REBUTTING Rationality Rules on Ben Shapiro, Ed Feser, and Aquinas

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 21 ส.ค. 2024
  • In this video Trent examines ‪@rationalityrules‬ critique of a more potent explanation of the argument from motion offered by Ben Shapiro and Ed Feser.
    Original Video: Ben Shapiro calmly EDUCATED by Stephen Woodford
    • Ben Shapiro calmly EDU...
    To support this Channel: / counseloftrent

ความคิดเห็น • 397

  • @dukeofdenver
    @dukeofdenver 3 ปีที่แล้ว +236

    I love that you just deliver the facts without being snarky and condescending. Just as we freely received grace so should we give it.

    • @kleenex3000
      @kleenex3000 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      This is no facts. It is deceptive assertions:
      The "mover moves something" is scientifically
      !!!ONLY!!! a description of two objects interacting = EACH changing.
      Philosophically = GobbleDeeGookally, it is what ever you want.
      for an example the Zampano.

    • @draxxthemsclounts2478
      @draxxthemsclounts2478 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Are you joking? This is all snarky and non factual

    • @someguyontheinternet2729
      @someguyontheinternet2729 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

      What part of it is non-factual and snarky? (Saying "everything" is not valid, go give me a specific instance)

  • @liraco_mx
    @liraco_mx 3 ปีที่แล้ว +72

    "I'm going to prove you wrong by misunderstanding your arguments" is what it comes down to.
    Very nicely laid out, Trent.

  • @sageseraph5035
    @sageseraph5035 3 ปีที่แล้ว +181

    I feel like Trent started uploading lots of rebuttal videos right after I commented he should do more rebuttals lol.

    • @halleylujah247
      @halleylujah247 3 ปีที่แล้ว +16

      Well thank you then. I agree I love his rebuttal videos.

    • @Wolfschanzeful
      @Wolfschanzeful 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Sounds like you are moving Trent!

    • @drycleanernick7603
      @drycleanernick7603 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      @@tony1685 show me the CARFAX for YOUR interpretation of scripture. Defend your version of Christianity? You’ll probably say you use the Bible. Guess what... literally the majority of majorly disagreeing sects of Christianity use “only the Bible” for their beliefs... you’d have to wonder why there are so many of them then? Weird how none of them have proof they originated before the Catholic Church

    • @drycleanernick7603
      @drycleanernick7603 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@tony1685 ok show me proof somewhere farther back than the Catholic Church that your interpretation of the Bible was seen as the correct way to interpret scripture because I’m almost positive you can’t. But I can prove pretty far back with written evidence that the Catholic Church, the same unbroken line (which I can also prove again), has kept to the same interpretation that dates the furthest back in history and has also been consistent to this day.

    • @drycleanernick7603
      @drycleanernick7603 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@tony1685 I’m literally not even trying to win an argument I just suggest looking into it and giving it a chance if anything I said made any questions pop into your head. I suggest catholicanswers website and also catholic subreddit is nice then a few more you tubers. Scott Hahn is a good start. Or how to be Christian.

  • @josephmoya5098
    @josephmoya5098 3 ปีที่แล้ว +164

    The example he gives of the rod warming himself is so painful for someone who understands physics. It's a classic example of errors students make in their first statics courses. It consists of taking a closed system, then changing the extent of that closed system, and assuming equivalence. You can't do that.
    First, you have the closed system of the whole rod. One end is heated. (Let's also stipulate that the rod is long enough for a temperature variance to arise.)
    The second system he looks at is the other end of the rod. To describe it you need to take an exploded free body or a smaller section of the rod. It is a totally different closed system. The second end of the rod doesn't change itself, it is heated by the other end of the rod. This is basic, basic physics. It is such a gross example if you understand physics at all.
    And actually, if you were to heat an infinitely long rod on one end, then removed the heat source, and somehow prevented heat loss to the environment, the overall thermal energy in the rod would not change even though one end will cool and the other will warm. The rod as a system wouldn't change in average thermal energy at all.
    Overall, it's such a bad example, it makes me want to spit my guts out and cry.
    Actually, RR's whole rebuttal is so bad it that it is almost funny. I'm not one to write of atheist arguments. They can be complex and interesting, and you can learn a lot from them, including a lot about the person making them. But this is just pure cringe.

    • @halleylujah247
      @halleylujah247 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Please don't split your guts and if you do one would assume crying 😬

    • @nathanaelculver5308
      @nathanaelculver5308 3 ปีที่แล้ว +18

      I pointed this out in a comment I left under his video a year or so ago: he unwittingly debunks himself as soon as he says “the hot end heats the cold end”.

    • @carolusramusservusdei9611
      @carolusramusservusdei9611 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      @@halleylujah247 Hi Halley I see you everywhere haha, see ya whenever Lofton uploads again.

    • @SperoinDeo
      @SperoinDeo 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Yes, he came across obtuse in that example. Generally petulant as well, a trait of those arguing without using reason.

    • @malcolmkirk3343
      @malcolmkirk3343 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@nathanaelculver5308
      Hmm. I'll have to look that up to see the context. Perhaps he was thinking in terms of examples like a rod, a pool of water, etc.
      In those cases heat does not merely dissipates (into the atmosphere), but also distributes within an object. So, the hot end (in a sense) does heat the cold end. But, again, I've peaked into this discussion here at the end, without seeing what preceded it; admittedly, a foolish thing to do.

  • @ToxicallyMasculinelol
    @ToxicallyMasculinelol 2 ปีที่แล้ว +28

    It was painful looking through the circlejerk in the original video's comments section. So many smug, self-satisfied "intellectuals" patting themselves on the back for indulging in a misleading strawman rebuttal. Most ironically, many of the comments focus on vague assertions that Shapiro himself commits some logical fallacies (even strawman arguments), as if Shapiro's personal behavior has any bearing on Ed Feser's arguments. You get the strong sense none of them actually read Feser's book and just took Rationality Rules' assertions at face value. We're all just locked into our little camps in an _infinite regress_ of confirmation bias and self-validation. God help us.

