2:40 does not the law of conservation of energy tell us that the energy of the system shall remain cosntant? The PE is getting converted into the KE. how come the total energy has decreased?
@@dragonfly9786 in this case total energy = internal energy, which in this example consists only of potential energy. Yes the energy is conserved, but it is turned into kinetic energy.
Dear Paul + your esteemed audience, First of all, many sincere thanks for your collective efforts! You attempt to explain Gibbs Free Energy. You begin by using three spontaneous reactions to explain how a change in enthalpy, entropy and temperature can affect the free energy of a system. You then apply this concept to cellular respiration and photosynthesis. ...sounds terrific, but even big scientific research workers' brains had and still have to stumble herewith... In fact, Prof. Gibbs had learned what ENTROPY exactly IS while attending chemical thermodynamics lectures by Prof. Horstmann in Heidelberg, whereas Prof. Horstmann was one of the very students of Prof. Clausius. Prof. Gibbs was duly heading for the proper embodiment of the Clausius-Horstmann ideas (in fact, Carnot-Clausius-Horstmann ideas, to be correct!), but he had not enough time for accomplishing this, to our sincere regret... Dr. George Augustus Linhart was one of the very rare true followers to Prof. Gibbs, but he had very bad luck... ...It's a truly long and interesting story - hence, some kind of a concise clarification ought to be urgently necessary! So, captain, AHOY! A. There is ONLY ONE BASIC, fundamental Energy Conservation and Transformation Law. It is definitely unique and conceptually indivisible delivering two logically joint concepts - these are Energy Conservation - and Energy Transformation. Still, a more-then-100-years-old conceptual failure has brought us to two separate thermodynamic laws - but this has nothing in common with the actual physics. To come back, they have coined two more fake thermodynamic laws, employed the Probability Theory + Mathematical Statistics, and this has helped formulate the Quantum Mechanics, which is thus a basically metaphysical conceptual construction - and, hence, ought to be only restrictedly fruitful. B. By dividing the basically indivisible law, you are touching Combinatorics, you are touching Probability Theory, you are even stepping back to Thermodynamics for a while, but... You are NOT answering the poser: WHAT IS ENTROPY, sorry! 1. In the formula S = kB * ln(Ω) you do imply, Ω means not a "Huge Number of Microstates", not "Probability", which numerically ranges between [0,1], not even "Wavefunction", which ought to be a purely metaphysical notion, as it is... In effect, Ω ought to be a simplistic algebraic function of Lord Kelvin's Absolute Temperature. This result has been published 100 years ago in JACS by Dr. George Augustus Linhart. 2. WHAT-ENTROPY-IS-poser has been answered not by Clausius, not by Boltzmann, etc., but by Goethe, who has introduced Mephistopheles, the philosophical embodiment of ENTROPY. 3. Newton did basically know WHAT ENTROPY IS - A Counteraction. 4. That Counteractions do not grow to infinity with the growing Actions, but MUST reach their MAXIMUM values, is the result by Nicky Carnot, which has been formalized by Clausius... 5. In effect, J. W. Gibbs Free Energy formula: (ΔG = U + pV - TS, .i.e., ΔG = H - TS, where U is the internal energy (SI unit: joule), p is pressure (SI unit: pascal), V is volume (SI unit: m3 = m*m*m), T is the temperature (SI unit: kelvin), S is the entropy (SI unit: joule per kelvin), H is the enthalpy (SI unit: joule)) renders implicit the interplay among ALL the relevant Actions (the Enthalpic term) and ALL the pertinent Counteractions (the Entropic term). 6. The standard approach you are reporting about is OK for the implicit Enthalpy-Entropy picture, employing it, e.g., for studying reaction mechanism details is likewise eating soup with a fork. The above is about "Entropy" in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, etc., etc., etc. ... Entropy in other fields: Be aware of a powerful trend to build up misnomers in many other fields, for Entropy is the proper term solely for the "Energy Transformation", whatever nature/origin this energy might be of. The Arrow of Time: This is not due solely to Entropy, but owing to Eternal Entropy-Enthalpy Compensation. This is why, the Heat Death morons are proclaiming over and over again ought to be just a useless legacy.
