You have to remember that at that time Quebec (or Lower Canada as it was then known) was a former French colony that had been conquered by the English. So that there was indeed (and still is) quite a number of English only speakers (or anglophones) who lived there and basically controlled the government. As you see in the heritage minute Lafontaine is running for the assembly in Lower Canada (Quebec) and to prevent French only speakers (Francophones) from having a hand in government the Anglophones were willing to commit violence. Lafontaine being against mob violence was defeated. Later, when the next elections were being held in Upper Canada (Ontario) Baldwin, being an advocate of what is now known as "responsible government" in Canada, suggested that Lafontaine run in the Ontario riding of York, knowing that his party had a stranglehold on the votes and no matter who they put forward as their candidate they would be elected. Together the two would break barriers and form the basis for a more representative democracy that would later become the nation of Canada in 1867.
In the first video, Québec is mostly french speaking but their is a minority of english speaking people(Baldwin was not involved during the election day riot), so there was a conflict between some of them probably to prevent too many french speaking people to be elected in the lower Canada assembly chamber of Lower Canada(province of Quebec now) since we were still a british colony back then. Most of the business man and those of liberal profession were mostly english speaking, very few french speaking people were in the upper class in Quebec, Lafontaine was an exeption.
I have to say that I enjoy watching Tyler's exploration of our country's history, geography, events, and our unique heritage! His "discoveries" has allowed me to observe his education, but also has allowed me to either remember or learn of our beautiful country 🇨🇦
I was born near Upper Canada Village, a collection of historic buildings moved to one site when the St. Lawrence was dammed & flooded in Eastern Ontario. The site chosen was a battle site in 1813, repelling an American invasion. It represents a typical village in circa 1860s. My older brother used to operate the water powered woollen blanket mill there.
Originally, Canada was the region around the Saint-Lawrence river, so the Upper Canada was what is now Ontario around the Great Lakes which are its source, and Lower Canada was downstream where is now Quebec. (It's the same principle as when we talk about upper and lower Egypt.) It also gave the names of the two provinces between 1791 and 1840. But after the revolts in both Upper and Lower Canada in 1837-1838, it was decided to reunite both provinces into one, which was a way to try to lower French speakers influence and power in their own affairs and also to make them pay for the heavy debts of Upper Canada (Lower Canada didn't have debts at the time). The "Act of Union" is still perceived as a major stab in the back from Anglos by most Quebecers... But anyway, Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine was a moderate and thus was elected as Prime Minister of this new "United Canada", which is seen as the first steps towards the notion of the "two founding people" where French and Anglos share a same country in harmony and they did indeed create the first responsible government. Just be aware that although the Heritage Minutes are really interesting, their goal is to enforce the official canadian identity imposed by the federal government, so it sometimes look at history through rose-tinted glasses.
Hey Tyler, there is nothing typical or average about seeing more heritage moments than most Canadians at this point. Canada salutes you, Keep up the great work!
Was often referred to as “Muddy York”. Because of the muddy roads. Also why we have “North York”, “East York” and “York Region” all stemming from that original name.
The treaties were signed by the British before they withdrew from North America. Canada was made to promise to honour those treaties as a condition of independence. What that meant was for our courts to decide. Since this Heritage Minute, all of the treaties have been resolved and the path to reconciliation has begun.
Good morning. Learning about how the indigenous people were treated back in the forming of Canada, I to this day as a white Canadian don't like how they are treated. Indigenous people are just like you and me and they would like to have their customs honoured like all others. They need to have everything that we enjoy. I believe maybe not in my life time that this will happen. As well as all Governments at all levels will, sooner then later, start honouring all the treaties. Enjoy the rest of your day.
The Upper and Lower Canada designations referred to the direction of the flow of the St Lawrence River. The higher ground was upper Canada, and mostly English, the river down flows to Lower Canada, which became Québec.
The leader of a Province or Territory is called the Premier (pronounced "Pree-me-air", with the last 2 syllables said as one, to get the true French sound of it, as it's a French word). Love your reactions about all things Canuck. Cheers from 🇨🇦.
My Irish ancestor was brought to lower Canada in 1763 by the British Crown s a slave.. ( no one talks about that it was Irish ,Scottish and Welsh). He and others at around aged 17 and up were forced to clear 200 acres, build a road, church and school, after which they were given 200 acres from King Albert the 3rd. My relatives original farm is now part of Maine and Quebec. Then his family settled in the Ottawa Valley and one relative was the first Blacksmith... The other side of our family arrived in Canada 1662 from Normandy France to set up the Hudson Bay Company. As a 7th generation Canadian, i am glad I am here still because they had courage to survive many tribulations.
The Canadian government is making each reserve take them to court for what the government promised them. And the things they did follow through on they put so many restrictions on them that it is hard to get the help we need even when it comes to health care and education.
Although true, I can’t help but think living on reserves does not help people. I believe people would do better in life by becoming truly part of society, living among us, etc.
@@wendywill7519 that’s what the government says too so they can try and come take the little bit of land they allowed us to keep. Why do we need to become apart of a society that called us savages because we didn’t live to their liking. They make life hard on the reserves in hopes we leave and assimilate what y’all call society. It’s not about needing help it’s about getting what was promised for what your government had taken from my people.
I remember growing up. there was always a fight that would break out between English and French speaking Canadian’s. It still happens today but on a smaller scale
I grew up in a Québec town boarding Ottawa (Gatineau). And I agree so much with your comment. I remember Ontariens burning the Québec flag every year on Saint-Jean Batiste day and fights every weekend in bars in Hull. The bars in Ottawa used to close at 2 AM and the bars in Hull would close at 3 AM, so Ontariens would come finish the night across the river. It would always end with the cops being called. So eventually, the bar owners decided to close at 2AM to avoid this. You don’t hear about it as much these days, fortunately.
Upper Canada is the higher elevation above sea level: Ontario. Lower Canada is Quebec as it is closer to sea level. From Ontario (Upper Canada) the St Lawrence River flows downstream through Quebec (Lower Canada) to the tide waters of the Gulf of St Lawrence and the Atlantic Ocean.
My paternal grandma was born in Quebec, and some of her aunts and uncles remained there all their lives, (I believe mostly in Montreal) and they rarely spoke French. Their parents and they had originally been born in New Brunswick so had spoken English more. Also York was what Toronto was called in those days.
lucille teasale is a great aunt of mine on my stepfathers side, a rehabilitation center in montreal bears her name, i have never met her but i remember my grandfather speaking of her with pride.
There's plenty of Anglophones in Quebec. Yes, it's known that people generally speak French there but it isn't the rule. And plenty are bi or even tri lingual too (speaking French, English, and a third language). And, there are French speakers and areas in Ontario and New Brunswick too.
Because Canada was a British territory, before confederation, there was a significant amount of discrimination against French-speaking Canadians. Which was why it was it was so importance of a French Canadian to win in a British Canadian city. (York is Toronto btw)
good, all they do is cause trouble. The whole reason we dont have a LNG pipeline to the Atlantic is Quebec wont allow a pipeline through their province. CMON PLAY BALL. were a team, but NOOOOOOO they cant decide if they are Canadian or not.
@@paddington1670I remember a few years ago, British Columbia didn’t allowed a pipeline from Alberta to the Pacific ocean. Are you mad at them then? And what about all the States in the USA who said no to the pipeline from Alberta to the gulf of Mexico. Are you still mad at them? We already have a lot of pipeline going through Quebec from USA and Canada. Maybe there’s a reason why BC and USA said no…. Why are you mad only at Quebec? Because the main media and the politics said so for political gains? I don’t know, I’m asking myself.