    • @infodisco4097
      @infodisco4097 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      Exactly. They just pat themselves on the back and act like they have done some thing went all they've done is show their misunderstanding for Fasers argument.

  • @mariobaratti2985
    @mariobaratti2985 3 ปีที่แล้ว +46

    Bad idea when an atheist, expecially a pop-dawkinsgroupie one, engages Edward Feser lmao.

  • @kattula76
    @kattula76 3 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    Trent should have hundreds of thousands of subscribers & millions of views to say the least.
    God bless you Mr. Horn for your ministry

  • @bearistotle2820
    @bearistotle2820 3 ปีที่แล้ว +47

    Mathoma actually put out a really good rebuttal to this as well. I would recommend giving it a look, maybe even seeing if he would like to be interviewed on the show, as his classical theism series is fantastic as well.

    • @mariobaratti2985
      @mariobaratti2985 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      true that was epic

    • @HauntedBlack
      @HauntedBlack 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@TheCaroluss I think it's this one: th-cam.com/video/ZJDYPZYMt0Q/w-d-xo.html

    • @cosmicnomad8575
      @cosmicnomad8575 ปีที่แล้ว

      I love Mathoma

  • @sohamgupta9975
    @sohamgupta9975 3 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    Trent is a real juggernaut and I truly believe he has a wonderfully bright future as a defender of the faith.
    Keep it going, Trent! Don't be discouraged - God is with you!

  • @jonphinguyen
    @jonphinguyen 3 ปีที่แล้ว +31

    You keep dunking on this dude

  • @alwayschasingjesus3452
    @alwayschasingjesus3452 3 ปีที่แล้ว +272

    Imagine being confident enough to think you can take on Thomas Aquinas

    • @joecannoli319
      @joecannoli319 3 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      That couldn't be me 😂

    • @Mish844
      @Mish844 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Depends on which bits you're talking about. If we're talking his itration of teological argument, then frankly anyone can take on it.

    • @malcolmkirk3343
      @malcolmkirk3343 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      Imagine being confident enough to believe the very word of God, in the face of mere human rationality.

    • @mathewjose4753
      @mathewjose4753 2 ปีที่แล้ว +36

      @@malcolmkirk3343
      Imagine believing that there is no morality, no free will, the Universe has no meaning, everything exists for absolutely no reason, everything is moving without any mover

    • @blackfalkon4189
      @blackfalkon4189 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

      @@mathewjose4753 _"Imagine believing that there is no morality, no free will"_
      sounds like Calvinism too

  • @paperjerryhobbies
    @paperjerryhobbies 3 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    I now get when to apply "The Cambridge Change": when some Protestants say that God the Father was not always the Father, not until the Word became Jesus and was born of Mary.
    If that was so, then God changes... but since God never changes, then the argument is false.
    We then conclude that, since God never changes, he was always The Father, The Son, and The Holy Spirit, but he was only revealed as such by Jesus when he said "O righteous Father, the world doesn't know you, but I do; and these disciples know you sent me. I have revealed you to them, and I will continue to do so...- John 17:25-26
    In other words... "I am now shorter than my child"... WE changed our perception of God as The Father thanks to the revelation of Jesus (which by the way, reveals Himself as The Son, being previously known as The Word).
    Thank you, Trent!!! God Bless You!!

    • @jackplumbridge2704
      @jackplumbridge2704 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      i have never heard any protestant say that God the father was not always the father. this would be heretical, as it would deny the existence of Jesus being the Son of God before he was born into the world.
      i think you are confusing heretics with protestants.

    • @malcolmkirk3343
      @malcolmkirk3343 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Did not the He (the Son) "BECAME flesh, and dwelt among us"? Did not God take to Himself a nature temporally that He previously did not have?

    • @malcolmkirk3343
      @malcolmkirk3343 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@jackplumbridge2704 For the most part, you are right. But there are some odd pastors out there now-a-days (esp. in Pentecostal circles). Heard one pastor prayed over a man, and told him that he needed to forgive Jesus.

    • @jackplumbridge2704
      @jackplumbridge2704 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@malcolmkirk3343 "Did not the He (the Son) "BECAME flesh, and dwelt among us"? Did not God take to Himself a nature temporally that He previously did not have?" - yes. the Son took on human nature.
      not sure how this has any relevance to what i have said tho.

  • @illumoportetcresceremeaute887
    @illumoportetcresceremeaute887 3 ปีที่แล้ว +19

    My favorite description of the antithesis to the unmoved mover argument comes from E Michael Jones: "it's turtles all the way down"

    • @matswessling6600
      @matswessling6600 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      and? for an eternal universe an eternal sequence of events is not a problem.

    • @willdaugherty2842
      @willdaugherty2842 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@matswessling6600please show evidence for an eternal universe, would love to see some.
      I’ll help you before you get started: it’s logically impossible.
      the only people who continue to posit eternal universe theories are those so latched on to their materialistic worldview that they refuse any other conclusion carte blanche

    • @matswessling6600
      @matswessling6600 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@willdaugherty2842 logical impossible? how?

    • @willdaugherty2842
      @willdaugherty2842 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@matswessling6600 did you even watch the video you’re commenting on? infinite regress is a logical problem that makes eternal universe impossible.
      If the universe is past eternal, how many events occurred before we got to this finite point in time?

    • @matswessling6600
      @matswessling6600 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@willdaugherty2842 infinite number of points. But that is not s problem since any time imterval, even finite time intervals, contains infinitely many time points.

