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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 ก.ย. 2024
- There's a lot of the universe that we've come to fully understand already-and some scientists suggest that we've arrived near “the end of physics.” But how is that possible? While physics is certainly at a turning point, there might still be more mysteries to uncover. Join Hank Green for an exciting new episode of SciShow!
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I'm going to wait until Physics is over then binge the whole thing...
A bit like the reason to why I never buy any gadgets I really like is because they haven't been invented yet.
that's a good excuse for my teacher for why I don't wanna learn any physics
time to move on
Your atoms will disperse back to the universe and you will be long dead before that ever happens.
I hope we're all still alive by then
It was the same when we came to an end of classical physics, we "knew everything" then quantum physics came and unleashed hell... we just need new math
It's not so much we know everything and more our limited understanding and tech is actually preventing us from learning more. So yeah... You are right and the end of physics statement is admitting that. It's not a declaration of we know everything.
@@brandonfrancis1941 or tech will be what we need to learn more
That’s not really true. Maxwell developed his equations about 50 years prior to Planck making the first quantization and statistical mechanics was developed in the decades leading up to quantum mechanics.
Quantum physics wasn't new math, it was new phenomenon
And a new philosophical paradigm. Every mathematical lead has a philosophical container to encompass it. It represents the scaffolding on which math is built around.
"Physics is like an onion. You peel it away layer by layer and maybe you cry a little."
@Mike B Ogres are like physics
Cry alot
Me writing my physics paper
Peeling an union isn´t too hard. Selling it afterwards is.
"Physics is like a hand grenade. You peel off the first layer and you get blown to bits."
"Have we reached the end of maths?" - "I dunno, keep counting, see what happens"
Anyone who says "we know everything" hasn't even begun to scratch the surface yet.
However, you can keep adding the numbers 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 +.. and at some point it's near enough.
That ignorance is what drives us towards progress. What happens when you finish Dark Souls? You download Ascended mod easy mode. Finish that? Download Ascended mod hard mode. Skill rises and progress slows down relative to your skill, we aren't being ignorant or presumptuous, we are still trying to understand gravity.
Then the Frankenstein of big medium and small.
Can't believe he said "before anyone converts to a biologist". I'm dead
Maybe he should go read Echopraxia...
@@ryanbrown982 That sounds like the name of a new Doom Metal band.
Lmfaooo
@@richardjones4259
That's a book by Peter Watts, same guy who wrote Blindsight, a book that challenges the importance of sapience and even sentience to the development of higher intelligence or even as an evolutionary advantage.
One of its assertions is that sapience and sentience could be more a hindrance to survival rather than enabling it and could just be a weird quirk of nature.
Lmao, that's what I'm thinking
Whenever we believe to have understood the world, it is immediately replaced by something infinitely more complex.
Actually its replaced by something finitely more complex, if it was infinitely more complex we wouldn't have figured it out.
@@thecoolaxolotlnova8523 It's a quote from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.
@@jackemled_but_gay you couldn't find a flaw with my argument.
@@thecoolaxolotlnova8523 The flaw was that you unironically took a quote from a Douglass Adams book seriously.
@@jackemled_but_gay thats not a flaw
A wise man once said: the more knowledge I attain about everything the more I realise that I know nothing.
@Antonio Santini understanding science is like falling into a rabbit hole, it isn't a paradox but rather an infinite reality.
@Antonio Santini inferiority complex is similar to what you described... but nonetheless one is psychology the other is reality expressed through science..... different pair of shoes.
I think you're referring to the Dunning-Kruger effect
knowledge is agnosticism
It was Socrates, the greek philosopher. And/or Laotse, the chinese philosopher.
Some folks: "We're nearing the end of physics!"
Dark matter and energy: "...Do we not exist? Are we a joke to you all?"
Midnight24435 Does it? Isn’t it a theory?
@@MinkCR they are more like "placeholders" for stuff that we can't observe directly; yet seems to account for a VAST amount of gravitational effects in the observable universe. of course, it is also perfectly possible that there is some as-yet unknown effect that simply caused our measurements to be off by quite a bit, so there's also that.
@@alveolate or gravity(the math) is just wrong, possibly a close approximation of what we should be using and even useful at scales comparable to our selves but incorrect nonetheless.
@@japr1223 That is pretty unlikely, partially because we managed to find a galaxy without dark matter (astronomy.com/news/2019/10/hubble-reveals-that-galaxies-without-dark-matter-really-exist). But even if it is true that gravity does not work in the way we assume and doesn't even work the same way everywhere (which would be an assumpption needed to explain that oddball galaxy if there were no dark matter), that would only prove the point that physics is not concluded in any way.
Also gravity in general, evolution, heliocentrism, plate tectonics and electromagnetism are all "just" theories, the fact that they have been proven repeatedly does not elevate them to some different level, they are still theories.
Sadly there is a prominent youtuber, who regularly comes up with hypotheses and claims them to be "just a theory", thereby massively conflating those two very different things.
Yes
“I think nature’s imagination is so much greater than man’s. She’s never going to let us relax.” -Richard Feynman
wrr, relaxed nmw, do things not nr about things
As a science fiction and fantasy author, yeah I can agree with that.
By far my favorite quote from Feynman.
You have an interesting profile picture, my good sir!
did nature invent internet and video games? i dont think so. humans imagination is superior
There's so much more to do in physics outside of the 'fundamental realm'. My area is liquid state physics. It has taken nearly 70 years of dedicated work and we still can't fully describe the thermodynamic properties of a glass of water. Go figure
I've heard similar criticisms about how much focus the "fundamental realm" (as you call it) gets in relation to other forms of physics. I'm just a working-class schmuck so I can't really address the issue but from my perspective it seems like there are a lot of important discoveries to be made in areas of research like liquid state physics. On the other hand I think there's something fundamentally appealing (you see what I did there?) about understanding the fundamental realm. The way I see it, it's science's answer to a lot of the religious and philosophical issues humanity has been dealing with for centuries. The fundamental realm provides the basic ("basic" meaning "foundational" not "simple") answers to questions about existence itself that humans seem to find endlessly fascinating.