@@lepython1 Parce qu'ils veulent trouver n'importe quelle raison pour nous détester et projeter ça sur le Québec. C'est complètement ridicule de toujours jeter le blâme sur l'autre dans vie. On développe notre empathie et on mature un peu svp
The head of government of each province is the Premier (Pronounced: Pree-miur). The Premier is the political leader whose party won election with the most number of seats and commands the confidence of the legislature. (The ceremonial head of state of each province is King Charles III, represented by a Lt Governor).
Remember 1867 is when Canada formed, as it was then. I’m learning about some things I never knew too, Tyler so that’s great 😊. Only vaguely remember something about Teasdale. You have some Cree people in the US too. Not as many. Many of the North American tribes are connected- they’re not all completely separated tribes. In Mexico there are connections too and rest of the Americas. But getting off topic now lol
There have always been both French and English speakers in Quebec hamster Division and the enmity the English felt entitled and that the French were less than. There was also a saying about the two solitudes, English-speaking Canada and french-speaking Canada each standing alone not reaching out to each other. Although it did change 😊
People often forget that Montreal used to be a very English speaking city. It was the largest English speaking city in Canada for many years in the 1800s. When Toronto became a larger English speaking city in the 1800s, Montreal was still the 2nd largest English speaking city in Canada and with francophones, the largest city and metropolitan area in Canada, up until 1976. Even in 1976, Montreal was the third largest English speaking city in Canada. Anglophones built a lot of Quebec and had played a major role in building a lot of Canada. Most of the head offices were in Montreal. There was a part of Montreal called the 'Golden Square Mile' where in the 1870s lived families that controlled 75% of Canada's wealth. It was only with the rise of separatism in the 1960s that scared off about 600 head offices, most of which moved to Toronto. People in Montreal don't care that they're the 2nd largest metropolitan area in Canada. That title doesn't seem to be a big deal in Quebec. But the fact that francophones can get well paying jobs in every position of society means that separatism is not really an issue anymore. Francophones can be leaders in society and nobody is stopping them from pursuing their goals. In terms of voting, it used to be that people had to say aloud who they were voting for. They didn't have a secret ballot. If they didn't vote for the right person, they could get beaten up. Francophones voted a certain way, and anglophones, another way. In the 1840s, there were more anglophones than francophones in Montreal, so it was tough for francophones to be represented there without getting beaten up. I hope that cleared some things up. Have a nice day.
The English and Canadian governments seldom fulfilled their promises they made in treaties. In fact, because the aboriginal Canadians could seldom read or write, they weren't always told the truth about what was written. There is much litigation still going on today over land claims and treaty rights.
No. That should be about the rebellions of 1837-38 and Louis-Joseph Papineau as well. This is all related to each other. Baldwin didn't just give that opportunity to Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine cause he felt like it. Also, look up "Durham Report", the infamous piece of paper from 1939 where some english dude called "Lord Durham" recommended complete linguistic and cultural assimilation of all (French) Canadians. One of the recommendations was also to unify both "Canadas" in order to facilitate said assimilation. I bet there isn't and won't ever be a "heritage minute" about that one. 1841 wasn't exactly a happy time, it was more of a "FINALLY" moment. The Canadiens were still *very much* second-rate citizens and even to this day, some english "canadians" still think that. This period of our History is not something we can forget but it's also not something we talk about when we want to stay positive, i'll just leave it at that.
You will understand better when you watch the Heritage Minute where Queen Victoria grants responsible government to the Canadas (Upper and Lower) as promoted by Lafontaine and Baldwin. The video will explain the historic importance better than this particular Heritage Minute, which mainly focused on the animosity between the French-speaking Members of Parliament (Quebec) and the English-speaking Members of Parliament (Ontario). Having a French candidate win in an election in solidly English Toronto (York) would cross linguistic lines and cultural differences in order to promote Responsible Government in Canada and the beginning of our political independence from Great Britain.
I'm Quebequoise - the history of my province starts with the French colonizers, building and forging relationships with the Native peoples. It was all French then, but when the British came and won - the French speaking people were left behind by France (we still have a chip on our shoulders about the French because of this) and were mistreated often by the British. (Think how old the roe between the British and the French is...) A lot of Acadian French were forcibly thrown out of their homes and exiled. (A lot of them left and reached Louisiana by boat. I believe Louisiana was still in possession of the French back then, prior to the Louisiana purchase - not sure. English was rapidly becoming the language of business in Quebec which made it difficult for the French Canadians to acquire wealth and education. Language had become a major factor in one's success, creating disparity between the French and English households. The fact that LaFontaine was elected in English speaking Canada was surely a first step in French Canadians' problems being heard where they had no recourse before.
@@andreanne8228 C'est mon plaisir! L'histoire de notre province est si souvent explique que d'une perspective - celle du gagnant vs. perdant ;) [It's my pleasure! The history of our province is so often explained through one perspective - that of the winner vs. the loser.]
Those Acadians who ended up in Louisiana -- as a group -- didn't arrive there until 30 years after the expulsion began. They had first been sent back to France, and in 1785, France sent them back across the Atlantic to their last possession in North America.
@@wribit Yup, they did. What you have to keep in mind is that Acadians weren't/aren't French as Parisians or Quebecois are French. By the time of Le Grande Derengement, the Acadians were a separate people. They held no allegiance to France nor to Quebec.
There were two colonies called Canada, named according to their location on the St. Lawrence River: Upper Canada, (or Canada West), and Lower Canada (or Canada East), corresponding to the present day provinces of Ontario and Quebec.
I'm a British Columbian of First Nation's decent and many of our First Nation's people haven't or won't sign a treaty with Canada because of how we have seen the many broken treaties, we are unceded.
Lucille Teasdale was in the 50/60`s one (extremely rare situation and maybe the only one) female surgeon in Montreal and the whole french canada . In this old days, we was very catholic romain , the clergie strongly disapproved women`s emancipation , if she got married here she probably would have lost her right to practice so she married an Italian doctor following him in Uganda under one of the worst dictator and civil war known so far (Idi Amid Dada) when later tragedy strikes getting deadly infected while proceeding a surgery.
That's the whole point of heritage minutes, not to feed you all the information but rather to get you to research further by giving you a starting point. Pre confederation like in 1841 there was Upper Canada (mostly in what is now Ontario) and Lower Canada (mostly in what is now Quebec) They had a governor back then, today we have a premier in provinces. York is what is now called Toronto and was very English, so a french person running or office in York and winning was unheard of.
Lol I saw LaFontaine and was very confused because I thought you were reacting to hockey again (Fantastic player named Pat LaFontaine) but he is American hence my confusion lol.
As people explained, Upper Canada and Lower Canada are now Ontario and Québec. The names refer to elevation, as the Great Lakes are higher than sea level, hence why the Saint-Lawrence River flows from them to the sea. Upper Canada (Ontario) sits on top of the Great Lakes and the upper Saint-Lawrence River, while Lower Canada (Quebec) sits around the lower Saint-Lawrence River. Calling them with those names for September 1841 is a bit inaccurate, though. After the Act of Union in 1840, which joined Upper Canada and Lower Canada together, we would normally refer to them as Canada West and Canada East. (After seeing the Heritage Minute, they call it Ontario and Quebec, that sounds so wrong)
Upper Canada up the St Laurence River, and Lower Canada Down the St Laurence towards the ocean. Basically higher and lower elevations along the river. In 1841, it was the vote for the Governor for what's not the province of Quebec, or Lower Canada. At the time, it was under British rule, and British laws were prominent. The French Canadians were denied the vote, or to run for Governor because of English laws in Quebec. The English were afraid of an uprising that could have happened in Quebec. But such laws did not exist in Upper Canada/Ontario. The laws were re-written when a French Canadian ran and won, showing responsible Government in Upper Canada, so French Canadians could vote, and run for office in their home territory.