  • @halleylujah247
    @halleylujah247 3 ปีที่แล้ว +23

    🤯🤯 brain exercising, my brain hurts now. I need to go read some more books 🤦🏼‍♀️

  • @HodgePodgeVids1
    @HodgePodgeVids1 3 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    Been loving these rebuttals. Went to the library and picked up the Summa Theologica

  • @Comboman70
    @Comboman70 3 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    Thank you for these kinds of videos. Escpecially analyzing RR's channel. I love his and Alex's content. I am learning alot with your work. Thank you!

  • @TheOnlyStonemason
    @TheOnlyStonemason 3 ปีที่แล้ว +105

    Stephen is the king of the straw man

    • @brendansheehan6180
      @brendansheehan6180 3 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      Just wants to prove Feser right I guess.

    • @Augustinianismus
      @Augustinianismus 3 ปีที่แล้ว +42

      Yeah Though to be fair, his video is two years old. His mind might have gone from potential to actual, and therefore changed, since then. 😉

    • @lisac5287
      @lisac5287 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      @@Augustinianismus lol

    • @cavitenoblackpill9720
      @cavitenoblackpill9720 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      @@Augustinianismus ayo lmao 😂😂

    • @Numenorean921
      @Numenorean921 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      but he puts logical fallacies on the screen while he talks so he clearly is always right

  • @Qwerty-jy9mj
    @Qwerty-jy9mj 3 ปีที่แล้ว +52

    You've been quite prolific lately

  • @leokim1458
    @leokim1458 3 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    I pray I'll ever get the patience you have Trent.

  • @saoirseryan2546
    @saoirseryan2546 3 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    As someone with some education in physics this atheist's science makes me want to scream

  • @anthonya459
    @anthonya459 3 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    This Dethklok guy is the personification of "I am very smart"

    • @ironymatt
      @ironymatt 3 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      ... like someone who thinks he's the best chemist ever because he knows that salt is made up of sodium and chlorine.

    • @bennyredpilled5455
      @bennyredpilled5455 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Hahahahaha

  • @daviddemartin4565
    @daviddemartin4565 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    I think he's also missing the whole reason why an infinite regress cannot exist. If you look up accidentally ordered series vs essentially ordered series, you can see that, not only have we never observed an infinite chain of causes, but also it is impossible metaphysically. The whole point is that if there is no first mover, then there is nowhere that the motion originates in. It's like a chain of mirrors with a light bouncing between them but no flashlight originating the light.

    • @PrimeTimePaulyRat
      @PrimeTimePaulyRat ปีที่แล้ว +1

      This is a critical component of the argument. Without explaining and distinguishing essentially ordered causal series and accidentally ordered causal series, there is ambiguity in the argument for the unmoved mover.

  • @ianb483
    @ianb483 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Excellent video, Trent! I'll just add that another reason the Unmoved Mover must be conscious/rational (or super-rational) is that rational creatures exist, and intellect is in principle irreducible to matter. Since the Unmoved Mover actualizes rational creatures, the Unmoved Mover must itself possess rationality (or rather something superior to rationality from which rationality derives) among its powers, and since rationality is irreducible to matter, this power is irreducible to mere blind actualization of matter.
    Of course, this part of the argument requires proving that intellect is irreducible to matter, which is certainly possible but a whole other ball of wax.

  • @samgutierrez5155
    @samgutierrez5155 3 ปีที่แล้ว +23

    Can you do a rebuttal video by rationality rules(I think) where he claims that the west is not build by judeo-christian values? Thanks God bless

    • @samgutierrez5155
      @samgutierrez5155 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @Zachary Trent interesting so would it just be Christian instead of judeo-Christian then? It’s hard to ignore the influence of Christianity in the west based on what I’ve studied

    • @Qwerty-jy9mj
      @Qwerty-jy9mj 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @Zachary Trent
      Yes but no, I mean "judeo-christian" is a vapid neologism but we might as well argue Christianity is a jewish sect anyways.
      What atheists like to pretend is that the West was founded on Greek philosophy alone, as if St Augustine hadn't written City of God or something...

    • @verum-in-omnibus1035
      @verum-in-omnibus1035 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      The term “Judeo Christian“ is a modern invention to support the secular state of political Israel, a favorite of protestants and heretics alike.
      Post Christ all the Jews have done socially is work on revolution and tearing down Christian values. I don’t mean individual Jews, I mean the revolutionary spirit of their religion that now is based upon rejection of Christ (they’ve been behind freemasonry, the French revolution, parts of the American revolution, atheism, evolutionary biology, the distraction of marriage, Marxist ideology etc.). See “the Jewish revolutionary spirit,“ by E Michael Jones.
      Christianity built western civilization. That is why any destruction of the Catholic Church, starting with the protestant revolution, which then led to freemasonry and secular atheism and moral relativism, destroys society.
      Atheist nowadays want to look on the good things that are still being held together by our Christian history and claim “we don’t need any of that now, will let the god stuff just die and keep all the good parts.“ It would be laughable if it wasn’t so sad and destructive in it’s reality.

    • @urielthefrost5607
      @urielthefrost5607 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      There's no such "Judeo-Christianity" value. Christianity alone (primarily Catholic Church) built Western civilization.

