The Physicist Who Transformed Gas Theory
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 14 ต.ค. 2024
- Johannes van der Waals was a Dutch theoretical physicist who transformed gas theory by revamping the Ideal Gas Law into something that modeled gas behavior in a more realistic sense. The Van der Waals equation added variables accounting for volume of gas molecules and for intermolecular forces that attract molecules together. This change allowed gasses to be modeled much more accurately at extreme pressures and temperatures, which led to many interesting discoveries in the coming years.
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The most important contribution of the van der Waals equation is that it demonstrated that both liquid and gas have the same interactions. One of the key assumptions is the isotropic nature of interaction. This made the equation applicable for the research on noble gases, which was very useful for the understanding their liquification process. It failed in the phase behavior of elongated molecules and molecules with hydrogen bonding, which have a directional interaction.
Fun little fact. The first space shuttle mission was nearly lost during reentry. The crude 1970s computational models of the hypersonic flow used ideal gas law which failed to account for the extreme density of the compressed gasses and the chemical reactions going on. The result was unexpected gas pressures resulting in the autopilot losing control and the commander had to take manual control to keep the shuttle in the correct orientation.
The same flight was also nearly lost because of overpressure damage to the the elevator control flap from the solid rocket boosters that should have also caused the loss of craft during reentry. STS-1 was kind of a shitshow.
What an amazing story
This is very surprising, and, frankly, a bit disappointing, as the vdW constants should have automatically been included by 1970. In fact, I was under the impression that even further refinements of the gas laws were known by that time.
@@marcochimio Yes, second virial coefficients for example were known and measured in the early 20th century. I found (don't laugh :-)) this Wiki page on it: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virial_expansion
@@fritsdaalmans5589 Thanks for the link. The phrase “over a century” (ago) is very telling.
@marcochimio. Indeed, it was the difficulty in computationally efficient coding of the detailed gas laws that was the issue. The available computational power at the time, as I'm sure you appreciate, was a fraction of what we have now.
Excellent. The reasons for the long interest in 'gas laws' was the fact that the steam engine was a very big deal for several centuries. Still is, as these laws concerns the steam turbine and airplane engines.
Excellent insight. Thank you for sharing!
add a little sprinkle of nationalism and you get the carnot engine and carnot cycle , ALL HAIL NATIONALISM
Van Der Waal was truly a generational mind; so much of my work in pharmacology and now biomedical engineering has been standing on the shoulders of giants like him
The Van Der Waals Equation gets a fair amount of attention in "Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics" be Sears & Salinger.
Very nice video! Really enjoying the channel and the choice of topics and characters! Far too few channels like this exploring the history of science. Keep up the great work!
Thank you! Just hope I can be as accurate as possible and take people back to that time 😁
Another great piece of work, it brings you into their time and the constrains they worked under.
Thank you! Glad I could put you in their shoes 😁
I'm surprised anyone is yet to point out the error at 3:03 proposing a variable outside of P changes it's dependence solely on intermolecular forces which results in us getting a wrong equation at 3:25
Loved how informative this video was but It's important to make sure we don't distribute such silly mistakes
You are absolutely right... I didn't even notice. Thank you for pointing this out.
My dyslexic self thought the thumbnail was calling this guy a pervert 😂
😅😂
Me too i ain't dyslexic
You mentioned that van der Waals’ work was not well received at his time, especially by those who did not believe in the existence of atoms and molecules. So you might want to considering making a video about Perrin’s precise measurements of the Avogadro number, which finally convinced most scientists. Or perhaps a video on atomism vs. energetics and the former’s eventual triumph thanks to Perrin’s experimental work? That would be super cool! Anyway, your videos are already very awesome!
Perrin. I will look into it. Seems it could make a very interesting story! Thanks for the kind words!
Interactions going up by the square of the number of molecules is not "exponential"
Your dissertation is late, oh but here’s a Nobel prize, also late.
I love the fact that that force is called the van der Waals one.
They left out the part of the backstory when Waals was visiting Mexico and ate his first giant bean burrito con queso Y aguacate.
I just had an exam today about gases lol.
My Physical Chemistry teacher hails van der Waals as the greatest minds of the time, sure he was, but there are minor mistakes in this video like intermolecular forces being exponential and the corrected equation having wrongly written.
