How Different Are Russian and Ukrainian???
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 10 พ.ค. 2024
- This video is all about the differences (and similarities!) between Russian and Ukrainian!
Special thanks to Dani Volynsky for his Russian audio samples, and Anton Som for his Ukrainian audio samples, ideas, and feedback. And additional thanks goes to some other native speakers who gave valuable input and feedback for this video, including Ihor Khodzhaniiazov (and others!).
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The following images are used under Creative Commons Sharealike license:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi.... Author: Lvivske. Adaptation: Anton Som.
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi.... Author: Russianname.
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi.... Authors: Krzysztof, Knutux.
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi.... Author: SeikoEn.
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi.... Author: Koryakov Yuri.
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi.... Author: Samotny Wędrowiec.
Still images which contain the above images (or adaptations thereof) are offered for use under the CC Sharealike license.
Music
Main: "Gisele Revisited" by South London Hifi.
Outro: "In the Corner" by John Deley.
![[TH] 2024 PMSL SEA W1D3 | Summer | เคาะ 8 ทีมแรก ที่ไปรอวันอาทิตย์](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/eKFbDC1qe38/mqdefault.jpg)
i'm belorussian, and i must say that russians poorly understand belorussian and ukrainian, but we and ukrainians understand each other very good
True up to 95%!
bolšoě časti Bělorusi i Galičina s Volyněj byly pod Rzeczpospolitoj. vot ot kuda nogy rostut.
На самом деле любому русскому тоже легко понять белорусскую и украинскую речь, вот только у большинства русских нет такого желания, у них в голове стереотип, что все это не языки, а диалекты, диалектами это было в веке 13-14, сейчас это самостоятельные языки, которые, при желании, можно понимать как свой родной.
@@saladin282 Не скажите. Мне с обоими очень тяжело, особенно с украинским. Славянские и немецкие слова там, где я совершенно не ожидаю их услышать, непривычные звуки, совсем другие интонации. Письменно нормально, а на слух очень тяжко. Но именно поэтому у меня и в мыслях нет называть их диалектами, настолько они отличаются от русского.
@Vera Naumova in Belarus almost all people talking in russian and almost all text on signs, etc. is in russian. as an example, word 'example' in belorussian is "прыклад" (pryklad), in russian "пример" (primer), and one more interesting example - "дыван" (dyvan) on bel. and "диван" (divan) on rus. is not in the same lexical meaning. on bel. it's a carpet, and in russian it's a sofa. and, i must say that in USSR belorussian was artificially made closer to russian, it's name "норкомовка" (norkomovka) but there is more truly belorussian named "тарашкевица" (tarashkievitsa) that was original and more 'folk' that was supressed by the soviets, which are talking that "belorussian is too much similar to polish, we must make it closer to russian!"
as a Persian, I must say,,, I really don't know why i'm watching this video comparing russian and ukranian.
I guess i'm kinda addicted to this channel.
I am a speaker spanish and still enjoy it.
Lol lol
I have mostly Mexican and Spanish ancestry (with a little Persian, Italian, and Scandinavian blood mixed in for good measure) and am still riveted by this topic. It also helps that I subscribe to a channel run by a Russian-speaking Ukrainian who was brought up in the USSR and lives in the U.S., and have become interested in that whole sphere of understanding as a result.
That's because this is a channel for language lovers. No matter what your mother tongue is.
Should we ask Paul for a Dari-Farsi-Tajik comparison?
I am Ukrainian and my native language is Ukrainian, but I can write and speak Russian easily. But Ukrainian sounds very different from Russian. And yes, having lived for 1.5 years in the Czech Republic and having studied their language a little more, I can say that if you try, you can understand any Slavic language.
@@comrade5006 the standardized Russian language is indeed very different, but the historical local dialects that standard Russian supplanted were very similar to dialects spoken in both Belarus and Ukraine. Tsarist and Soviet policies have largely eliminated these historical local varieties and made everyone speak Russian. Modern Ukrainian and Belarusian are similarly artificial constructions that supplanted the various dialects that once constituted a dialect continuum
Wow! Is Russian taught to you in Ukrainian schools? Especially for youngsters and people born after Soviet Union's collapse
@@Countryballsfan-hp09 I studied at school 10 years ago, then the study of the Russian language was minimal (1-2 hours a week). I learned the language more through the Internet and TV. Russia, as a former metropolis, had a huge influence on the Ukrainian cultural and media space. Almost every Ukrainian knows the Russian language at a good level
@@user-mj5zl6oj1e I am Slovak living in Czechia for last 10 years and my mom comes from Ukraine. I can say I understand ukrainian ( not eveyrthing of course) and little bit of russian as all these languages are slavic.
Comparing to slovak and czech I can say that vast majority of slovak people understand and speak czech but I can't say the same for Czech people. People living close to slovak borders still understand slovak language easily but if you go further to the west it people struggle more and more with slovak.
Similar to what you mentioned we were not taught czech language at school but there were many tv shows and movies in czech while I was growing. Even nowadays you will most likely find subtitles or dubbed movies in czech than in slovak. Same with books - if you visit bookstore in Slovakia you will find many books written in czech but I have not seen any book written in slovak language in bookstore in Czechia (but found books from slovak authors translated to czech).
That is beauty of living in CE or slavic country - if you know one language there is very high possibility you will understand other slavic languages too (to some degree and with a little effort)
@@Tchai-gx7ss there was no Russian, Ukrainian, or Belarusian before
I am Ukrainian, and I know the difference between Russian and Ukrainian, but I watched this video to end
How strongly do you feel about the difference given that your country is being attacked by the wide guy?
This video is probably getting a good amount of attention now.
Relatively to a couple weeks ago, yes. But most of its views are from the previous 2 and a half years since I released it.
YT has been recommending it repeatedly. I didn't mean to watch it but a drop of water hit the screen after the last video and autoplayed it.
@@Ggdivhjkjl lollll
@@Langfocus I mean, it did start to get recommended to me in the last few weeks (and I'm subbed to the channel, btw), so the algorhtyhm must've been recommending videos with the words Russia and Ukraine (and similar ones) since the incident (and you can tell from all these recent comments).
@@Langfocus Still?!
Great video. Very informative. As a British guy who learned Russian while living there for 6 years and then moved to Ukraine where I've lived for 15 years I'd just like to add my opinion.
Pretty much everybody in Ukraine is fluent in both languages (except for the far East and West of the country) and they effortlessly switch between both. There's a myth in Russia that Ukrainians hate Russian speakers. This is nonsense. The biggest language crime here is speaking "surzhik" - mixing the two. This is frowned upon as being uneducated. People pride themselves on speaking "pure" forms of both languages.
A typical situation might be, that a person speaks Ukrainian at work to clients, but Russian to colleagues. They might write in Ukrainian a lot but speak more Russian. It's very common for people to speak Russian to one set of grandparents but Ukrainian to the other.
Russian speaking couples sometimes consciously chose to switch to Ukrainian after having a baby to give their kid a head start in school as lessons are taught in Ukrainian. People also change their language depending on geography. I remember driving out of Kyiv with a friend who I'd only ever heard speak Russian. We stoppped to ask for directions and he spoke Ukrainian. I asked why, he shrugged and said - coz we're in the countryside now - we were only about 20km out of the city!
The key thing to remember is that it's not theat people in the East speak Russian and the people in the West speak Ukrainian. People tend to switch between both languages based on a huge variety of factors many of which they don't consciously think about. It was very, very confusing for me when I first arrived here but now I love it.
The only down side for me is that although I can more or less understand Ukrainian (except the form spoken in Zakarpatiya) I can't speak it as I know that all Ukrainians understand Russian. Every single day I have conversations where I speak Russian but get a reply in Ukrainian as people just expect that you'll understand.
Top comment! 🤓👍
Everything is true
You'd lived in Ukraine for 15 years but didn't make any effort to learn Ukrainian to be able to communicate with Ukrainian speaking people.
@@tarasbilyk7066 He may be a "foreigner in a bilingual country": as soon as people realise he doesn't speak Ukrainian well enough, they'll switch to Russian. Which makes it very hard to learn Ukrainian, if one does speak Russian.
I can be fired right now, because of my next sentence. But this Zakarpattia region has it's own language - rusyn.
I'm Polish and I lived with eastern Ukrainian roommates for several months. They considered Russian to be their native language but also spoke Ukrainian. As I spoke neither Russian nor Ukrainian and they didn't speak English or Polish, we used to communicate by tossing synonyms at each other until we found a shared one. As time went by I had quite a bit of their vocabulary memorised, but only later did I realise that I had no idea which language all the words that I had learned actually belonged to. Come to think of it they might have been speaking surjik too and I wouldn't have even known. The end result is that I can't distinguish between the two languages to save my life unless it's in writing. The vocabulary shared with Polish doesn't even help because I expect both of these to have some vaguely eastern-sounding cognates of Polish words and I never know how much is too much for it to be Russian. I feel like I'll continue to be screwed unless I actually properly learn the languages, separately
Интересная история)
С суржиком всё ожидаемо. Часть русских слов совпадает с польским, как и часть украинских. Для увеличения понимания украинцы говорили на суржике.
Tossing synonyms at each other lmao. I've tried this with a Turkish guy once. Eventually gave up, shook hands, said salaam and left 😂
Суржик и есть - диалект, смешанный из русского, украинского и польского. Современная официальная мова, кстати, смесь довоенного украинского и польского.
@@iwatchwithnoads7480 у меня есть родственники в Грузии. Взрослые там говорят на грузинском и на русском, а молодын в идеале только на грузинском естественно, однако взрослые немного учат детей русскому языку. Так вот иногда, я со своим братом общался синонимами, потому что он не мог мне объяснить какую-то вещь)
В восточную Украину при Советском Союзе было завезено много русских, так же как и в Крым после аннексии. Это делают для того, что бы люди ассимилировались, внесли часть русского и при этом заменили часть украинского. Таким образом стирают и разницы между народами, при этом навязывают именно руссификацию а не украинизацию. Таким образом, через много десятков лет эти регионы ассоциируются себя больше с русскими и такие регионы проще аннексировать.
Заметьте, русские всегда насаждают свой язык соседним странам, а потом начинают с этой страной воевать под предлогом защиты русскоговорящих.
И да, вы очень четко отметили, что люди не знали к какому именно языку относятся определенные слова.
А все потому, что они не читали украинских книг. Если читать книги украинских авторов в оригинале, сразу понятно, в чем разница между языками и суржик это не язык-это способ лишить украинцев их языка, просто очень плавный способ и незаметный.
I leave 16 years in Ukraine, i'm from Moldova, my parents was speaking Russian, i ended school in Russian and my university as well in Russian (in Moldova 2 official languages Russian and Romanian) Of cause i know Romanian as well fluent, and got good knowledge of UK English, after university i worked in USA company few years and my english was growing to a very good level too.
