intro what is Anthropology? 7:04 Divisions in Anthro 8:11 1.1 Meaning, Scope and development of Anthropology 9:23 1.2 Relationships with other disciplines : Social Sciences, Behavioral Sciences, Life Sciences, Medical Sciences, Earth Sciences and Humanities. 15:22 1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance 17:44 1.4 Human evolution and emergence of man: 19:29 a. Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution. b. Theories of Organic Evolution (The-Darwinian, and Post- Darwinian). 20:52 c. Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionary biology (Doll's rule, Cope's rule, Gause's rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, and mosaic evolution) 22:09 1.5 Characteristics of Primates; evolutionary trend and primate taxonomy; 24:27 primate adaptations; 25:51 [arboreal and terrestrial] primate taxonomy; primate behavior; 26:38 tertiary and quaternary fossil primates; living a major primates; 27:16 comparative anatomy of man and apes: Skeletal changes due to erect posture and its implications. 29:44 1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of the following : 31:19 (a) Plio-preleistocene hominids in South and East Africa-Australopithecines. (b) Homo erectus : Africa (Paranthropus), Europe (Homo erectus (heidelbergensis), Asia (Homo erectus javanicus. Homo erectus pekinensis. (c) Neanderthal man-La-chapelle-aux-saints (Classical type), Mt. Carmel (Progressive type). (d) Rhodesian man. (e) Homo saoiens-Cromagnon, Grimaldi and Chancelede. 1.7 The biological basis of Life : The Cell, DNA structure and replication, Protein Synthesis, Gene, Mutation, Chromosomes, and Cell Division. 35:51 1.8 (a) Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology. Chronology : Relative and Absolute Dating methods. 36:32 (b) Cultural Evolution-Broad Outlines of Prehistoric cultures : 38:41 Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic Chalcolithic Copper-Bronze Age Iron Age 2.1 The Nature of Culture : 42:29/40:14 The concept and Characteristics of culture and civilization; Ethnocentrism vis-a-vis cultural Relativism[44:46]. 2.2 The Nature of Society : Concept of Society; Society and Culture; Social Institution; Social groups; and Social stratification. 2.3 Marriage: 51:46 Definition and universality; Laws of marriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy, hypogamy, incest taboo); Types of marriage 52:30 (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group marriage). Functions of marriage; Marriage regulations (preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive); Marriage payments (bride wealth and dowry). 2.4 Family: Definition and universality; Family, household and domestic groups; functions of family; Types of family (from the perspectives of structure, blood relation, marriage, residence and succession); 2.5 Kinship: Consanguinity and Affinity; Principles and types of descent (Unilineal, Double, Bilateral, Ambilineal); Forms of descent groups (lineage, clan, phratry, moiety, and kindred); Kinship terminology (descriptive and classificatory); Descent, Filiation and Complimentary Filiation; Descent and Alliance. Impact of urbanization, industrialization, and feminist movements on family. 3. Economic organization: Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anthropology; Formalist and Substantivist debate; Principles governing production, distribution and exchange (reciprocity, redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on hunting and gathering, fishing, swiddening, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture; globalization and indigenous economic systems. 4. Political organization and Social Control: Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state; concepts of power, authority and legitimacy; social control, law, and justice in simple societies 5. Religion: 58:39 Anthropological approaches to the study of religion (evolutionary, psychological and functional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred and profane; myths and rituals; forms of religion in tribal and peasant societies (animism, animatism, fetishism, naturism and totemism); religion, magic and science distinguished; [1:01:11] magico- religious functionaries [1:02:06] (priest, shaman, medicine man, sorcerer and witch). 6. Anthropological theories [1:03:23] Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan and Frazer) Historical particularism (Boas); Diffusionism (British, German and American) Functionalism [1:06:04] (Malinowski); Structural- functionalism (Radcliffe- Brown) Structuralism (L'evi - Strauss and E. Leach) Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton, Kardiner and Cora - du Bois). Neo - evolutionism (Childe, White, Steward, Sahlins and Service) Cultural materialism (Harris) Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, Schneider and Geertz) Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin) Postmodernism in anthropology 7. Culture, Language and Communication : 1:07:45 Nature, origin and characteristics of language; verbal and non-verbal communication; social context of language use. 8. Research methods in Anthropology 1:08:23 • Fieldwork tradition in anthropology • The distinction between technique, method and methodology • Tools of data collection: observation, interview, schedules, questionnaire, Case study, genealogy, life-history, oral history, secondary sources of information, participatory methods. • Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. 9.1 Human Genetics : Methods and Application 1:11:20 Methods for study of genetic principles in man-family study (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal and karyo-type analysis), biochemical methods, immunological methods, D.N.A. technology and recombinant technologies. 