Forget about anything else, the problem of how a bicycle remains stable while moving forward is still much debated in physics.... and it falls under simple mechanics....
I’m a “fundamental” physicist and I support this message. There’s a lot more to physics than just describing the biggest and smallest things in the universe. Semiconductors, quantum computing, quantum communication, geophysics, biophysics… loads of areas that have more day to day relevance than my passion.
But no, fundamental physics isn’t going anywhere either. We have a good number of leads to follow up…
This is probably a good sign of new things to come. Scientists instead of just moving forward may need now to move "sideways" to keep moving, making them find new theories and new questions to ask.
Yea look at it from a different, possibly even contradictory, perspective
@@Secret_Takodachi Exactly, you need to think in 11 dimensions, at least.
We may have to rethink concepts like the fundamental nature of space and time before we can make progress. Creating untestable theories using esoteric math in an attempt to hack together quantum mechanics and general relativity seems like the wrong approach. Scientific theories must be testable, otherwise it isn't science.
True
We have to start to challenge our current rules of physics and break them like what Einstein did, as Long as it may take
Humans: “Why haven’t aliens visited?”
Aliens: “They don’t even know what dark energy is?”
Humans: “Look, we put one block on top of another.”
Considering that earth has been home to unintelligent lifeforms for billions of years, I think aliens would be quite impressed if we went from dumb monkeys to today's civilization in only ~12 thousand years.
Obito Sigma yeah cuz we didn’t do that. Megalithic city sized, post hunter gatherer civilization likely has existed for 50k years
@@sean3533 What are you on
Obito Sigma eNLiGhtEnmEnt
@@sean3533 Ah... I see you're an alumni of youtube university
Remember the last time people said “Current physics can explain everything!” and then relativity and quantum mechanics happened? Good times…
Yes, they... mentioned that in the video.
Quamtum Mechanics and General Relativity have been at odds for nearly 80 years now...
I remember that as well as I remember yesterday.
I really should have had less to drink.
You find me someone still alive to remember that and ill pay you lol. Thats assuming they actually remember 😂
But it could explain practically everything, in the range of almost all of everyday experience.
You notice Quantum Mechanics only in very specific scenarios (even if we now know of its consequences in the everyday life) and the same is true of Relativity.
So if indeed our current Physics is not completely appropriate to reality, the changes we will make to the theory will describe only very difficult to reach situations, as it was when they had to admit the existence of electrons and other quantum phenomena.
I had never heard of "the end of physics" and actually thought you meant that our understanding breaks down at black holes and the big bang.
The other option was simply just too silly to even consider
“There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and more precise measurement.”
- Lord Kelvin, 1900.
:O
Yeah. I don’t know how the script writers missed that golden quote.
@@Tetracarbon Because there are no evidence that he said that. The Michelson-Morley experiment was already conducted years prior, and Kelvin being a prominent physicist was well aware of that. In fact, in his 1900 lecture "Nineteeth century clouds over the dynamic theory of heat and light", he talked about the results of the experiment, as well as the problems with infinite heat capacity, part of the ultraviolet catastrophe. The first of which was solved by Einstein's relativity, and the second by Planck's work which brought the advent of quantum mechanics.
Kelvin as temperature
and then general relativity happened
I dove into sooooo many physics-related wiki-holes while pausing this video, I ended up spending about an hour watching. Well-done, especially the visuals that communicate what you are saying in a different way. If you guys can afford creative visual aides like this more often, please do, but not just for bells and whistles!
Why did the biology teacher and the physics teacher break up?
Because they had no chemistry.
Because the physics teacher got tired of the standard model.
@@rjk0d48j27 wut
I thought its because their attraction was a weak force
Sebastian Elytron Fisic📈📈
You won internet today
Physics is like goku, whenever it's at limit it breaks it
It's still on ssj1
CaN hE bEaT gOkU tHo
When they know everything about dark matter and dark energy maybe they’ll be a little closer to the “end”
Shane K Can’t believe this wasn’t mentioned to illustrate the incompleteness
Yeah that stuff makes up like 96% of everything in the universe
In other news we've recently discovered a new phase of light. So yeah I'm going to go ahead and say that compared to the total amount of complexity in the universe, we're probably closer to the stone age than to the end of physics.
In the early days of physics it was commonly assumed that matter was simple. That all matter could be boiled down to one or two simple individual things. The reality is just the opposite. Ordinary matter is very complex and it took many different men centuries building on the work of others to explain as much as we have.
I see this same presumption being made about dark matter and energy. Like all d.m. is all made up of the same one thing. Same with energy. If those things are as complex as ordinary matter then it would take a long, long time to fully understand the many different types of d.m. and d.e. that actually exist. We may be millennia away from that...
dark matter is ez theres NOTHING to it ;)
As my physic teacher in High School said, the theory of everything will probably be quite simple in comparison to what we expected. That we will feel dumb for not putting it together sooner. But the same could be said of Relativity, so it will probably take a new generation to look at what we know with new eyes and perhaps see what we missed. Like how kids seemed to know how to program VCR's back in the day, while PhDs thought of them as sorcery.
That just means the current *paradigm* in physics is nearing its end. There will probably soon be another paradigm shift, possibly involving a re-conceptualization of space and time.
ArcadianGenesis Absolutely. We still don’t really know what empty SPACE itself is and why the universe is expanding. We’ll probably need to invent a whole new kind of math (like newton did with calculus) with weird topology.