So at 23 years i was a person who can speak and write 3 very different languages (i'm not a professional, but they have absolutely different grammar and words base, so believe me i had a lot of pain in my childhood! :)
At 23 i was moving to Kyiv, and started to live in Ukraine with my wife. In 100% cases people talked to me Russian, so i did not have any need to learn Ukranian. But i did not understood it at all! It was the same as any other foreign unknown language! I was not able to get sense from any big sentence, or long speech! I did not understand TV shows or movies, it was absolutely impossible for me to understand Ukranian speaking people, and one time i was talking in English from one guy from west Ukraine who really did not know Russian, and was not able to get the fool value of my words. Ukranian for me was the same hard as any other Slavik language, and believe me, if you understand 2 words from 7 words it give you nothing :)
Now i fluent speak and understand Ukranian, and not bad can understand and speak Polish. Hope my story will help to somebody. Ukranian and Russian are like Holland, Sweedish, Dutch and German, they looks similar, but i'm sure that they are not :)
Мэн, сорри, не знаю как твой русский, но английский однозначно оставляет желать лучшего.
@@mardikermardiker8514 вау, вашу зависть лечить нужно
краще пояснювати в двух словах що робить у молдові російська і як взагалі з'явилася. І немає західної України, це рос пропаганда, є захід України.
Virgin говорит на одном языке
Vs
Chad knows 4 languages and potentially can understand few more
Same with my boyfriend from Uzbekistan he couldn't understand Ukrainian at all , but after 24th learned it really quickly. So when you know russian, doesn't mean you can understand or speak Ukrainian
I am from the Netherlands and if I got a euro for every time someone told me: "if you speak German, you basically speak Dutch, trust me." I would be rich. I imagine it is kind of the same for Ukraine. The fact that it sounds the same at first doesn't mean it is the same. XD
To be honest, I'm one of the people who thought that German is so much identical to the Dutch.
@@iwantriharjanto4288 I can hear it from a foreigners perspective...but it takes quite some effort to make yourself clear to one another without any knowledge on the other language. Now it is true that most Dutch people do speak some German, which I think adds to the confusion XD so I am not blaming anyone for thinking it, I just hate it when people tell me, a Dutch person, that they can assure me that I can speak German XD
@ΤηεΒεστ ΟφΜε I as a Dutch person can't agree more. But I say that if maybe you speak Chinese or something way different, these distinctions may not be so clear. However, they are far from the same language, which is why it always annoys me when people try to lecture me that they are. :)
@@Jiffzzy Well... I'm from Indonesia by the way. I think Dutch is waaayy more difficult to pronounce than German. 😁
@@iwantriharjanto4288 could very well be! It is a lot more harsh in its pronunciation.
I am a linguist and a historian who speaks Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian and Polish languages of which the first two are my native languages, and I endorse this video as correct, well researched and informative. Well done!
Thank you very much for your endorsement.
Does not sound very typical for an Anderson.
For someone who speaks Czech and can understand Slovak sometimes without realizing it's a foreign language it's quite interesting. I would say differences are about the same. 90% of words is like slang and follows some regular patterns as they developed differently, 10% of words is different. But problem is to speak Slovak without sounding funny. And it's really hard to tell how languages are different, because it's hard not to be exposed to other language.
Worst part about this video for me is english transcription :) j->y, ch->kh, č->ch, ě->ye :)
Good to read that! Thanks!
And English!
Once we rested on the sea in Croatia. A young russian family was sitting next to us on the beach. They didn't even understand that we were Ukrainians (we spoke Ukrainian). But we understood them. They commented on some of our actions, thinking that we are Croats or Slovenians and do not understand Russian. it was funny
Все русские понимают украинский язык. Не нужно врать. Украинский больше похож на древне русский язык из времён Кирилла и Мефодия или из деревни. Думаю по этому молодёжь его не учила так активно. Он не современный а какой-то древний. Для русских он звучит так. Но воспринимать мы его как иностранный не можем, когда половина слов как по-русски так и по-украински одинаково пишется и произносится. А вторая половина слов это искажённые русские слова, где пару букв поменяли. И на i и прочее.
@@nataf1452 Не понимают русские украинский. И воспринимают как что-то чужое
@@doctorc499 Bullshit
@@user-cr5jw6pc2gА должны воспринимать как что-то родное?
@@waragque У жодному разі
There is also a form of "a pluperfect conjugation" in russian: "Я БЫЛО читал эту книжку, да забыл ее содержание"
It is old form, and you don't hear it often in every day conversation
Actually a lot of different words from your video - are also exists in russia. Like in example
"Девушка которая сидит" can be pronounced like "Девушка что сидит", witch is very simmilar to ukrainian form. It is also old forms, but they exist in russian language and everybody understood you
it is more important : 11.24 - i had been reading this book, but forgot its content
U: Ya chytav buv tsyu knyzhku, ta zabuv yiyi zmist.
R: Ya chital ... etu knigu, no zabyl yeyo soderzhanie.
1. chytaV- in Russian are forms like chytaV (verbal adverb), chytaVshii
2. Buv - well, it's like russian verb and root "byl/byv" - byl (was), byVshii, byvav
3. tsyu/eto - but it Russian is tseo(seo - cё, сиё),tsei (sei - cей) tsia-(sia - сия) -, tsyu (сию) :>> as eto/etu sinonyms
4. knyzhku-knigu - in Russian "knizhku" will be just a deminutive from "knigu" :>
5. ta / no - In Russian preposition like "no" can be replaced by "da" in this case. :) ta-da
6. zabyv-zabyl - see p.1 , zabyv (verbal adverb) in Russian
7. yiyi - yeyo - are similar
8. zmist - soderzhanie... well, this "zmist" is similar to Russian "mysl","smisl" (the meaning)...
Result for understanding :>> :
U: Ya chytav buv tsyu knyzhku, ta zabuv yiyi zmist.
R: Ya chital bylo siyu knizhku, da zabil yeye smisl.
I'd say the form with simple present verb is much more common in Russian:
"Я БЫЛО НАЧАЛ ЧИТАТЬ эту книжку, да забыл продолжить"
(I happened to start to read that book, but forgot to continue)
It sounds much more normal so to speak and not outdated compared to the past verb form of "Я было читал".
In Russian there's a form "читывал", which fits better, though it isn't analytical.
Также слово гроши ест в русском языке - грош тебе цена.
Да
Isn't it beautiful that language is so much more than just a means of communication? Literally nobody around me understands my fascination for languages.
Wait, what? Sakhar is sugar in Russian?! Also in Marathi!
And Hindi for watermelon is Tarbuz!
Probably imported from the Persian.
I'm with you on that. I think it's fascinating to see how languages evolve and diverge from one another, but it's also great to see their commonalities! 🙂
Russian Sakhar is from the Greek language.
I don't want to sound like the father of Toula Portokalos but I strongly suspect they all have Greek roots.
Sugar sounds similar in many languages
As a person who grew up speaking both of these languages, I believe their grammar is quite similar, but the pronunciation has major differences.
Also, I'm genuinely impressed by how in-depth your analysis was. The facts were very accurate.
Love your videos, keep up the amazing work😄
@Henrik Wallin indeed, various accents and surzhyk make it difficult to distinguish for non-native speakers. That's an interesting analogy you drew with the Scandinavian languages, it really makes sense.
As you said, a very prominent feature of Ukranian is that "г"-sound. As for Russian, there is something quite difficult to grasp while listening for those not familiar with the languge, but very important - vowel reduction. Ukrainian vowels are much more distinct.
@Henrik Wallin Keep in mind though that some regions of Russia pronounce that G-sound similar to how they pronounce it in Ukraine. For instance, in Krasnodar, Ryazan, Tambov...
@Henrik Wallin another hint could be Russian 'chto' and Ukrainian 'sho'
Yes, whenever I'm able to verify Langfocus videos, they are very reliable - especially considering that he actually does not speak most of the languages he covers, and has rather limited time for topics which people study for years to master.
@Henrik Wallin in writing it's pretty straightforward. Typically I'm looking for characters like the "i" letter, "ï" with dieresis, hard-sign vs. apostrophe (which are pretty rare though in both languages, so they may not be included in short texts), and first of all - characters for "e" and "ye/softening e", which can be easily recognized even, if you do not speak the language. But don't look for "ë" character though, which Langfocus mentioned as one of the differences between the alphabets: in Russian it's actually used virtually exclusively in the materials for foreign students, while in the actual use - both formal, and informal - the dieresis is simply omitted. Plus of course, I can recognize some words as Russian and Ukrainian, but to do it you need to have at least a grasp of the languages.
In audio materials it's more difficult to explain, if you have not been exposed to both languages. Pronouncing unaccented "o" to "a" or schwa could be a hint, but you have to know the words in the first place, besides unaccented vowels are pronounced less carefully anyway, so sometimes it's difficult to say. It's a paradox, but it's the most audible in Belarusian, and it's even recognized in Belarusian spelling - they systematically write the "a" character in cognate words where Russian write an unaccented "o". But for my ear, the melodies of the languages are different, and if I hear someone speaking over a phone, it usually takes me just a few seconds to distinguish one from the other.
As a native Russian speaker, I find it often hard to understand Ukranian. I can understand somewhere about 30% just by hearing the similar words, everything else depends whether I understand the context or not. It's very similar to how I understand both Polish and Czech. Yet often Czech language has words similar to Russian which are direct antonyms to their russian meaning.
However Belarusian despite sharing around 80% of the vocabulary with Ukranian is much more similar to Russian, based on how good I can understand it.
Кто изучал украинский язык 20 лет назад говорят, что в украинский словарь добавили много польских слов. Короче это примерно, как переиначивание истории на Украине
@@angspb78 а кто ізучал? русняві?
@@angspb78 після довготривалого знищення української культури та мови в московській імеперії і ссср, кацапи сильно змінили нашу мову, щоб потім можна було називати нас "братскім народом". Зараз українська мова по трохи повертається до своєї справжньої форми
@@angspb78 Не неси хуйни. 99% слов в современном литературном украинском это те же слова что встречаются и в советских словарях тоже. Просто качество преподавания украинского в советском союзе было ужасным, а учителям украинского платили меньше чем их коллегам по русскому.
Украинский 300-400 лет назад наоборот был более полонизированным. В письмах Мазепы любовнице он постоянно пишет частицу "же", "жебы", чисто как в Польском. В современном украинском эти частицы -- що/щоби намного более похожи на российские что/чтобы
@@dudeqwerty Ты тоже немного хуйню сказал. В Испании мало того что дохера диалектов, у них дофига отдельным языков типа каталанского (который сродни провансальскому на Юге Франции), лузитанскому (похож на португальский), разных диалектов типа андалусийского, а стандартный испанский в Испании (кастильский) говорят звучит не очень из-за того, что они с часто произносят как интердентальный беззвучный фрикатив th (как в английском thought). Ну и в Америке очень много разных диалектов, пасифик, атлантический (Бостонский говор), Нью-Йорскский (сформировавшийся под влиянием итальянцев и евреев), Монтана, что уж говорить про Великобритания где их буквально сотни (Бристоль, Кокни, АрПи, Северный)
Thank you for such an informative video.
