This is a fantastic presentation Sabine! I studied quantum mechanics as part of my physics undergraduate degree and I love how you are helping to de-mistify some of these concepts which are labelled as 'weird' by most people. Thanks for your contributions to scientific knowledge.
Bin ein Fan, aber die Verharmlosung dieses großen Rätsels, das unsere Realität in Frage stellt, in diesem Video finde ich suboptimal. Die ach, so coolen Referenzen von Sabine, wie kallulierbar die Hauptprobleme der Quantenmechanik doch noch seien, wenn man nur das und dies wegdenke und abstrahiere, sind respektabel aber machen auch verlegen.
@@georgesiantis8485 even more gibberish? I'm a fan, but the trivialization of this great mystery that questions our reality in this video is suboptimal. The oh, so cool references from Sabine, how calculable the main problems of quantum mechanics are, if one only thinks away and abstracts this and this, are respectable but also make you embarrassed.
The page Nexus of Physics has now given the following two writings the thumbs up on their page. ALSO consider this: E=mc2 is DIRECTLY and fundamentally derived from F=ma, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS time DILATION proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. THE UNIVERSAL AND MATHEMATICAL PROOF THAT ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY: Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 is DIRECTLY and fundamentally derived from F=ma. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. SO, gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/as what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/as what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY are linked AND BALANCED opposites, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. THE SUN AND THE EARTH are described and represented by BOTH F=ma AND E=mc2. F=ma AND E=mc2 PROVE that ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY, AS ALL of SPACE is NECESSARILY electromagnetic/gravitational (IN BALANCE). Objects fall at the same rate (neglecting air resistance, of course), AS the SPEED OF LIGHT is RELATIVELY CONSTANT AS WELL. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. In fact, the rotation of THE MOON MATCHES it's revolution; AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. So, THE PLANETS (INCLUDING WHAT IS THE EARTH) are not "falling" in what is "curved SPACE" in RELATION to what is THE SUN. This is nonsense. E=mc2 is DIRECTLY AND FUNDAMENTALLY DERIVED FROM F=ma. This truly explains PERPETUAL MOTION. