What is Nuclear Binding Energy? (and BE per nucleon curve)
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VIDEO DESCRIPTION ► What is Binding Energy of a nucleus?
If you take a nucleus, and compare its mass with the mass of its constituent particles like protons, neutrons and electrons, you would probably expect both the masses to be the same. But, that is not what happens.
The mass of a nucleus, as it turns out is less than its constituent particles. There is a 'mass defect' between the aggregate - nucleus and its constituent - particles. This can be explained by the concept of Binding Energy.
Binding Energy is the energy needed or the work that needs to be done against the nuclear forces to break apart a nucleus into its constituent particles. Conversely, it is also the energy released when such constituent particle come together to form a nuclei in the first place.
Higher the Binding energy of a nucleus, higher is going to be the stability of the nucleus.
A nuclear transformation that leads to increase in Binding Energy will always lead to the Emission of Energy.
The Binding Energy Curve shows a graphical comparison between the Binding Energy per Nucleon with increasing Mass Number. It can explain the two regions, corresponding to nuclear fission and fusion.
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3) Quantization of Angular Momentum ► • What is Quantization o...
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6) Binding Energy of Nucleus & BE Curve ► • What is Nuclear Bindin...
7) Parity of Wave function ► • What is Parity of a Wa...
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Why nuclear fusion reactions in massive stars stop in iron through the concept of binding energy?
Bhai kuch jabardast banao
Hi sir i want to say you that in the last of this video you say as binding energy increases the energy will release instead you have to say as binding energy per nucleon increases energy should be releases and it also stabilises the nucleus..
Conservation of Spatial Curvature (both Matter and Energy described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature)
Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together.
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String Theory was not a waste of time, because Geometry is the key to Math and Physics. However, can we describe Standard Model interactions using only one extra spatial dimension?
What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles? Fixing the Standard Model with more particles is like trying to mend a torn fishing net with small rubber balls, instead of a piece of twisted twine.
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
“We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr
(lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957-8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958)
The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics?
When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Charge" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry.
Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Mesons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to what I am saying in this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other.
Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. If a twisted tube winds up on one end and unwinds on the other end as it moves through space, this would help explain the “spin” of normal particles, and perhaps also the “Higgs Field”. However, if the end of the twisted tube joins to the other end of the twisted tube forming a twisted torus (neutrino), would this help explain “Parity Symmetry” violation in Beta Decay? Could the conversion of twist cycles to writhe cycles through the process of supercoiling help explain “neutrino oscillations”? Spatial curvature (mass) would be conserved, but the structure could change.
Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons?
Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension?
Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons
. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The production of the torus may help explain the “Symmetry Violation” in Beta Decay, because one end of the broken tube section is connected to the other end of the tube produced, like a snake eating its tail. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process, which is also found in DNA molecules.
Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
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Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms. We know there is an unequal distribution of electrical charge within each atom because the positive charge is concentrated within the nucleus, even though the overall electrical charge of the atom is balanced by equal positive and negative charge.
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In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137.
1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface
137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted.
The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.)
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How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter?
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Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles?
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I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist producing a twisted 3D/4D membrane. The model grew out of that simple idea.
I was also trying to imagine a way to stuff the curvature of a 3 D sine wave into subatomic particles.
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Crystal clear explanation love from USA
After a long time I got some one who actually explained my doubts
Thank you for this, I've been searching for a simple answer for a long time, you explained it really well.
Your explanation is really pleasing... Kudos to your hard work on the board.
Finally found someone who can explain this in a simpler and fascinating way
You single-handedly saved my physics project from doom. Thanks!
Very useful .. I really appreciate your efforts
Teaching style is so intresting and impressive.the way of using languge is so good sir.....
Concept is clear sir ......very good explanation
First educational video to have ZERO dislikes. Very great sir!
I'm here for 1 dislike
well i am here to discard your dislike as you did not actually disliked this but wanted to prove the original commentor wrong do you disliked to disprove the like of the person
@@thesecret_star1978
So well explained... Even the nuclear fusion and fission in terms of binding energy
Sir ur nuclear physics lectures are best
Just understood the fusion/fission part of the graph, Thank you!
Please make video on eigen value and eigen function
explanation is too good thanks sir
this guy made the topic interesting
This is the best video on this topic which i have ever seen. What a nice explaination. Thank you sir
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Outstanding explanation ,thanks bro
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Thankyou sir!You cleared all my doubts. Many many thanks❤
Thank you so much sir ji.....🙏🙌🙏
Osm sir...your lecture is in so simple manner and so conceptual...make it unique from others...love your teaching sir🙏
Now I got understood... thank you sir...
Sir plzzz make videos on lattice vibration related topics
Flawless explanation and very easy to understand all the concepts 🙏
Superb explanation.. lots of love from a Physics Student❤️❤️
Thank you so much sir for this valuable lecture 🙏🏻
Please upload more lectures
On various topic
Working on that..
@@FortheLoveofPhysics all the best 👍
Thank You so much for the clarity ❤️
Awesome sir...!!!
Sir u r amazing .....I can feel a part of modern physics thnqq sir 😊
Sir u explained it very well 👏
Great clarity in explanation!!
Well explained, Sir!!
Excellent
So grateful . Thanks a lot:)
Great teaching sir
Thank you so much sir.... It helps a lot... 👍
Super sir.What a detailed explanation.