When it comes to the first one, 1841 is prior to the 1867 Constiution so we still had the same kinds of "Governors" and such that would have been familiar in the US, and after the 1837-38 rebellions (arguably our equivalent of a "civil war") there was all kinds of hostility between French and English, some of it remains to this day.
You missed that the surgeon died from the wound she experienced while operating on that man. Many promises to native people were not fulfilled in Canada but also in the US. The Oklahoma oil discoveries on native lands resulted in terrible atrocities.
Couple things. Sharon temple, Sharon is a dead giveaway it was a Jewish facility of presumably some sort of neutral ground. Secondly York is a county in Ontario and of course each County elected a representative to the legislature. Oh and thirdly the government leader of a province is called premiere
Tyler, you should check out the Acadian Expulsion that started in 1775. Most of the French were expelled from the Maritimes (NB, P.E.I. & NS). Many were sent to New Orleans, so now you have Cajun. An English twist on Acadien.
@@Xerxes2005 No it happened in 1763 after the war was won by the British in 1759 on the Plains of Abraham which is in Quebec City. I'm a Maritimer educated in the East Coast and I had an Acadian Grandmother.
Montreal island alone has 735,000 English mother tongue population.. to put it into perspective for Tyler, that is over 6 times the entire population of his hometown of Evansville, Indiana. So yeah, Quebec is not entirely mother tongue French language.
The treaties were broken by the Canadian government. My first nation in Ontario is one of the Williams Treaties First Nations which consists of Rama, Beausoleil, Georgina Island, Scugog Island, Curve Lake, Hiawatha and Alderville. Together these Nations have a large Treaty area comprising Treaty 18, 16, 5, 20, 27, 27 1/4, Crawford Purchase and the Gunshot Treaty. There have been treaty negotiations with the government and these groups but I won't go into details as it is complex.
There are many unresolved 1st nation Treaty issues that that are still unresolved even today. This and the shame of Residential School policy of the Canadian Government are still a shame on the faces of us that are not of native decent.
Heritage minutes exist because Canadians also don’t know enough about our own heritage. Most of our media is American made. We all know about the American Revolution and Civil War more than we know this stuff. Indigenous peoples were pre-literate societies, so they didn’t use written treaties or history. Colonizers considered only written and signed documents to be binding. Some treaties were commemorated with ceremonial belts, called Wampum.
Upper-Canada=english speaking & protestant (later became Ontario), Lower-Canada=french speaking & catholic. their Union gave birth the the pre-Confederation. Provincial leaders are called Premiers, except in Québec, where separatists changed it for prime minister, in an attempt to make him an equal to the federal prime minister. York was the name of Toronto in colonial time. Baldwin was an english-speaker who wanted peace with french speakers, thinking long-term about uniting Upper & Lower Canada. These 2 politicians (Baldwin & Lafontaine) prepared what was to become later Canada.
This is a hard one for anyone who's not canadian. In lamens terms...an English imperialist was stating that the relationship between the two sides would benefit both the French and English citizens without having a revolutionary war.
Leaders of provinces are officially called "First ministers", but no one uses that term and we call them "Premier" instead. In French, we use "Premier ministre" for both provincial and federal governments. A Prime minister should really be translated "Ministre Primordial", but it's sounds really dweeb in French so the same name was decided for both. And, yes, it was Lafontaine that got struck. This will be a half-assed summary, but there were a lot of tensions between French and English speakers in these times. Basically, some Anglo-Canadians didn't want to let French canadians vote, but Baldwin was an ally and him and Lafontaine both ran the country together. The Anglo Canadians in Québec actually burned down the Montréal parliament in 1849 because they thought French Speakers had too much rights.
"Quick cheat" think of "Upper Canada" as Ontario, and "Lower Canada" as Quebec. (based on the seaway to the Atlantic further UP river is Ontario) It was largely the divide between French and English "Canada" and the 2 largest populations... still is the 2 biggest.... Basics: English and French butt heads a lot in our history. the French "vote" (voters) were being suppressed and trying to vote for French representation could result in violence. However there were already "national" politics, so an English politician, Baldwin, reached out to a French politician, LaFontaine, to come to "English Canada" and run as part of his party to... help cooperation. Tyler: "Was this a good thing for the natives?" Me: no. Any treaty is white people saying "We're going to take your stuff, make it ours, and in turn we promise to give to... a little something back" and they may or may not actually fulfill those promises.
As different from the US Canada had to develop a responsible government, sanctioned by Queen Victoria, that protected all of its citizens. Tyler you have heard of Lafontaine before when you took the citizenship test. Both Australia and New Zealand followed in this process.
About Baldwin and LaFontaine (Keep in mind I am not a historian so might have some facts wrong). Initially that land belonged naturally to the indigenous peoples. Then the Europeans came and inappropriately claimed it for themselves. Jaques Cartier explored that area for the French as far back as 1535. In 1608 Samuel de Champlain built a fort and dwelling at the site of Quebec City as a permanent fur trading outpost. This started the French colony of “New France” along the St. Lawrence River with Quebec as the capital. In 1759 France lost the Seven Years’ War with the British and in 1763 “New France” was ceded to Britain and became the British colony of Quebec in the Treaty of Paris. This was expanded in 1774’s Quebec Act to include Labrador and the Ohio / Mississippi valley. The people here were still mostly French speaking. In 1776 of course the American Revolution started. A lot of English speaking United Empire Loyalists moved into Quebec, who then came into conflict with the French speaking residents who had been there for centuries. The Constitutional Act of 1791 addressed this by dividing the British province of Quebec into two colonies along the St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes, using the Ottawa River as the border. The upstream (western) side was “Upper Canada” and modelled after British common law. It is now southern Ontario. The downstream (eastern) side was Lower Canada. It retained French civil law and the existing French speaking population. 1837-38 there were some attempted rebellions in Lower Canada which the British crushed. That is touched on in the heritage minute. In 1841 because of the rebellions, Upper and Lower Canada were combined again into the British Province of Canada. It had an elected legislature but was still ruled by a Governor General that was not accountable to this legislature. The elected legislature could only make recommendations which the Governor General could ignore. The topic of this Heritage Minute is how Baldwin and la Fontaine worked within this framework to bring true responsible government where the Governor General was accountable to the legislature in 1848. I think they also helped restore some French rights, like restoring French as an official language. Hope this clarifies that heritage minute for you.