I'm native russian speaker. And I'm impressed about amount of time you probably invested in your work. Great!
stolz999 Здрасьте вам, я только начинал изучать русский язык, и мне это нравится !! Попробую учить словарный запас и улучшать мой говорение. Я просто наслаждаюсь этим языком, и хотя это очень трудно иногда для меня, я уверен что я буду свободно и что буду говорить без проблем в некоторых годах :)
@@theundertaker6565 nice! In your last sentence. you are using the word "некоторых" wrong. It implies "some" as though you are choosing from a category. for example, "мне понравились некоторые книги". "I liked some books." The word you need is "несколько," meaning "some" or "few" in a different context. As "сколько" means "how many," "несколько" implies an undetermined amount, but this word generally applies to time. So your final sentence should be. "я уверен что я буду свободно говорить без проблем Через несколько лет" "I'm sure that I will speak freely without problems in a few years." Hope that helps!
Paul is the best.
@@theundertaker6565 "Здрасьте вам" sounds more like 'howdy", a little bit outdated, and these days it has more of an ironic connotation or sounds theatrically informal. You cannot learn "словарный запас", but you can fill it -- "пополнять". Because in Russian it is not a "vocabulary" but literally a "reserve of words". "Говорение" does not exist. Should be "речь" or "языковые навыки" (speaking skills). Good luck to you, and have a nice day :-)
@@sugubo , don't be so tough on this pal! He just started learning the language , and apparently here used "google-translate".
А слово "ГОВОРЕНИЕ" в русском языке таки да существует!
I'm a native Ukrainian speaker and I'm also fluent in Russian (though I never studied it). Your video is impressively correct! You did a really great job.
О, бельгійський пластун з'явився :)
Igor, is your first language Ukrainian?
I want to be fluent in Russian without ever studying it!!!
@@lutchbizin6420 yes, his native language is Ukrainian
@@compulsivecommenter990 This is an achievement only for people from postsoviet countries, sorry :))
Wow, it's an impressive extensive comparison of the two languages. I generally agree to what is said in the video, maybe some details were arguable, but nothing really significant. I was amazed to jear such a good analysis from an English speaking specialist, my appreciation 🙏. I myself am Ukrainian, who speaks mostly Russian, but can speak Ukrainian fluently 👍 when addressed in Ukrainian, and sometimes I give Zoom lessons in Ukrainian ( not as a subject, but as a language to deliver material in natural sciences and maths). Russian is totally understandable by Ukrainians because of the exposure that was quite intensive up to the active phase of the russian- Ukrainian war, now it's changing, though not so drastically as official media tend to present. Now there's a lot of hate against everything russian as well as associated with former USSR. And Belorussian and Polish are quite understandable maybe the first more, than the second, although some words may cause confusion, primarily false cognates, besides Polish has a significant amount of purely Latin lexics or borrowed via German, somme of the meanings are not obvious.
I have to add, that western parts of Ukraine were more subdue to Polish influence, so they may use more words and constructions, borrowed from Polish, so they potentially could understand Polish even better than average Ukrainians. Not simplify the story too much, I need to mention that some territories of western Ukraine have a major Hungarian influence and even there are some towns were Hungarian is predominant, though they generally understand either russian or Ukrainian or both ( this might be not the case with smaller villages with purely Hungarian population). We also have some smaller regions with influence of Romania or Germany or both historically. I don't know about any significant influence of Lithuanian rule expressed in language ( maybe it was not so long and too much time passed), but Polish was definitely the case even in Central Ukraine including Kyiv, which used to be under Polish- Lithuanian rule ( were Poland was dominant). In Eastern regions russian influence was predominant, as well as in the South. The east was mostly an industrial regions so there were sufficient migration approved by USSR government from all over the USSR , but mostly from russia
It is necessary to make difference between "false cognates" and "false friends". "False friends" may be "true cognates" in their origin and structure but they are "lexical distance" (especially when they are from the same root) because they have not the same meaning.
"False cognates" may not just look more or less similar but even have the same meaning.
But they are non-cognates because they may even origin from completely different and not related root.
An example of "non-coognates" is the Polish and Ukrainian word "ta" (which means "and", "but") and the Russian word "da" (which also means "and", "but"). "Ta" and "da" are false cognates because they came from completely different roots.
I'm amazed from watching this video!!! I know both of these languages, and you definitely explained as well as possible!
There is one thing that can be constantly seen in Ukraine, but shocks most of foreigners. It is when dialogues happen in both languages at the same time, when one speaker asks questions in Russian and the other answers in Ukrainian and they continue to talk like that without switching to one language.
Thanks for the video, I will show it to any foreigner who thinks Ukrainian and Russian are the same.
By the way it's a great brain exercise: to constantly switch between languages. Some mind training exercises propose to count alternating languages for the next number.
It is similar when a Swedish and Norwegian speaker conversate with each other. It's enough to understand the other language, you don't have to speak it.
Slovaks and czech speakers are communicate in the similar way - very low amount of slovak folks who is living in Czechia are actually speak local language, but they understand each other perfectly. (btw, I am just live in Czechia, but I am ukrainian)
Both Czech and Slovak are such beautiful languages!
This situation often happens with Croatian and Slovenian or Serbian speakers too. 😂 You understand each other well enough to keep the conversation.
Funny,in Serbian "Nedelja" can mean both Sunday and Week...
Out of contest,this is common in Serbo-Croatian
Actually in ukrainian also we can say "all week" - всю неділю or весь тиждень...everibody will anderstand. Sunday and week it can be неділя :). Maybe it taken from russian ...after USSR we got many mix-words called Surzhyk(суржик).
I'm not surprised of that. Недела in Russian literally means "doing nothing", it was the term used for sunday, the day when we should rest.
@Der Seven same in Serbian
@@dersven4122 and even better, Monday is ponedilok/ponedelnik which is "the day after doing nothing"
Excellent summary! I'm an American who also speaks Russian, has a reading knowledge of Bulgarian., and is currently studying Ukrainian. I found this summary of the similarities and differences between Russian and Ukrainian fascinating, especially the different historical origins of words.
А зачем тебе изучать русский?
@@user-sq2qj6hc1w Я всегда был увлечен языками, особенно теми, которые используют нелатинские алфавиты. Когда я был маленьким, я даже придумывал свои собственные алфавиты. Поэтому, когда я подрос, учить русский стало для меня чем-то естественным.
@@anthonykleon1279 Детали?
How would you position Bulgarian in relation to Ukrainian and Russian?
I am from Ukraine and know both languages and it's almost perfect video which explains differences and roots of these differences between Russian and Ukrainian. Thanks 👍
About two years ago I've been to Lwów/Lviv in Ukraine. Walking in city center I met one Ukrainian and he invited me for a beer. At the begginig we understood each other, but at some moments we didn't. After one beer we understood each other much better and after second beer all the language barrier suddenly disappeared ;-). Still have the phone number of this guy...My native language is polish...
I understand polish almost at the same level as English. But I learned English and never learned Polish. It was surprise for me that I hear a lot of russian words in Polish. Russian propaganda says that Ukrainian language is a "bad Polish", but I think now that it is true for Russian language. Which is bad mix of Polish, Ukrianian and turk.)
@@SaimonPhoenixUA It is more correctly to say that Russian is bad Bulgarian, because it formed on the basis of old Bulgarian language with influence of authentic Russian language - the language of Rus' aka old Ukrainian language, in Finnic ethnical environment.
@@ini763 Yes. But some noticeable Russian words are Polish de factum: мужчина, обыватель, мещанин etc.
"after second beer all the language barrier suddenly disappeared ;-)." - it's because your's useful languages vocabs was axed to 15%, to drunken bellowing... :>
@@Pilum1000
Acctually we didn't get drunk at all... These were just two beers... We get a bit relaxed and used maybe gestures more, but this was far away from beeing drunk ;-) We probably still had some minor language problems, but because conversation went goodand we found many common topic - we understoon each other better I think ;-)
I'm astonished by the accuracy of this video. You've done a great research and emphasized the major part of similarities and differences. I'm saying this as native Ukrainian and Russian speaker from the north of Ukraine
Should i learn Ukrainian or russian? I’m interested in Ukraine rather than Russia but Ukrainians speak Russian
@@haltdieklappe7972 If we talk about practical use, then Russian's a definite plus cause there are many more Russian than Ukrainian native speakers in the world. Ukrainians do understand Russian well and they can respond to foreigners in Russian. Yet, more than half of the country speaks Ukrainian. It depends on the region. West and center have the biggest amount of Ukrainian speaking citizens.
Ich hoffe das ist klar. Wenn nicht oder Sie mehr Fragen haben, stellen Sie bitte Ihre Fragen;)
@@haltdieklappe7972 Would you prefer to learn Hoch Deutsch or Bavarian dialects? Same choice is here.
not so "accuracy" as you said.
предостаточно неточностей и недостаточно исследованно
To me the languages seem quite similar.
I am from India, and trust me, if I drive 300 km west to where I live, people will start speaking a only slightly mutually intelligible form of my language(much like the divide between Russian and Ukranian) and still, it is considered just one language, a different dialect maybe.
8:53 to the discussion of Vocative case:
Per Wikipedia, Vocative case was listed as the 7th grammatical case in formal Russian language grammars all the way until 1918.
All Russian children are familiar with a fairy tale in verse by Alexander Pushkin called “Tale of An Old Man and A Golden Fish”. Throughout the tale the old man keeps on returning to the ocean, where he once caught and then released back into the water a magical golden fish, who is capable of granting one’s wish. The fish is grateful to the old man, who spared her life, so she comes out of the water to listen, when the old man calls for her to consider granting him his wish.
-Every time the old man calls out for the gold fish, she comes out of the water inquiring, «Чего тебе надобно, старче?» (What is your need, old man?) The address “old man” is in Vocative case, so since early childhood all Russian speaking kids learn to recognize this form of a word, even if it is archaic.
- I have heard Vocative case actively used in dialectal speech in the Russian villages near Novgorod and Vologda, when little kids around me would call to their grandfather “дед / дедушка” in the following manner, “Дедуш’ко-о!”
-Finally, a modern day variant of Vocative case uses null ending, but whether to formalize it and start calling it Vocative case in formal grammars is being debated by modern day Russian linguists.
Ex:
Мам, Тань, Лиз, бабуль
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocative_case
clocks: man, it's 3 a.m. already
I am a Ukrainian who calmly speaks both Ukrainian and Russian: oh, a video about the difference between languages, you have to watch👀
життєво
Who's there? Oh, our favorite lingustic boy! Please keep making these, because I'm sick of all those "hyper polyglot speaks 69 languages! CHALLENGE".
Mnie denerwuje ten Holender.
Yeah. There are many that claim they are able to speak an insane amount of languages, but they only know some basic phrases. I believe that one should get to B1 level first before claiming to speak the language.
@@filipschweiner1989 i'm probably B1 or B2 in french but I don't know if I can truly speak it
Adam Mickiewicz What the fuck? How can someone realistically speak that many languages?
It’s possible to know bits and bobs of several languages but sorry even most genius don’t get that far.
I am not saying such people don’t exist but these people would be highly exceptional cases.