Most important addition to the above ought to be the notions of Potential and Kinetic Energies. Potential Energy: a kind of money on our bank account. Where does it come from? More general: Potential Energy in any system does come from interaction among the subsystems of the system. Moron textbooks try to persuade you of "isolated systems" - do never believe such fiddlesticks! Everything is more or less correlated in the Universe. Potential Energy is transformable into Kinetic Energy. Kinetic Energy: the EFFECT of money on our bank account. Its ancient name - VIS VIVA - i.e., the livening/driving force. THIS is about ENTHALPY. Any EFFECT/ACTION MUST DEAL WITH COUNTERACTIONS: obstacles, hindrances, resistances... THIS is about ENTROPY. THIS is just what J. W. Gibbs Free Energy formula renders implicit. If you would not like 'eating soup with a fork', you must consider ENTHALPY and ENTROPY explicitly,🧐
As a Physics teacher I must say that your method of teaching entropy is really thoughtfully prepared and excellently presented. It makes it accessible to students.
A great teacher indeed! This issue is a nightmare for every higher Chemistry student. Many thanks Sir for your wonderful examples and splendid explanations!
I love your videos.....when you can explain something using everyday examples, rather than scientific jargon straight up, it makes the scientific jargon so much easier to comprehend. I wish all teachers used examples like yourself. Thank you again for a awesome video :)
I know he probably doesn't need it at all BUT IS THERE ANY WAY TO DONATE SOME MONEY TO THIS GUY?! I really really appreciate his stuff and I want to support his work. Can't even imagine how studying some of these things would be without him.
I am a freshman taking biology and frankly I'm a little lost sometimes, my teacher gave us a project and part was to explain the terms ATP, Endergonic, Exergonic, and free energy. The other part is explaining what these mean in reference to cellular respiration and photosynthesis. I have looked through lots of the internet, databases, and textbooks and this was the one thing I found that I understood and it answered all my questions so thank you.
I'm about ten steps closer to fully understanding this concept after watching such a short clip. I can't thank you enough. work like yours makes intellectual discourses accessible to the masses! This is amazing. You're amazing. I love you.
I'm a supplemental instructor for a biology 1 course and I'm going to show this to my students today! Best explanation I've ever heard for free energy.
thanx for the music in begining to energetic me to understand what is free energy...i always obey ur all concepts...(STOP MEMORISING START UNDERSTANDING)
This was an awsome video I appreciate all the effort :) but I have one nitpick, I think that it's dangerous to say energy is stored in bonds because you can cause confusion by saying that the energy is stored and that the breaking of those bond releases energy when in fact the formation of bonds is what gives off the energy and the breaking of bonds is what requires energy. the energy given off or required is strictly the energy differences between the reactants and products ;)
This explanation is very interesting and fun for me and it’s very helpful because it’s a little difficult to find some applications in nature except examples of some mechanical systems although I learned Gibbs free energy in thermodynamics in physics. Thank you for uploading this video.
- Kinetic energy (KE): it is energy stored in the motion of the object (the ball in this case). At the start the ball has no speed. KE = 0. The ball has its KE going up while going down the slide. However as the ball stops at the end, the KE decreased again until it is equal to 0. So globally, the KE of the whole process is equal to 0. - The potential energy (PE): is equivalent to the interaction between the ball, and the other masses surrounding. The main PE source is the gravitational force.
Thank you, thank you, thank you. Out of many texts and videos, this the first time I understand it. The problem, indeed is the use of "free". Because it is wrong! The cost is that the energy had to be put in, in the first place.
Alright, imagine throwing a party. Gibbs free energy is like a party budget. If the budget is negative, it means your party is happening spontaneously - people are excited and things are happening on their own. If it's positive, you might need to put in some effort (add energy) to get the party started. If it's zero, the party is in a balanced state. So, in chemistry, a negative Gibbs free energy means a reaction can occur on its own, while a positive value may need a push, like adding heat or other energy. It's all about the energy dance at the molecular party!
im thankful..for your great lecture ..sir..im struggle from few days about the basics of gibbs free energy which i missed in gardute level..thank you .so much .sir
Actually, the breakdown of ATP requires an input of energy (all breakages are endergonic). The formation of ADP and Pi, by hydrolysis, is, in fact, what realeases a greater amount of energy (molecules formations are all exergonic), so that the net delta G becomes negative.