Ruling Provincial political party leaders are called Premiers. Damn you! You have such a positive attitude towards filling you knowledge voids. I did poorly in school but all i wanted to do was learn geography and anthropology. You and very few other things make me want to be a school teacher like my dad and my grandfather. For example you ponder the meaning of upper and lower Canada, while im dying inside because i could talk about that and just about everything else that you come across in these videos at great length. Unfortunately, for every student with a open mind such as yourself , there are countless who are just in school to fill a seat or they're smart but have no intrest in expanding their knowledge horizons. Cheers from Professor Bogfoot III 😅
Between 1867 and 1982 Canada was a Dominion of the British, in that period Canada's constitution was still held and controlled by the British and the laws still were looked over by the House of Lords. July 1st, 1982 is significant because Canada got full control of its constitution and became its own country. Canada's progression: Indigenous Nations ----> French colony ----> English colony (upper & lower Canada) ----> Dominion of Canada (colony with partial independence) ----> Country of Canada (fully independent) While the French colonizers were not saints by any stretch of the imagination, the English were terrible on an entirely different level, and it got even worse after the US war of Independence when many British loyalists migrated north into Canada. Selling the British Crown to make Canada a Dominion with the proposal or responsible government took a good effort and still had British oversight over laws and policies. Canada's full independence was a slow political grind of gaining more and more independent control and removing British oversight. The sad reality is it has only been a little over 40 years since being fully free of the British, and the amount to clean up from the damage done during the time as a colony and dominion is enormous.
Leader of Canada: Prime Minister. Provincial leaders: Primier. Feb.1841 first election after the 1791 Act of Union. In 1841 United Canada has a new constitution and Upper Canada becomes West Canada and Lower Canada becomes East Canada Upper Canada was named for being upstream from the St.Lawrence River (now Ontario) ; Lower Canada was named for being downstream from the St.Lawrence River (now Quebec, NB, NS, PEI).
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As people already mention Lower Canada was province of Québec and upper canada was province of Ontario. Canada was under a military ruling back then the soldier only obeying the General-Governor. The British wanted to assimilate completely both French and Natives to English language and protestant Anglican religion. The brit military and some english militants blocked the polling stations sio that the vote was kinda rig by not allowing non-white anglo-saxon-protestants to vote. Baldwin saw that was going strait to civil war and thus made shure that Lafontaine got elected so that the governor failled to exclude french from creating what's now the federal parliement as a responsible government and thus the "creation" of provinces of Québec and Ontario then invited Nova-Scotia and New Brunswick to join the Federation. If Balwin didn't do that Canada as we know it wouldn't exist!
York changed its name to Toronto. The orangemen were anti-french. Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec). The late Queen Elizabeth (King Charles's mom) used to refer to us as The Canadas. State Governor=Provincial Premier = Provinces no longer have Senates. The Senate only exists Federally. Treaty 9 is in Northern Ontario - MP Charlie Angus brought it up a lot during debates in the HOC - House of Commons (ie Congress). Treaties are the founding documents of a nation, which is why they were signed. The Cree were lied to. The oral agreement and what was written down were very different. At the time of the video I sent you, they had unearthed one of the negotiator's papers where he said they had to lie to the Cree to get them to sign the agreement. Charlie Angus is a master storyteller - so it is not staid the link to the video I sent you
Heritage Minutes: Every fiber of my being wants to write them off as nothing but Canadian government propaganda (and, in truth, they are government funded), but then they go and remind everyone in a jovial short film about peaceful treaties signed with the indegious peoples that the government has a long history of doing good fuck all to actually honour said treaties. For what they are, the Heritage Minutes are truly amazing, and I'm glad we have them.
There are both English and French in Quebec. The province continues to legislate for French rights and supremacy in Quebec to support and protect their French heritage. Remember this is pre-Confederation. At Confereration, Canada consisted of Ontario (capital York, now Toronto), Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.
Dre Tiesdale got AIDS while operating Uguada soldiers.She decided to continue working in her hospital until she died.Her husband continue to work and support this hospital.Remarkable couple!
Wow hearing the nobs of knowledge. Upper Canada was at the top end of the Saint Lawrence river and lower Canada was at the bottom. Wow, some would write history to always be about (ME BETTER UOU BADDER) The river flowed from the upper St Lawrence to the lower. Those upper Canada and lower Canada. And Toronto was called York in the early 1800. So much for education………
Responsible government is a system of governance in which the executive (prime minister and cabinet) is responsible to the legislature. If the legislature has no confidence in the government, it can vote "no confidence," the government falls and an election is held. The executive needs to command a majority in the legislature to survive. This is parliamentary democracy and is as unlike the American system of checks and balances as chalk and cheese.
The financial establishment mainly spoke english The french were quote unquote "slaves" or real cheap labor!!!!!! It made the french Canadians quite mad the the establishment would not let the french vote Hence why their is still some Quebecers that wants to seperate (still)
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You have to remember that at that time Quebec (or Lower Canada as it was then known) was a former French colony that had been conquered by the English. So that there was indeed (and still is) quite a number of English only speakers (or anglophones) who lived there and basically controlled the government. As you see in the heritage minute Lafontaine is running for the assembly in Lower Canada (Quebec) and to prevent French only speakers (Francophones) from having a hand in government the Anglophones were willing to commit violence. Lafontaine being against mob violence was defeated. Later, when the next elections were being held in Upper Canada (Ontario) Baldwin, being an advocate of what is now known as "responsible government" in Canada, suggested that Lafontaine run in the Ontario riding of York, knowing that his party had a stranglehold on the votes and no matter who they put forward as their candidate they would be elected. Together the two would break barriers and form the basis for a more representative democracy that would later become the nation of Canada in 1867.
In the first video, Québec is mostly french speaking but their is a minority of english speaking people(Baldwin was not involved during the election day riot), so there was a conflict between some of them probably to prevent too many french speaking people to be elected in the lower Canada assembly chamber of Lower Canada(province of Quebec now) since we were still a british colony back then. Most of the business man and those of liberal profession were mostly english speaking, very few french speaking people were in the upper class in Quebec, Lafontaine was an exeption.
I have to say that I enjoy watching Tyler's exploration of our country's history, geography, events, and our unique heritage! His "discoveries" has allowed me to observe his education, but also has allowed me to either remember or learn of our beautiful country 🇨🇦
Not a single treaty made between collonizers and turtle Island (North Americas) indigenous people has been kept in full.
Or in the world? Where the over taking of countries is the history of the world.
Prior to confederation, Upper Canada is what is now Ontario and Lower Canada is what is now Quebec.
and yes, it was a superiority thing, "those lowly conquered French water carriers!!! they are lower Canada".
Upper Canada was UP the St. Lawrence river while Lower Canada was DOWN or closer to the mouth of the St. Lawrence river at the Atlantic Ocean
@@BBQJOE22 Funny thing is upper canada had a lot of debt, lower canada basically paid their debt.
not related, it's geographic . @@BBQJOE22
@@muuuuuudAnd Quebec has been mooching off Canada ever since.
Don't feel bad - most Canadians are quite ignorant of that period of pre-Confederation history, involving Baldwin and LaFontaine.
5:34 You are absolutely correct. This is what we call "les deux solitudes" (the two solitudes) and that is still true to this day.
I was born near Upper Canada Village, a collection of historic buildings moved to one site when the St. Lawrence was dammed & flooded in Eastern Ontario. The site chosen was a battle site in 1813, repelling an American invasion. It represents a typical village in circa 1860s. My older brother used to operate the water powered woollen blanket mill there.
Sounds, like you are talking about the battle of the Chrysler Farm!
Originally, Canada was the region around the Saint-Lawrence river, so the Upper Canada was what is now Ontario around the Great Lakes which are its source, and Lower Canada was downstream where is now Quebec. (It's the same principle as when we talk about upper and lower Egypt.) It also gave the names of the two provinces between 1791 and 1840.