In my opinion, the concept of spacetime was just an enhanced version of newton's view of the world,
Which successfully accounts for the effects of light ... while newton didn't took that into account....
Therefore , the general relativity just shifted the object of debate, i.e. at first it was the invisible force, now its the unknown reason why matter curves spacetime in the first place.....
"Before anyone converts to a biologist"
This made me chuckle.
People: "We've reached the end of physics"
The Universe: "Hold my beer..."
The universe, provides.
😂 😂
That's a tee shirt right there!
have you read "Expeditionary Force"? It sound's like you've read Expeditionary Force
@@michaelross1464 I have not but I will look into that :-)
i sure hope physics isn’t over i’m majoring in it right now
David Stickles same but it’s not even NEAR from over
When we have a theory of quantum gravity - we will still be nowhere near the end of physics.
Well, if we can find some entity to do my gravity test for my Theory Of Everything idea, maybe we might have it if proven to be really true. (Copy and pastes from my files):
Here is the test for the 'gravity' portion of my TOE idea. I do not have the necessary resources to do the test but maybe you or someone else reading this does, will do the test, then tell the world what is found out either way.
a. Imagine a 12 hour clock.
b. Put a magnetic field across from the 3 to 9 o'clock positions.
c. Put an electric field across from the 6 to 12 o'clock positions.
(The magnetic field and electric field would be 90 degrees to each other and should be polarized so as to complement each other.)
d. Shoot a high powered laser through the center of the clock at 90 degrees to the em fields.
e. Do this with the em fields on and off.
(The em fields could be varied in size, strength, density and depth. The intent would be to energy frequency match the laser and em fields for optimal results.)
f. Look for any gravitational / anti-gravitational effects.
(Including the utilization of ferro cells so as to be able to actually see the energy field movements.)
(And note: if done right, it's possible a mini gravitational black hole might form. Be ready for it. In addition, it's possible a neutrino might be formed before the black hole stage, the neutrino being a substance with a very high gravitational modality with very low 'em' modalities.)
(An alternative to the above would be to shoot 3 high powered lasers, or a single high powered laser split into 3 beams, each adjustable to achieve the above set up, all focused upon a single point in space.)
'If' effects are noted, 'then' further research could be done.
'If' effects are not noted, 'then' my latest TOE idea is wrong. But still, we would know what 'gravity' was not, which is still something in the scientific world. Science still wins either way and moves forward.
Revised TOE: 3/25/2017a.
My Current TOE:
THE SETUP:
1. Modern science currently recognizes four forces of nature: The strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, gravity, and electromagnetism.
2. In school we are taught that with magnetism, opposite polarities attract and like polarities repel. But inside the arc of a large horseshoe magnet it's the other way around, like polarities attract and opposite polarities repel. (I have proved this to myself with magnets and anybody with a large horseshoe magnet and two smaller bar magnets can easily prove this to yourself too. It occurs at the outer end of the inner arc of the horseshoe magnet.).
3. Charged particles have an associated magnetic field with them.
4. Protons and electrons are charged particles and have their associated magnetic fields with them.
5. Photons also have both an electric and a magnetic component to them.
FOUR FORCES OF NATURE DOWN INTO TWO:
6. When an electron is in close proximity to the nucleus, it would basically generate a 360 degree spherical magnetic field.
7. Like charged protons would stick together inside of this magnetic field, while simultaneously repelling opposite charged electrons inside this magnetic field, while simultaneously attracting the opposite charged electrons across the inner portion of the electron's moving magnetic field.
8. There are probably no such thing as "gluons" in actual reality.
9. The strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force are probably derivatives of the electro-magnetic field interactions between electrons and protons.
10. The nucleus is probably an electro-magnetic field boundary.
11. Quarks also supposedly have a charge to them and then would also most likely have electro-magnetic fields associated with them, possibly a different arrangement for each of the six different type of quarks.
12. The interactions between the quarks EM forces are how and why protons and neutrons formulate as well as how and why protons and neutrons stay inside of the nucleus and do not just pass through as neutrinos do.
THE GEM FORCE INTERACTIONS AND QUANTA:
13. Personally, I currently believe that the directional force in photons is "gravity". It's the force that makes the sine wave of EM energy go from a wide (maximum extension) to a point (minimum extension) of a moving photon and acts 90 degrees to the EM forces which act 90 degrees to each other. When the EM gets to maximum extension, "gravity" flips and EM goes to minimum, then "gravity" flips and goes back to maximum, etc, etc. A stationary photon would pulse from it's maximum extension to a point possibly even too small to detect, then back to maximum, etc, etc.
14. I also believe that a pulsating, swirling singularity (which is basically a pulsating, swirling 'gem' photon) is the energy unit in this universe.
15. When these pulsating, swirling energy units interact with other energy units, they tangle together and can interlock at times. Various shapes (strings, spheres, whatever) might be formed, which then create sub-atomic material, atoms, molecules, and everything in existence in this universe.
16. When the energy units unite and interlock together they would tend to stabilize and vibrate.
17. I believe there is probably a Photonic Theory Of The Atomic Structure.
18. Everything is basically "light" (photons) in a universe entirely filled with "light" (photons).
THE MAGNETIC FORCE SPECIFICALLY:
19. When the electron with it's associated magnetic field goes around the proton with it's associated magnetic field, internal and external energy oscillations are set up.
20. When more than one atom is involved, and these energy frequencies align, they add together, specifically the magnetic field frequency.
21. I currently believe that this is where a line of flux originates from, aligned magnetic field frequencies.
NOTES:
22. The Earth can be looked at as being a massive singular interacting photon with it's magnetic field, electrical surface field, and gravity, all three photonic forces all being 90 degrees from each other.
