🇸🇾 Syria: The Roots of Tyranny | Al Jazeera World
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 9 ต.ค. 2024
- Syria: The Roots Of Tyranny tells the story of Abdul Hamid al-Sarraj, a military intelligence chief who used fear and torture to turn 1950s Syria into a police state, a decade or so before the al-Assad regime rose to power.
When Syria gained independence from France in 1946, the country's institutions were based on those of its former protectorate. It had an elected parliament, multi-party politics, freedom of the press and the right to protest, according to Radwan Ziadeh, executive director of the Syrian Centre for Political and Strategic Studies.
"The 1950 constitution was one of the most advanced in the Arab world." There were three coups in 1949 but "the state's infrastructure, its democratic, pluralist and civil institutions didn't change," explains Ziadeh.
Al-Sarraj rose to prominence in the military in the mid-1950s, and was put in charge of a section of Syrian military intelligence, le Deuxieme Bureau, meaning the Second Office.
"The first challenge al-Sarraj faced … was when Adnan al-Maliki was assassinated [in 1955]," explains journalist Kamal al-Taweel, who interviewed al-Sarraj later in life.
When Colonel Adnan al-Maliki, the deputy chief of staff of the Syrian army, was killed by a member of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP), al-Sarraj swiftly rounded up SSNP members.
"The assassination of al-Maliki fuelled hatred and resentment between the Syrian nationalists and Baathists. This unleashed al-Sarraj on Syrian intelligence," says former Lebanese Interior Minister Sami el-Khatib.
The crackdown after al-Maliki's assassination consolidated al-Sarraj's relationship with the nationalist, populist and socialist Baath Party.
As its influence increased, so did the power of al-Sarraj and the Deuxieme Bureau. It closely monitored al-Sarraj's fellow army officers and put them under surveillance.
"Syria wasn't a bloody country, despite all the coups, there was no torture, killing or revenge," says Walid Elsaka, a former Syrian army officer.
"[Sarraj] used torture, police rule, killing and nail extraction to oppress the Syrian people and officers. Syria became a terror school."
Sarraj did not join any political party, but made sure he cooperated with whoever was in power. An ardent Arab nationalist, he actively supported Egyptian President Gamal Abdul Nasser's stand against Western colonialism and Israel, including the Suez War in 1956.
The United Arab Republic
When the formation of the United Arab Republic (UAR) between Egypt and Syria was declared in 1958, al-Sarraj was appointed interior minister of its northern province. Egypt was the republic's southern province.
But the new republic did not bode well for the future of democracy, civil liberties or freedom of expression in Syria.
Nasser dissolved all political parties and the multi-party system, and limited press outlets. "We entered a kind of a junta rule with a single party in charge," says Ziadeh.
Al-Sarraj became Nasser's main man in the Syrian province.
"In al-Sarraj, Nasser found a courageous personality, smart in strategic thinking. He gave him information about Syria and Syrian people," explains Elsaka.
"More importantly, he gave him information about Syrian army officers."
However, his ruthless policing made him deeply unpopular.
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Fall of Egypt led to rise of Saudi Arabia as power player in Arab world.....American intervention post 911 led to rise of Iran,during Saddam Hussein and Taliban rule the Iranians were squeezed and their influence was minimal
How is their influence minimal?
@@i.c.e.7555 Iranian influence was minimal compared to today...the vacuum created by toppling of Baath regime enabled iranian expansion to the arab world as they had land access to those nearby nations
@@Pandit.Kamshi oh right thought you were talking about today
Qatari channel talking about tyranny real irony
Tryants defending Assad's terrorism is disgracefull
@@Mohammadirfan-fu7vd no u
Qatar Is a constitutional monarchy, get a grip
RSS ruling india forever. Back to the cast system.
@@onyejiikechukwu6185 lol
THE QUEEN OF HEAVEN
The Blessed Virgin Mary
THE MOTHER OF GOD
Mater Dei
I believe the TaImuds story of Jesus
saudi arabia is much worse
Saudi Arabia is one of the main supporters of the ''Syrian Opposition'' you don't listen nobody of the saudi crimes in this side
True. Both Assad and Saudi are monstets
Sturmpionier03, that is completely irrelevant.
its both WORSE
saudi arabia aren't slaughtering and torturing hundreds of thousands of their own people under a dictatorship so i doubt it.
Really fascinating, I never knew how these Arab countries became police states.
USA the police of the World
answer is very simple - soviets made them
Syria isn't a police state..the west lies..I'm American and Assad is great! He's a great man and loves his people. I'm Syrian and Yemeni and Assad is a great human..dont let the lies take over ur heart he's not bad.
@@sarabrant723 I think Assad is Syria's Lincoln.
The US would instantly become one if civil war broke out...
Same story all over the world.