I'm from Brasil...I teach Biology and Chemistry and sorry for my bad English but I'd like to say that your explanation was very good...in Chemistry this kind of reaction is called endotermica ou exotermica but in biological system we say as you did endergônica e exegôrnica...these words came from latin and portuguese is similar to latin...than is easy to understand...congratulations!!!
When the ball comes down and stops magically as it is shown in the video, I think it does. But I'd like to hear your argument on where it increases in that system.
The whole point of the lecture is to explain what usable energy is, and when it becomes available or gets 'used up'. When the ball goes down the slide it does lose usable energy because the friction forces that decelerate it dissipate the energy through out the metal structure of the slide, which then gets transferred to the earth and gases in the atmosphere (since metals transfer heat efficiently). This inevitably dissipates from the earth as blackbody radiation and is spread throughout the universe, thus being rendered unusable...for now.
Tom Johnson You took the (Delta)G of 3 different reactions.... What?? Isn't that an improper usage of the equation? The gravitational potential energy in the ball on the slide is CONVERTED to kinetic energy. No actual change in energy of the ball other than maybe friction but it is negligible because the diagram in the diagram shown the ball stops also in a rotatory object such as a sphere because the ball is not slid along the slide it spins along the surface. I think what you were trying to explain is that (delta)G is the energy that you get from taking the potential energy of an object and using it and then converting it back. I have never studied Gibbs or have even heard of it but I think I got the concept better from what I learned here better than the average viewer because it was not explained in the most basic sense in enough detail. But I could be just as easily be very wrong. You explained the concept well but there is no continuity in the explanation of why... Only this is how things are. I dont know how anyone can learn why the equation works, if it is not explained. Also I am only 17 years old and am surprised that this is not caught by many more viewers.
I was wondering the same thing myself. Just from looking at my textbook, free energy was labeled as energy that was available to do work, so in other words, it's energy ready to be converted to kinetic energy. I think that delta H, enthalpy, is preferred to as the amount of potential energy. That's my opinion.
This force equals mass*gravitational acceleration*z which is the vertical position. During the whole process, the ball has its vertical position decreasing. Hence the PE decreases (z
I guess a lot of people are confused about the slide example and so I'll try to clarify: He said the total energy of the system (the ball) decreased, not the total energy of _everything_. as in: the energy has been lost from the system, i.e. the ball, as it has come to a stop and reached a stable, stationary, low energy state after all that movement. The energy it lost to reach a position of rest (through friction etc) is the same energy the surroundings gained. Hence: - the system's (the ball) energy reduced - the surrounding's energy increased by the same magnitude Conclusion: total energy of the system+surroundings remained the same but the total energy of system (ball) reduced.
I appreciate the effort you put into this video; however, as a student that was always confused by this in lower level science courses, it might help if you corrected a few things or went into better detail. You should really talk about the breaking of bonds being endothermic and the formation of bonds a exothermic .. and then show that the formation of bonds releases more energy than the intake of breaking bonds requires energy. If you do this there will be less confusion. Here, you are being vague and implying that exothermic and exergonic reactions are the same. In fact, you and I know they are not. Energy release and spontaneity are not interchangeable, solely related. It only works in the glucose example because the enthalpy is negative and the entropy is positive. Maybe you could go into better detail? Then your students would not need to memorize but they could grasp the concept for a full understanding of what it going on in your examples. Also, a ball rolling down a slide is not the best example. Although it was a good attempt at explaining change in total energy of a system or change in enthalpy, the change in Potential Energy is a conversational force, therefore the total energy is conserved (going into friction/kinetics) and the total energy of the entire system (in this case it would include the surroundings of the ball) because it is quite open a system. Furthermore, if you want to explain it in a better format but still use the 'ball rolling down a slide' example, you could use the Potential energy difference between the initial state of the ball at the top of the slide and the final state of the ball at the bottom of the slide. As the final PE-initial PE = change in Enthalpy for a reaction or Process. Enthalpy speaks of energy in states of some process and/or transfer. I propose you try to explaining this in the form of a hot cup of coffee (with a closed lid; resulting in no flow of steam/matter into its surroundings): the energy of this closed system can flow from a hot concentrated cup (low Entropy) out into the open surroundings (higher Entropy --higher dispersion of heat="disorder"). The Enthalpy of this system (inside the cup) is going from a state of high heat to a state of low heat at a constant pressure. The heat transfer in the"cooling" of the coffee would satisfy the example of enthalpy. And in this example Enthalpy is negative and entropy is positive, making the total free energy of the process go down. Also, Energy never really gets used up, it is always converted and/or given off into another form of energy. Like caterpillars and butterflies. And KUDOS on the explanation of the Gibbs free energy equation!