23. The flat spiral galaxy can be looked at as being a massive singular interacting photon with it's magnetic fields on each side of the plane of matter, the electrical field along the plane of matter, and gravity being directed towards the galactic center's black hole where the gravitational forces would meet, all three photonic forces all being 90 degrees from each other.
24. As below in the singularity, as above in the galaxy and probably universe as well.
25. I believe there are only two forces of nature, Gravity and EM, (GEM). Due to the stability of the GEM with the energy unit, this is also why the forces of nature haven't evolved by now. Of which with the current theory of understanding, how come the forces of nature haven't evolved by now since the original conditions acting upon the singularity aren't acting upon them like they originally were, billions of years have supposedly elapsed, in a universe that continues to expand and cool, with energy that could not be created nor destroyed would be getting less and less dense? My theory would seem to make more sense if in fact it is really true. I really wonder if it is in fact really true.
26. And the universe would be expanding due to these pulsating and interacting energy units and would also allow galaxies to collide, of which, how could galaxies ever collide if they are all speeding away from each other like is currently taught?
DISCLAIMER:
27. As I as well as all of humanity truly do not know what we do not know, the above certainly could be wrong. It would have to be proved or disproved to know for more certainty.
@@charlesbrightman4237 You proved you have no formal physics education in the first few sentences. But you really had to drive home that fact!
@@LiLi-or2gm Do my gravity test and then let's talk again.
@@LiLi-or2gm Oh and also, "IF" numbers themselves do not exist in this universe by this or some similar way for math to do what math does in this universe, then how do numbers exist in this universe for math to do what math does in this universe? (For example, with the Standard Model of Particle Physics, how does one get our number system from that model?)
'IF' my latest TOE idea is really true, (and I fully acknowledge the 'if' at this time), that the pulsating, swirling 'gem' photon is the energy unit of this universe that makes up everything in existence in this universe, and what is called 'gravity' is a part of what is currently recognized as the 'em' photon, then the oscillation of these 3 interacting modalities of the energy unit would be as follows:
Gravity: Maximum in one direction, Neutral, Maximum in the other direction;
Electrical: Maximum in one direction, Neutral, Maximum in the other direction;
Magnetic: Maximum in one direction, Neutral, Maximum in the other direction.
Then:
1 singular energy unit, with 3 different modalities, with 6 maximum most reactive positions, with 9 total basic reactive positions (neutrals included). Hence 1, 3, 6, 9 being very prominent numbers in this universe and why mathematics even works in this universe.
(And possibly '0', zero, as possibly neutrals are against other neutrals, even if only briefly, for no flow of energy, hence the number system that we currently have).
@End My Pain So, if you want your 'Pain To End', do my gravity test.
"Physics as we know it" he sounded correct actually
I'm saying the quote at 3:26 could be interpreted differently. As in 1925 quantum mechanics was born which was kind of the death of classical physics so maybe not "in 6 months" but in 5 years
"Everytime they think they have the answers, I CHANGE THE QUESTIONS!!!" - The Flying Spaghetti Monster
"Every time I think I can't eat any more, I just add Parmesan cheese."
- Me eating the Flying Spaghetti Monster
"I didn't punch you, I hit you! - Flying Spaghetti Monster
May you be touched by His noodly appendage. R'Amen.
@klumpy777 It makes sense that someone who writes "a atheist" would misunderstand physics so profoundly.
@klumpy777 Not to be pedantic (though I guess I am) but that would be "an" atheist.
But to be more pedantic someone who believes in the flying spaghetti monster is not an atheist but just another religious nutter like those that bang on about Jesus, Allah, Odin or whatever big brain in the sky. I think they are a little tongue in cheek though 😐
The last time folks said we had reached the end of physics, it was shortly before quantum mechanics and relativity (special and general) were discovered, so my hunch is that the best is still to come.
Even if physics was complete, it is still worth learning.
-Is my thought as a physics student.
It is still very abstractable on all kinds of other problems.
If physics was complete we could just teach it to machines and let them do everything. By that time humanity would probably live in mutliple different galaxies, or killed itself already
lololololoo now this is a very keen insight. When I get back to the future in my time machine I will regale your comment to my intergalactic acquaintances.
lololololooo
I don’t think anything is easily teached to a machine, when yet humanity knows a lot and still people exist that are illiterate and others don’t know how to add cents together.
Oh, so like how arithmetic is still worth learning even though everyone has calculators nowadays.
Or how cursive is worth learning even if it's just so that your signature is harder to forge.
@Temaghn O Murchada I agree. It looks hella fancy especially if you have a long name. Unfortunately my full name is short af coz I'm half Chinese. My cousin who is a teacher and has a long name has spectacular handwriting.
The 3:30 quote seems like a misrepresentation: "physics _as we know it_ , will be over in six months". Compare that with the video's interpretation, i.e. as if it had been said that "physics will be over in six months". The actual quote looks more like someone who thought there'd be a revolution in physics in the not-too-distant future.
Seems like it but everybody at the time thought classical mechanics (ex: planetary motion, movement) was the end all be all until quantum mechanics did the old wasuuup and gave everyone a heart attack for the next 100 years
His name is Max. Max Born.
That's exactly what I thought until Hank started dogging on him for saying it. Then I was just confused.
@@-cookiezila-461 Jason Payne
@@Slaydur you read this comment again and you tell me do you really think you know what everyone thought hundreds of years before you were born? We speak the same language as, you know what the turn of phrase "as we know it" implies, that theres going to be a change not that something is going away.
C'mon, even professor Farnsworth had shown us that there's no end to phisics!
Or, at least, to learning :)
He also taught us that things only rhyme below ten to the minus five angstroms.