9.2 Mendelian genetics in man-family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal and polygenic inheritance in man. 9.3 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection, Mendelian population, Hardy-Weinberg law; causes and changes which bring down frequency-mutation, isolation, migration, selection, inbreeding and genetic drift. Consanguineous and non-consanguineous mating, genetic load, genetic effect of consanguineous and cousin marriages. 9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology. • Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders). • Sex chromosomal aberrations - Klinefelter (XXY), Turner (XO), Super female (XXX), intersex and other syndromic disorders. • Autosomal aberrations - Down syndrome, Patau, Edward and Cri-du-chat syndromes. • Genetic imprints in human disease, genetic screening, genetic counselling, human DNA profiling, gene mapping and genome study. 9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of morphological variation of non-metric and characters. Racial criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basis of racial classification, racial differentiation and race crossing in man. 9.6 Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker : ABC), Rh blood groups, HLA Hp, transferring, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics-Hb level, body fat, pulse rate, respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socio- economic groups. 9.7 Concepts and methods : Bio-cultural Adaptations-Genetic and Non-genetic factors. Man's physiological responses to environmental stresses: hot desert, cold, high altitude climate. 9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology : Health and disease. Infectious and non-infectious diseases, Nutritional deficiency related diseases. 10. Concept of human growth and Development [1:14:37] : Stages of growth-pre-natal, natal, infant, childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence. -Factors affecting growth and development genetic, environmental, biochemical, nutritional, cultural and socio-economic. -Ageing and senescence. Theories and observations -Biological and chronological longevity. Human physique and somatotypes. Methodologies for growth studies. 11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bioevents to fertility. Fertility patterns and differentials. 11.2 Demographic theories-biological, social and cultural. 11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality and mortality. 12. Applications of Anthropology [1:15:50/1:18:20]] : Anthropology of sports, Nutritional anthropology, Anthropology in designing of defence and other equipments[1:20:04], Forensic Anthropology, Methods and principles of personal identification and reconstruction, Applied human genetics-Paternity diagnosis, genetic counselling and eugenics, DNA technology in diseases and medicine, serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive biology.
What is austelopithasis(south and apes) 1.Basic (who found this------) 2.Time period 3.culture( food habits,and cloth they wear) 4.characterstatics(1 to 10) 5.draw diagram from IGNOU material # characteristics of culture ? Ans--- 1.characteristics of culture are------- (I)-------------- (ii)----------------
Thanks mam...aapne saara acche se bataya....it has boosted my confidence. ..best strategy...u must me a good administrator it reflects frm ur personality......
in my school days i read all subject in hindi after 10th i took science so i start all subject in english .now i have done my bsc ,but i am not comfort with english & want took anthropology as my optional its science subject & i want to write it in english but other subject like history geo , eco,polity in hindi then what i can do ?
Miss/mam .I was also in same dilemma..I searched everywhere also on telgu board ...but now I think it is some coaching with name telgu acedamy ..which notes are available online...in real Google bramha Google Vishnu Google Devo maheswra........good day😊
please,someone reply kya anthropology as a optional hm without coaching nhi kr Skte h kya? mere pass itne pse nh h k m coaching l skun ar basic books kaun si h? kya ignou material sufficient h?
![ปฏิเสธไม่ไหว (Crush on you) - LIPTA feat. No One Else [Official MV]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/NBw1jF342vw/mqdefault.jpg)
![เปิดบ้าน นาราเครปกระเทย 1 ไร่ ขายขาดทุนหลัก10ล้าน เอามาใช้หนี้!!! l [Nickynachat]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/0jz84VFWVP4/mqdefault.jpg)
intro
what is Anthropology? 7:04
Divisions in Anthro 8:11
1.1 Meaning, Scope and development of Anthropology 9:23
1.2 Relationships with other disciplines :
Social Sciences, Behavioral Sciences, Life Sciences, Medical Sciences, Earth Sciences and Humanities. 15:22
1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance 17:44
1.4 Human evolution and emergence of man: 19:29
a. Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution.
b. Theories of Organic Evolution (The-Darwinian, and Post- Darwinian). 20:52
c. Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionary biology (Doll's rule, Cope's rule, Gause's rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, and mosaic evolution) 22:09
1.5 Characteristics of Primates; evolutionary trend and primate taxonomy; 24:27
primate adaptations; 25:51 [arboreal and terrestrial] primate taxonomy; primate behavior; 26:38 tertiary and quaternary fossil primates;
living a major primates; 27:16 comparative anatomy of man and apes: Skeletal changes due to erect posture and its implications. 29:44
1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and
geographical distribution of the following : 31:19
(a) Plio-preleistocene hominids in South and East
Africa-Australopithecines.