    • @njhoepner
      @njhoepner ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@Qwerty-jy9mj Strawmanning doesn't become anyone. I've never met any of my fellow atheists who believe what you just said.
      It is true that Christianity had a strong influence on the development of Europe ("western civilization" and "the west" are also neologisms). So did Greek philosophy, literature, and history - and the two aren't completely distinct, for example the idea that god is an immaterial being is a Greek influence on 3rd century BCE Judaism that was then imported into Christianity. Roman law remains the foundation of the legal practice of continental Europe, along with Napoleon's law code - meanwhile, in the English-speaking world our judicial system derives from ancient Germanic practice via Saxon royal law that was established as common law beginning with Henry II. The idea of certificates for achieving levels of education comes from the Islamic world, as does the idea of schools for that purpose, which provided the germ of what in Europe became universities beginning in the middle ages. The Age of Exploration affected Europe profoundly, helping to spark the Scientific Revolution, the effects of which are at least as powerful as any other influence before or since. And then there's the Enlightenment - the U.S. Constitution and system of government, for example, are direct products of the Enlightenment, as is the whole concept of human rights on which European political and legal systems currently rest.
      The cry that "the west was built on Christianity" or "the U.S. was founded as a Christian country" and other such claims are ahistorical, and in any case they are not claims mad to be independent historical claims. They are preludes to some form of "therefore we Christians have the RIGHT to force our religion on everyone else" or "therefore we Christians should have special privileges" or some version of making out that Christian doctrine (but only from the right kind of Christians, of course) should be made into law for everyone else. And THAT is repugnant.

  • @jonson856
    @jonson856 3 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    RR confuses the words simple, complicated and complex ... and in this case long.
    If something is complicated, it can be reduced to something more simple.
    If something is complex, it means it is made up of many things, i.e. many simple things.
    And that would mean it is already the simplest of explanations/description even though it is complex.
    And length, well just because an argument is long, does not mean it is not simple enough.

    • @malcolmkirk3343
      @malcolmkirk3343 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      In logic "things" is not a category, since it is overbroad, and not descriptive enough for a category, nor descriptive enough to use in forming a syllogism.

  • @raphaelrobles8104
    @raphaelrobles8104 3 ปีที่แล้ว +27

    “Aquinas doesn’t say that this argument proves the existence of his particular god. For that, he offered additional flawed arguments” LOL this guy is confident as heck. What a snarky comment haha.

    • @nathanaelculver5308
      @nathanaelculver5308 3 ปีที่แล้ว +14

      He leans heavily into his British accent.

    • @ironymatt
      @ironymatt 3 ปีที่แล้ว +9

      @@nathanaelculver5308 Hitchens did the same

    • @odessaxmusicclips6028
      @odessaxmusicclips6028 3 ปีที่แล้ว +11

      Arrogance comes with his territory of atheism

    • @Mish844
      @Mish844 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      and a correct one afaik

    • @nathanaelculver5308
      @nathanaelculver5308 3 ปีที่แล้ว +9

      @@Mish844 Given how badly he’s represented Aquinas’ argument from motion, I’d hold off endorsing his assessments of any other Thomistic arguments.

  • @TheProdigalMeowMeowMeowReturns
    @TheProdigalMeowMeowMeowReturns 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    “Unlike Ben and Feser, Aquinas *does* provide an argument.”
    But… so does Feser.

  • @glof2553
    @glof2553 3 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    Trent: Joe Schmid of the Majesty of Reason YT channel had an analysis of Feser's Aristotelian argument, saying that P7 was faulty. I'd be interested if you could do an analysis on that.

    • @TheCounselofTrent
      @TheCounselofTrent  3 ปีที่แล้ว +57

      It's on the list. Unfortunately, I need to prioritize rebutting the more popular erroneous TH-cam videos because they cause more harm even though videos like Schmid's are far more interesting.

    • @computationaltheist7267
      @computationaltheist7267 3 ปีที่แล้ว +20

      @@TheCounselofTrent You've been on a roll. Keep them coming.

    • @YovanypadillaJr
      @YovanypadillaJr 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      y'all should dialogue.

    • @richvestal767
      @richvestal767 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Ok, in reference to the Big Bang and the universe having no beginning, he's clearly ignorant of the Borde-Guthe-Vilenkin Theorem which rejects any notion of the universe not having a beginning.

  • @dynamic9016
    @dynamic9016 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Really appreciate this video.

  • @Mark-cd2wf
    @Mark-cd2wf 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Rebutting RatRules is simply too easy.
    It’s like tripping a dwarf.

    • @ironymatt
      @ironymatt 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Dwarves have a low center of gravity, ergo they don't trip all that easily

  • @sethgilbert1086
    @sethgilbert1086 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This should have way more views. Thank you for the analysis, Trent!

  • @billj6109
    @billj6109 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Eh. If Steve had actually read the 49 premises he'd know the basic argument doesn't account for more than a few. So he either never read it or lying about it.

    • @grubblewubbles
      @grubblewubbles ปีที่แล้ว +1

      An internet atheist being dishonest about reading something!?!?!?!? Never....

  • @elmerarts9124
    @elmerarts9124 3 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    I notice trent uploaded 3 videos in one day

    • @ironymatt
      @ironymatt 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Free-for-all Fridays - you get quality *and* quantity!

  • @brendanbutler1238
    @brendanbutler1238 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    If there was more than one unactualized actualizer they would have the potential to be one, because only one would be necessary to explain everything, but an unactualized actualizer cannot have any potential, therefore there can only be one.