“Oh, sure! Let’s take time travel advice from mister ‘I’m-my-own-grandpa!’” Professor Farnsworth
The pursuit of knowledge is hopeless and eternal. Hooray!
lets increase the speed of light by shrinking down the universe
I guess that's....
GOOD NEWS!
Physic: ends
Quantum physic: hold my vodka
There will always be a theory that covers more out there, its just so hard to know when the current theory cant explain any more, and when we have to start going back instead of keep pushing forward.
3:03 Woah, shots fired!
What does thatmean?
These videos make my head spin in new ways thank you.
We only know what, like, 5% of the universe is made of, and can’t figure out why that 5% wasn’t annihilated by anti-matter. We’re a long way from answering everything.
And you don't know anything beyond the observable universe,keep aside the probability that more such universes could be present.
@@mrinmoybiswas6976 exactly!
its a bit misleading but the real reason why we are hitting a wall is because research has caught up to technology. If we are going to discover new things technology will have to advance.
@@MrDisgruntledGamer1 Normally however, research pushes technogy faster than technology pushes research, which reinforces the idea (but does not prove it) that we are nearing a complete understanding of the universe, at least in principle.
@@MrDisgruntledGamer1 dont worry. Nothing advances technology faster than a World War. And another is right around the corner.
Every time we think we've finished physics, we realize that everything we thought we knew was wrong.
There are already signs that the “plateau” is on the verge of a rupture. Over the last decade, differences in the behaviors of matter and antimatter have been observed, and tests on their reactions to gravity and relativistic effects are being developed right now. This can be the spark that ignites a theory that solves CP violation and the nature of time: it might for instance answer why the universe “starts off” at an extremely low-entropy state, as well as why matter greatly outweighs antimatter (or seems to). Asymmetries might reveal underlying variable parameters, e.g. which change from one universe to the next, or perhaps new, even deeper symmetries. New tests of existing hypotheses in physics are being devised _and_ tested all the time; lately, testing against astronomical data has been particularly insightful and has narrowed down hundreds of competing hypotheses about for example dark matter to just a handful, and shed light on how quantum effects at the moment of the big bang influenced our cosmos. For these reasons and others it is misleading to say that there is a standstill for experimentalists. And for the theorists, there is hope too: quantum information theory, the holographic principle, quantum tunneling and quantum decoherence all might need to be explained on a deeper level, and in combination they hint at a deeper theory which explains everything in terms of relationships among information. (Brian Greene and Gerard 't Hooft have been saying this for around the past 10 years!)
To outsiders it superficially looks like a plateau, sure. But I have no doubt that we are on the verge of a mountain.
… And all of this isn't even mentioning the potential for artificial intelligence to get involved. It inevitably will.
@@TheRealFlenuan true, I mean another comment mentioned that it may well be that the reason it might seem like we're reaching the end of physics is because we're approaching the limits of what we as humans can understand on our own, and we may soon reach a point where even the smartest humans just aren't smart enough to push further without the assistance of something like AI.
I for one welcome our future overlords.
@@gimiked8685 Are they Lizards, by any chance???
The question is, how long are we going to be on that verge? 20 years? 1000? We won't know until something revolutionary is discovered, and for the next thousand years we might only make incremental progress just fine-tuning our understanding of the current models.
"The limit does not exist!"
- Cady Heron, Mean Girls
Anyone with any sort of understanding of the field knows that if anything, we have barely even begun to scratch the surface of how the universe works. If we're at the end of physics then I must have seriously missed that memo during the lectures on just what exactly Dark Matter and Dark Energy are, along with the lecture on who discovered the unified field theory as well the lectures on what are essentially an infinite number of mysteries underlying the foundation of our very understanding of the universe today.
Why’d you miss out! It’s common knowledge
@@TheDuffman1812 I guess I fell asleep during those classes lol
Dark energy could be a cosmological constant ie totally consistent with general relativity. Dark matter could be axions, a mild extension of the standard model. There are some really boring, conventional answers to most of the unsolved questions in physics, what's lacking is our ability to actually test those things, and in terms of the search for physics that has practical applications, there's actually every reason to think we're at the end of the road.
I feel like there should have been some reverb and delay effects when you said "The End Of Physics".
Quantum computers - "Cute idea, I'll take it from here!"
Its also worth mentioning that the scientific community is ironically pretty hostile to new ideas, or ideas that deviate from what they learned at a school they paid very well to be at. There are quite a bit of fringe scientists and physicists with some pretty interesting theories that are struggling to maintain a career in the field due to blacklisting by mainstream professionals.
At 8:00, I think you have that backwards. Hawking radiation, which could lead to the evaporation of black holes, is a quantum effect, not GR.
I paused the video, rewound, checked it said that, then came here searching for if someone else had queried this.
Yes!
Beokabatukaba same lol I was like “isn’t it the other way around?”
I think they're correct actually. Because if black holes don't evaporate, then they violate conservation of energy (integral to GR). But if they do evaporate (by Hawking Radiation), then they violate conservation of information (integral to quantum mechanics).
@@TheRABIDdude Eternal black holes in no way violate conservation of energy, and actually conservation of energy isn't necessary in GR, the cosmological constant does not conserve energy. Hawking radiation comes from a mix of QM with a little GR, and information theory is pure QM.
TheRABIDdude and it’s a theory that black holes can destroy information in our universe. After all we have no clue what’s inside of them so who knows where that information goes. If black holes can and indeed do erase information then we have to rethink most of our theories and the way we perceive the universe.