But after the revolts in both Upper and Lower Canada in 1837-1838, it was decided to reunite both provinces into one, which was a way to try to lower French speakers influence and power in their own affairs and also to make them pay for the heavy debts of Upper Canada (Lower Canada didn't have debts at the time). The "Act of Union" is still perceived as a major stab in the back from Anglos by most Quebecers... But anyway, Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine was a moderate and thus was elected as Prime Minister of this new "United Canada", which is seen as the first steps towards the notion of the "two founding people" where French and Anglos share a same country in harmony and they did indeed create the first responsible government.
Just be aware that although the Heritage Minutes are really interesting, their goal is to enforce the official canadian identity imposed by the federal government, so it sometimes look at history through rose-tinted glasses.
Hey Tyler, there is nothing typical or average about seeing more heritage moments than most Canadians at this point. Canada salutes you, Keep up the great work!
When they mentioned York, even tho they were in Toronto. York is an old name of Toronto
Was often referred to as “Muddy York”. Because of the muddy roads.
Also why we have “North York”, “East York” and “York Region” all stemming from that original name.
The treaties were signed by the British before they withdrew from North America. Canada was made to promise to honour those treaties as a condition of independence. What that meant was for our courts to decide. Since this Heritage Minute, all of the treaties have been resolved and the path to reconciliation has begun.
Good morning. Learning about how the indigenous people were treated back in the forming of Canada, I to this day as a white Canadian don't like how they are treated. Indigenous people are just like you and me and they would like to have their customs honoured like all others. They need to have everything that we enjoy. I believe maybe not in my life time that this will happen. As well as all Governments at all levels will, sooner then later, start honouring all the treaties. Enjoy the rest of your day.
The Upper and Lower Canada designations referred to the direction of the flow of the St Lawrence River. The higher ground was upper Canada, and mostly English, the river down flows to Lower Canada, which became Québec.
The leader of a Province or Territory is called the Premier (pronounced "Pree-me-air", with the last 2 syllables said as one, to get the true French sound of it, as it's a French word). Love your reactions about all things Canuck. Cheers from 🇨🇦.
My Irish ancestor was brought to lower Canada in 1763 by the British Crown s a slave.. ( no one talks about that it was Irish ,Scottish and Welsh).
He and others at around aged 17 and up were forced to clear 200 acres, build a road, church and school, after which they were given 200 acres from King Albert the 3rd. My relatives original farm is now part of Maine and Quebec.
Then his family settled in the Ottawa Valley and one relative was the first Blacksmith...
The other side of our family arrived in Canada 1662 from Normandy France to set up the Hudson Bay Company. As a 7th generation Canadian, i am glad I am here still because they had courage to survive many tribulations.
King George III in 1763
I know about most of this
The Canadian government is making each reserve take them to court for what the government promised them. And the things they did follow through on they put so many restrictions on them that it is hard to get the help we need even when it comes to health care and education.
Although true, I can’t help but think living on reserves does not help people. I believe people would do better in life by becoming truly part of society, living among us, etc.
@@wendywill7519 that’s what the government says too so they can try and come take the little bit of land they allowed us to keep. Why do we need to become apart of a society that called us savages because we didn’t live to their liking. They make life hard on the reserves in hopes we leave and assimilate what y’all call society. It’s not about needing help it’s about getting what was promised for what your government had taken from my people.
I remember growing up. there was always a fight that would break out between English and French speaking Canadian’s. It still happens today but on a smaller scale
I grew up in a Québec town boarding Ottawa (Gatineau). And I agree so much with your comment. I remember Ontariens burning the Québec flag every year on Saint-Jean Batiste day and fights every weekend in bars in Hull. The bars in Ottawa used to close at 2 AM and the bars in Hull would close at 3 AM, so Ontariens would come finish the night across the river. It would always end with the cops being called. So eventually, the bar owners decided to close at 2AM to avoid this. You don’t hear about it as much these days, fortunately.
We used to go to the bars in Hull after they closed when I was at university. In the mid to late 80s, I think it was more fun then
There is a ton of great content from these Heritage moments.
I remember these as Commercials back in the day. They still come up on tv every now and then 😂
The leader of a Canadian province is the premier.
And despite how much it sounds like premium, most are not lol
Except Ontario were we have the sceamer of the province ,most corrupt province in the country most living in Toronto the hotbed of criminality.
Upper Canada is the higher elevation above sea level: Ontario. Lower Canada is Quebec as it is closer to sea level. From Ontario (Upper Canada) the St Lawrence River flows downstream through Quebec (Lower Canada) to the tide waters of the Gulf of St Lawrence and the Atlantic Ocean.
It's to do with the St. Lawrence River.
@@michaeldowson6988 - You are correct.
The Agnes MacPhail one used to hit hard... also the Laura Secord one... these were part of my childhood and I'm only 42
My paternal grandma was born in Quebec, and some of her aunts and uncles remained there all their lives, (I believe mostly in Montreal) and they rarely spoke French. Their parents and they had originally been born in New Brunswick so had spoken English more. Also York was what Toronto was called in those days.
lucille teasale is a great aunt of mine on my stepfathers side, a rehabilitation center in montreal bears her name, i have never met her but i remember my grandfather speaking of her with pride.
York was the original name of Toronto.
There's plenty of Anglophones in Quebec. Yes, it's known that people generally speak French there but it isn't the rule. And plenty are bi or even tri lingual too (speaking French, English, and a third language). And, there are French speakers and areas in Ontario and New Brunswick too.
And even French speakers in Manitoba, especially in St. Boniface, and other towns.
Because Canada was a British territory, before confederation, there was a significant amount of discrimination against French-speaking Canadians.
Which was why it was it was so importance of a French Canadian to win in a British Canadian city. (York is Toronto btw)
Also treaty 9 is not a good thing
good, all they do is cause trouble. The whole reason we dont have a LNG pipeline to the Atlantic is Quebec wont allow a pipeline through their province. CMON PLAY BALL. were a team, but NOOOOOOO they cant decide if they are Canadian or not.
@@paddington1670I remember a few years ago, British Columbia didn’t allowed a pipeline from Alberta to the Pacific ocean. Are you mad at them then? And what about all the States in the USA who said no to the pipeline from Alberta to the gulf of Mexico. Are you still mad at them?
We already have a lot of pipeline going through Quebec from USA and Canada. Maybe there’s a reason why BC and USA said no…. Why are you mad only at Quebec? Because the main media and the politics said so for political gains? I don’t know, I’m asking myself.
@@lepython1 Parce qu'ils veulent trouver n'importe quelle raison pour nous détester et projeter ça sur le Québec. C'est complètement ridicule de toujours jeter le blâme sur l'autre dans vie. On développe notre empathie et on mature un peu svp
@@lepython1 yes exactly, because i was told to be angry at Quebec. Blame Anglophones as usual why dont you.
The head of government of each province is the Premier (Pronounced: Pree-miur). The Premier is the political leader whose party won election with the most number of seats and commands the confidence of the legislature.
(The ceremonial head of state of each province is King Charles III, represented by a Lt Governor).
"Bucket" has a certain "bouquet" to it. 😁
You've been watching British sitcoms.
Look into the orangists burning down the Montreal Parliament that then moved to Ottawa.
Remember 1867 is when Canada formed, as it was then. I’m learning about some things I never knew too, Tyler so that’s great 😊. Only vaguely remember something about Teasdale. You have some Cree people in the US too. Not as many. Many of the North American tribes are connected- they’re not all completely separated tribes. In Mexico there are connections too and rest of the Americas. But getting off topic now lol
There are areas of Quebec that are pretty much english. Shawville/Pontiac area and Eastern Townships are pretty much all english.