So what I think I learned from this video is that Gibbs free energy is the energy available for work. Now I used to think that the heat released by a reaction (enthalpy) was the energy available for work. I think I had Gibbs and Enthalpy mixed up enthalpy. Enthalpy is just heat. I think I'm starting to fit the puzzle together.
a very insightful lecture. one thing i could not get that in photosynthesis, the reaction is not feasible at all. how would you explain this whole thing? although, with respect to the activation barrier the product formation is feasible.
When the ball rolls down the slide, it seems to me only the potential energy decreases, while the kinetic energy actually increases. Is enthalpy, therefore, equivalent to potential energy?
If free energy is used to complete reactions that produce or require reactions, how is that different from enthalpy that that measures energy gained or lost when bonds are created or broken?
Dear friend, is it possible to put in text, as much as ... , because the English of mine is it low, so I am asking support often from text translators. Thank you!
Honestly, this is the first time I've understood what's going on when someone says "Gibbs free energy." An absolute legend
2:40
does not the law of conservation of energy tell us that the energy of the system shall remain cosntant?
The PE is getting converted into the KE.
how come the total energy has decreased?
@@dragonfly9786 in this case total energy = internal energy, which in this example consists only of potential energy. Yes the energy is conserved, but it is turned into kinetic energy.
Thank you for the hip music in the intro. I got to have a short dance before I got back to studying.
+CrushOfSiel lol
😂😂😂
I would like your comment but it's at 200 likes.
🕺
I cant believe this is 11 years old, I wish I had saw Mr Andersons videos a long time ago. He is awesome.
Dear Paul + your esteemed audience,
First of all, many sincere thanks for your collective efforts!
You attempt to explain Gibbs Free Energy. You begin by using three spontaneous reactions to explain how a change in enthalpy, entropy and temperature can affect the free energy of a system. You then apply this concept to cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
...sounds terrific, but even big scientific research workers' brains had and still have to stumble herewith...
In fact, Prof. Gibbs had learned what ENTROPY exactly IS while attending chemical thermodynamics lectures by Prof. Horstmann in Heidelberg, whereas Prof. Horstmann was one of the very students of Prof. Clausius.
Prof. Gibbs was duly heading for the proper embodiment of the Clausius-Horstmann ideas (in fact, Carnot-Clausius-Horstmann ideas, to be correct!), but he had not enough time for accomplishing this, to our sincere regret...
Dr. George Augustus Linhart was one of the very rare true followers to Prof. Gibbs, but he had very bad luck...
...It's a truly long and interesting story - hence, some kind of a concise clarification ought to be urgently necessary!
So, captain, AHOY!
A. There is ONLY ONE BASIC, fundamental Energy Conservation and Transformation Law. It is definitely unique and conceptually indivisible delivering two logically joint concepts - these are Energy Conservation - and Energy Transformation. Still, a more-then-100-years-old conceptual failure has brought us to two separate thermodynamic laws - but this has nothing in common with the actual physics. To come back, they have coined two more fake thermodynamic laws, employed the Probability Theory + Mathematical Statistics, and this has helped formulate the Quantum Mechanics, which is thus a basically metaphysical conceptual construction - and, hence, ought to be only restrictedly fruitful.
B. By dividing the basically indivisible law, you are touching Combinatorics, you are touching Probability Theory, you are even stepping back to Thermodynamics for a while, but...
You are NOT answering the poser: WHAT IS ENTROPY, sorry!
1. In the formula S = kB * ln(Ω) you do imply, Ω means not a "Huge Number of Microstates", not "Probability", which numerically ranges between [0,1], not even "Wavefunction", which ought to be a purely metaphysical notion, as it is... In effect, Ω ought to be a simplistic algebraic function of Lord Kelvin's Absolute Temperature. This result has been published 100 years ago in JACS by Dr. George Augustus Linhart.