I can't help but thinking something. Physicists, they do experiments and record results. But if I did an experiment, where I created a surfboard, and then went surfing, and described the results of my equipment, I would describe that surfing isn't possible. I had to practice surfing for a year straight before I could really start to feel in control of my environment in small waves. Then I quit surfing for a few years, and now I'm completely out of control again. These physicists are certainly trying to isolate and limit in such a way that skill for their equipment shouldn't matter, but to use surfing as an example again:, initially, the story was, the ancient hawaiians used wood boards with no fins. Then, everyone surfed fin boards and said the ancient hawaiians couldn't surf like people can today,,, then people got ridiculous at surfing, started surfing finless boards a lot, and can now surf finless boards VERY well, performing fully modern maneuvers. (yes still different than with fins, but no slouch), so, if ancient hawaiians were very practiced with surfing,,,, maybe they WEREN'T limited to surfing like a newbie after all?? What would observers be able to see from their equipment if they had more mastery with the materials involved??
.....What? Did you ask a question or did you want to quack on about surfing? Better get back to it and leave smart things to smart people.
@@m2heavyindustries378
If you can't actually get what he's saying then you're the one who needs to leave smart things to smart people. But let me explain it so simply that even a caveman can understand.
In short, he's saying that maybe our tools and knowledge are inadequate for any more breakthroughs to occur, and he's using finless surfboards and the fact that at one point it was thought to be impossible to use one at one point as an example.
And if that's still too complicated, then that's a you problem.
I get where you are comming from with this argument, but as someone who studied physics for some time, I can assure you that while you need some proficiency in conducting an experiment, there are obvious hard caps, to how good you can get in using the equipment. Especially because most of the things you will use in any experiment are either somewhat digital/technological already, or can be assisted by digital/technological means.
You can learn that in order to get a correct reading, you need to wait a certain amount of time, or take the reading several times, but it is not possible to get any better at reading a number from a screen or a scale, than to copy the exact number. You either copy the number correctly or you don't. Same with standardising the equipment you use, it is not possible to set a value closer to a given number with more skill.
Also a big part of the design of any experiment is to make using any part of the equipment as easy as possible, to make sure it does not become a source of error.
Many experiments can be conducted without any prior knowledge, given you are able to follow the instructions. (I know this from experience, since I once successfully conducted an experiment, without fully having understood the physics behind it. In case you wonder, yes, I had to repeat the oral examination part in order to earn the points towards my degree, but I did that after I conducted the experiment with my group.)
The part that is tricky and requires years of learning, is to be able to use and interprete the measurements you obtained in the right way, in order to come to the correct conclusions and understand what those conclusions mean.
I love this show. Keep up the good work!
"People are saying we've reached the end of physics again" -- citation needed
Bit clickbaity for me too lol but that’s youtube
I told my brother Years ago when he first went to university for physics. “There ain’t been a lot of jobs since the Manhattan project” now he’s a PHD in physics and had to fall back on his masters in engineering for a job. Even he said the only jobs in physics are teaching physics. Which he was doing for a while at Caltec. But he was just regurgitating what he had learned not putting it to good use
Yeah well a lot of University students end up saying that there are no jobs, but most of them are simply afraid of success. What I mean by that is the responsibilities that come with your job title , it's a lot different than simply studying a book and doing a test , now you're in the real world and things become stressful.
A lot of University students also don't put a lot of effort into finding a job, when I graduated college I applied to over 50 places 5 months before I graduated and I got maybe two calls, one of them being 900 km away, so I ended up taking the job and moving 900 km South. I had to get assistance from welfare to get me down that far.
University does not guarantee anything for you, your full-time job after University is finding a job within your field. If you sit there and say I can't find a job all it means is that you didn't look hard enough because there are always opportunities
So I'm going to go ahead and say that your brother isn't putting enough effort in, because there are probably thousands of students graduating from physics-based classes and I doubt all those students end up without a job. It's those that fight the hardest that get the job
The guy from crash course !! Savior of my bio exams 🤧
We ain't near the end till we solve all the mysteries without finding a dozen more.
So true well stated xD
"In some ways, the things a theory can't explain are more exciting than the things it can."
People have been saying this for thousands of years. It's never been true.
@Erik Schmunzeler people were saying that too.
The universe is so complexe and our brain is so slow to process information that it's possible that has a specie we never reach the end of what there is to learn about the universe.
@Erik Schmunzeler We can never know ALL of it, but that doesn't necessarily mean that there's a specific limit. It's like an irrational number; we can never know every single digit, but that doesn't mean we'll reach an "end" past which we can't find any more digits. Furthermore, a complete understanding of fundamental physics doesn't imply omniscience unless we also have infinite computational power, which is impossible.
@@Marenks That's definitely my opinion. Certainly not without significantly improving our intelligence by some means, but even then I'm just not sure the universe is structured in such a way that every rule on which it operates can be proven.
It’s still amazing to think about that some day we may reach the “end” of physics. That we’ll create a theory that exactly describes the behavior of the universe. It’s definitely possible that it could happen and I wonder what’ll happen once we do. How will physics be taught in classrooms? Will people just keep testing the theory forever? Will there be physicists?
"Our fundamental picture of the universe seems pretty nearly complete these days" --- Strongly disagree here. Nobody with any knowledge of physics has said this since the late 1800s.
I totally agree. If someone thinks he know pretty much everything about the universe, he clearly lack imagination and perspective. Humans always seem to think they have a good comprehension of the world around then but that has been proven false time and time again thru the century.
You're disagreeing with the guy that said it? Or with Hank when he said the guy said it?
I agree with rocket4kids
@@maracachucho8701 I'm disagreeing with anyone who said it in the past 120 years and Hank for making a video about it which said anything other than how foolish a statement it is.
@@rockets4kids Well, hindsight is 20/20
Things that are measured but unexplained
-the strong CP problem
-the hierarchy problem
Things that are observed that are at odds with the standard model
-gravity
-dark matter
-acceleration of the expansion of the universe (dark energy)
Because I watched an entire 11 minute video 4 minutes after it was released.