@@nootics I have really similar situation with German, I have learned it for like 12 years at school which probably classifies me as B2 or even more but I'm not even a little bit comfortable in speaking this language (which is kinda sad)
This is one of the best explanations about Slavic languages. Non Slavic people in general consider all Eastern European speak Russian.
@A M Really? How can Russians understand these phrases?
Вивірка - це ссавець.
Маю безліч зауваг та пропонов.
У цьому випадку ви матимете рацію.
Принагідно згадати, що у цьому реченні підметом є слово "жарівка".
@@user-cr5jw6pc2g @Євгеній Панасенко to my mind, it's a little bit strange of you to write phrases in Ukranian, composed of especially selected words an average Russian speaker is not familiar with due to huge phonetical changes or different cognates. As a Russian who has never studied Ukranian I understand about 85-90% of the information given in Ukrainian (the word "understand" here means getting the main idea) : what is more, when I was to Lviv, Ukrainian was not a hard challenge to me and my friends,considering that everybody spoke no language but Ukrainian while talking to us.
As for translation (I hope you will believe me that I didn't adress any dictionary) :
1st phrase-no idea
2nd phrase-I have impersonal "something related with attention" and propositions (У меня есть безличное "что-то связанное со внисанием" и предложения)
3rd phrase-in this case, you will be right (В этом случае вы будете правы)
4th phrase-It's worth remembering that "kind of a bird" is the subject in this sentence (Стоит вспомнить, что "какая-то птица является подлежащим в этом предложении).
I hope this little research from me was useful (at least a little). Best regards to you, Yevheniy! Glory to Ukraine!
@@ivandemyanov9398 Ви точно стикалися певною мірою з українською. Це помітно. Але чому я мав свідомо писати речення, де всі слова є коґнати? Так в житті не працює
@@ivandemyanov9398 Bird? 😆😆😆😆 Жарівка то є лампочка
@@user-cr5jw6pc2g потому что, в обычной речи редко встретишь разговоры про подлежащие/сказуемые и каких-то птиц))
Да и другие комментарии ваши почитал, понял что вы в этом вопросе неравнодушны и постоянно доказываете, что украинский и русский языки очень сильно разнятся. Разумеется, годы сыграли своё и нельзя назвать украинский диалектом русского или наоборот. Но взаимопонимаемость высокая и если в одной комнате окажутся русский с Ярославля и украинец с Дрогобыча, не знающие языков друг друга, они без проблем найдут общий язык и договорятся обо всём (вспомните тот же фильм Брат-2, где Сухоруков прекрасно понимал украиномовного полицейского и бандитов)
As someone who has been learning Polish, Ukrainian was initially quite intimidating as it just sounded so different from Polish. But over time, I really have come to appreciate it for its unique differences as they are quite helpful. Plus, being able to trade similar words with a close Ukrainian friend and just listening to her do things like speak on the phone in Ukrainian, really helped my ear get used to the sound of it. And I always get surprised by just how much I actually innately do understand of Ukrainian. Even though I can only, at most, catch the broad subject of a sentence every now and again with some luck. But that’s much more than I thought I could.
6:54 in addition, you can get this sound with combinations of letter "ьо". Basically, the first letter makes the previous sound softer and this leads to softer O. For example:
Сьогодні (Sohodni, "Today"), льон (lon, "flax"), всього (vsoho, "in all, in total, altogether"), сьомий (somyi, "seventh").
Anyone else get the immediate dopamine boost when you saw Paul's new vid in their Recommended?
Imagine it's also about your native language 😁
Isaiah You’re not alone.
Isaiah me too
@@themeiafy True, but this time it's about my native language for real
@@Charlie-ph3ed Mine too :-)
As a Ukrainian, who knows both languages, I would say that the strongest argument to highlight that these both languages are different would be to give the same text in 2 audio versions to compare. Vocally and phonetically they are very easy to differentiate.
I was at first surprised when listening to spoken Ukrainian, as I kept picking out words that sound similar to Russian. But now that I see the written text, I find it easier to hear the difference.
Lol true!
Even for foreigners it is obvious. Believe me!
Hi babe! How is Ukraine now? I'm so mad towards putin. I hope someone will stop him from his evilness
Uum, no
I'd say it's the best explanation I've seen so far. Yes, Russian and Ukrainian are similar in many aspects, yet there are a lot of differences and they are definitely two different languages.
P.S.: I am a Russian native speaker and I understand almost everything I hear in Ukrainian. I think it depends to some extent on the volume of my Russian vocabulary (I'm a linguist): there are many Russian words that used to be just normal in the past but are now considered obsolete, yet in Ukrainian they still exist or Ukrainian has developed new words based on - let say - the previous version.
And one more thing you didn't mention are the stresses/accents in Russian and Ukrainian words: sometimes it's almost the same word but the stressed syllable is different. It can be quite confusing especially for Russian speakers. For example, podrúga (female friend in Russian) and pódruha (same but in Ukrainian)
Странно, лингвист мог бы заметить, что языки очень разнородные
Tell it to speakers of Austrian German, Swiss German and German German.
@@Idealist2011and Belgium Germans :)
@@andreygujely8055 нужен хороший словарный запас чтоб оценить однородность языков.
@@andreygujely8055 это языки одной языковой группы и подгруппы! Посмотри на то как устроена грамматика и ты увидишь что она практически одинаковая в сравнении с Западно-Славянскими языками. Главное отличие - ЛЕКСИКА, потому что украинский пережил огромное влияние польского, в своей истории, в следствии чего многие слова были заменены и заимствованны из него, в то время как русский сохранил множество южно-славянских слов. Вы сами ничего не мыслите в лингвистике, но при этом несёте политизированный бред не имеющий отношение к науке. Наука вне политики!
Well you made phenomenal job. Bravo
Thank you, sir!
As a native Ukrainian speaker from Western Ukraine I can read, write and speak Russian easily (though speaking is harder to me as I don't do it often). Probably because of heavy exposure to Russian speaking tv programs in childhood. I also studied Russian for two years in high school.
I barely understand Polish. Though some of my friends know Polish really well.
Just a personal question with no intend to be provocative: Are people speaking ukrianian aware that most of the lexial differnences to russian (derzhat, govorit, vozduh vs trimat, movit, povietr) are the result of forced polonisation?
"the result of forced polonisation?" - I suspect for many it was opportunistic Polonization, a different animal altogether. Take Prince Jeremi Wiśniowiecki [Ярема Вишневецький] - originally of Ruthenian origins, he rose to the position of one of the wealthiest magnates of Poland. His son, Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki became a King of Poland.
@@Mastakilla91 nah, not really, you have to understand that back at the time there were less differences between Polish and Ukrainian, so all these loan words were naturally imported when just trade with your neighbors.
@@Mastakilla91 ты понимаешь, что многие 'исконно русские' слова пришли из церковнославянского (читай 'староболгарского') языка и что в Московском гос-ве язык 'старословенский/церковнословенский' и 'язык русский' были синонимами?
@@Eugensson I don't think that's true. It is well known that non polish inhabitants in Poland-Lithuania were forced by law to speak polish and ruthenian was forbidden.
Also how come in western slavic languages like Czech, which would be even more exposed to loaning words the words for air is "vzduch", to hold is "držet", to do is "dělat", much is "mnoho", skin is "kůže" etc, all the same words as in Russian/South Slavic/Old Church Slavonic but unlike Polish/Ukrainian.
One would expect that czech which is much nearer to polish also adopted the same words as polish and ukrainian, but they did not.
How is that possible if you claim that these loan words ended up "naturally" imported?
PS: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonization
I am a Ukrainian from Lviv and am shocked by how accurate this guy is. As a person who speaks Ukrainian and recently learned how to speak fluent Russian, I had really seen and understood the differences between the two languages. Their relationship is similar to that of Italian and Spanish.
as I said above: being a native Russian speaker, I understand about 100% Ukrainian, never having studied it (but I also speak Czech and Polish). When I watch this very accurate video, I cannot stop smiling: the difference between Russian and Ukrainian, according to this video, is disappearingly small when you compare it to the difference between the Glaswegian dialect of English and not even the Oxbridge but the Edinburgh dialect in the same Scotland:)) And of course Genovese and Napolitano dialects in Italian are even further apart but still considered dialects of the same language. Anyway, the war should stop and my country, Russia, is the aggressor in this war so I do bear part of the guilt. But this does not make Rus and Ukr separate faraway languages, sorry.
@@vladimirtodres9035, same, as a russian speaker I fully understand ukranian, and yet, I cannot speak it
Хотя можу косити як будьто врозумлию украинска мову, но это больше на суржик похоже
As a African , I always thought it’s the same language. My dad studied in Moscow and worked in Kharkiv. This war must stop and it’s a great pain. Both side need a complete peaceful solution.
@@vladimirtodres9035 I am curious about your last name... I know this name from a small town in Poland: Zareby Koscielne (Zaromb/Zaremba in Yiddish). Does your last name mean something in Russian or Polish? I speak none of the two but I have been lightly studying these.
I'm American and speak Russian. I can't speak Ukrainian. I was always shocked when a Russian would say something like "Ukrainian is a dialect of Russian." I don't know that most Russians think that way, but it was enough that surprised me. Anyway, I'm so, so sorry for what's happening to your country. I've been to Kharkiv, Kyiv and Lviv.
I speak English, Dutch, Ukrainian and Russian. If an English speaker wants to get a feel for the difference between Ukrainian and Russian just try to listen to Dutch. Dutch and English even share a bit more vocabulary than Ukrainian and Russian, the grammar is pretty similar but the conjugations are somewhat different and some verb forms. Also differences in pronunciation. I'd say it's a comparable experience.
I'm Dutch and started learning Russian 3 years ago from friends, now I communicate much with Ukrainians in my Dutch village, and some speak Russian together, but the same will speak Ukrainian with others, and now I'm not sure if I should switch over to learning Ukrainian or rather to improve my Russian xD
@@doinkindonutI don’ know what to offer to you, but all Ukrainians understand Russian, but seconds are not vice versa. therefore, you better improve your Russian, & start to learn Ukrainian a very tiny bit, to make its natives respect you more
@@Gagonefluddiddle Agreed
Is that why every time I hear someone speak Dutch it's like I can almost hear them speaking English but I can't quite grasp what they're trying to say?
@@bakedtiger413 For me as a native English and Dutch speaker it's hard to tell how similar they sound for others, but there is much much similarity, however for most English speakers Dutch is very difficult to learn. On a side note, for me as a Dutch person I can understand and even try to speak much of German, which I think is probably closer to the similarity between Ukrainian and Russian. If I read simple Ukrainian I can understand about 30%, while understanding about 65% of Russian
Great thanks for these objectives 😮
wow, you've even mentioned the new vocative in Russian. that's already more interesting than what we learn in Russian schools) i really enjoy the accuracy of your videos.
Why not readd the 7th grammatical case, this will make it easier for foreigners heheehehehhahahahahahaha *evil satanic laughter*
Есть пруф звательного падежа из новых учебников?
@Силфан. Примитивисты за делом. Try to learn at least one of Slavic languages, and you'll understand how hard they are. (If you're not Slav yourself).
