Gems and Mineral mines in pakistan ||Gilgit Baltistan ||Bulichi mines
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 ก.ย. 2024
- Gemstone and mineral mining
in Pakistan’s mountains
InColor cover image
A reprint from InColor
by Jim Clanin, geologist and gem mining expert
One important aspect of ICA’s engagement in the area of Social Responsibility is its ability to facilitate expert assistance and consulting services through its international network of professional members involved in mining, processing, education, marketing and distribution. In this respect, the government of Pakistan has launched an initiative for the development of the gem and jewelry sector funded by the US Agency for International Development, USAID. Jean Claude Michelou, ICA’s former vice president and current chairman of the Social Responsibility Committee and director of communication, prepared a wide-ranging development plan. He invited geologist and gem mining expert Jim Clanin to join the program and assess the gemstone mining situation in northern Pakistan as well as making recommendations for the improvement of working conditions and mining techniques regarding high-altitude gem deposits.
The following article is an excerpt from Clanin’s report and recommendations that followed his visit to the area in the summer 2007 which relate to human conditions and environmental issues. They were complemented by the design of a curriculum for sustainable training of miners and local engineers for the reinforcement of the foundation of the value chain of supply within the gemstone sector.
The article:
I went on a reconnaissance trip in July 2007 to evaluate the various gemstone mining areas in the Federally Administrated Northern Areas of Pakistan. The trip was limited to the Gilgit, Skardu and Astore districts due to time and security. Gemstones and minerals have been produced in this mountainous region of Pakistan for nearly 40 years. Mountainous regions are geologically active areas that expose a greater amount of rock outcrops and give prospectors an advantage in locating gem and mineral deposits. They also give rise to numerous logistical problems, some of which are extreme.
Major Gemstone Occurrences of Pakistan map image
The Himalayas are the youngest mountain range in the world, and their pegmatites, which contain a variety of gemstones, are only a few million years old. This region has the greatest vertical differences found anywhere in the world as well as the world’s seven highest peaks. At Nanga Parbat, in Astore, the mountain peak is more than 20,000 feet above the valley floor. Tourmaline, aquamarine, topaz, garnet and apatite come from granitic pegmatite deposits, while emeralds, rubies and sapphires come from metamorphic and hydrothermal deposits that tend to be regional and cover a larger area.
Gem Mining Platform in Pakistan photo image
A high-altitude gem-mining platform in Pakistan. (Photo: Vince Pardieu, ICA/ fieldgemology.org)
Prospecting in a region with near vertical cliffs that rise 3,000 to 4,000 feet or higher is a nightmare. Mining a deposit in an environment like this is even worse. At such elevations, pockets are practically always frozen, internal combustion engines do not operate, the air pressure is too low for pneumatic equipment, and the mining season is generally very short.
The granitic pegmatites of these areas produce a vast assortment of gem minerals, but it is difficult, if not impossible, to predict in advance what their production will be like. Even though the mineralogy might dictate the presence of colored tourmaline pockets, for example, the quality of the contents may be worthless. Most gem mines are operated by hobbyists or worked by small groups of artisanal miners using the most basic methods mainly in remote places. In many locations, everything must be carried up either on horseback (or donkey) or by the miners themselves.
Miners Camp Overlooking Hunza Valley photo image
Miners camp at Chumar Bakhoor overlooking Hunza valley. (Photo: Jim Clanin)
Before we attempted to visit any mine workings we met with groups or associations of miners. We explained our mission to the people of each area and were usually given a guide to take us to mine sites. We had almost no problems gaining the trust of the miners, and were able to visit many different workings. We had to turn down some mines due to their inaccessibility or dangerous conditions.
The mining season in the areas we visited depended on the altitude of the deposits. In some areas the work window is from June to September or October, and in others it might be from July to October. Some miners work the higher elevations in the summer and then move to the lower elevations during the winter, so they can mine year-round.
Rubies of the Hunza valley
The ruby-bearing host rocks in Pakistan are part of the Baltit group sequence and are contained in the Karakorum metamorphic belt north of the main Karakorum thrust. This meta-sedimentary unit can be traced from the Afghanistan border to the Indian border.
القرآن - سورۃ نمبر 10 يونس
آیت نمبر 10
أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ
بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ
دَعۡوٰٮهُمۡ فِيۡهَا سُبۡحٰنَكَ اللّٰهُمَّ وَ تَحِيَّـتُهُمۡ فِيۡهَا سَلٰمٌۚ وَاٰخِرُ دَعۡوٰٮهُمۡ اَنِ الۡحَمۡدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ الۡعٰلَمِيۡنَ ۞
لفظی ترجمہ:
دَعْوٰىھُمْ : ان کی دعا | فِيْهَا : اس میں | سُبْحٰنَكَ : پاک ہے تو | اللّٰهُمَّ : اے اللہ | وَتَحِيَّتُھُمْ : اور ملاقات کے وقت کی دعا | فِيْهَا : اس میں | سَلٰمٌ: سلام | وَاٰخِرُ : اور خاتمہ | دَعْوٰىھُمْ : ان کی دعا | اَنِ : کہ | الْحَمْدُ : تمام تعریفیں | لِلّٰهِ : اللہ کے لیے | رَبِّ : رب | الْعٰلَمِيْنَ : سارے جہان
ترجمہ:
وہاں ان کی صدا یہ ہوگی کہ “پاک ہے تو اے خدا، " اُن کی دعا یہ ہوگی کہ “سلامتی ہو " اور ان کی ہر بات کا خاتمہ اس پر ہوگا کہ “ساری تعریف اللہ رب العالمین ہی کے لیے ہے "
Mashalla bahi
Nice 🙂👍❤
Pakistan will become a billionaire if they work very hard in this site ☝️
mujhe natural Opel stone chaye
MashAllah.... Sir ma bhi geology k student hoon gilgit mai internship kahan kar skta hoon any suggestions.
Theak ha ma information la k ap ko Bol du ga
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Assalam o alaikum bhai kese hn??? Bat kr skte hn??
As Salam bhie zaberdast mien bhi ana chahta hun
Thanks
Most will come
Raja sb apna nombr sms k dy
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Hahahahahahah
Big fan from lahore ❤
Mashallah salwat say dil ko thandak pohncha Allah asani farmaye
Ammin
Your channel is very informative