Fit Fogey are you one of those people who thinks you’re not allowed to comment until you’ve watched the entire video?😂
Before I started studying Physics I thought we had understood nearly everything, now I know we have understood nearly nothing.
Sometimes I wonder if the problem is the human mind: Maybe we're reaching the limits of what our brains can process, and trying to go further is like expecting your cat to do long division.
True its very evident with quatum physics the human brain simply cannot comprehend how reality operates at those scales without numbers
Even then its still hard
@@addajjalsonofallah6217 that's quite wrong, "numbers" do help us a ĺot, since pur brains aren't computers, we can only process so much at such a finite speed
In quatum mechanics, we simply use "numbers" because fields of probability are best described using them, but they aren't needed to understand or comprehend quantum mechanics, they are only needed to put your understanding into theoretical practice
I doubt it, but it is possible.
Exurb1a has a vid about this "Understanding Line" that frankly scares the crap out of me
Thank you for putting the thought of cats doing long division in my head.
The Age of AI will help us push forward. I'm really excited for season 2
I don't think we can reach "the end" of physics until we create tools that let us manipulate it. Only then can we say we truly understand physics.
We're near the end of Physics?
Does this mean we have to sit through the credits to watch the post-credits scene?
That's exactly what it means 🤣
@@queensaharaice7376 But I have to go to the bathroom :( I shouldn't have gotten the extra large popcorn and Coke.
Extradimentional Nick Fury walks in: I'm here to talk to you about the Exo-Physics initiative
@@Master_Therion Welp. I guess you'll miss out🤷🤧
@@demi-fiendoftime3825 😂😂
@Hank 70% of the LHC is located in France. 100 meters below ground but it's still French underground. On the other hand, offices of the CERN and other buildings are effectively located in Switzerland. Just sayin' :-) That being said, keep up the good work. Your channel is one of the absolute best of the best on YT. Can't get enough of those videos you guys make. Cheers !
_Thanks for having subtitles or English Captions_
Isn't that ironic that gravity is the first force we discovered but it is the hardest to integrate into the standard model?
I've heard physicists say we know 95% of everything; I think that figure is probably more like 5%.
We're due a big jump.
You might have had that flip-flopped. That's a common ratio used to describe how much "ordinary matter" (stuff made of protons and neutrons etc) with respect to "dark" stuff like dark matter and dark energy. Ordinary matter is only 5% of the universe mass-energy content. So its said we DONT know/understand 95% of the stuff out there.
"Everything" in our universe? Anything beyond our universe that might exist within reality at large (though we don't even know for sure if that exists)? Yeah, we've still got a way to. ☺️
Also, if there's ever a point at which we're actually at 100%, people seem like they'll always be too "humble" to ever acknowledge it.
Everytime we discover something, it raise a million more question.
@Håkan Bråkan Kråkan DMT is a hell of a drug
we need more freedom and free thinking in the industry. The rules on what scientists can or can't study, The funding structure, the rules regarding opinions on previous studies, publication structure, discussion with public and the rules on applicable material need to change to allow scientists to think outside the box because right now I feel science is so overly regulated that study is being kept firmly in the box
8:00 “General relativity says black holes should evaporate into nothing but quantum mechanics says that’s not possible.”
I thought it was the other way around. It’s pair production-a quantum mechanical effect-that causes black holes to evaporate.
Yes indeed!
I was reading all comments to see if there was anyone more to see it. And i had to read só many comments before i finally found yours!(it seems hard to find someone who watched it really, and without numbing his brain)
Thank you, that is right. While general relativity claims black holes warp space-time in a way that nothing can have enough energy to escape that region of space, quantum mechanics proposes that black holes can produce black body radiation due to the Unruh effect (I have to admit though that I consider the idea of pair production on the event horizon a much more intuitive way of describing the process.).
Yes and no, general relativity actually says that black holes should be eternal. Hawking radiation (what makes black holes evaporate) actually arises when you combine general relativity with quantum mechanics. But, quantum mechanics separately says that no information can be destroyed, and Hawking radiation as is does destroy information, contradicting it.
@@Etc2496 how is a black hole emitting hawking radiation destroying information? It's simply converted into a different type of information.
Not that I believe energy is emmited or that a black hole disintegrates, it's been almost a decade since I studied quantum physics. Im just curious about the logic behind your statement
@@PlubusDomis Because if a system in a given state falls into a black hole, when it radiates away by Hawking radiation the final state will not be determined by the original state, which violates the principle that if you know the state of a system at a given time then you will know its future states. Of course, this should not happen, and it indicates that general relativity and quantum mechanics are only effective theories and we need a more fundamental one to explain what’s happening.
2:38, "all things considered" 😀👏
Because we're reaching our own end. Thanks for watching my TED talk
Physicists will not be out of a job anytime soon:
-We still don't understand dark matter & dark energy
-We still don't have a theory of everything
-Space travel is in its early stages, requiring astrophysicists
-Quantum physics doesn't fit well with the notions from General Relativity
-Physicists will be necessary in finally bringing net-positive fusion energy to earth
-Quantum entanglement may have huge applications in the future
People who say physics is near its end are thinking way too small.
We've barely scratched the surface.
*Barely
Barley is like a plant
@@person8064 Damn autocorrect. I've fixed it.
was scaling Mt Everest the end of climbing
For a lot of people, yes
Nope!
"Stuck in a rut." That's a great way to put it.
"The next plateau in our search for the theory of everything isn't going to be reached by a lone maverick working alone in a lab". Scientist late at night frustrated, walks way from his computer, little does he knows he just successfully created Ultron.
Oh yeah, 95% of the universe is comprised of "Dark matter" aka "we got no fckn clue", but it's the end of physics. Sure.
@@problemsolver3254 but what about toes? I'm interested in the toes.