  • @jendoe9436
    @jendoe9436 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Part of the assumption in physics is that the properties of force, motion, composition, etc are uniform across all of space. It’s how we can calculate orbits, masses, objects, size, and all of that. Deviations in those things can either be explained by natural phenomena (like Black Holes) or are just unable to be calculated at this time due to technological and knowledge limitations (hence the term Dark Matter or Dark Energy acting as a current place holder). It’s a similar idea that led to the expansion of the Periodic Table of Elements: find a pattern, calculate with what ya know, and update when new info is gathered. Just because it can’t be explained now, doesn’t mean it never can be.
    Also, the suggestion that Ben Shapiro used an emotional fallacy is quite baffling. I did not get the impression that Ben was appealing to emotion when he commented that people would want to avoid an infinity of causes. I felt Ben was relaying more how we want to know the littlest things, similar to how humans came up with the notion of the atom based on a continuing idea of big blocks of something being made from smaller and smaller blocks. Wanting to know the “unmover” isn’t us emotionally desiring some deity, it’s to know and understand how nature operates.
    Final note: I highly dislike the idea that EVERYTHING needs to be simplified in order for someone to know what they’re talking about. Some things are just too complex to relay accurately in brief explanations or the simplicity ends up muddying what’s actually happening. When I hear mathematicians or programmers discuss complex or highly technical concepts, I’m highly unlikely to understand what’s going on.
    If ya don’t have a basic foundation for what’s being said, no explanation will be helpful unless you break down to the very basics. Even then, people are wired differently so while one person can grasp analytical concepts easily, another may never understand it.
    Also, expanding on one’s thoughts and ideas can actually polish a concept than leaving it to the bare bones of explanation.
    Example: Astronomers use light to detect elements and matter in space. Very basic and generally true. However, the expanded statement can be something like “Astronomers measure the difference in wavelengths to determine the movement of objects and can distinguish elements based on Spectroscopy.” The later provides much more detail on what is happening, but may be unfamiliar to most people who don’t understand the property of electromagnetic waves, aka light. And that can be expanded on when one takes in the different wave lengths and energy related to the Electromagnetic Spectrum.
    Basically the simple explanation is generally okay, but expansion allows us to gain a much fuller idea of what’s really happening.

    • @GinoMEGuain
      @GinoMEGuain 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      In fact, while it's true that if you can't explain something in a simple way it means that you didn't understand it enough, it is ALSO true that you must assume a priori that some terminology is comprehended across the board.
      I.E.; a colour is a specific refraction of the light spectrum.
      Too hard? Let's dump it down a bit!
      When light encounters an object, parts of that object reflects only a part of the variety of colours in light's spectrum; the kind of light hitting the object and the reflected part of its spectrum define the colour that your eyes perceive.
      Easy, but for an individual who was born blind is still hard to grasp untheoretically (and, perhaps, even theoretically to a certain extent).

  • @LuisFernandoImperator
    @LuisFernandoImperator ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This video is a masterpiece.

  • @Numenorean921
    @Numenorean921 2 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    imagine calling yourself rationality rules as though you have the ultimate truth

    • @therick363
      @therick363 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Pretty sure that’s not what he’s doing with the name

    • @grantbaker7062
      @grantbaker7062 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Ironic comment, only people who think they have the ultimate truth are theists, be it christians, muslims,...Atheists just lack a belief in god.

  • @petermcgowan1705
    @petermcgowan1705 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    26:42 People who try to mess with "The Horn" always end up regretting it.

  • @IWasOnceAFetus
    @IWasOnceAFetus 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    "Oh this one's the 'Non-contingent Contingency' argument!" - RR
    😅

  • @nickfrate4396
    @nickfrate4396 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great channel. A++

  • @brendansheehan6180
    @brendansheehan6180 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Fish, meet barrel. (Trents loading up.)

  • @JustUsCrazyBoyz
    @JustUsCrazyBoyz 3 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    The more Stephen does this, the more he's gonna lose credibility LOL.

  • @Brutananadlewski
    @Brutananadlewski 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for all you do Trent. I enjoy your videos a lot.

  • @sctv2127
    @sctv2127 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    An atheist not understanding logic? Water is wet.

    • @FrankieTeardrop1998
      @FrankieTeardrop1998 ปีที่แล้ว

      Oh yeah what's your amazing logic, genius? That a magical sky god invented the universe with shit all evidence?

  • @trevoradams3702
    @trevoradams3702 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I’m a Protestant but really appreciate your content! Is this argument from motion unique to Catholicism or something a Protestant can endorse? I really like the simplicity of it (no pun intended).

    • @Qwerty-jy9mj
      @Qwerty-jy9mj 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      Yes, protestants can use it, cosmological arguments rely on deductions mad on simple observations, they don't rely on doctrine. The Kalam cosmological argument which William Lane Craig popularized, was first formulated by muslims

    • @jeremysmith7176
      @jeremysmith7176 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      It's open to all monotheistic religions.

    • @Zosso-1618
      @Zosso-1618 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      It disqualifies protestants that endorse theistic personalism, such as William Lane Craig. This happens because of the attributes that the unmoved mover must have. But some other sorts of Protestants are certainly immune from this.

    • @njhoepner
      @njhoepner ปีที่แล้ว

      @@jeremysmith7176 The argument actually comes from an ancient Greek pagan (Aristotle) so no reason why its use would be limited to monotheists.

    • @njhoepner
      @njhoepner ปีที่แล้ว

      @@Qwerty-jy9mj The "unmoved mover" version of it goes back to Aristotle.

  • @JohnMinehan-lx9ts
    @JohnMinehan-lx9ts 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Well, I tend to agree with the unmoved mover idea.
    However, the basic problem is that it can't be empirically proven or disproven and it only applies within a system.
    If the first cause comes about from something outside the system (which seems empirically unprovable, one way or another) that is your first cause. Further, we don't know the nature of the first matter.

  • @displaychicken
    @displaychicken 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks a lot for this. I use these arguments when talking to atheists and this video cleared up and helped to explain some aspects of these arguments that I was not fully clear on. I would love to see more videos in this vein. You are very good at explaining Aquinas.

    • @displaychicken
      @displaychicken 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@DaneilTthanks, that sounds very interesting. Any good resources or authors that give a good breakdown?

  • @ryan98408
    @ryan98408 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great video, nicely edited too

  • @jorgemartinez123
    @jorgemartinez123 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I appreciate what you're doing here. Thanks for sharing that. Hoc vere dixisti.

  • @winstonbarquez9538
    @winstonbarquez9538 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Debunking the debunkers! Cool!

  • @jungleking9703
    @jungleking9703 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I wonder what Ben Shepiro would sound like if he took in a deep breath of helium.