(b) Homo erectus : Africa (Paranthropus), Europe
(Homo erectus (heidelbergensis), Asia (Homo erectus javanicus. Homo erectus pekinensis.
(c) Neanderthal man-La-chapelle-aux-saints
(Classical type), Mt. Carmel (Progressive type).
(d) Rhodesian man.
(e) Homo saoiens-Cromagnon, Grimaldi and
Chancelede.
1.7 The biological basis of Life : The Cell, DNA structure
and replication, Protein Synthesis, Gene, Mutation, Chromosomes, and Cell Division. 35:51
1.8 (a) Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology.
Chronology : Relative and Absolute Dating methods. 36:32
(b) Cultural Evolution-Broad Outlines of
Prehistoric cultures : 38:41
Paleolithic
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Chalcolithic
Copper-Bronze Age
Iron Age
2.1 The Nature of Culture : 42:29/40:14 The concept and Characteristics of culture and civilization; Ethnocentrism vis-a-vis cultural Relativism[44:46].
2.2 The Nature of Society : Concept of Society; Society
and Culture; Social Institution; Social groups; and Social stratification.
2.3 Marriage: 51:46
Definition and universality;
Laws of marriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy, hypogamy, incest taboo);
Types of marriage 52:30 (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group marriage).
Functions of marriage;
Marriage regulations (preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive);
Marriage payments (bride wealth and dowry).
2.4 Family:
Definition and universality;
Family, household and domestic groups;
functions of family;
Types of family (from the perspectives of structure, blood relation, marriage, residence and succession);
2.5 Kinship:
Consanguinity and Affinity;
Principles and types of descent (Unilineal, Double, Bilateral, Ambilineal); Forms of descent groups (lineage, clan, phratry, moiety, and kindred);
Kinship terminology (descriptive and classificatory);
Descent, Filiation and Complimentary Filiation;
Descent and Alliance.
Impact of urbanization, industrialization, and feminist movements on family.
3. Economic organization:
Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anthropology;
Formalist and Substantivist debate;
Principles governing production, distribution and exchange (reciprocity, redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on hunting and gathering, fishing, swiddening, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture; globalization and indigenous economic systems.
4. Political organization and Social Control:
Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state;
concepts of power, authority and legitimacy;
social control, law, and justice in simple societies
5. Religion: 58:39
Anthropological approaches to the study of religion (evolutionary, psychological and functional); monotheism and polytheism;
sacred and profane; myths and rituals; forms of religion in tribal and peasant societies (animism, animatism, fetishism, naturism and totemism); religion, magic and science distinguished; [1:01:11]
magico- religious functionaries [1:02:06] (priest, shaman, medicine man, sorcerer and witch).
6. Anthropological theories [1:03:23]
Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan and Frazer)
Historical particularism (Boas); Diffusionism (British, German
and American)
Functionalism [1:06:04] (Malinowski); Structural- functionalism (Radcliffe-
Brown)
Structuralism (L'evi - Strauss and E. Leach)
Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton, Kardiner and
Cora - du Bois).
Neo - evolutionism (Childe, White, Steward, Sahlins and Service)
Cultural materialism (Harris)
Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, Schneider and Geertz)
Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin)
Postmodernism in anthropology
7. Culture, Language and Communication : 1:07:45
Nature, origin and characteristics of language; verbal
and non-verbal communication; social context of language use.
8. Research methods in Anthropology 1:08:23
• Fieldwork tradition in anthropology
• The distinction between technique, method and methodology
• Tools of data collection: observation, interview, schedules, questionnaire, Case study, genealogy, life-history, oral history, secondary sources of information, participatory methods.
• Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.
9.1 Human Genetics : Methods and Application 1:11:20
Methods for study of genetic principles in man-family study (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal and karyo-type analysis), biochemical methods, immunological methods, D.N.A. technology and recombinant technologies.
9.2 Mendelian genetics in man-family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal and polygenic inheritance in man.
9.3 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection,
Mendelian population, Hardy-Weinberg law; causes and changes which bring down frequency-mutation, isolation, migration, selection, inbreeding and genetic drift. Consanguineous and non-consanguineous
mating, genetic load, genetic effect of consanguineous
and cousin marriages.
9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man,
methodology.
• Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders).
• Sex chromosomal aberrations - Klinefelter (XXY), Turner (XO),
Super female (XXX), intersex and other syndromic disorders.