1:26 upper and lower Canada is something like the misonarry position. I heard that from the house hippo's.😊
Nah. It's more doggy style, the anal way.
There have always been both French and English speakers in Quebec hamster Division and the enmity the English felt entitled and that the French were less than. There was also a saying about the two solitudes, English-speaking Canada and french-speaking Canada each standing alone not reaching out to each other. Although it did change 😊
People often forget that Montreal used to be a very English speaking city. It was the largest English speaking city in Canada for many years in the 1800s. When Toronto became a larger English speaking city in the 1800s, Montreal was still the 2nd largest English speaking city in Canada and with francophones, the largest city and metropolitan area in Canada, up until 1976. Even in 1976, Montreal was the third largest English speaking city in Canada.
Anglophones built a lot of Quebec and had played a major role in building a lot of Canada. Most of the head offices were in Montreal. There was a part of Montreal called the 'Golden Square Mile' where in the 1870s lived families that controlled 75% of Canada's wealth. It was only with the rise of separatism in the 1960s that scared off about 600 head offices, most of which moved to Toronto.
People in Montreal don't care that they're the 2nd largest metropolitan area in Canada. That title doesn't seem to be a big deal in Quebec. But the fact that francophones can get well paying jobs in every position of society means that separatism is not really an issue anymore. Francophones can be leaders in society and nobody is stopping them from pursuing their goals.
In terms of voting, it used to be that people had to say aloud who they were voting for. They didn't have a secret ballot. If they didn't vote for the right person, they could get beaten up. Francophones voted a certain way, and anglophones, another way. In the 1840s, there were more anglophones than francophones in Montreal, so it was tough for francophones to be represented there without getting beaten up.
I hope that cleared some things up. Have a nice day.
To answer your first question, the Leader of a Province is called a Premier. (Prime Minister if you prefer)
The English and Canadian governments seldom fulfilled their promises they made in treaties. In fact, because the aboriginal Canadians could seldom read or write, they weren't always told the truth about what was written. There is much litigation still going on today over land claims and treaty rights.
You should do a stand alone on Baldwin-Lafontaine and Responsible government. Most Canadians don’t anything about this either.
No. That should be about the rebellions of 1837-38 and Louis-Joseph Papineau as well. This is all related to each other. Baldwin didn't just give that opportunity to Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine cause he felt like it. Also, look up "Durham Report", the infamous piece of paper from 1939 where some english dude called "Lord Durham" recommended complete linguistic and cultural assimilation of all (French) Canadians. One of the recommendations was also to unify both "Canadas" in order to facilitate said assimilation. I bet there isn't and won't ever be a "heritage minute" about that one. 1841 wasn't exactly a happy time, it was more of a "FINALLY" moment. The Canadiens were still *very much* second-rate citizens and even to this day, some english "canadians" still think that.
This period of our History is not something we can forget but it's also not something we talk about when we want to stay positive, i'll just leave it at that.
You will understand better when you watch the Heritage Minute where Queen Victoria grants responsible government to the Canadas (Upper and Lower) as promoted by Lafontaine and Baldwin. The video will explain the historic importance better than this particular Heritage Minute, which mainly focused on the animosity between the French-speaking Members of Parliament (Quebec) and the English-speaking Members of Parliament (Ontario). Having a French candidate win in an election in solidly English Toronto (York) would cross linguistic lines and cultural differences in order to promote Responsible Government in Canada and the beginning of our political independence from Great Britain.
I'm Quebequoise - the history of my province starts with the French colonizers, building and forging relationships with the Native peoples. It was all French then, but when the British came and won - the French speaking people were left behind by France (we still have a chip on our shoulders about the French because of this) and were mistreated often by the British. (Think how old the roe between the British and the French is...) A lot of Acadian French were forcibly thrown out of their homes and exiled. (A lot of them left and reached Louisiana by boat. I believe Louisiana was still in possession of the French back then, prior to the Louisiana purchase - not sure.
English was rapidly becoming the language of business in Quebec which made it difficult for the French Canadians to acquire wealth and education. Language had become a major factor in one's success, creating disparity between the French and English households.
The fact that LaFontaine was elected in English speaking Canada was surely a first step in French Canadians' problems being heard where they had no recourse before.
Super bien expliqué! Je voulais donner une explication, mais je n’aurais pas pu l’expliquer aussi bien!
@@andreanne8228 C'est mon plaisir! L'histoire de notre province est si souvent explique que d'une perspective - celle du gagnant vs. perdant ;) [It's my pleasure! The history of our province is so often explained through one perspective - that of the winner vs. the loser.]
Those Acadians who ended up in Louisiana -- as a group -- didn't arrive there until 30 years after the expulsion began. They had first been sent back to France, and in 1785, France sent them back across the Atlantic to their last possession in North America.
@@johnt8636 😧whoa, I didn't know France pretty much rejected them TWICE. 30 years is a long time to settle something that seems so... idk, obvious.
@@wribit
Yup, they did. What you have to keep in mind is that Acadians weren't/aren't French as Parisians or Quebecois are French. By the time of Le Grande Derengement, the Acadians were a separate people. They held no allegiance to France nor to Quebec.
These used to play before movies all the time. They hit different on the big screen.
There were two colonies called Canada, named according to their location on the St. Lawrence River: Upper Canada, (or Canada West), and Lower Canada (or Canada East), corresponding to the present day provinces of Ontario and Quebec.
Always get a chuckle listening to Tyler pronounce french words and names. Law Fontaine rather than La Fontaine 😂
I'm a British Columbian of First Nation's decent and many of our First Nation's people haven't or won't sign a treaty with Canada because of how we have seen the many broken treaties, we are unceded.
Lucille Teasdale was in the 50/60`s one (extremely rare situation and maybe the only one) female surgeon in Montreal and the whole french canada . In this old days, we was very catholic romain , the clergie strongly disapproved women`s emancipation , if she got married here she probably would have lost her right to practice so she married an Italian doctor following him in Uganda under one of the worst dictator and civil war known so far (Idi Amid Dada) when later tragedy strikes getting deadly infected while proceeding a surgery.
That's the whole point of heritage minutes, not to feed you all the information but rather to get you to research further by giving you a starting point. Pre confederation like in 1841 there was Upper Canada (mostly in what is now Ontario) and Lower Canada (mostly in what is now Quebec) They had a governor back then, today we have a premier in provinces. York is what is now called Toronto and was very English, so a french person running or office in York and winning was unheard of.
Lol I saw LaFontaine and was very confused because I thought you were reacting to hockey again (Fantastic player named Pat LaFontaine) but he is American hence my confusion lol.
As people explained, Upper Canada and Lower Canada are now Ontario and Québec. The names refer to elevation, as the Great Lakes are higher than sea level, hence why the Saint-Lawrence River flows from them to the sea. Upper Canada (Ontario) sits on top of the Great Lakes and the upper Saint-Lawrence River, while Lower Canada (Quebec) sits around the lower Saint-Lawrence River.
Calling them with those names for September 1841 is a bit inaccurate, though. After the Act of Union in 1840, which joined Upper Canada and Lower Canada together, we would normally refer to them as Canada West and Canada East.