2. WHAT-ENTROPY-IS-poser has been answered not by Clausius, not by Boltzmann, etc., but by Goethe, who has introduced Mephistopheles, the philosophical embodiment of ENTROPY.
3. Newton did basically know WHAT ENTROPY IS - A Counteraction.
4. That Counteractions do not grow to infinity with the growing Actions, but MUST reach their MAXIMUM values, is the result by Nicky Carnot, which has been formalized by Clausius...
5. In effect, J. W. Gibbs Free Energy formula:
(ΔG = U + pV - TS, .i.e.,
ΔG = H - TS, where
U is the internal energy (SI unit: joule),
p is pressure (SI unit: pascal),
V is volume (SI unit: m3 = m*m*m),
T is the temperature (SI unit: kelvin),
S is the entropy (SI unit: joule per kelvin),
H is the enthalpy (SI unit: joule))
renders implicit the interplay among ALL the relevant Actions (the Enthalpic term) and ALL the pertinent Counteractions (the Entropic term).
6. The standard approach you are reporting about is OK for the implicit Enthalpy-Entropy picture, employing it, e.g., for studying reaction mechanism details is likewise eating soup with a fork.
The above is about "Entropy" in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, etc., etc., etc. ...
Entropy in other fields:
Be aware of a powerful trend to build up misnomers in many other fields, for Entropy is the proper term solely for the "Energy Transformation", whatever nature/origin this energy might be of.
The Arrow of Time: This is not due solely to Entropy, but owing to Eternal Entropy-Enthalpy Compensation. This is why, the Heat Death morons are proclaiming over and over again ought to be just a useless legacy.
Most important addition to the above ought to be the notions of Potential and Kinetic Energies.
Potential Energy: a kind of money on our bank account. Where does it come from?
More general: Potential Energy in any system does come from interaction among the subsystems of the system.
Moron textbooks try to persuade you of "isolated systems" - do never believe such fiddlesticks! Everything is more or less correlated in the Universe.
Potential Energy is transformable into Kinetic Energy.
Kinetic Energy: the EFFECT of money on our bank account. Its ancient name - VIS VIVA - i.e., the livening/driving force. THIS is about ENTHALPY.
Any EFFECT/ACTION MUST DEAL WITH COUNTERACTIONS: obstacles, hindrances, resistances... THIS is about ENTROPY.
THIS is just what J. W. Gibbs Free Energy formula renders implicit. If you would not like 'eating soup with a fork', you must consider ENTHALPY and ENTROPY explicitly,🧐
the world would be so much smarter if we got to have teachers like you!
As a Physics teacher I must say that your method of teaching entropy is really thoughtfully prepared and excellently presented. It makes it accessible to students.
A great teacher indeed! This issue is a nightmare for every higher Chemistry student. Many thanks Sir for your wonderful examples and splendid explanations!
I love your videos.....when you can explain something using everyday examples, rather than scientific jargon straight up, it makes the scientific jargon so much easier to comprehend. I wish all teachers used examples like yourself. Thank you again for a awesome video :)
I know he probably doesn't need it at all BUT IS THERE ANY WAY TO DONATE SOME MONEY TO THIS GUY?!
I really really appreciate his stuff and I want to support his work. Can't even imagine how studying some of these things would be without him.
+CavemanZipper www.bozemanscience.com/donate/
just watch a ton of ads
W!llxX k I.
Share his work, he willl get kick backs from the views from you sharing
I am a freshman taking biology and frankly I'm a little lost sometimes, my teacher gave us a project and part was to explain the terms ATP, Endergonic, Exergonic, and free energy. The other part is explaining what these mean in reference to cellular respiration and photosynthesis. I have looked through lots of the internet, databases, and textbooks and this was the one thing I found that I understood and it answered all my questions so thank you.
Thank you so much for your videos. Your videos combined with Tyler De Witt's videos are making my correspondence biochemistry possible to understand.
I'm about ten steps closer to fully understanding this concept after watching such a short clip. I can't thank you enough. work like yours makes intellectual discourses accessible to the masses!