• Autosomal aberrations - Down syndrome, Patau, Edward and
Cri-du-chat syndromes.
• Genetic imprints in human disease, genetic screening, genetic
counselling, human DNA profiling, gene mapping and genome study.
9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of morphological
variation of non-metric and characters. Racial criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basis of racial classification, racial differentiation and race crossing in man.
9.6 Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker :
ABC), Rh blood groups, HLA Hp, transferring, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics-Hb level, body fat, pulse rate, respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socio-
economic groups.
9.7 Concepts and methods :
Bio-cultural Adaptations-Genetic and Non-genetic factors. Man's physiological responses to environmental stresses: hot desert, cold, high altitude climate.
9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology : Health and disease.
Infectious and non-infectious diseases, Nutritional deficiency related diseases.
10. Concept of human growth and Development [1:14:37] : Stages
of growth-pre-natal, natal, infant, childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence.
-Factors affecting growth and development genetic,
environmental, biochemical, nutritional, cultural and socio-economic.
-Ageing and senescence. Theories and
observations
-Biological and chronological longevity. Human physique and somatotypes. Methodologies for growth studies.
11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and
other bioevents to fertility. Fertility patterns and differentials.
11.2 Demographic theories-biological, social and cultural.
11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing
fecundity, fertility, natality and mortality.
12. Applications of Anthropology [1:15:50/1:18:20]] : Anthropology of
sports, Nutritional anthropology, Anthropology in designing of defence and other equipments[1:20:04], Forensic Anthropology, Methods and principles of personal identification and reconstruction, Applied human genetics-Paternity diagnosis, genetic counselling and eugenics, DNA technology in diseases and medicine, serogenetics and cytogenetics in
reproductive biology.
Thank you!
Thank you 😊
thanks
B
Thanks
What is austelopithasis(south and apes)
1.Basic (who found this------)
2.Time period
3.culture( food habits,and cloth they wear)
4.characterstatics(1 to 10)
5.draw diagram from IGNOU material
# characteristics of culture ?
Ans---
1.characteristics of culture are-------
(I)--------------
(ii)----------------
Best video on Anthro strategy I see so far. Thanks Ashima g
Kya hwa bhai
@@KungMikamitum btao apna
This is very useful and the description of detailing is *Extremely good* ...
U.
=ko
Loom I. Mikimji/i
. Kk
O
@@rajendiranramasammy7872 o
Beat strategy about anthropology Mam.... thanks Mam
it is best and realistic strategy. waiting for your notes mam
Extremely helpful.. Jajak Allah Khair(May Allah give you the reward).. Thank you very much..
Tui bujhila valo..na baujhila ar ki korbu..
such a great strategy...i have been watching your all talks mam..can you please upload your notes?
VASANTH BODDU did you get her notes from anywhere??
what is the name of the mam fot skeleton diagram she said at 32:29
where can I get notes copy of her please let me know
Sossin ma'am
@@simrannagpal1365 thank you...... where can I get..... I'm searching but not get
Congratulations !
Can we use colour pens for underlining and making diagrams?
nhh
Sir please bring air 2 2018 akhsant jain as well...moreover plz provide me the details of 2020 anthropology coaching programme...
bhai unacademy pr hai uska
@@upscbasicstoadvanced. yes any online source?
I am really thankful to L2A, Ashima Ma'am and my friend who told me about this video
Your entire thought process of anthology is amazing...
U r my fav topper ☺️
Sosin ma'am anthropology lecture of Vision Ias are best... I got it from telegram 😍
Pls share telegram channel
Is it worth watching ???
Telegram is the new age black market
@@focus1007 bkwass h vo
Theories 1:03:05
What are books and websites mentioned in the lecture?
I couldn't make out.
Thanks mam...aapne saara acche se bataya....it has boosted my confidence. ..best strategy...u must me a good administrator it reflects frm ur personality......
From where to get anthropology previous year question papers with model answers? Thank you 😊
Pdf available on xaaam.com
She's making it easier actually. ❤️
Do u know how to get her notes
Madam lot of thanks for providing guidance
Thank You Mam... This is a true guidance and meaningful talk ... Best wishes for all your future endeavours
Rrr11oushajaìì8w9o2ìopl1lammmMaķopa
Kk)'Ì€£)--¥₩₩₩$÷#=@₩-¥¥@#!!!₩
She really is a great teacher.
in my school days i read all subject in hindi after 10th i took science so i start all subject in english .now i have done my bsc ,but i am not comfort with english & want took anthropology as my optional its science subject & i want to write it in english but other subject like history geo , eco,polity in hindi then what i can do ?