Anyways, great video! You earned a sub 🙌
thanks for this video
Can't have a pressure system next to a 10^-17 torr vacuum without solid separation.... think rationally. Is there a vacuum next to the air we breathe?
❤ Such a great video, but not many people can understand
here we go, another history of science🎉❤
The equation at 2:10 is inconsistent with the equation at 3:22. Either you divide through by (V-nb) or you don't, but you cannot divide only one term. Furthermore the voice-over claims at 3:12 that the intermolecular force "increases exponentially", while the video shows a term that is merely quadratic in the density n/V (which is the correct term in the Van der Waals equation).
3:13 that's not exponential tho, is it
Interesting video. I look forward to checking out your channel. Thanks. Subscribed. Cheers
Van der wall paper on gas and liquid phase continuity and capillary and surface science thermodynamics is the most imp contribution. Also his equation is gud as it predicts liquid phase change...and phase equilibrium theronodynamics, his equation gives gud results for both gas and liquid phases.
At 5:05, I think the preferred term for changing a gas into a liquid is "condensation" not "liquidation". But, maybe they called it liquidation back in the 1800's.
It was called 'liquefaction'. See for example the work by Kamerligh Onnes (who is seen in the photo at 4:27): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes#Liquefaction_of_helium
4:37 I became emotional
The city where VdW graduated was Leiden not Lieden.
Correct, but Leiden has the "long i sound," like: "Lye-den."
@@jimvinson6046 Just for laughs, the Dutch long i is "ie" not ei, where ei is the short ij
I cant even have a bed with internet to lay down
But van der wall loop is not thermodynamically possible.
Id like to know if there are effects of higher pressures on roatation of a light beam through a gas under those high pressures
As a retired HS chemistry teacher, I would always advise young men to learn key Chemistry formulas and equations in order to impress the girls. Every cute girl loves it whwn you whisper 6.02 times 10 to the 23rd in their ear or even sexier, PV=nRT .
🙄 OK and did you teach them any chemistry too
thank you for your knowledge it will be put into practice
@@rezzer7918 Orbitals, ionic and covalent bonds, Periodic Table and the usual things one teaches in a Chemistry class...lol.
Come on, you did those kids a disservice by leaving out critical information. You can only use avagadro's number to flirt if the girl has a mole.
@@danheidel Do you mean a pet mole, a Mole say of potassium nitrate or a cute mole on her ass ? LOL. Those damn pet moles can bite you, you can get the mole on your rear removed but a Mole in a beaker is where it's at.
My bladder fills and obeys Boyle's Law, and to be honest, we were a lot happier before Mrs. Boyle let her young lad out on his own.
I always loved the Ideal Gas Law. Don’t know why.
So this is guy. Completely changed the gaseous state chapter
First Latin now English. Both difficult.
It's weird cuz out of everyone, i didn't knew about Emil.
How does lizard stick to the wall...?
And:: van der wall forces
good video!!
Just one nit to pick - look up the pronunciation of Reading.
And Leiden?
missuse of the term exponential... 😢
Van DER Waals hero genius, thanks gas pressure hydrogen, more alternative energy amen
'Liquidation'(?) or 'liquification'?
The proper term is actually "liquefaction"
That's just an alternate, older spelling of liquification. Liquidation, though, is most certainly not the word.
Liquefaction is the proper scientific term for turning a gas or solid into a liquid. Liquification is also acceptable. Regardless, hopefully you got something more out of this video than this 😉
It's called the Ideal Gas Law for a reason... duh...
👏👏❤
why aren't we taught this equation in school, it would be more accurate. I really don't get the tendency to hide info of university classes because "kids are dumb and can't understand" when I get to be a math teacher I will assure that I don't hide any info from my students, even if it's complicated and taught in higher education, they deserve to not have watered down info. besides, you only do good when you have all the information, not partial information.
Not comparing me to them. I am under arrest and being tortured. I am not nearly as brilliant as them.
Ideal gas* not ideal equation for gases 😂
That Gay Lusac name always had me😂😂
The father of gayhood?😂
Please pronounce the name of Van der Waal correctly. The emphasis is on "Waals" as "Van der" just means "from the". Not difficult for English speaking people/AI with just a bit of polite effort.
Agreed… Dutch isn’t exactly a hard language for English speakers (myself included) but at the very least respect their names