This is amazing. You're amazing. I love you.
Literally, in my senior year for biochem and I have never been able to make sense of this. Thank you.
FINALLY A TEACHER THAT KNOWS MORE THAN JUST DEFINITIONS. THANK YOU!
I'm a supplemental instructor for a biology 1 course and I'm going to show this to my students today! Best explanation I've ever heard for free energy.
Sometimes I think I learn more from TH-cam then my teachers.
That was just a 'thought' in the past but now... after 7 years... it has become a fact.
You are the reason why I made it into university, bless your soul
thanx for the music in begining to energetic me to understand what is free energy...i always obey ur all concepts...(STOP MEMORISING START UNDERSTANDING)
Thanks a lot man. Now my mind's entropy decreases. You have cleared such complicated terms in an awesome way
This was an awsome video I appreciate all the effort :) but I have one nitpick, I think that it's dangerous to say energy is stored in bonds because you can cause confusion by saying that the energy is stored and that the breaking of those bond releases energy when in fact the formation of bonds is what gives off the energy and the breaking of bonds is what requires energy. the energy given off or required is strictly the energy differences between the reactants and products ;)
you literally saved my life for bio and i'm getting a 97 because of you. thank you so much!
You sir know how to teach. I wish more so-called teachers would take note.
This is super helpful! I am a student from Taiwan. I am blessed to watch this awesome video.
Great work ! Love the addition of natural world examples to Gibbs.
Wow, I understand it so much better by now! Thank you so much for this video!
For the first time in my life i hv understood what Gibbs free energy really is without a doubt!. Damn,Thank you!,,
best explanation i've ever seen
This explanation is very interesting and fun for me and it’s very helpful because it’s a little difficult to find some applications in nature except examples of some mechanical systems although I learned Gibbs free energy in thermodynamics in physics.
Thank you for uploading this video.
- Kinetic energy (KE): it is energy stored in the motion of the object (the ball in this case). At the start the ball has no speed. KE = 0. The ball has its KE going up while going down the slide. However as the ball stops at the end, the KE decreased again until it is equal to 0. So globally, the KE of the whole process is equal to 0.
- The potential energy (PE): is equivalent to the interaction between the ball, and the other masses surrounding. The main PE source is the gravitational force.
I just want to say that GOD LITERALLY BLESS YOU. I had a rough time understanding this conceopt
GFE turns out to be simple to understand once you have a good teacher!
Thank you, thank you, thank you. Out of many texts and videos, this the first time I understand it. The problem, indeed is the use of "free". Because it is wrong! The cost is that the energy had to be put in, in the first place.
Alright, imagine throwing a party. Gibbs free energy is like a party budget. If the budget is negative, it means your party is happening spontaneously - people are excited and things are happening on their own. If it's positive, you might need to put in some effort (add energy) to get the party started. If it's zero, the party is in a balanced state. So, in chemistry, a negative Gibbs free energy means a reaction can occur on its own, while a positive value may need a push, like adding heat or other energy. It's all about the energy dance at the molecular party!
Woooow the lesson is amazing... learning this is simply a spontaneous process
You are really a perfect teacher. Thanks a ton to God to sent you on Earth
This video is so helpful i couldnt grasp the concept but the video helped a lot, my teacher doesnt teach much lol
im thankful..for your great lecture ..sir..im struggle from few days about the basics of gibbs free energy which i missed in gardute level..thank you .so much
.sir
Actually, the breakdown of ATP requires an input of energy (all breakages are endergonic). The formation of ADP and Pi, by hydrolysis, is, in fact, what realeases a greater amount of energy (molecules formations are all exergonic), so that the net delta G becomes negative.
thank you soooo much for this! this was the one thing i really needed brushing up on before the ap bio exam, now i think i've got it! :)
I'm from Brasil...I teach Biology and Chemistry and sorry for my bad English but I'd like to say that your explanation was very good...in Chemistry this kind of reaction is called endotermica ou exotermica but in biological system we say as you did endergônica e exegôrnica...these words came from latin and portuguese is similar to latin...than is easy to understand...congratulations!!!
Oh man, you r great.
1st time got some understanding of dG, other wise it was just useless(?) equation for me.
