Mechanism of Size Reduction and Types of Mill (HINDI) GPAT-NIPER- Pharmacist Exam Exclusive

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SIZE REDUCTION
Size reduction is the operation carried out for reducing the size of bigger particles into smaller one of desired size and shape with the help of external forces.COMMINUTION is another term used for size reduction.
OBJECTIVES OF SIZE REDUCTION
1. Increase the surface area because, in most reactions involving solid particles, the rate of reactions is directly proportional to the area of contact with a second phase.
2. Break a material into very small particles in order to separate the valuable amongst the two constituents.
ADVANTAGE OF SIZE REDUCTION
1. Content uniformity
2. Uniform flow
3. Effective drying
4. Increases surface area or viscosity
5. Uniform mixing and drying
6. Improve rate of absorption
7. Smaller the particles greater is absorption.
8. Improve dissolution rate.
MECHANISM OF SIZE REDUCTION
1. Impact -particle concussion by a single rigid force (hammer). Example: Hammer mill, Fluid Energy mill
2. Compression-particle disintegration by two rigid forces (nutcracker).For examples:Extraction of oil from oilseeds and juice from sugarcane are also by crushing process. Example Roller mill
3. Shear -produced when the particle is compressed between the edges of two hard surfaces moving tangentially.
4. Attrition -arising from particles scraping against one another or against a rigid surface (a file). Rubbing away or wearing down by friction. The material is pulverised between two toothed metal disks rotating in opposite directions.Example: Ball mill, Fluid energy mill
5. Cutting: Size reduction is accomplished by forcing a sharp and thin knife through the material. In this process, minimum deformation and rupture of the material results and the new surface created is more or less undamaged. For example: Cutting of fruits and vegetable by sharp knife to reduce the size. Example cutter mill
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