Thank you so much for this 👐🏻🙂
You deserve great respect ......😊
Very good explanation sir😀
great video but why is it that a higher binding energy per nucleon means that energy is released?
Super explanation sir thank you so much
Hila dala sir ji😳♥️
Thank you sir
Sir great.
But i think there need some explanation or correction for scenario talked at 11:25 lesser BE reactants if form higher BE product then energy is required to start such nuclear transformation so energy is also required at reactant side, and vice versa. Sir please explain
Excellent explanation ❣️👌
Sir plz make a video on electric quadruple moment
Thank you Sir
Thank you and welcome :)
outstanding knowlwdge
Thanks Sir
Thanks 🎉
Zabardast sir, continue your work....🙏🔥🔥
Sir
Plz upload a lecture on families of particles ( leptons,mesons,baryons ,hardons)
Good one i watched ever
Thanks u sir 😇🙏❤
Detailed explanation 👌🤘
Sir, You are really amazing!
Excellent
Sir my doubt is : what is the difference between Q-value and binding energy ?
Hello, and Great Video!! Question... Does the value of Binding energy equate to stability, or is it the BE/Nucleon? It looks to me that the peak value of the BE/Nucleon curve gives maximum stability, while a heavier element , which has a higher BE, wouldn't necessarily be stable. Do I have a conceptual error? Thank you again for these videos!
Very good man!
I think ,( expected mass - actual mass ) is called the 'mass disappearance' and 'mass defect ' implies the difference between the actual mass and the Atomic Number
Thank you
Bht acha smjhaya
you are awesome as always.
Tq ..Sir for...this very vedio..
You are doing great
I like your vedios
Very good video
Nickel 62 is the nucleus with highest binding energy per nucleon ever (even higher than that of Iron 56)
Sir, Fe (iron) have the highest binding energy ~8.3MEV. Neither Fe have magic no. Nor it have its octet is complete. Then why is its binding energy highest bcz higher binding energy means higher stability. Also why not inert gases have the highest binding energy bcz they are the most stable ones in the periodic table.
BE depends on many different factors. Magic number only tells us about nuclear energy levels. Volume, surface, columbic, asymmetry, pairing energy are other factors that contribute to BE
Inert gases are chemically inert because their electronic energy levels are filled. But that doesn't mean that the nuclear energy levels are also complete. One has to do with the electronic structure. Other has to do with inside the nucleus
@@FortheLoveofPhysics sir i unterstood the point of inert gases but one doubt still I'm having is why iron have highest B.E
@@yogeshyadav698 We can't argue with the experimental fact that iron has the highest B.E. per nucleon. All we can do is just verify this fact by a bit of logical arguments. Iron has the highest B.E. maybe because the nucleons inside it are arranged in such a manner that the potential energy due to the arrangement of nucleons inside the nucleus gives the minimum possible value. So it means the stability is also the highest. Similar arguments can be given about quark-quark interaction between the nucleons. Maybe quarks interact with each other in such a manner so as to bind the entire nucleus in an intact manner. This has also got to do something with the size of iron nucleus. Its size is small enough so that he strong nuclear force is "strong" enough to keep the nucleons blasting off from each other due to coulombic repulsion (electrostatic repulsiopn) between the protons.
Nature works this way. All we can do is just verify why iron has the highest B.E./nucleon. Any other element could also have it....but its lucky for iron that it has such an arrangent of nucleons which in turn makes the most stable nucleus.
I likes your vedio these are for higher classes but I have some confusion in ncert questions 13.12& 13.3
Here how we recognize the masses are of atoms or nucleii
If you explain I shall be thankful to you
No wonder the videos has 0 dislikes
Is it really true that higher BE per nucleon mean higher stability? well the BE per nucleon of Carbon 14 is 7.548 MeV/nucleon while Nitrogen 14 has 7.4786 MeV/nucleon, the conclusion should be that Carbon 14 is more stable than Nitrogen 14 while in reality everyone knows that Carbon-14 is radioactive so there is no way it can be more stable than Nitrogen 14 which is non-radioactive
Some amout of mass is converted into energy during nuclear fisssion of u235 nucleus right? Where is this MASS coming from? Its location??
Thanks sir
what is the order of binding energy per nucleon for most stable nuclei ?
why binding energy is represented by negative sign
Are binding energy and residual nuclear force related? equivalent?
Why Fe has highest binding/ nucleon ??
No explanation why binding energy per nucleon doesn't increase as rapidly as for smaller nuclei
I dont agree that Binding energy is only the energy required for "working against the nuclear force" or just to " increase the mass of the nucleus which disappeared when the nucleus formed" I don't agree that both the above statements are replacable but I feel they re additive. So here's my doubt,why does the formula consist of only the energy required to increase the mass? Where did the work required to break the nuclear interactions go?
@ishu k so what about the mass energy that has been lost?
Sir why the average binding energy of mid range nuclei is almost constant?(30180)
sir before and after the formation of nucleus number of particles remains same, e.g 2 protons and 2 neutrons combined to form a nucleus, before and after the formation of nucleus no of particles is 4, then from where the energy comes? how mass of the constituent particles reduce
Thank you sir . Just One request, speak a bit slowly
Sir why the elements with masses multiples of four are exceedingly stable than their neighbours
You forgot to mention. Magic numbers
Great
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Ncert XII part 2 chapter 13
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