Thanks for posting this stuff
Thanks a lot... Gibbs free energy concept was always such a confusion for me.. u made it very clear & easy to understand..
Thank you VERY much Mr. Andersen. it helped me a lot...
Thank you! You are more articulate and distinct to the topic than @khanacademy.
It's soooo easy to understand.....
Thank you for cracking that big problematic topic into simpler one.
Wonderful explanation of natural phenomenons ,,,, nice video
Sir, I beg to differ with you. The total energy of the system does not decrease when the ball slides down.
When the ball comes down and stops magically as it is shown in the video, I think it does. But I'd like to hear your argument on where it increases in that system.
The whole point of the lecture is to explain what usable energy is, and when it becomes available or gets 'used up'. When the ball goes down the slide it does lose usable energy because the friction forces that decelerate it dissipate the energy through out the metal structure of the slide, which then gets transferred to the earth and gases in the atmosphere (since metals transfer heat efficiently). This inevitably dissipates from the earth as blackbody radiation and is spread throughout the universe, thus being rendered unusable...for now.
Tom Johnson You took the (Delta)G of 3 different reactions.... What?? Isn't that an improper usage of the equation? The gravitational potential energy in the ball on the slide is CONVERTED to kinetic energy. No actual change in energy of the ball other than maybe friction but it is negligible because the diagram in the diagram shown the ball stops also in a rotatory object such as a sphere because the ball is not slid along the slide it spins along the surface. I think what you were trying to explain is that (delta)G is the energy that you get from taking the potential energy of an object and using it and then converting it back. I have never studied Gibbs or have even heard of it but I think I got the concept better from what I learned here better than the average viewer because it was not explained in the most basic sense in enough detail. But I could be just as easily be very wrong. You explained the concept well but there is no continuity in the explanation of why... Only this is how things are. I dont know how anyone can learn why the equation works, if it is not explained. Also I am only 17 years old and am surprised that this is not caught by many more viewers.
I was going to say that
the total energy of the ball is decreased and is released to the surroundings
Extremely grateful to you. Greatly explained. Huge thanks 😊
Thank you very much, best video found about free energy
Made so simple and clear, thanks so much
I was wondering the same thing myself. Just from looking at my textbook, free energy was labeled as energy that was available to do work, so in other words, it's energy ready to be converted to kinetic energy. I think that delta H, enthalpy, is preferred to as the amount of potential energy. That's my opinion.
the total energy of ball sliding down does not decrease only potential energy decreases and the energy gets converted into kinetic energy
Thank you for the great explanation! I was getting so confused in my chem class!
This force equals mass*gravitational acceleration*z which is the vertical position. During the whole process, the ball has its vertical position decreasing. Hence the PE decreases (z
I guess a lot of people are confused about the slide example and so I'll try to clarify:
He said the total energy of the system (the ball) decreased, not the total energy of _everything_.
as in: the energy has been lost from the system, i.e. the ball, as it has come to a stop and reached a stable, stationary, low energy state after all that movement. The energy it lost to reach a position of rest (through friction etc) is the same energy the surroundings gained.
Hence:
- the system's (the ball) energy reduced
- the surrounding's energy increased by the same magnitude
Conclusion: total energy of the system+surroundings remained the same but the total energy of system (ball) reduced.
I appreciate the effort you put into this video; however, as a student that was always confused by this in lower level science courses, it might help if you corrected a few things or went into better detail.
You should really talk about the breaking of bonds being endothermic and the formation of bonds a exothermic .. and then show that the formation of bonds releases more energy than the intake of breaking bonds requires energy.
If you do this there will be less confusion. Here, you are being vague and implying that exothermic and exergonic reactions are the same. In fact, you and I know they are not. Energy release and spontaneity are not interchangeable, solely related. It only works in the glucose example because the enthalpy is negative and the entropy is positive.
Maybe you could go into better detail? Then your students would not need to memorize but they could grasp the concept for a full understanding of what it going on in your examples.