Это правда, слышу везде как все говорят Миш, Лёш, мам и т.д
Such a small, but a pleasent thing to mention
I’m a fellow Ukrainian, I can say with confidence that this video is pretty accurate. I admit, I was a bit skeptical in the beginning since I haven’t met a competent foreigner to break down the differences between the two languages till this day. But you, sir...you nailed it! Thanks for taking a closer look at our beautiful language
ты хороший украинец? В английском порядок слов передает значение.И после запятой тут не нужно That, ведь у тебя нет условий. А без условного склонения that и this - одно и тоже.
Чел ты армянин
He isn't a an average guy. He's Paul! He's def passionated about langauges
@@BAD_IT может он имел в виду свое гражданство.
Yes, both languages are beautiful!
10:42 I will tell more about Ukrainian language:
I will eat - Я їстиму [Ya yistymu]
You (one person) will eat - Ти їстимеш [Ty yistymesh]
He/She will eat - Він/Вона їстиме [Vin/Vona yistyme]
We will eat - Ми їстимемо [My yistymemo]
You (many people) will eat - Ви їстимете [Vy yistymete]
its kinda like bulgarian, the suffixes
@@s4shko420 Do future tense verbs change like that in Bulgarian too?
@@1606ua my bulgarian is not really good, but as i remember they do. we dont need to say pronouns because of the suffixes. lemme ask my dad
edit: i asked and he said yes
in bulgarian
i eat = (аз) ям
you(singular) eat = (ти) ядеш
he/she/it eats = (той/тя/то) яде
you(plural) eat = (вие) ядете
we eat = (ние) ядем
they eat = (те) ядат
for they, i forgot and had to ask my dad and i tried to make sure several times that he even couldnt be sure ahaha, fyi
As a Russian speaker, I appreciate the amount of research you did for this video. Every little thing that needed to be mentioned was perfectly mentioned and explained.
Wow, you haven't lost any detail! Great job👍
Greetings from Kharkiv🇺🇦
wt* author said about "tribes" , what tribes IS?? WAS Rus'! 1 Rus' , not tribes!! East and West part. and so ukrainian and belorussian "languages"(mova`s appeared only after 1991, when USSR has collapsed) . Before that moment , ALL PEOPLE IN USSR(RUSSIA+BELORUS+UKRAINE) SPOKE , SPEAK, AND WILL SPEAK RUSSIAN! AND RUSSIAN ONLY BECOUSE RUSSIAN - LANGUAGE(YAZIK)(Язык), but ukrainian, belorussian=mova,(мова) it is NOT A LANGUAGE , ITS DIALECT!
Разве русское "ё" на украинском не формируется сочетанием "ьо"?
Нет, это делает сочетание "йо", а "ьо" делает звук более похож в английском [ɜː].
@@seanwetson1895, примеры мож дать? Я всегда думал, что существует только один вариант звука "ё" в украинском, кроме тех случаев, когда она первая в слове...
@@user-pk6bk6nu6s йо - крайовий, бойовий, район, батальйон, бульйон, знайомий, підйом, мільйон
ьо - кольорами, польовий, сьогодні, дзьоб, бадьорий, тьохкати
As a native Croatian speaker i can understand Ukrainian very well from what i hear here.
We also have some almost the same words as it seems.
Looking forward to visiting Croatia. I want to check how our languages are similar by myself :)
@@oleksandr_master Specially in the coastal area i would say...
Since we kept some archaisms still in some dialects....
For example...
/color white
Croatian
bijela boja (dalmatian dialect - bila boja)
Ukrainian
білий колір
/grandfather
Croatian
djed (dalmatian dialect - did /dida)
Ukrainian
дід
/grandmother
Croatian
baka (dalmatian d. - baba)
Ukrainian
бабуся
/wind
Croatian
vjetar (dalmatian d. - vitar)
Ukrainian
вітер
/snow
Croatian
snijeg (dalmatian d. - snig)
Ukranian
сніг
and many other similar words....
It's very interesting
@@HladniSjeverniVjetar Yes. We see that Russian is more similar to Croatian than Ukrainian is.
/color white
Croatian
bijela boja (dalmatian dialect - bila boja)
Ukrainian
білий колір
Russian
белый цвет
/grandfather
Croatian
djed (dalmatian dialect - did /dida)
Ukrainian
дід
Russian
дед
/grandmother
Croatian
baka (dalmatian d. - baba)
Ukrainian
бабуся
Russian
бабка
/wind
Croatian
vjetar (dalmatian d. - vitar)
Ukrainian
вітер
Russian
ветер
/snow
Croatian
snijeg (dalmatian d. - snig)
Ukranian
сніг
Russian
снег
As a native Serbian I can understand Croatian 100% even those strange things like uspornik, zrakomlat or predodžba, but I fail to understand either Russian or Ukrainian xDDD
@@ksilofonija2
Uspornik? Šta je to? To nisan nikad čuja...
Zrakomlat se ne koristi skoro pa nikad....
Svi ljudi koriste helikopter...
A predodžba je prilično jednostavna riječ... to je spoj od pred+očiti.
Thank you very much for this theme. It is important
Thanks. That was insightful.
Born to a German mother and a Ukrainian father, I speak pretty good Ukrainian and even better Russian. I'd say, most Ukrainians are at least bilingual and understand Russian, but most Russians find it quite hard to understand Ukrainian. They'd pick a word here, a word there, but, unless it's a Surzhik, Russians don't have a clue. Also, Ukrainians generally have no problem with understanding Belarusian. Educated Ukrainains won't have a hard time understanding Poles and Slovaks. Not to boast, personally, I understand them all pretty well.
Thanks for the vid, Paul. Especially for the political correctness.
Keep it up!
Thats because ukrainian sound like village dialect, with pack of obsolete words.
How wonderful to read words from you international neighbor!
Ich lebe auch in Deutschland und habe ukrainische Wurzeln, aber ich spreche die Sprache leider nicht... bzw. nur sehr schlechtes Russisch
Соседей всегда легче понять. Например, на Брянщине или Смоленщине хорошо понимают белорусский, а в моей Воронежской области мы достатньо добре розумиемо украинську. Верно и обратное: Украинцы (особенно нынешняя молодежь) весьма сильно путается в русском из-за "слов-ловушек", считают, что "под гору" - это вверх, а "запамятовать" = это запомнить, путаются в предлогах и некоторых выражениях (соскучиваются "за" кем-то, а не "по" кому-то; решают дело "за законом" а не "по закону", - что по-русски довольно двусмысленно; и сильно плутают в предлогах "до", "к", "в/у"). Равно как и польский в чем-то ближе украинскому, а в чем-то великорусскому. Например, "trudno" ближе к "трудно", чем к "важко", "гвязда" ближе ко "звезде", чем к "зирке", и мн. др.)
@@user-oq4uj9vf6j А русские как бы и не путаются со словами "вродлива", "небезпека" или "незабаром"? ))) Беларуский, словацкий и польский лексически самые близкие к украинскому - от 80% до 60+% общей лексики соответственно.
I grew up in Belgium. My mother tong is french. My second language is ukrainian. I don't speak russian but I understand it a little bit. But for me Polich and Belarusian is easier to understand.
Good comparison. My native lang is russian but my grandad is from Unkraine and he used to read poems in ukrainian and sing song for us. Understanding ukrainian requires a lot of practice. Speaking requires even more.
Не требует. Засядь в чат-рулетке и через неделю уже сам заговоришь на суржике, и это - не считая просто понимания. При условии, конечно, что ты носитель русского языка.
@@untergangshieroglyphe why so many russian bots accounts have names like this one @user-.......... ? Does anyone knows?
@@unounounoq мамка твоя бот, чесотка ты ебаная))
@@unounounoqthat's just youtube update changed usernames of the most people, it doesn't have to do anything with being a "bot"
@@untergangshieroglyphe на чатрулетці в загальному сидить бидло. Еліта Заходу України розмовляє чистою українською, «мова грошей» у Львові, Тернополі - чиста українська. Ті хто розмовляють суржиком - не освічені люди яким бракує часу піти до книгарні і придбати книжки
As Russian I must say Russian language also have the most of forms that the author presented as having no analogues in Russian. The only thing that has no analogues in Russian is the imperfective synthetic future tense of a verb.
As Croatian and us being Slavs aswell there's around 50-60% of me flat out simply understanding what is being said (especially with use of some Polish and Germanic words that our Northern dialects have picked up on like "Cukar", while south Croats say "Šećer")... In a pinch if you put different Slavs in one room they would either understand eachother or kill eachother... Or both 😂
Depends on how much vodka you add...
Only if one of them is Russian.
😁
They kill each other because they can understand each other, or so
is ukrainian-russian like croatian-serbian?
Hi Paul! Thank you for the video, as always you did a great job!
I come from Poland and I graduated a Russian philology, so I speak the language almost on a native level. When I only started to learn Russian, it was very difficult to find any differences between both languages, however somehow I could understand Ukrainian better than Russian thanks to lexical similarities. After a few months of studying I got so used to the Russian pronunciation, that it suddenly became more and more difficult to understand Ukrainian, for example because of the lack of the letter "г". The Ukrainian pronunciation was the main problem whan it comes to understanding, while the written form was understandable in about 90%. Also the case forms are a bit different, as you showed in the video. After graduating I started to work as a Polish teacher with Ukrainian children who came to Poland. I was surprised, that the younger generation that comes from the western part of the country doesn't speak Russian, but understands it perfectly. On the other hand, the children, who came from Kiev or the territory all the way to the Eastern borders speak both languages as native. I didn't know Ukrainian that time, but after a few days, when my ears got used to the pronunciation, I was in a huge shock how the language is similar to Polish. It seemed to me like a mixture of Polish and Russian vocabulary with old east Slavic grammar and variable stress. It's also worth to mention that Ukrainians speak Russian with a specific accent. Their intonation is more melodic and they don't pronounce the "g" ("г") letter neither, even when they say English lean words. For example one of my Ukrainian friends once said "ya rabotayu v Burher Kinh", which means "I work in a Burger King".
I would like to greet all my Russian and Ukrainian friends, друзья, всех вас обнимаю и шлю приветы из Польши, да здравствуй славянская дружба!
Это ты еще белорусский не слышал))
Я русская, живу на Юге России. Не могу произносить твердую "Г", как и большинство народа здесь :) Это называется "Южно-русский диалект".
@@user-kd6kr8yt3t Догадываюсь, что ты из Воронежа? У меня был в универе оттуда профессор, который говорил именно с таким акцентом, но поскольку это все же русский язык, все было понятно. Что касается украинского, надо тут ещё добавить все чередования гласных в словах, имеющих общий корень с русским, как например "о" переходящее в "i", как кот -> кiт, сколько -> скiлькi. Эта черта тоже сначала не облегчала мне жизни, надо было привыкнуть, но все-таки звучало очень приятно)
@@Solidar1994 Из Ростова-на-Дону.
Hej, Słowianie
Thank you so much. A great review
Thanks you, for explaining such important things ❤️
I am Polish and it is easy to distinct Russian, Ukrainian and Belarussian.