Could the next leaps of Physics experimentation be in *where* we experiment?
Maybe...
1. Exo-terran hard bodies such as comets, asteroids, moons, rocky planets
2. Gaseous planets
3. Nebulae and stars
If we need environments far more extreme than we can physically reproduce here on Earth, it seems like we really need to ramp up exploration-then-colonization. I wouldn't be surprised if this is probably one of the biggest arguments within the scientific community for such.
Physics is a fractal...
Fundamental ≠ definite.
If science is a way of thinking, there's no end until we cease to think.
Did mix up GR and QM when talking about black holes? According to GR the area of a Black hole always expands but if you put QM in you have the Hawking's temperature which predicts your black hole will evaporate.
Or were you putting the Hawking's temperature on the GR side and saying a black hole cannot evaporate because of the information paradox ? 🤔
I thought that, too
Well using just quantum mechanics, the information paradox would say that black holes can't evaporate, but put GR in on top of that and it says that they must. I believe that's what they meant
@@Jop_pop But it is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle that gives rise to the virtual particles that are the mechanism of evaporation. HUP is the basis of QM, not entropy.
Problem with QM and the SM is that they are cobbled together. There's no postulates beyond quanta. There's no reason for the why in the theory, just a framework for how. The information paradox could just be our version of the aether, barking up the wrong tree entirely!
I was wondering the same thing. Can anybody explain?
we don't even have a single solid theory for acid, just 3 incompatible theories used for different situations
I'm just praying that I'll be alive to see the next paradigm shift!
glad this video was exactly what i thought it was. when i saw the title, my first thought was to the fact that the patent office once closed down because 'everything' had been invented.
"Spoiler: It wasn't!"
DUDE! Spoiler warnings next time, okay?!
physics isnt ending. we're going back to its origins in philosophy bc we've arrived at a point where we dont have the means to prove most of the things we can logically infer. in the future, we will probably have another few hundred years where we will be able to prove either true or false all the things we are theorising about now, its kind of a cycle. we now need philosophy to expand the limits of what science can do, and at some point science will catch up and confirm or deny. its beautiful
It's so incredibly arrogant to suggest we've reached "the end of physics" when they have vacuum catastrophes and have to resort to "dark matter" to explain 95% of universe's composition
8:14 What do you mean they can't? I have been doing it for years !!!
All I need to do is looking at my boss, she sucks in all the force and energy but gives nothing but emptiness and uncertainty.
TH-cam recommend me this video right after g-2 so I could point and laugh at this hubris.
I feel like you missed the point of the video because it was predicting something exactly like that
@@samuelharvey4925 not Sci show's hubris, the physicists'.
Thing is, we are used to walk forward, any new discovery kills or confirms others, but physics will never die, physics is if anything still learning a lot.
The phenomenon of time itself where the pass is getting closer every year, that's just... Beautiful in lack of better words.
Never heard that...Whoever said it though is dumb as a box of whelks. I mean really, we know absolutely bugger all when it comes down to it...
We've reached peak British
People said this in the late 1800s (and with some degree of justification) but not at all since then.
I only heard that we *currently* lack tools necessary to improve our knowledge of physics.
- my neighbour, retired college physics professor
Remember when Kelvin said, 'There is nothing more to be discovered in physics- all that remains is more and more precise measurement.'
He said this in 1900. Yep. Just over a decade befor Einstein came along with relativity.
Einstein came up with relativity in 1905 and the start of General relativity was 1907, culminating in 1915.
We'll probably never run out of questions, but running out of the material means to test answers to those questions is a constant threat. Physics ends when society collapses, and how far away can that be?
"General relativity says that black holes should evaporate into nothing" and I'm gonna stop you right there Hank, because GR doesn't predict this. Hawking radiation results from applying quantum field theory to the event horizon.
I was also going to say I thought it was the other way around. Although quantum information theory does have some problems with evaporating black holes.
Can you elaborate? You're saying that it isn't GR, but Hawking's theory applied to GR, that results in the dissolution of black holes? So Einstein's theory doesn't have any major (black) holes in it?
@@GSPV33 GR has black holes, but they last forever once they form. Hawking's work used some tricks to sort of flatten the space time in bits at the event horizon and apply quantum mechanics on those bits, which lead to predicting Hawking radiation.
Also classical mechanics doesn’t say that there’s a universal absolute frame of reference. In fact if such a frame of reference exists that would disprove Newtonian physics lol
I need to turn my bedroom into an acoustic black hole for when I go to sleep at night. Peace and quiet is all I want.
🎶"Although we've come
to the end of the road.
Still I can't let go.
It's unnatural
You belong to me
I belong to you....!!"🎶
Boyz II Men 4-Ever!!!
I'm amazed how all those physics videos are talking about big bang theory as a real fact. They omit to say that this is the only explanation physicists could come with to explain their observations, but a theory is a theory and maybe there is another explanation.
Everybody, watch the video to the end befor commenting!
Der Radfahrer hmm.. no
Physic's isn't at an end. But progress in physics has slowed to a crawl as we seem to be in an area where there is a big gap between the energy levels where our physics is a good approximation and the levels were they stop being good - and our experiments can't reach those levels yet.
For any light novel fans, I HIGHLY recommend a science fiction series called Throne of Magical Arcana. Man, it’s so good. Magic is based around physics, biology, chemistry, etc.
GTK, I was searching for physics-based magic (or fully consistent magic) in a novel!
Micael García Wait, I cant tell. Sarcasm or no?
@@DemonFox369
Not, already chapter 26, and I'm loving it!
@@DemonFox369
Not, already chapter 26, and I'm loving it!
Micael García :) I love it so much. Update me when you’re further in
0:23 Hank: We've come a really long way over the years...
Crocodiles: 'sup mate!