Also, a ball rolling down a slide is not the best example. Although it was a good attempt at explaining change in total energy of a system or change in enthalpy, the change in Potential Energy is a conversational force, therefore the total energy is conserved (going into friction/kinetics) and the total energy of the entire system (in this case it would include the surroundings of the ball) because it is quite open a system. Furthermore, if you want to explain it in a better format but still use the 'ball rolling down a slide' example, you could use the Potential energy difference between the initial state of the ball at the top of the slide and the final state of the ball at the bottom of the slide. As the final PE-initial PE = change in Enthalpy for a reaction or Process. Enthalpy speaks of energy in states of some process and/or transfer.
I propose you try to explaining this in the form of a hot cup of coffee (with a closed lid; resulting in no flow of steam/matter into its surroundings): the energy of this closed system can flow from a hot concentrated cup (low Entropy) out into the open surroundings (higher Entropy --higher dispersion of heat="disorder"). The Enthalpy of this system (inside the cup) is going from a state of high heat to a state of low heat at a constant pressure. The heat transfer in the"cooling" of the coffee would satisfy the example of enthalpy.
And in this example Enthalpy is negative and entropy is positive, making the total free energy of the process go down.
Also, Energy never really gets used up, it is always converted and/or given off into another form of energy. Like caterpillars and butterflies.
And KUDOS on the explanation of the Gibbs free energy equation!
good job linking concepts
Thanks for your videos! Best Chem videos online for MCAT prep!
Thank you Soo much sir ,,, really best way of teaching
Your vid is awesome man, I hope you can keep doing this kind of really useful stuff.
You are a brilliant teacher, thank you :) :) :)
Really good explanation, thank you!
So delta g is essentially change in energy of the system. I learned it with different terminology in chemistry last year.
this is my last time I'm ever taking an ap bio class but thanks for the vid!
Very very good It was just awesome....like seriously it's just fab the manner of teaching
Thankyou soo much I've had so much trouble trying to understand this
Thanks for posting. Good graphics of the concept!
Wow....saw this comment in 2020.....feeling happy to see this comment which was posted 9 years ago...i wish i could get a reply from you
Love this Video! It makes the jibberish I was reading totally understandable! Thank you, thank you, thank you!
You are Awsome dude!!!! I didn't get in 7 lecture that I got in 13 min.....Thanks
I wish my college professors to whom I paid thousands of dollars explained it as well as you did.
Great explanation! Thank you so much
Thank you! I've been struggling on this topic forever now. and it finally makes more sense :D
All the spontaneous processes are not heat releasing(exergonic),there are some processes which are endothermic and they are spontaneous.
+saurav malik
He says most release energy, not all.
He probably should of clarified that just a bit more though
Video was extremely helpful and easy to understand. Thank you!
Wonderful explanation, soooo simple, it forces anyone to understand :) thx sooooo much
So what I think I learned from this video is that Gibbs free energy is the energy available for work. Now I used to think that the heat released by a reaction (enthalpy) was the energy available for work. I think I had Gibbs and Enthalpy mixed up enthalpy. Enthalpy is just heat.
I think I'm starting to fit the puzzle together.
Amazing!!!! Thank you very much!
a very insightful lecture. one thing i could not get that in photosynthesis, the reaction is not feasible at all. how would you explain this whole thing? although, with respect to the activation barrier the product formation is feasible.
excellent explanation
Thnku Mr. Anderson
So far he taught better than my professor.
Thanks for your videos!!!
When the ball rolls down the slide, it seems to me only the potential energy decreases, while the kinetic energy actually increases. Is enthalpy, therefore, equivalent to potential energy?
Thanks a lot, I was reeaaally not getting Gibb's free energy.
thanks alot theacher
Thanks, I was stumped on this one question for my coursework
This was extremely helpful !God bless u
Well explained..........Good work
Extremely helpful video! Thank you!!
WOW! great teaching style! very helpful
thank you Mr Andersen !
you really make it easy !!
♥♥
great explaination
If free energy is used to complete reactions that produce or require reactions, how is that different from enthalpy that that measures energy gained or lost when bonds are created or broken?
It's a fantastic explanation ..thank you soo much ..its really helpful ....man u r great
Really great .....
great work man👍👍👍
Dear friend, is it possible to put in text, as much as ... , because the English of mine is it low, so I am asking support often from text translators.
Thank you!
click the CC button at the bottom of the video..subtitles should be there.
your are so cool , thank you very much , you let me understand it very well
Thank you for this video
thank you sir...