  • @metatron4890
    @metatron4890 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    The B theory carries more weight than the A theory of time given Einsteinian physics.
    If the B theory of time is true, then all moments of time are ontologically equivalent.
    If all moments of time are ontologically equivalent, then nothing is put in motion by another.
    If nothing is put in motion by another, then the first way is false.
    Therefore the first way is false.

  • @sketchartist1964
    @sketchartist1964 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    The atheists number one premise: The belief that you were created by accident and that this accident gave you the ability to understand you were created by accident.

  • @ccpol8525
    @ccpol8525 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Nice and informative. Just how I like it!

  • @tommore3263
    @tommore3263 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Aquinas' argument is solid as a rock.

    • @grubblewubbles
      @grubblewubbles ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Both in actual and potential

    • @therick363
      @therick363 ปีที่แล้ว

      Please explain then.

    • @tommore3263
      @tommore3263 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@therick363 Sure. Change is the actualization of a potential. There therefor must exist something that is pure actuality with no potential that requires actualization at the ground of being . BEING You exist in God.

    • @dazedmaestro1223
      @dazedmaestro1223 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@tommore3263, none of that follows, mate. Read the book "Existential Inertia and Classical Theistic Proofs". It refutes the first 3 ways + essence/existence argument and some other arguments of the sort.

  • @tommore3263
    @tommore3263 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I don't think he'll be in too great a hurry to debate you in a public forum Trent. You know what you're talking about and are familiar with the subject matter. That's quite a difference between you two. Rationality doesn't seem to rule at all times. Time for a new T shirt.

  • @delbert372
    @delbert372 3 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    As much as atheists exhaust themselves to try to put Jesus back in that tomb, it'll never work, it's futile. Game over. To God be the glory!

    • @Mish844
      @Mish844 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Never heard they were trying to do that

  • @ob4161
    @ob4161 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Mathoma already dismantled RR's video here.

  • @CristianaCatólica
    @CristianaCatólica 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    WONDERFUL VIDEO

  • @tylergermanowicz5756
    @tylergermanowicz5756 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    He says “potentCHU-ality, for potentiality.
    I cannot respect that. I have gotten used to “nuk U lar”, but this is just unforgivable.

  • @whaddup691
    @whaddup691 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    19:35 I see atheists are back to “the universe has always existed for eternity. No beginning or end just infinity”

  • @halleylujah247
    @halleylujah247 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Oooh I know someone who can help moderate debates 😁

  • @mike16apha16
    @mike16apha16 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    lel RR competently forgetting a steel bar isn't 1 solid object and consists of multiple molecules and the heated molecules are actualizing the none heated molecules so it is indeed something actualizing something else and in no way self inflicted

  • @shmeebs387
    @shmeebs387 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    He says that the argument can only prove an unactualized actualizer "and that's it," but he seems to put that possibility into its own little box devoid of any further implications. He may think he is making a small concession there, but he's admitting more than he realizes.

    • @andrewnietfeld7213
      @andrewnietfeld7213 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      But isn’t that classical theist definition of god with divine simplicity

    • @Qwerty-jy9mj
      @Qwerty-jy9mj 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@andrewnietfeld7213
      Exactly, they just concede the argument and pout about the implications

  • @raphaelrobles8104
    @raphaelrobles8104 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I’d love to see you have a dialogue with him. I’d hope he’d be down for that. I think he’s well spoken and thought out. I think he is wrong of course, but I appreciate his systematic and clear approach to the subjects he argues about.

  • @baguette7851
    @baguette7851 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    A protestant, a jew, and a Catholic walk into a bar; an atheist follows...

  • @gameologian7365
    @gameologian7365 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Destroyed. Great video! It really helped make the holes in this argument so clear. I wish Stephen was more earnest with his arguments like paulogia or cosmic skeptic.

  • @manny75586
    @manny75586 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    My first college philosophy professor explained the Aquilonian argument by putting three balls on a table. Red, whute, and blue. All the same size. He asked if there was some way for the blue ball to move by itself to collide with one of the other balls. It obviously can't. Then he asked is those three balls and the table were the entirety of the known universe, would it ever change from it's current state? Again the answer is no.
    While the unmoved mover doesnt prove a specific theistic tradition, its far more in favor of a god than no god. Because a force that is unobservable and incomprehensible that can cause creation sure sounds like how humans throughout history have come to their understanding of a god.
    Many philosophers, Christians and non Christians, like Augustine, Avveroes, Avicenna, Plotinus, Boethius have all made statements of varying lengths talking about how a god is incomprehensible by those it has created. Because if it were, it likely is not a god (thus God requiring the human form of Christ to be comprehensible to us).
    They and other philosophers have even said that the differences in religions could entirely be up to this incomorehensible nature of a god.
    RR didn't make many/any really killer points here. He very often disproves his own arguments.

  • @user-gs4oi1fm4l
    @user-gs4oi1fm4l 3 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    I don't understand how rationality rules has 180k views on what is essentially nonsense arguments and videos such as this one with thorough and logical arguments are stuck at 30k views

  • @andrejuthe
    @andrejuthe 20 วันที่ผ่านมา

    'Rationality Rules' rather 'Irrationality Rules" in this case, he does not even know the distinction between passive and active potentiality. Passive potentiality which is what we usually mean by 'potentiality' and refers to the property of being capable of being *acted upon* by something else. Active potentiality is just the ability to act upon *other* things to actualize their passive potentiality, so *active potentiality* just the power to actualize the potential in other things which means that it is actualized in order to accomplish that.

  • @deusimperator
    @deusimperator 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Ben is very familiar with the argument because he has read the sages, RAMBAM. This is in a sense the same argument of RAMBAM. Since Judaism and Catholicism are based on the same metaphysics - moderate realism, and the only religions to do so, this is a natural argument for Jews such as Shapiro.