1) If you don't understand anything and there is a lot of "a" sound, it is Russian.
2) If you basically don't understand anything, but there is no "a" amassed, but also you hear this very specific "h", it is Ukrainian . This case, ask to speak slowly, many words would be understood after speaking slowly and simple conversation is possible
3) If you understand quite a lot, even spoken fast, but someone speaks with those eastern melody, this is definitely Belarussuan
And of course written form is obviuos to distinguish - defferent letters.
This specific 'h' have als kuban kosak in Russia and czech people. :) :) but not all ukranian. In the west of Ukraine some dialekts don't have this specific 'h'..
I'm Russian and IMHO and I understand mostly EVERYthing in Polish speaking. As well as belorussians. So we are slavic nations. I like polish culture very much, opposite to ukranian (becouse it'snt at all, only as a part of USSR). So please put the fuck-off your polititiens who licked the hole of USA. We are living close to each others, but US cow-boys are living at their fucking island. Let them to discuss with mexicans and canadians (they are on the knees up to Queen )))
@@Kms356xfgh Lie! Every Ukrainian dialect have "h" sound. There were over 60% Ukrainians in Kuban.
@@Kms356xfgh Yes, "g" to "h" sound shift is common Ukrainian language feature in each dialect.
Omg. This shift is that "specific" sound.
What I really like about Ukrainian is the names of months. For instance:
September - we say Veresen. Related to the heather - the plant.
October - Zhovten. Related to yellow colour.
February - Luyty. This word means "furious" for furiously cold weather.
We don't use the names of Latin emperors or gods, we use words related to nature precesses, which I find more perfect.
“we use words related to nature”. But the same holds true in other Slavic languages: in Polish (stycheń - січень), in Сzech (duben means “an oak month”), in Belorusian. So, Ukrainian in this respect is not very much peculiar, is it?
Yeah, each language has its own beautiful features.
It was one of the points of the video that Ua, Cz and Pl are close.
I suspect that Ru also had had such names of months, but they changed it at some point to look more European-ish.
@@andriyprvdn1777 “It was one of the points of the video that Ua, Cz and Pl are close”. Really? Prove that, please! I think the point was to show “How Different Russian and Ukrainian Are”.
@@mykhayloklen5194 this means that the Ukrainian language belongs to the family of Slavic languages
@@user-qe7qd4lq7q I think yes: the Ukrainian language belongs to the family of Slavic languages. Are there any doubts?
Good presentation. Thank you
I am Russian and I can understand some Ukrainian, similarly to other Slavic languages. Belorussian or even Serbian is easier for me. Ukrainian is closer to Polish, as they share more common words, and in Russian there are more European words from German/English/French.
However, I can easily understand Surzhik, which you have briefly mentioned in the beginning.
I've also noticed several minor errors in your examples, but overall it's a great very accurate video. Thank you!
The concept of "false friends" is something that fascinates me a lot. For me as a Russian, getting to know Polish cuisine was hilariously frustrating, since the Russian dishes "bliny" and "pierogi" are completely different from the Polish dishes under the same names.
Exactly! To clarify for other viewers: for Russians, that Polish phrase sounds like "to a crypt for a funeral reception", and yeah, that's how we get the impression that the neighboring languages are the funniest!
Czech language: hold my beer:)))
@@MegaToyy hold my pivo. All slavs call beer like this, except the Bulgarians, who somehow loaned the word "bira" from somewhere else :)
@@resterdebout57 "вони наше пиво називають "піііііво"
@@meVoSi ...а борщ вони називають "пєрвоє"!
I am Ukrainian. I speak Ukrainian and Russian fluently, but usually I use Russian. My best friend also knows two languages, but usually uses Ukrainian. And this common in Ukraine, when one speaks Russian, and another speaks Ukrainian. And no problem to understand each other.
Definitely, but it does cause problems for foreigners that only speak Ukrainian and can't understand Russian well. I always have trouble when I go to Kyiv, as everyone assumes you understand Russian if you speak Ukrainian. :(
and now the war started, i feel sad when two can communicate but could not agree....
🇺🇦 ❤️
That’s so cool, I wish it was like that here in the US, one speaks the language spoken at home, the other does the same or speaks English.
@@davidsnead7728 Soon there will be only Russian.
Thank you for explaining how these languages are different!
I've been learning and practicing Russian for over a year now, and I know the background of both these languages. I can usually catch the gist of a sign or sentence written in either language. I still struggle with listening, but it is getting better. I plan on learning Russian, Ukrainian, and Polish at least. I'm a Polish American and want to learn that, but it's too complex to learn by itself. I'm learning the other two on the basis of familiarity. Kinda like how in English schools you (used to) learn Latin and Spanish with it.
О! Какой ты молодец! Я тоже полька по маме, но живу в России и говорю по русски. Польский и украинский мне понятны, польский на 50%, украинский на 80%
As a Ukrnian I CAN NOT BELIVE YOU MADE THIS VIDEO! YOU RULE PAUL!!!!
@Jakaŭ ישראל, not all of us, just this guy above.
it's always a shock for us Ukrainians to know someone pays extra attention to our language and culture. this is the post-colonial way of thinking
@Jakaŭ ישראל First:You are weird
Second:it is because now about Ukraine and the slavs nobody say anything. I hate this geographic and cultural impotence of Americans and Western Europe.
@@mochasoseda1862, but why do they need to say anything about slavs?
@@sq3527 why not? We are a vast nation, and after all, we are sat on pretty big territory of Europe.
Honestly I didn't expect that somebody can so professionally unravel materials of this subject, every little detail about two languages was said, you did some great and thorough work here, thank you from Ukraine, Paul. 🇺🇦❤️
Love ukrainian Boys 😍😄
Я просто безмежно почав його поважати. Справді, чудовий матеріал.
Я теж подивися із задоволенням)
13:30 "женщина, что сидит на стуле" is perfectly valid in Russian, although some would say that this has some poetic/olden vibe. In both cases however ("которая сидит"/"что сидит") an accent is made on the fact that she is sitting on the chair, making this just as important if not more important than that she's a woman. Usualy to mark that there's other woman/women that are not sitting on the char, or that she's stood up from the chair or is about to.
As a Ukrainian, I can relate to the similarities and differences between russian and Ukrainian. Both languages seemed quite similar to me because I natively speak them. With time I understood that Ukrainian is much more similar to the Bielorus language and to Polish as you mentioned at the beginning of the video. It is really nice to see the similarity in numbers.
I wonder, from your experience, do Russians in Ukraine ever say "Deikuju" ? Or do they normally always say Spasiba?
@@sk-sm9sh "дякую"
Fun facts: In Serbian "chas" or "čas" or "час" means both "time" and "hour", "nedilya" or "nedelja" or "недеља" means both "sunday" and "week", "layati" or "layat" or "lajati" or "лајати" means both "to bark" and "to scold" or more accurately "to swear" or to "talk dirty" or "to talk big but do nothing".
Brate.... Šteta što nismo jedan veliki narod... Pa bilo kojom kombinacijom nek se priča....stvarno žalosno da se puno riječi zadržalo al ipak ostao dovoljno da bude nerazumljivo....Max razlike između slavenskih jezika su trebale bit kao sto su srpski i hrvatski ...šteta... Zamisli koliko bi mogli gledati slušati čitati poljskih bjeloruskih ukrajinskih ruskih čeških slovačkih stvari ....
So how do you say "See you next week" so it doesn't mean "See you next Sunday"?😂
in Russian you could Say "kotoriy chas" and in this case it mean "what time is it now"
@@carmenandreea You don't. xD
@@zlatkok8262 To je lijepa zamisao, ali je nemoguće, jer jezik je živa stvar. Jezici okolnih naroda utiču uveliko na razvoj određenog jezika. Mijenjaju se riječi, izgovori, dijalekti, način pisanja, samo pismo... Sloveni žive na ogromnom prostoru stotinama, ako ne i hiljadama godina, stoga je nemoguće da pričaju svi isto.
I am Ukrainian, but before the the school I have spoken only Russian. I love my native language, but still speak Russian the most. I have never met Ukrainians, who didn`t understand Russian, but almost every Russian didn't know Ukrainian. Those languages are really similar, but I hate, when anyone says, Ukrainian is Russian`s dialect. I'm trying to speak only Ukrainian. Thank you for video. And sorry for my English.
Ну як сказати у тебе не погана англійська, покраще ніж у мене притому що я живу в США
Why would you force yourself to speak Ukrainian?
I was born in Eastern Ukraine - so I speak Russian and had to learn Ukrainian. Later, I moved to Canada, where I learned English and French, plus lived in England for a bit. And I can see why some people would say Ukrainian and Russian are dialects. For me, learning and speaking English or French was a lot more difficult than learning and speaking Ukrainian. Speaking Ukrainian always felt like I am just tweaking what I want to say in Russian. Having lived in England and Canada, I've seen the difference between English dialects and French dialects (especially French dialects) and I have to say that I feel like the difference between Russian and Ukrainian is similar. Hence, I personally feel that Ukrainian and Russian are both dialects of the Slavic Language. But that could be because there is no separation between learning and speaking a language from a different language group and from the similar language group. I watched this guy"s videos on differences between Latin languages (ex. French and Italian), and I feel like if I spoke those two languages fluently, I would be saying that they are both dialects of the Latin language.
Well, children from Ukrainian-speaking families who don't learn Russian have troubles with understanding some Russian words and it is difficult for them to learn maths in Russian or the like.
I'm not from the country and maybe i don't know a lot about people there but i guess Ukrainians must stop learning russian and all learn Ukrainian. Language is a basic factor to have sovereignty. When u lose Russian language u ll lose a lot of Russian authority on u.
5:20 just like some other false friends. sometimes, we, russians, also use the word "час" in the meaning of time. the word "сварити" echoes with a russian "сварливый" which is kinda similar to the "scoldish" if we say it about some person. most of false friends between russian and ukrainian or belarussian languages aren't very false, it's just twisted in one or another way, but it's still may be understandable. just sometimes, not always, of course. i just think it would be cool if false friends topic had some more context and examples of use which definitely helped. anyway, thank you for this video, it was really interesting for me.
Being Polish, it's interesting to see all the borrowed Polish words (that we seem to have borrowed ourselves as well).
Yeah! "That word was only resting in our account," as Father Ted might say. Through traffic from Germany...
In the late 1500s the city of Kiev, now the capitol of Ukraine, was in Poland.
@@dennycrane4444 Having gained control of most of present-day Ukraine from their counterparts in their 'joint' monarchy, the Lithuanians, until they lost it to Tsarist Russia.
What an agreeable sort of species we are.
@@dennycrane4444 Al the way to 1900 it was Polish culturally in many ways.
Don't forget that Lviv, or Lwów, was very much culturally a Polish city until end of WW2. Most of it's educational institutions, many cultural places, palaces were build by Poles or Ruthenians who used Polish as their daily language. I visited Lwów in 1979 and when we asked older lady in her 60s in Polish. Surprisingly her answer was mostly in Polish Lwów dialect.
