Double and Triple Bonds
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 ก.ย. 2024
- This video shows chemical bonds inside human body respiration & breathing. Oxygen atoms can form double bonds, and nitrogen atoms can form triple bonds to make diatomic gaseous molecules. But carbon atoms can't form a quadruple bonds, instead bonding to make a network solid.
The role of O2, N2 and CO2 in breathing and respiration is explored, and more complex molecules are introduced.
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About Atomic School:
Atomic School supports the teaching of Atomic Theory to primary school & science students .
We provide lesson plans, hands-on classroom resources, demonstration equipment, quizzes and a Teacher's Manual to primary school teachers. Animated videos that clearly explain the scientific ideas supports learning by both teachers and students. As a teacher, you don't have to look anywhere else to implement this program.
Our work has been verified by science education researchers at the University of Southern Queensland, Dr Jenny Donovan and Dr Carole Haeusler, who confirm that primary students are capable of learning much more complex scientific concepts than previously thought, and crucially, that they love it. Students run to class!
The program has been trialed in Australian schools as well as schools in the Philippines, Iran and India. It is conducted as holiday workshops at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, the Queensland Museum as well as the World Science Festival.
It has attracted wide media interest, including TV, radio and print, and the research data has been presented at prestigious American Education Research Association and Australian Science Education Research Association conferences.
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About Ian Stuart (Email: ian.douglas.stuart@gmail.com):
The founder of Atomic School, Ian Stuart, taught Chemistry and Physics for 25 years at senior levels before he realized that his 8-year old son, Tom, could understand Atomic Theory at a much deeper level than he expected. After visiting Tom's class at school, he discovered that his peers could also grasp the abstract scientific concepts, as well as apply it usefully to the real world.
Ian then developed a program to teach the advanced concepts of high school Chemistry, Physics and Biology to students 10 years younger than they normally would. He found that this engaged their interest in modern science early, and sustained it through to high school and beyond. It also sets them up for future success in their academic and career paths.
Ian has a Bachelor's Degree in Chemistry from the University of Queensland and a Master's degree in Electrochemistry from the University of Melbourne.
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Video transcript:
The thought experiments from our last video showed that hydrogen atoms can make only one bond, oxygen atoms can make 2, nitrogen three and carbon 4 bonds with other atoms. This number of bonds that an atom can make is called its valency. Hydrogen has a valency of 1, oxygen 2, nitrogen 3 and carbon 4.
In our next thought experiment, we'll put lots of oxygen atoms in a box. But no hydrogen atoms this time. Like hydrogen, oxygen atoms stick together in pairs. 3.1 When another oxygen atom hits this pair, it doesn’t stick.
HC? How come? Don’t oxygen atoms like to bond to two other atoms? If it bond with hydrogen, which has only one bond, it will need two of them, and the new molecule will be H2O, water. But when it bonds with another oxygen, it has one bond left over. The other oxygen does too. If hydrogen atoms were available they could join with these bonds to make a complete molecule. But if there aren't any spare hydrogen atoms floating about, can you see another solution?
The oxygens can bond to each other a second time. The 2 oxygens then form a double bond between them. Now both oxygen atoms are using both of their bonds, and are satisfying their valency of 2. The stick diagram for this molecule shows the 2 oxygen atoms joined by the double bond. The chemical formula for this molecule is O2. The 2 is showing us that there are 2 oxygen atoms in the molecule, not that there are 2 bonds between the atoms. That's just a coincidence.
Oxygen is a colourless gas, and about 20% of the air is made of O2 molecules. When we breathe in, our bodies can absorb them into our blood steam and keep us alive.
My name is Eden S. Williams. I am almost 8 years old (on 15th May I will be 8). Me, Mum and Dad love your videos and we're learning so much! I am obsessed in the Periodic Table, that I even drew it on graph paper! My mum even bought a book showing the Periodic Table! Just remember, I love the Periodic Table!
By all standards your videos are down to earth for both kids and adults to understand. Thanks and more grease to your elbows
I really appreciate all of your hard work and effort, thank you so much for this valuable knowledge.
Hi there. Nice informative animation. At the risk of coming across as a perfectionist, I would like to point out that there's minor but crucial error at 12:30. The glycine formula and the ball and stick model are missing two hydrogens.