(After seeing the Heritage Minute, they call it Ontario and Quebec, that sounds so wrong)
Upper Canada up the St Laurence River, and Lower Canada Down the St Laurence towards the ocean. Basically higher and lower elevations along the river. In 1841, it was the vote for the Governor for what's not the province of Quebec, or Lower Canada. At the time, it was under British rule, and British laws were prominent. The French Canadians were denied the vote, or to run for Governor because of English laws in Quebec. The English were afraid of an uprising that could have happened in Quebec. But such laws did not exist in Upper Canada/Ontario. The laws were re-written when a French Canadian ran and won, showing responsible Government in Upper Canada, so French Canadians could vote, and run for office in their home territory.
The Sharon Temple is in a small town north of Toronto Ontario called Sharon. Just a stone's throw from Newmarket
Tyler forgets his early videos lol. He learned about upper and lower canada
Upper and Lower Canada... follow the flow of the river... the St. Lawrence.
Upper Canada was Ontario (ish) and lower Canada was Quebec! Their first name if u will
When it comes to the first one, 1841 is prior to the 1867 Constiution so we still had the same kinds of "Governors" and such that would have been familiar in the US, and after the 1837-38 rebellions (arguably our equivalent of a "civil war") there was all kinds of hostility between French and English, some of it remains to this day.
Cree Rules!
You missed that the surgeon died from the wound she experienced while operating on that man.
Many promises to native people were not fulfilled in Canada but also in the US. The Oklahoma oil discoveries on native lands resulted in terrible atrocities.
Couple things. Sharon temple, Sharon is a dead giveaway it was a Jewish facility of presumably some sort of neutral ground. Secondly York is a county in Ontario and of course each County elected a representative to the legislature. Oh and thirdly the government leader of a province is called premiere
Tyler, you should check out the Acadian Expulsion that started in 1775. Most of the French were expelled from the Maritimes (NB, P.E.I. & NS). Many were sent to New Orleans, so now you have Cajun. An English twist on Acadien.
That only happened because the British defeated the French on the Plains of Abraham in 1759. Which ended the Seven Years War between the two.
1755
@@Xerxes2005 It was 1759. Then in 1763, the British expelled the Acadians from the Maritimes.
@@maryjeanjones7569 Trust me. The Acadian deportation happened in1755.
@@Xerxes2005 No it happened in 1763 after the war was won by the British in 1759 on the Plains of Abraham which is in Quebec City. I'm a Maritimer educated in the East Coast and I had an Acadian Grandmother.
71 percent of Québec residents have French as their first language. Obviously, this is far from everyone.
Montreal had a majority English population for several decades in the first half of the 1800's.
The west island in Quebec is mostly English to this day
I lived in Pierrefond, which translates to "Rock Bottom"!
Montreal island alone has 735,000 English mother tongue population.. to put it into perspective for Tyler, that is over 6 times the entire population of his hometown of Evansville, Indiana. So yeah, Quebec is not entirely mother tongue French language.
When I was growing up in the 60s and 70s in Quebec it was close to 50% english.
The treaties were broken by the Canadian government. My first nation in Ontario is one of the Williams Treaties First Nations which consists of Rama, Beausoleil, Georgina Island, Scugog Island, Curve Lake, Hiawatha and Alderville. Together these Nations have a large Treaty area comprising Treaty 18, 16, 5, 20, 27, 27 1/4, Crawford Purchase and the Gunshot Treaty. There have been treaty negotiations with the government and these groups but I won't go into details as it is complex.
There are many unresolved 1st nation Treaty issues that that are still unresolved even today. This and the shame of Residential School policy of the Canadian Government are still a shame on the faces of us that are not of native decent.
Heritage minutes exist because Canadians also don’t know enough about our own heritage. Most of our media is American made. We all know about the American Revolution and Civil War more than we know this stuff.
Indigenous peoples were pre-literate societies, so they didn’t use written treaties or history. Colonizers considered only written and signed documents to be binding.
Some treaties were commemorated with ceremonial belts, called Wampum.
On a map, Lower Canada is above Upper Canada. This is because they were named for their elevation, not compass directions.
Upper and Lower Canada is about the St. Lawrence River.
I like how he asked York is near Toronto. Yet he just learned very recently that Toronto used to be called York.
Upper-Canada=english speaking & protestant (later became Ontario), Lower-Canada=french speaking & catholic. their Union gave birth the the pre-Confederation. Provincial leaders are called Premiers, except in Québec, where separatists changed it for prime minister, in an attempt to make him an equal to the federal prime minister. York was the name of Toronto in colonial time. Baldwin was an english-speaker who wanted peace with french speakers, thinking long-term about uniting Upper & Lower Canada. These 2 politicians (Baldwin & Lafontaine) prepared what was to become later Canada.
I truly hope there's a Heritage minute about the Avro Arrow.
There is. I am not sure if he has seen it yet.
Guys, go easy on Tyler, he also does a series learning and reacting to the UK, and he is American after all😁
This is a hard one for anyone who's not canadian.
In lamens terms...an English imperialist was stating that the relationship between the two sides would benefit both the French and English citizens without having a revolutionary war.
Just saw the Sharon Temple a month ago!
Leaders of provinces are officially called "First ministers", but no one uses that term and we call them "Premier" instead. In French, we use "Premier ministre" for both provincial and federal governments. A Prime minister should really be translated "Ministre Primordial", but it's sounds really dweeb in French so the same name was decided for both.
And, yes, it was Lafontaine that got struck. This will be a half-assed summary, but there were a lot of tensions between French and English speakers in these times. Basically, some Anglo-Canadians didn't want to let French canadians vote, but Baldwin was an ally and him and Lafontaine both ran the country together. The Anglo Canadians in Québec actually burned down the Montréal parliament in 1849 because they thought French Speakers had too much rights.
My high school in Québec is named after Lucille Teasdale
I don't know if anyone has typed it, but a provincial leader is called a premier and the leader of Canada is called the Prime Minister.
York is Toronto's original name.
"Quick cheat" think of "Upper Canada" as Ontario, and "Lower Canada" as Quebec. (based on the seaway to the Atlantic further UP river is Ontario) It was largely the divide between French and English "Canada" and the 2 largest populations... still is the 2 biggest....
Basics: English and French butt heads a lot in our history. the French "vote" (voters) were being suppressed and trying to vote for French representation could result in violence. However there were already "national" politics, so an English politician, Baldwin, reached out to a French politician, LaFontaine, to come to "English Canada" and run as part of his party to... help cooperation.
Tyler: "Was this a good thing for the natives?"
Me: no. Any treaty is white people saying "We're going to take your stuff, make it ours, and in turn we promise to give to... a little something back" and they may or may not actually fulfill those promises.
As different from the US Canada had to develop a responsible government, sanctioned by Queen Victoria, that protected all of its citizens. Tyler you have heard of Lafontaine before when you took the citizenship test. Both Australia and New Zealand followed in this process.
About Baldwin and LaFontaine (Keep in mind I am not a historian so might have some facts wrong).
Initially that land belonged naturally to the indigenous peoples. Then the Europeans came and inappropriately claimed it for themselves. Jaques Cartier explored that area for the French as far back as 1535.
In 1608 Samuel de Champlain built a fort and dwelling at the site of Quebec City as a permanent fur trading outpost. This started the French colony of “New France” along the St. Lawrence River with Quebec as the capital.
In 1759 France lost the Seven Years’ War with the British and in 1763 “New France” was ceded to Britain and became the British colony of Quebec in the Treaty of Paris. This was expanded in 1774’s Quebec Act to include Labrador and the Ohio / Mississippi valley. The people here were still mostly French speaking.