    • @ripvanwinkle1819
      @ripvanwinkle1819 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yeah, this is old news for catholics. This site is for converts or something, it is best just to read Aristotle's metaphysics and Aquinas albeit very slowly, and unpack it thyself. Alot of chatter here, and aristotle and aquinas both made great pains to not assume anything really.

  • @39knights
    @39knights 3 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Long ago I probably seen one or two of Rationality Rules videos and I quickly discerned this is a guy with a one digit IQ who sincerely believes he has a three digit IQ and now goes out of his way to prove it. He's not a very good thinker but would probably be a very successful politician.

    • @GinoMEGuain
      @GinoMEGuain 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Right? I'm subscribed to his channel.
      It always seems that he thinks something through to a certain extent but then he stops.
      What annoys me the most is that he uses different weights for different arguments.
      Even here, for example: he takes, to quote him, the second premise tentatively (which, by the way, it's a premise to the 2nd law of thermodynamics) because "we don't know enough about the universe...black matter, for example". Good.
      Please, mister, can you show me the difference between "this" argument of yours and the infamous "god of gaps" argument that you bashed several times throughout the years?
      No one. Shallow reasoning, biased reasoning.

  • @b4u334
    @b4u334 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Thanks so much for these simple to understand videos, Trent.
    Someone needs to splice a bunch of Rationality Rules videos together and use his own ridiculously subjective and absurdly high standard of proof against other atheists.
    It sure would save this guy a lot of time if he would just come out and say he firmly agrees with Descartes' "I think therefore I am" and that's all we can know. Nothing else can be "proven" to be true. The postmodern problem is identified by its relativism because logic and reason too effectively land on precise answers, so those too must be discarded.

    • @Mar--Mar
      @Mar--Mar 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      "I think not", Descartes replied, and promptly disappeared.

    • @jeremysmith7176
      @jeremysmith7176 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      The classical theism podcast had a great episode recently on Descartes' "I think therefore I am" and the thomistic response down through the centuries. That the cogita, ergo sum presupposes the principal of non-contradiction. How else can Descartes know that he that he is and is not thinking at the same time.

  • @rajatacharya1039
    @rajatacharya1039 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    A masterful explanation. I assume that Trent wanted to reserve the point of this argument being about a synchronic causal sequence to explain later why the diachronic consequence of the Big Bang (or any temporal beginning) is irrelevant, but I think it is worth mentioning now.

  • @EspadaKing777
    @EspadaKing777 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I'm trying to wrap my head around something: do the "potentials" of objects 'exist' in something analogous to the platonic realm of the forms? That is to say, there is some metaphysical "world of ontology" in which every potential of every existent object resides, waiting to be made actual?
    sorry if the question sounds flippant or incredulous; I'm genuinely trying to grasp the metaphysics at work here!

    • @patricksoares6253
      @patricksoares6253 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I don't think so. I think "actuality" is being and "potentiality" is not-being, two corresponces, in a dialectical form, and not "objects" proper.
      But I don't know, someone that understands has to explain.

  • @Essex626
    @Essex626 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Okay, I'm late in commenting here, but it's funny that Woodford states "we don't know that everything requires actualization, because we haven't observed everything." I believe Aquinas would agree, and add on "this we call God."
    And then he turns around and objects that people arguing for theism give an exception to the principle that everything requires actualization... and yeah, that's not an objection, that's the premise of the argument.

    • @therick363
      @therick363 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I want to see if I got what you’re saying.
      Everything needs actual i action except a God and that’s okay? And it’s not double standards and special pleading?

  • @metatron4890
    @metatron4890 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    What is wrong with God being a self mover?
    Suppose God was in an initial state of doing nothing, and then he is in a subsequent state of doing something; why think that something outside of God must move God?
    If God can move himself, then the premise that what is in motion is put in motion by something else is false.
    The first way must be false if nothing outside of the self causes the self to have a thought. Free will suggests that we move ourselves to create thoughts and thus the first way fails if we believe that God have free will and if humans have free will.

  • @riskyrymes
    @riskyrymes 3 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Wouldn't be long now before Stephen drops a "Trent Hunt DEBUNKED" vid

    • @paradisecityX0
      @paradisecityX0 3 ปีที่แล้ว +10

      In other words, giving an inaccurate summary of what Trent said and giving his opinion on it

    • @TheCounselofTrent
      @TheCounselofTrent  3 ปีที่แล้ว +37

      He could do that, or he could just debate or directly engage me on the subject, which would be more efficient than endless rebuttal videos.

    • @jacobpilavin9981
      @jacobpilavin9981 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      @@TheCounselofTrent Debates usually just devolve in charisma matches, The optimal exchange would be a written back and forth

    • @computationaltheist7267
      @computationaltheist7267 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@paradisecityX0 Yo, triple P. Good to see you here man. BTW, how did you get Skylar Fiction to block you on Twitter? The dude normally thumps his chest on the many theists that have blocked him, including Mr. Brass.

    • @paradisecityX0
      @paradisecityX0 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@computationaltheist7267 Because he couldn't handle his attitude thrown back at him

  • @LuisReyes-sm7kc
    @LuisReyes-sm7kc 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    27:30 Hahaha.

  • @nathanaelculver5308
    @nathanaelculver5308 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    24:20 *It doesn’t support theism*
    Odd. Then why do so many atheists devote so much energy to trying to debunk it? True it doesn’t get you all the way to the Christian God, but apparently it gets you a lot closer than many atheists are comfortable with.

    • @Mish844
      @Mish844 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      You're joking, right? Nobody would be arrogant enough to make such a argument.

  • @dylan.ia.9262
    @dylan.ia.9262 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    The argument sounds like a cause and effect argument

  • @benjaminhancock9014
    @benjaminhancock9014 ปีที่แล้ว

    If the second premise is a black swan fallacy than all of science is a black swan fallacy. Science is built upon things we have observed and because we haven't observed everything than nothing can be proven.