P.S.2 I know all the names of the "Unknown" elements! (Ununoctium, etc.) Thank you for dedicating the video as my birthday present! My mum and Dad are very proud and they thank you for taking the time to reply to me! I especially love the video "The Alphabet of the Universe" because I love the alphabet!
very awesome information video.. thanks.
Everything was amazing! Just one thing, at the end you show C2NO2H3, and label "glycine". Glycine is actually C2H5NO2, you just forgot the two hydrogens in the middle of the structure. But besides that, awesome video Ian.
Andrew Jauregui Good catch. With all the stuff Ian Stuart has presented one tiny error is not the end of the world. Just for the record, C2H3NO2 is nitroethene (at least that is what my search turned up, not that I'm the expert).
I like your channel - great fun for science nerds like me. :-D
However, you made an error at 7:14 when saying that CO2 makes up nearly 0.5% of the total atmospheric compostion. That would mean that there's 5,000 PPM of CO2 in the atmosphere, but there's only about 410 PPM - which means that CO2 makes up circa 0.041% of the total atmospheric composition.
Having said that, I have a rather long question regarding CO2 and its supposed contribution to global warming:
The total atmospheric content of CO2 has only increased by 80 PPM the last 47 years (from 330 PPM in 1970 to 410 PPM today) which means that today's entire atmospheric composition consists of only 0.008% more CO2 than in 1970. I know that the CO2 content itself has increased by almost 25%, but when you compare it to the total atmospheric composition, it's only an 80/1,000,000 increase (80 PPM out of 1,000,000 PPM).
How can that make such huge temperature changes as it's being claimed? - If life is so fragile that it can be rocked to its foundations by a mere increase of 0.008% of CO2 in the entire atmospheric compostion, then wouldn't that make advanced life more or less impossible, considering that the CO2 level in the past has been as high as 7,000 PPM?
Furthermore, doesn't heat radiate into space, which theoretically makes CO2 obsolete in regards to insulating the heat? - A good example could for instance be clear winter nights where it's always much colder than on overcast winter nights.
The clouds are so thick that they can actually work as an insulator and thereby limit the heat radiation into space. However, even though clouds are usually millions of times thicker than the almost non-existent layer of CO2, and H2O gas moreover is, as far as my knowledge goes, at least just as stable as C02, clouds still let through a lot of heat that vanishes into space, which is easily observable by measuring the temperature right before sunset and again right before sunrise on two equally cloudy days, where it will obviously always be colder just before sunrise, given that no warmer/colder weather system interferes with the temperature.
I'm not denying that CO2 could play a big role in global warming, cause I'm not an expert by any means. I just fail to see how such a tiny increase of CO2 in the total atmospheric composiiton can have such a huge impact on the temperature? - Please enlighten me if you can, and correct me if I'm wrong.
Best regards.
what happens to the orbiting electrons when this bonding occurs?
P. S. You make the best videos!
very good but all of your video are being mixed so i feel little difficult to take all video some time few are missing example chemical equation part c (4.4)
i leaned many things so my ambition is to became an scientist in chemistry
i am studying 9th std i wish you see my commend
Thanks for uploading this. Very helpful to me :)
Btw why can't 3 oxygen atoms bond, i have seen references to o3, just a bit confused
Excellent and extraordinary video as all that I have seen so far created by this great master professor. Thanks so much Ian Stuart for teaching me and for you passion for knowledge! I can't wait to see which video is next! Julián Gómez Giraldo.
I have a question? What would be the lewis structure on HNO3? according to the internet and my chemistry book, N bonds with O with double bonds but also with another oxygen in a single bond. How can Oxygen bond with just a single bond?
Beautifully animated and explained. Thanks! Can't wait to go to the next one now :-)
thanku Sir for this vidio
Thanks Ian, you are an awesome teacher!
awesome teaching, please don't make mistakes. I wish more videos, please make videos on DNA, Cells of molecular biology. you are a great master.
You are a genious introducer!
how about carbon 2 hygrogan and 1 oxygen
YES! Finally it makes sense!!!
good job
do these bonds occur automatically when atoms are exposed to each other?
thank you.. its very very useful
Very useful for my Chemistry exam
lots of thoughts and conclusions are coming into my mind..thanx....respiration presentation is awsome..where is the 3.3 series..thnx again
omg !!! i m studing science tecknology now & i had to know these bases
& now everything makes sense thanks to you
thank you thank you a lot