Please compare Polish to Czech/Slovak
Watch the Ecolinguist channel, he makes videos, where he speaks via skype with a Czech guy, comparing vocabulary. It's quite interesting
Dobry pomysł.
Theyre very different
I'm more interested in the similarities and differences between Czech and Slovak. (Polish is more of a distinct Slavic language than Czech and Slovak are there.)
Right, that would be more interesting
Such a helpful lesson. I`m from Spain, but I always wanted to learn Russian and Ukrainian languages. Thank you for this miracle!
good luck!
удачи
хай щастить
Good luck! I can help you with Russian if you want
Start with portuguese, way easier to understand and get used to slavic sounds 😂
@@electroaddiction вообще не похожи португальские звуки на русские
Me too.. these two languages are beautiful ✨❤😌
As a Ukrainian that speaks by both languages i can say that they are similar in grammar and some vocabulary, but have a huge difference in pronunciation. Though video is really great? thank you!
yea i think written slavic languages in general are a lot more similar to russian than spoken ones
Thank you, I am Ukrainian living abroad and I am just exhausted to explain these differences. Now I will use your video!
And I am tired to hear that we are Russians when people asking where you are from. I have to explain that Ukrainians are a different nation with its own language. Many still think that Ukraine & Russia are 2 countries but one nation. Muscovian Propaganda was effective over the centuries and Ukrainians sadly didn't do anything against it. It started only 5 years ago.
реально думаешь, что он что-то сможет понять, он даже термин Аннексия путает с термином Сецессия!)
@@Andrij_Kozak because there, all Soviet people are perceived as Russian! this is Hollywood propaganda! not Moscow
@@akkuratistoff1134 I mean how stupid people can be to call Chechens,Kalmyks,Buryats etc. "Russians" ????
@@Andrij_Kozak , россияне! Russians -
the definition of citizenship, 190 nationalities in Russia to the Russians! ie the Russian nation.
it's like an American nation with a conglomerate of different ethnicities!
you confuse the broad concept of Nation, with the narrow concept of nationality! American on your what nationality?
I'm Russian, who has never been to Ukraine, I don't have Ukrainian relatives, and I don't hear this language in real life. Once I wanted to watch a Ukrainian TV show, and at first I was a little confused because I thought that I could understand Ukrainian automatically, but in reality this is not entirely true. I could get some words or sentences, but it was surprisingly difficult. Anyway, I continued to watch this, and the meaning of the speech became more and more clear to me. It took me about 20 minutes to get used to Ukrainian and understand 80% of the show ( image helped me a lot). Then, after several series and shows in Ukrainian, I easily understand it, thanks to this I also understand Polish pretty well now. Languages aren't the same, but if you know one of them, you can learn another language way more easily than languages of other language groups.
Did you drink during those 20 minutes? 😁
The first time I saw Quadrophenia it took me ten minutes to realize they're speaking English. I'm American and had significant exposure to RP, but that dialect was something else.
@@sluggo206 was the same with me when I first met an Irish 😂
I couldn't understand Ukrainian at first, but when I started watching the news and TV shows in Ukrainian I learnt it very quickly. Of course I can't speak Ukrainian now, but can easily understand it. So, it only takes some practice.
i'm sure you can't understand Polish because of Ukrainian TV shows. I live in Ukraine the whole life and sometimes watch winter sport which is often streamed only in Polish TV and it's very complex to understand more than 30% of polish speech. Obviously, written Polish is more understandable
As a person who knows both I completely agree that those languages are different.
But the information about grammar is misleading. For example there is word to be есть in Russia too and it sound exactly like the polish one. So you can say Это не есть законо. You also can say я было(was) читал(read) эту(this) книгу(book) which is similar to Ukrainian. Also Женщина, что сидит на стули can be said in Russian. Please double check this kind of information.
@@doctorc499 Well there are a lot of words which are completely different. For example the word мешкаю, this word would completely mislead Russians and a lot of examples. Many Russians really don’t understand Ukrainian 100% I would say they understand 50/60%. But the grammar is almost the same.
Maybe you understand Ukrainian better because you also know English there are some words which come from German and similar with eng for example the word map in Ukrainian it is мапа in Russian карта or paper which is папiр in ua and бумага in ru etc
@@doctorc499 Yeah probably the eastern dialect is easier to understand for you because it is some sort of mixture. Ukrainian is the closest Slavic language to Russian but it is still different.
Check this video
th-cam.com/video/e_IZkB2fg-w/w-d-xo.html
A question about 15:39: you say that the word працювати is borrowed from Polish "pracowac". How can we determine that the Ukrainian word was borrowed specifically from Polish language and not from let's say Czech ("pracovat")? Does it also mean that the Czech word was borrowed from Polish too? Or was it vice versa, the Polish word was borrowed from Czech and then into Ukrainian? Thanks.
Generally, because of the geographical proximity (closeness). Even Slovak is more closed with Ukraine geographically than Czech. Some words still were borrowed from Czech by Poles, and then from Polish to Ukrainian. It was for example with the Ukrainian word "ретельний" ("thorough"). It is partial and distant cognate with different meaning with the Czech word "zreti" , "zretelny", Ukrainian "зріти", Russian "зреть", "зрительный". But actually this Ukrainian word is not now any cognate especially to "зріти, "зреть" and "зрительный".
Among the other methods (besides geographical) which are used in historical linguistics (and in Etymology) concerning a word origin research it is probably very notale the method of "the regular sound correspondendences (changes)".
According this method we can talk that this word sounds exactly or similar like in Polish or Czech and does not have Ukrainian-Czech or UkrainianPolish regular sound correspondences between cognate words or cognate morphemes in the partial cognate words.
For example, the Ukrainian word "тлумачити" sounds very similar to Polish, in the same time as there is dialecticall Ukrainian word "товмачити" (and also the Russian dialectical word толмачить) with not overlapping or not the same meaning. But "товмачити" does have "regular sound correspondences (changes) " with Polish "tlumaczyc' " unlike "тлумачити". So, the latter is a Polish loanword and non-cognate to "товмачити".
Also, праця may have common or close roots with Russian and Ukrainian "праща" and perhaps with the Standard Ukrainian прати (together with its dialectical meanings like "to beat", "to strike"). But it's not now the cognate (relative) to them.
As a Slovak I can easily distinguish ukrainian from russian and ukrainian share more similarities with slovak.
nice to hear. We will visit Kosice very soon by the way :) Thus will try to understand Slovak. I speak Polish too, so I assume I will not have too much issues with your language.
both of your courtry belongs to slavic race. no wonder why so similar
Ukrainian and Belarusian took a lot of borrowed words from Polish, so they are more similar to West Slavic languages. Russian took more borrowed words from non-Slavic languages like Finno-Ugric, Turkic and later German, French and English (in 18th-19th century aristocracy rarely even spoke Russian, so amount of borrowed words from German and French was enormous)
@@KateeAngel It is known fact that Ukrainian has 2 times more Turcismuses in their language than does Russian (hell, even their main square bears Turkic name)
Yeah, sometimes, I read different texts in other Slavic languages. It's kind like hobby. I found many similarities of Ukrainian and Slovak languages. Czech is relatively harder to read.
It is very dangerous to say "Kniga" in USA.
U can use ukrainian "Knyga"
If you pronounce it properly, with a clear "k" and a long "i" (k'neeguh), nah, not really.
@@kartaiss guys, that was a joke, don't take it so seriously.
📔NIGA - tvoi drug i uchitel
(kniga, of course)
@@petroyobka6305 "i" and "y" are pronounced the same in English, so it makes no difference
8:06 This sound depends on the city of residence. Most often, the sound "o" turns into the sound "a" in Moscow and the regions located near it. For example, I live in Arkhangelsk and in this city, and in principle the whole Arkhangelsk oblast(state) does not have this transition from the sound "o" to "a".
15:07 In Russian, there is also another form of "because": "Так как" (Tak kak)
4:20 additional information for the discussion of fljaga vs. butelka
- Фляга (‘fljaga) or Фляжка (‘fljashka):
In Russian language фляга оr фляжка is a historic equivalent of a contemporary water bottle - it’s a vessel with liquid you carry with you while outside your home. Фляга was usually made out of metal, and you can carry it in a pocket or on a leather strap on your body. Historically wine or liquor would be carried, after water became safe, water, too, would be carried in фляжка. If you can imagine a movie character lost in a desert and on the verge of dying from dehydration, the saving hand would be giving water to him from Фляжка, that they carried with them across the said desert.
Ex:
Фляжка с вином (fljashka s vinom) = 'Fljashka (i.e. portable vessel) with wine.
Фляга с водой (fljaga s vadoi) = 'Fljaga (i.e. portable vessel) with water.
- Бутылка (bu’tylka) is a bottle, mostly historically made out of glass, can also be a plastic bottle nowadays. Milk, water, alcohol - any fluid can be carried or sold in it (bottle of milk, bottle of wine).
Ex:
Бутылка молока (bu'tylka molo'ka) = bottle of milk,
Бутылка с водой (bu'tylka s va'doi) = bottle with water
Бутылка вина (bu'tylka vi'na) = bottle of wine
For the Ukrainian word ра’нок (ra’nоk = morning) -- Russian language uses the same root to say ‘рано (‘rana = early) and споза’ранок (spaza’ranak = in the early morning, before sunrise)
For a Norwegian without knowledge of these languages, it is difficult to hear a difference. I suppose for most people it is like Norwegian and Swedish - there are clear differences, but in the big picture the languages are quite similar :)
Hvitserk same for me (french native speaker ): these languages sound exactly the same to me.
I am an Ukrainian and speak both languages, the difference for me is, obviously extremely noticeable. I live in Portugal tho and one of my portuguese friends thought they sound the same too so I sent him lots of music clips and told him to guess the language it was sung in. In some cases he could discern them imediately because quote "that sound was extremely russian" or "that doesn't sound too russian". Try that too, it's fun
@@benjaminb5889 the same language in Germany and in Switzerland or Austria? or differents in Czechs and Slovakian, or Bulgarian and Macedonian...
I've seen Swedes and Norwegians communicate with each other each using their own native language, but I don't think that can happen between Russian and Ukrainian speakers (also you can never actually see this because nearly all Ukrainian speakers also speak Russian).
@@noamto Norwegians and Swedes can usually talk together without any problems depending on where we come from. The languages are closely related, but really it's about a dialect continium. The farther one is from another in physical distance, the greater the difficulty one has in understanding each other and visa versa (which I also believe is the case in Ukraine). As Paul points out in his video about the Germanic Scandinavian languages, we easily switch to English if we have any trouble understanding each other (and this is both a good thing and a bad thing depending on how you look at it). It's easy for Scandinavians to learn English - maybe too easy :)
As half russian and half ukrainian, i have to say that your video is deep enogh even for native speakers. Good luck, Paul!
P.S. I'm sorry for mistakes i've probably made.
P.P.S Не, ну, это лайк однозначно!
This guy forgot to mention that Russian language was born in Kyiv and has evolved in Kyiv for 250 years. He also forgot to mention that the modern Ukrainian is quite different from the vernacular language of Kyivan Rus. And in many ways actually the modern Russian is closer to it than the modern Ukrainian. So the popular argument in Ukraine that the modern Russian has nothing to do with Kyivan Rus is a total lie.