  • @TickleMeElmo55
    @TickleMeElmo55 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What's with online atheist personalities having long hair, beards, being fat, tattooed, having dyed hair, bitter if not an airhead? British atheists are odd beings. I'm starting to believe my brother when he said Brits are just weird people in general.

    • @grantbaker7062
      @grantbaker7062 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Way to generalize jeez...I'm a british atheist and I don't fit in your stupid description at all. And how are we weird exactly? Most americans can't even point out africa on a map and we're the weird ones? Intelligence can be weird from the point of view of a moron.

  • @tommore3263
    @tommore3263 ปีที่แล้ว

    He should get a new T shirt. One with a better metaphysical grasp of reality. Beautifully done Trent. Aquinas rules! Or rather the universe he explains so well.

  • @pax630
    @pax630 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Trent, the reason Aquinas and Feser are wrong is because there is no necessary or justifiable distinction being made that suggests an actualizer must be a god and not some prior natural existence, like a prior universe, that gave rise to our own.
    If your problem is then the problem of eternity, that doesn't go away by saying "God is outside of time," because there are no actions that can be taken without time, therefore actualization is impossible without time, therefore how long did God wait before he actualized the universe? You must use special pleading to get around this.

  • @brendanbutler1238
    @brendanbutler1238 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    22.00 Everything PHYSICAL is dependent upon something, but you can't say ABSOLUTELY EVERYTHING is dependent upon something as there is no logical necessity for that or possibility of empirical proof. Also just because energy cannot be created or destroyed by nature, doesn't mean that the existence of energy therefore doesn't need a causal explanation from beyond nature.

  • @andrewferg8737
    @andrewferg8737 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I prefer the explanation that God gives of Himself as Being (I Am). This is the only truly self-evident argument and is also consistent with the fact that God is Love, in that the very nature of Being is to give of itself for all that exists partakes of Being. This argument leads logically to a rational understanding of the nature of consciousness and the Trinity.

  • @Solangie151
    @Solangie151 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Amazing

  • @williammcenaney1331
    @williammcenaney1331 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    It's Peter Geach, not Peter Gates.

  • @williammcenaney1331
    @williammcenaney1331 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Shapiro misdefines the PSR..
    The simplest coherent version of the PSR is this: that all actual facts and pluralities of facts that possibly have a cause actually do so. The only exceptions that this version of the PSR allows are facts that are intrinsically uncausable (as a matter of metaphysical necessity), and that seems to be an eminently sensible class of exceptions. It's no surprise to be told that there is no cause for the intrinsically uncausable.
    Fuqua, Jonathan; Koons, Robert C.. Classical Theism: New Essays on the Metaphysics of God (Routledge Studies in the Philosophy of Religion) (p. 35). Taylor & Francis. Kindle Edition.

  • @fighterofthenightman1057
    @fighterofthenightman1057 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    There are a lot of intelligent, thoughtful and respectful atheists … but I’ve never seen a group with so many who are SO confident they’re right and yet don’t even understand the nature of the question. Things like “Who created God?” or “I just believe in one less god than you” immediately indicate you’re talking to a simpleton. His arguments aren’t much better.

  • @davidjanbaz7728
    @davidjanbaz7728 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    this video isn't lame! As a Protestant I do believe Molinism is a better understanding of God's knowledge than Calvin's point 5, in relation to Predestination/ Free will as stated by WLC.

  • @nickdriscoll6131
    @nickdriscoll6131 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I wondered something while watching this. If we are going to say that the Christian God is un unmoved mover who never changes and has no potential to change in Himself, it’s hard for me to square that with the idea that this God also became all man in Jesus, which seems like a fundamental change, let alone that this God also died and came back to life, which also seem like fundamental changes.

  • @kalabash72
    @kalabash72 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    None of this explains why a conscious being has to be the actualizier. At best it's a complex philosophical special pleading. Your invisible God should just end the debate of his existence by making himself known.

  • @frankperrella1202
    @frankperrella1202 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Love your channel Trent Horn 🙏👍 I found another channel that's Catholic he was showing you Trent Horn 😇 Called How to be Christian he's another good Catholic youtube channel & Catholic answers 🙏😇🗝️🗝️🛐📖⛪💯 Catholic 🛐 God bless

    • @fragwagon
      @fragwagon 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Trent is familiar with Ferris' channel. Trent is his nemesis.

    • @frankperrella1202
      @frankperrella1202 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@fragwagon Oh but they we are on the same team though 😇🗝️🗝️📖🙏⛪🛐💯 Catholic

    • @fragwagon
      @fragwagon 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@frankperrella1202 it's a running joke from Ferris.

  • @blutausbeherit
    @blutausbeherit 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Wait do you mean to tell me that an atheist youtuber fails to actually understand the arguments, throws out random fallacies to appease his audience, and accuses Christians of things he himself is guilty of??? Color me surprised.

  • @jhoughjr1
    @jhoughjr1 ปีที่แล้ว

    One issue to me is the mind seems to have potentials. Seems any mind would have to. So how can the uncaused cause be a mind?

  • @VictorianChinese1860
    @VictorianChinese1860 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    7:50 He just spoke Chinese

  • @jhoughjr1
    @jhoughjr1 ปีที่แล้ว

    THe unmoved mover would still exist, becuase its one attriutes is it must exist.
    That is how it exists without cause.

  • @willdaugherty2842
    @willdaugherty2842 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    watching this and i’m baffled that Woodford thinks his responses are logical at all.
    Two specifically that stand out are the circle of gears and the heated metal rod. It seems almost as if he didn’t think about these before spewing them out to the world.
    Sadly, many people take his views at face value.