vector atom model malayalam

Vector atom model
Atomic model was put forward by Uhlenbeck, Goudsmit in 1926.
Vector atom model explain the structure of atom based on two concept.
Spatial quantization
Spinning of electron
Spatial quantization
According to spatial quantization not only the magnitude but also the direction of orbits are quantized.
Spinning of electron-
The electron orbiting the nucleus also spins about its own axis.
Since the electron have charge ,a magnetic moment is associated with each spinning electron.
Thus the angular momentum of the atom is the sum of orbital angular momentum and spin angular momentum.
Quantum numbers
The quantum number associated with vector atom model are,
The principal quantum number
Orbital quantum number
The spin quantum number
The total angular momentum quantum number
Magnetic orbit quantum number
Magnetic spin quantum number
Magnetic total angular momentum quantum number.
The principal quantum number(n)
This quantum number belongs to the principal orbit to which the electron belongs.
It takes only integral values excluding zero.
The angular momentum of the electron in the orbit is nh/2π.
Orbital quantum number( l )
This quantum number defines the shape of orbital occupied by the electron.
It takes all the integral value from zero to n minus 1
The spin quantum number(s)
This quantum number defined the spin of the electron about its own axis.
If the spin of the electron is in clockwise value of s is +1/2.
If the spin of electron is in anti-clockwise the value of the s is -1/2.
The total angular momentum quantum number(j)
It is the vector sum of orbital and spin quantum momenta.
If l and s are in the same direction then j=l+s
If l and S are in the opposite direction then j=l-s.
Magnetic orbit quantum number
The projection of orbital quantum number l along the direction of the magnetic field is the magnetic quantum number ml.
ml can take integral values such as l,(l-2),(l-3)……..+1,0,-1,-2……..-l.
Magnetic spin quantum number(ms)
This is the projection of the spin quantum number in the field direction.
ms can have value +1/2and -1/2.
Magnetic total angular momentum quantum number.
It indicate the projection of total angular momentum vector.