Thank u so much mam for giving u r valued time
Why mostly civil services aspirants choosing anthropology as options madam
Gud
can we get these notes in hard form... amazing and mind blowing lectures
It will be appreciated if you upload you Anthro notes Ashima Mam ❤️ Please consider this request.
We AZ4
Can any one say is telegu akademy book available in the form of pdf..
Or it has to be bought
Hello is anthropology is helpful in other GS & essays
yasirmirza baig chup chutiye
Ravi Pandey aisa Na bole
Holistic study of humanbeing
in across time n space
Pls somebody provide her booklist for anthropology
What was the website name
48:00 Time stamp
@L2A, Kindly bring Akshat Jain,for anthropology strategy classes.,it will be a great help
If u want to study anthropology ........that too in a limited fee scale ......then contact me
Plz do give condensed booklist for anthropology optional
Which website she is talking about?? Pls if anyone can help
Thank you so much mam for your precious guidance.... it's very helpful session
Very thankful
Thank you Ma'am
plz share your notes mam
Mam kirti mam ka wo pdf google se dilete ho giyea haibsayed
Congratulations mam
धन्यवाद मैम
29:44 IGNOU diagram
maam please provide hard copy of notes...since it is impossible for me to go for coaching
Ye to AP sociology BTA rhi Han mam
Anthropological theories k liye kya source h
Just awesome👏✊👍👍
Frm where we get telugu academy book
Can anybody please give me the booklist. Im a newbie and cant afford coaching
People are saying that now UPSC will target ANTHROPOLOGY.
Mujhe bhi yahi lag raha hai
Target mtlb... Yeh subject hataya jaayega kya
@@shantanugautam8196 chutiye ..
thnnk u mam
hi madam good evening mam i have a doubt anthropology telugu books are there and can i write in a telugu medium
If i could then i would have liked the video number of times
Thank you so much mam
Mam are telegu academy books and notes the same?
Thank you so much
It's really helpful
mam, can you please share your notes?
Mains ke syllabus Kaise pura kare
best video
Ansc
logical. nicely explained.
where can I get toppers notes copy can anyone please
Do we have madam notes available?
Extreme in energy
PLS UPLOAD NOTES MAM
Please share paper 2 approach
Ashima ji please upload your notes
Plz plz plz reply how is this coaching institute for anthropoligy ?
How to get keerthi mam anthropology notes
What is the website discussed at 1:04:40
How to do a case study....can anybody suggest me?? Plzz
Pls Upload your notes madam,Kindly share mam notes if any one having
Where can i get her notes
can any one recommend a good teacher on u tube for anthro upsc
Madam anthropology ke liye kon sa book acha ho
Mam.. Plzz share ur note's
Great work
someone plz tell me where can i get the official syllabus of anthropology ???????????????????????????
Please check
Upsc mains detail syllabus
You get detail syllabus for all optional subjects including Anthropology
Best of luck 👍☺
Really good one
Very helpful
Plse share ur note mam.
Place of this coaching class ??
L2A
42:00
We want her booklist for anthropology
DKT me mil jayegi description me
You may find but won't be able to follow as she is a scholar in it also.
@@adwimishra273 pop
Mam sari batein chorein bs ye btaye anthropology health ko kasy effect krta
Very useful
..
Can someone please tell me what class telugu academy anthropology book ashima is talking about?
Miss/mam .I was also in same dilemma..I searched everywhere also on telgu board ...but now I think it is some coaching with name telgu acedamy ..which notes are available online...in real Google bramha Google Vishnu Google Devo maheswra........good day😊
Kerla board... Anthropology class 11 n 12
Did you manage to find that book yet??
All parts of telgu academy available on amazon.. You just typ telgu academy anthropology
11:10
14:18 development of anthro
Great
Can anybody share booklist for anthropology please.....
Can someone please help with where to find the Telugu Academy book that she mentioned at 20:40
Telegram
Ma'am please describe that can I draw tree type diagram in mains or only my home notes
Where from i can get notes of ashima mam or l2a classes plz anyone reply?
I have
@@Atul_Patil11 tell me how can i get
@@Atul_Patil11 tell me
@@Atul_Patil11 are bhai bol de agar nahi hai toh...aur agar hai to bata ki kaise lu
Agar tu pdf file sell karna chahta hai toh bol. I cant go to delhi
Thangs di
Qynt
Mam would you please provide your answer copy
th- 1.03.04
NRin
Iyel
Madam kindly upload your notes... Please madam
please,someone reply
kya anthropology as a optional hm without coaching nhi kr Skte h kya?
mere pass itne pse nh h k m coaching l skun
ar basic books kaun si h?
kya ignou material sufficient h?