@@solar75wind russian was not born there. And modern russian and that east slavic that in Rus was spoken are different. And russian was formed long after Rus collapsed. And modern Ukrainian is much most likely the closest to old East Slavic just like Italian is closest to Latin
@Alex H You made my day xDDDD
Btw, do you think is it possible to create a standardized language for the 3 countries?
але руССкій - не національність.
Grazieeeee for your study
Pretty concise and informative video. I am a native speaker of both of them.
as a Slovak, I think that Ukrainian is in a lot of cases very close to Slovak language...
Btw, one more different pair of words between UA and RU:
Thank you:
RU: спасибо (spasibo)
UA: дякую (d'yakuyu) - which is close to Slovak word Ďakujem
In Ukrainian there is also a plural form дякуемо ( ми дякуемо).
But UA also has (spasybi)
I think Slovak is close to all Slavic languages because Slovakia is located in the center of Slavic lands.
I think that Paul will say is a Polish word. :)))
Ukrainan has some simmlarities with Polish
I can speak Russian and can't understand anything in Ukrainian. I was once watching a video where people were being asked questions on the street in Russian, but I was surprised when I couldn't understand one girl and thought my Russian wasn't as good as I thought. I asked my Russian friend to help and she said she was speaking Ukrainian.
Great video as always!
If you don't understand "anything" in Ukrainian, you can't speak Russian well.
@@noienzalbe9661 Well I was exaggerating a little. I can understand a few words, maybe 30-40%, but can never get the full meaning
In Ukraine people normally expect that everyone is bilingual, and often answer in their first language, even if asked in the other one.
@@languageswithtom2634 What is your native language?
@@infaiterred5411 English, I learned Russian out of interest
great video. .thank you
Being a Ukrainian and a linguist, I can say that grammar in these languages is similar to a large extend, while word formation and pronunciation differ greatly. Intonation and punctuation are pretty similar as well.
The fact that Ukrainian people can understand russian is due to tragic for Ukrainian culture historical events when Ukrainian language was forbidden in educational establishments, literature in the language was burnt and Ukrainian intellectuals were physically terminated (soviet policy). At the same time russian was "promoted" and was the only one legal language of official communication.
@@helengroza Можно поподробней о советской политике уничтожения,в какие годы это было и зачем?
@@sarisofor6728 Подивись заборони і перегляди українських словників, вилучення багатьох слів, насаджування російської мови в Україні
@@sarisofor6728 en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executed_Renaissance
That's something to start with
@@user-cr5jw6pc2g Я нашел список ограничений и запретов украинского языка за разные века.А где именно про СССР почитать можно?Книги,авторы?
One of the main differences between these two languages is the prnounciation. The Russian one is based on a strong vowels reduction, so a standard Rusdian speech is full of schwas (like English, European Portuguese, Catalan, etc), while the Ukrainian one tends to pronounce all the vowels in the same way regardless if they are stressed or are not
But often Ukrainian vowels are surprisingly different, like the abundance of [i] where Russian has [o] or [e].
@@brumm3653 yes, but the Ukrainian has so called sounds alteration in other cases (Genitive, Dative, etc). For example, nominative бiль (bil, ache), but in genitve болi , сiль (sil, salt) - солi
Exactly ☝️ This is probably the key feature that defines the different ‘music’ of spoken Ukrainian and Russian. Wish Paul mentioned this.
I want to see a video about vowel reduction and whether any languages have specific letters for reduced vowels.
Something I imagine will happen to my language (Bulgarian) as it keeps evolving is that eventually 2 new letters will be added for the 2 ubiquitous unstressed vowels. Basically any time "o" or "u" (as in "put") is unstressed, it's pronounced as the same vowel that's distinct from both "o" and "u". Same with "a" and "u" (as in "but"), which have their own combined unstressed vowel. This leads to a lot of frustration for schoolchildren, and I imagine foreigners, while trying to learn the written language, and puts a big dent in an orthography which prides itself on having a 1:1 correlation between spelling and pronunciation.
@
Lukashov Artem
I was surprised to see you mention Catalan ^^
Just wanted to point out that not all Catalan dialects use atonic vowel neutralization.
Only *Central* _(Barcelona, Girona)_ , *Northern* _(Pyrenees region, Andorra, old Catalan territories in France)_ and *Balearic* _(Mallorca, Menorca, Eivissa)_ do.
*Western* _(Lleida, most of Tarragona)_ and *Valencian* _(Castelló, València, Alacant)_ do not neutralize atonic vowels.
I am an American-born Ukrainian speaker, meaning I do not have as much exposure to Russian as would someone in Ukraine. I consider myself to be conversationally fluent or at least proficient in Ukrainian. To answer the question posed at the end of the video, I would say that Russian is fairly understandable for a Ukrainian speaker even without the Russian language familiarity. I think there are enough cognates that if I try to read Russian or if it is spoken at a slower pace I can understand it relatively well. I have held conversations with Russian speakers in the past where we have no common language between us, but we can more or less figure out the message and the topic. Regardless, there IS a very large difference between the two, and I have to emphasize that although I can understand some Russian, I can in no way form a Russian sentence.
Also, my family is from Western Ukraine, and I agree that there is a lot more Polish than Russian influence.
@@yustinahryciw8867 Файне ім'я. Рідко здибаєш таке тепер.
That is fascinating. I can't tell you how many people in my uni would like to research your speech.
@@tearsintheraincantfeelthep475 unfortunately I've now begun studying Russian, so I might mess up the data :/
You really do a lot of research
Are the languages different enough that you'd recommend using both if you were making flyers for the Ukrainian community in your area? Or would the difference be too small to spend the extra money?
as a linguist with ukrainian and russian background this was peak content
As a Bulgarian that has studied Russian in school and also Polish, while living in Poland, I sometimes understood Ukrainian better than Polish people around me, and Ukrainian better than Russian people around me. Mostly it's about your motivation to understand the person next to you.
Im polish too :3
I’m from Ukraine and just found a friend from Bulgaria. u guys are so fine. I’ll try to learn Bulgarian so we can communicate better!
Interesting enough, Bulgarians understand Russian better than viceversa.
I’m Ukrainian, speak both Ru and Ua. Was reading Bulgarian web sites and was understanding everything. It’s really surprised me, I’ve heard a lot about similarities of Ukrainian and Polish, or Belarusian, but didn’t ever think that it will be so easy for me to understand Bulgarian language:)
s a Slovak I can only laught about you all. I never wanted come here, because i know what will be here for propaganda. First we have in our country maybe 100 such as languages like this "ukrainian" and nobody makes them a nation. Is absolutly normal that Ukrainian speak slovak. And why ?. Here comes the most laughing part , becauase Slovak and Polen came from Russia. Slovaks were first russian ever because near Novgorod were Slovene = Slovaks . And Polen=Polani were ostwards Moskva, south Russia. And there is worst part here, i can't say how stupid all you are here. 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣😁🤣😂😂😂
As usual a great informative video!! Thank you soo much!! I am learning Polish.. and the work Ale (but is also in Polish as well.. used the same way.. 🥰
Just want to add two things.
1. There is no Old Church Slavonic - it is Old Bulgarian which is spread together with the Christianity and with the time on different places it is changed so you can speak for Russian redaction, Serbian redaction, etc.
2. I saw you don't have comment on the word for "morning" - "утро" (utro) is connected with the Bulgarian word for "morning" "утро" (utro). Ukrainian ранок (ranok) is connected with the Bulgarian word "рано" (rano), which means "early".
Still, it is necessary to add also this thing. If the Russian "утро" is real common vocabulary to Bulgarian "утро" (the same meaning), the Ukrainian "ранок" is not common vocabulary but "lexical distance" to the Bulgarian "рано" because they don't have completely the same meaning. And their meaning is not so close because "early" is much wider than "morning". Many things on the Earth may be early, but just one of them is "morning" (earl part of a day).
Despite, having of common root " ранок" and "рано" are not cognates ("relatives") but partial cognates (partial relatives) in their origin and structure and different vocabulary in the meaning.
Why are they just "partial" ?Because there are "irregular" sound change in suffix of this Ukrainian word.
It is necessary to know what sound changes are regular and what are irregular.
If we take Ukrainian "ворона" (crow) and Bulgarian "врана" the insertion of "o" in this Ukrainian word is regular (evolutionary from Proti-Slavic) sound changes. So, this two word are complete relatives ( cognates). These regular sound changes are as rule frequent and even very frequent. For example Ukrainian "ворог" (enemy) and Bulgarian "враг".
But insertion of "k" in the Ukrainian "ранок" is irregular
So, these words are just partial cognates and different meanings makes them lexical distance, because cognates and lexical simillarity are not the same thing.😮
@@kezgoblair sometimes the words with the times narrow their meanings. Like the Bulgarian "воня" which in Old Bulgarian means generally "smell" but now it means "bad smell"
@@zmechik Yes. The difference between between this Old Bulgarian and Bulgarian pair "воня - воня" on one side and this Russian-Ukrainian pair "рано-ранок" (unlike the Ukrainian "рано" early ) is that the modern Bulgarian word changed meaning in comparison to Old Bulgarian by "narrowing" and "specification" but obviously did not changed the structure of word (i.e. alien extra suffix was not added). So there these two words became "false friends of translator" (complete cognates with the different meaninng). Of course, "false friends" are "lexical distance" between each other usually and not the "lexical similarity".
In the case of Russian - Standard Ukrainian pair "рано - ранок" , the adding of alien "extra" suffix "- (o)k", breaking the structure, makes these two words to be the "partial cognates with different meaning".
I am an american (american english) who spent time learning ukrainian as a second language while living in ukraine. this is very accurate. I heard enough russian to understand it but to learn it is completely different. I studied ukrainian language and speak ukrainian (fluently) . although I can get by in spoken russian, reading and writing are far more difficult to try to do. Thanks you for the video!
It's true. The basis for Belarusian, Polish and Ukrainian is local folk languages, Slavic languages. Based on them, a living written language was formed.
The Russian language was created about two or three centuries ago on the basis of the old Bulgarian language brought by the church.
The similarity between the Ukrainian and Russian languages is only because for many centuries in both countries books were written and printed only in the church, and the Ukrainian language existed in spoken form. Some of the old Bulgarian words remained in the language, and also became the basis of the mix of Finno-Ugric languages and Bulgarian, which we call Russian.
Every country of the Orthodox world has Old Bulgarian and Greek words in its language, but this does not mean that they are related to the Ukrainian or Polish language.
Taras Shevchenko statues everywhere for good reason. Слава Україні! Слава кобзар!
@@kosiakevych thanks for some of that history! Knew a bit but really appreciate more details and context. I took a couple years of Russian in high school and started learning Ukrainian last year and have been amazed by the way Ukrainian relates to other Eastern euro languages much more than Russian. It's a beautiful language 💙💛
Вау! Як це приємно бачити, що іноземці розуміють тонкощі ношої мови. Як не Крути а звучить вона куди приємніше аніж москальська