In 1776 of course the American Revolution started. A lot of English speaking United Empire Loyalists moved into Quebec, who then came into conflict with the French speaking residents who had been there for centuries.
The Constitutional Act of 1791 addressed this by dividing the British province of Quebec into two colonies along the St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes, using the Ottawa River as the border. The upstream (western) side was “Upper Canada” and modelled after British common law. It is now southern Ontario. The downstream (eastern) side was Lower Canada. It retained French civil law and the existing French speaking population.
1837-38 there were some attempted rebellions in Lower Canada which the British crushed. That is touched on in the heritage minute.
In 1841 because of the rebellions, Upper and Lower Canada were combined again into the British Province of Canada. It had an elected legislature but was still ruled by a Governor General that was not accountable to this legislature. The elected legislature could only make recommendations which the Governor General could ignore.
The topic of this Heritage Minute is how Baldwin and la Fontaine worked within this framework to bring true responsible government where the Governor General was accountable to the legislature in 1848. I think they also helped restore some French rights, like restoring French as an official language.
Hope this clarifies that heritage minute for you.
Ruling Provincial political party leaders are called Premiers. Damn you! You have such a positive attitude towards filling you knowledge voids. I did poorly in school but all i wanted to do was learn geography and anthropology. You and very few other things make me want to be a school teacher like my dad and my grandfather. For example you ponder the meaning of upper and lower Canada, while im dying inside because i could talk about that and just about everything else that you come across in these videos at great length. Unfortunately, for every student with a open mind such as yourself , there are countless who are just in school to fill a seat or they're smart but have no intrest in expanding their knowledge horizons. Cheers from Professor Bogfoot III 😅
1:26
Upper-Canada was the province of Quebec while lower-canada was Ontario during British rule over the territory
Between 1867 and 1982 Canada was a Dominion of the British, in that period Canada's constitution was still held and controlled by the British and the laws still were looked over by the House of Lords. July 1st, 1982 is significant because Canada got full control of its constitution and became its own country.
Canada's progression:
Indigenous Nations ----> French colony ----> English colony (upper & lower Canada) ----> Dominion of Canada (colony with partial independence) ----> Country of Canada (fully independent)
While the French colonizers were not saints by any stretch of the imagination, the English were terrible on an entirely different level, and it got even worse after the US war of Independence when many British loyalists migrated north into Canada. Selling the British Crown to make Canada a Dominion with the proposal or responsible government took a good effort and still had British oversight over laws and policies. Canada's full independence was a slow political grind of gaining more and more independent control and removing British oversight.
The sad reality is it has only been a little over 40 years since being fully free of the British, and the amount to clean up from the damage done during the time as a colony and dominion is enormous.
Leader of Canada: Prime Minister. Provincial leaders: Primier.
Feb.1841 first election after the 1791 Act of Union. In 1841 United Canada has a new constitution and Upper Canada becomes West Canada and Lower Canada becomes East Canada
Upper Canada was named for being upstream from the St.Lawrence River (now Ontario) ; Lower Canada was named for being downstream from the St.Lawrence River (now Quebec, NB, NS, PEI).
I think the second one was a movie. But I'm not sure 😂
Historically, The Upper Class of Upper Canada [Quebec] was "governed" by the Anglophone community until the 60's-70's.
Heritage Minute Monday!
hey tyler ~
i just watched you reacting to canadian hockey goals ~
since you seemed to enjoy it so much ~ DO THIS ~ AND IM NOT FOOLING !
tomorro nite is the stanley cup final game 6 ~ its florida panthers vs edmonton oilers ~
panthers have won 3 games & edmonton 2 ~ its a best of 7 ~
two teams best on best ~
the best hockey player in the world right now is playing for edmonton ~ connor mcdavid ~
the stanley cup will be in the building coz if florida win then they will be presented with the cup ~
and you wanna see crazy hockey fans ~ you gotta just see these fans even if you dont watch the game ~
this has been such a good series & its getting more & more down to the wire with each game ~
these guys ARE FAST ~ and can shoot the puck from 80-95 miles an hour ~
8 PM ET ~ WATCH & YOU WILL NOT REGRET IT ~
As people already mention Lower Canada was province of Québec and upper canada was province of Ontario. Canada was under a military ruling back then the soldier only obeying the General-Governor. The British wanted to assimilate completely both French and Natives to English language and protestant Anglican religion. The brit military and some english militants blocked the polling stations sio that the vote was kinda rig by not allowing non-white anglo-saxon-protestants to vote. Baldwin saw that was going strait to civil war and thus made shure that Lafontaine got elected so that the governor failled to exclude french from creating what's now the federal parliement as a responsible government and thus the "creation" of provinces of Québec and Ontario then invited Nova-Scotia and New Brunswick to join the Federation. If Balwin didn't do that Canada as we know it wouldn't exist!
Watch more Indigenous stuff! ♡
York changed its name to Toronto. The orangemen were anti-french.
Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec). The late Queen Elizabeth (King Charles's mom) used to refer to us as The Canadas.
State Governor=Provincial Premier = Provinces no longer have Senates. The Senate only exists Federally.
Treaty 9 is in Northern Ontario - MP Charlie Angus brought it up a lot during debates in the HOC - House of Commons (ie Congress).
Treaties are the founding documents of a nation, which is why they were signed. The Cree were lied to. The oral agreement and what was written down were very different. At the time of the video I sent you, they had unearthed one of the negotiator's papers where he said they had to lie to the Cree to get them to sign the agreement.
Charlie Angus is a master storyteller - so it is not staid the link to the video I sent you
Heritage Minutes: Every fiber of my being wants to write them off as nothing but Canadian government propaganda (and, in truth, they are government funded), but then they go and remind everyone in a jovial short film about peaceful treaties signed with the indegious peoples that the government has a long history of doing good fuck all to actually honour said treaties.
For what they are, the Heritage Minutes are truly amazing, and I'm glad we have them.
There are both English and French in Quebec. The province continues to legislate for French rights and supremacy in Quebec to support and protect their French heritage. Remember this is pre-Confederation. At Confereration, Canada consisted of Ontario (capital York, now Toronto), Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.
Dre Tiesdale got AIDS while operating Uguada soldiers.She decided to continue working in her hospital until she died.Her husband continue to work and support this hospital.Remarkable couple!
Wow hearing the nobs of knowledge.
Upper Canada was at the top end of the Saint Lawrence river and lower Canada was at the bottom.
Wow, some would write history to always be about (ME BETTER UOU BADDER)
The river flowed from the upper St Lawrence to the lower.
Those upper Canada and lower Canada.
And Toronto was called York in the early 1800.
So much for education………
Responsible government is a system of governance in which the executive (prime minister and cabinet) is responsible to the legislature. If the legislature has no confidence in the government, it can vote "no confidence," the government falls and an election is held. The executive needs to command a majority in the legislature to survive. This is parliamentary democracy and is as unlike the American system of checks and balances as chalk and cheese.
Peace and reconcilliation is an ongoing process, most treaties are being renegotiated or have been
There weren't many other parts of Canada in those days.
The leader of a province is a premier.
York became Toronto, Upper Canada because it was up river, Lower Canada because it was down river, Canada wasn't a country yet.
The financial establishment mainly spoke english
The french were quote unquote "slaves" or real cheap labor!!!!!!
It made the french Canadians quite mad the the establishment would not let the french vote
Hence why their is still some Quebecers that wants to seperate (still)