Exactly it's hilarious how much al-Jazeera tried to play up this al-Sarraj guy like he was some evil incarnate. At the time, Spain was a military dictatorship. Portugal was a military dictatorship. South Korea was a military dictatorship. Taiwan was a military dictatorship. Almost the entire Latin America and Africa were run by military dictatorships. Eastern Europe, Soviet Union, China, and North Korea were obviously communist dictatorships. The situation in Syria was not unique. It was the norm.
the intro... well... Fits to Saudi Arabia and Qatar
AND Libya ? USA out of the midle east
Syria has been fighting terrorists that hasn't been funded by Saudi Arabia and Qatar. I am Syrian and yemeni and I am american-born and it makes me sad to think that everybody has this horrible idea of Syria. Bashar al-assad is the best president in my opinion in the world. Just watch a couple okay then reviews and it doesn't take much to see me but kind of human Becky is. People think that he is some tyrannical dictator when he's not. It really makes me sad. Saudi Arabia wants oil because their oil is running out and he won't just hand it over to them. In 2017 the US conspired with Saudi Arabia has to let off chemical weapons in Syria I'm civilians and blame it on the president so that they could try to take him down. He's never faltered in his beliefs and he stood strong and now has won the war in Syria against the terrorists and Saudi Arabia and the US.
If Hamid Al Sarraj was a pro-western islamist whit double standard this video would be a tribute lol
+Free Though
I know, I'm just talking in a hypothetical case.
100% truth
100% propaganda
Lol the irony when these Saudi Gulf states are 10 times more oppressive and tyrannical,talking about others being tyrannical is a complete joke.
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE BACKGROUND MUSIC PLZ?
LONGLIVE SYRIAN SOCIAL NATIONALIST PARTY AND LONGLIVE ARAB SOCIALIST BAATH UNIT PARTY
Imagine if during the guy talking the cameraman just whales on him twice and says “I am sooo sorry but once you said you were a retired communist I socked you as hard as I could due to it being a Natural Reaction to hearing that” I would watch the show on repeat over and over again and again 😂
Would you watch what happened to that person again and again? Because they'd have been tortured unimaginable and killed.
@@makaylawilson2051 as a Syrian i wish i was aborted
Death is only solution
thank you daniel cold assassin
Al CIAeera ...the best agents of CIA & Saudis mafia ....
@Kaptain Kid not when it comes to Qatar tho
great REPORT!!!!
Same story all over the world but names of characters are different
Iran is the main reason for the situation of Syria iraq Libya...iran and MBS both are same
Yeah blame Iran for every conflict which US and allies started
You are an ignorant biased secterian islamic extremist
@@knowledgecity2685 none of these were started by the USA except Iraq round 2.
@@knowledgecity2685 lmao the US barely intervened...
I need to know how was the constitution of Syria? Was it Islamic democratic state or how?
There's no islam in syria
Propaganda channel
What do u do here then. They made money out of you
@@Jamal287but he is right. Al-Jazeera with its news and Arabic media was watched in all Arabic countries. They led with their presence to the so called "Arab Spring" that became "Arab Nightmare". Results are wars and divided countries and communities. Libya, Syria, Iraq, Jemen. But success was only in Egypt and Tunis. Because those two countries didn't started a war, and were more united as people.
The Syrian Arab Republic m u s t become involved in pursuing the c o r r e c t destiny of the country. That is, the project of the SSNP for expansion of the state’s truncated, shriveled, unnatural containment within ‘ borders ‘ drawn up by French and British colonialists. From Cyprus to the Euphrates, the Golan to Antioch, Gaza to Beirut, a Greater Syria within its traditional, ancient borders must be reborn.
Yeah? Where is SSNP now 🤣 almost nonexistent in Syria and voted out of office in Lebanon. Cry about it Matthew if there’s one thing that will never come back it’s SSNP
Step 1 click this video step 2 dislike step 3 exit this video.
Typical and contemptible. I predict your next response to me will be 'what about' to which I preemptively reply "don't care".
just like a typical brainwashed assadist.
Step 4 🖕🏻
32:32
the alawi regime has got to go
Still the Arab spring ??
7:03 /////////
That is how Arabs are governed. The alternative is Libya. It isn't much different in Israel. Tyranny is the property of that land. Jews would fare a lot better in Birobidzhan
More on birobidzhan pls
Al jazeera propaganda
why are you here then moron jeezes
Mason.islam.fez. ,ArabicOrderofTheMysticalShrine= mason.
Haha 1 religion? You see that 1 finger at 17,06?
So up so below, maconic finger.
Only
Jesus saves you.
aloha snackbarr!
Lol , jajajaja
the world needs to bring back colonialism
Haha no. Mistreatement from colonialism is what created all this and radical nationalism. No need for any more of it. No thanks.
What a dodo
Qatar the assassin of Syria