to the point where you arbitrarily declared that the only alternative to an unethical life was to believe in the Easter Bunny. Sorry, I'll be reaching for a different book. This is Anselm in a costume.
This video is perfect and well put together its really help me unify my Civilization Scale.
You are a very charismatic speaker. I like seeing your hands (to) emphasize your point(s).
this is fantastic, thank you so much!
Maybe I'm mistaken , but I feel less like an idiot after watching this video. This gentleman is one fast talker. Would like to see him and Ben Shapiro have a chit chat.
I played it on 0.75 speed 😁
@@amacnaughton85 After watching Vanderklay's video and reviewing this one I realize my comment was mistaken. This fast - food rendition of philosophy promotes philosophical idiotification, esp regarding Hegel. My Geist!
Bent Sharpie is an idiot who couldn't even understand Dr. Maxwell much less offer anything constructive in a conversation with him.
@Monotone Marc - the only reason people study law for more than 3 years is they are losers who no one would hire as an attorney. I don't care if he COULD sustain a scholarly or even halfway intelligent conversation, I care that he DOESN'T. In fact, if we accept your claims to his bona fides for the sake of argument, that makes the shit that drivels from his mouth in public even worse, because he SHOULD know better.
hostnik You’re clueless.
This is great video, and very great and accessible account of the history of philosophy. I think you are making a slight mistake regarding Plato's Greek word for the forms. While morphe does address shape, but in the Greek of Plato that I struggle with is edios, not morphe. Other than that this was great.
The only other issue is the account of post modernity. You seem to ignore Nietzsche/Heidegger branch of it contra the Levanas/Buber branch.
Incredible. Blown away that it was a single cut.
Excellent. You explained the whole complex world of philosophy in a simple way... But cannot agree with you to your conclusion...Wow.. Congratulation..
Concluding with a leap of faith?
wow what a journey this video was, thank you!
Switched to .75 speed after about 7-8 minutes in. Sounds a little drunk, especially with how expressive he is haha. Great video and thanks for creating content for us!
Man you put more hope in people's desire to learn than most! Pple outside of the comments chkd out after 5min and not cuz it was bad.. eyes crossed,hearing dulled.. = ]]
A brilliant summary exposition, although some important elements are not discussed as well some important criticisms. Such a short lecture of course cannot include many things. The one thing that I miss is the concept of objective knowledge as valid interpretation of sensory experience.
You are a very wise man my friend.
Goals, memory, and observation together lend all perception.
hes speaking so clearly that the auto generator COMPLETELY understands what hes saying with little to no mistake
But why should we try to accept things that can not be proven? Just because it 'makes us feel nice', or instills some sort of romanticism doesn't mean we should bend over backwards to justify it. Especially that bit about revelation and god. I figured you'd have come to admire rationality when learning philosophy.
You are a pro at it. I have come to like you more. Post me more of your work
it sounds like he's speaking at 1.25X speed. i lowered it to .75X speed and then it sounds normal. at the default speed it's like listening to a giant run-on sentence. if i want to actually absorb the information then i'd play it at half speed. in person i would need to record what he says and listed to it later to have any idea what he's saying lol.
Hegel's delusion was thinking that the ultimate state can be arrived at by reason, which if true, would have already been arrived at long before Hegel ever came along
Kant rightfully discerned that reason is limited
Vsauce is so handsome on this video.
This was awesome!! Can you make more videos on Philosophy and religion? Also, I didn’t really understand the Hume getting from is to ought bit… would really love some more detailed videos 👍👍👍
Excellent enthusiasm and explanation. I was captivated and learned a lot
Because I am lazy fuck, I have to lern a whole history of philosophy in short period of time. As a none english speaker, I had to translate some words, nevertheless it was really helpful. Thanks dude!
I am an idiot, but I have a terrible memory. Am I still an idiot?
"Jesus Smuggling" at the end of an otherwise informative and seemingly academic delivery. The title made more sense considering the final questions posed by the creator of this vid.
You had me through the whole video, until the word "revelation".
Pure gold. I did a text version for myself
Excellent overview. Great job!
According to the philosophical
school of Madonnics,
I am a material man and
Im in a material world.
Wow, I didn't see that Christianity pitch coming at the end. Super smooth talker. Good video though!
Great summary of western philosophy. I've never watched one of your videos, and was a bit surprised by your pivot to theism toward the end, however.
At 25:00 you talk about how it was Kant's break between the noumenal and phenomenal that led to subjectivity and disenfranchisement of the Jews. But I don't understand... surely there was subjectivity, disenfranchisement, and atrocities to human dignity in the pre-modernist world too? I mean, there's hardly a shortage of genocides committed by ancient state and religious leaders.
So no, I don't agree that it was modernism and the enlightenment that made people blind to the foundations of ethics. Earlier attempts at defining metaphysical foundations were always blind & subjective, as the thousands of priests of different gods throughout history should demonstrate.
I'm not saying I have the answer, but I'm pretty sure we need an approach other than looking for the will of god or some other metaphysical absolute. Basing our ethics in shared human values seems a far better place to start. Cheers!
I’m impressed. Finally understand Kant and Hegel. I think...
"trust the sausage maker" sounds vaguely familiar
Everyone on Earth should watch this.
Brilliant! Thank you.
I wanna know more about that philosopher Play-Dough. He seems like an interesting guy!
Yes. I’ve been listening to something called ‘PlayDoh and the Virgins’ recently.
Masterclass dude, ty!
Great Paul. Do you have a transcription of this... I would like to have it to make Spanish subtitles for the video.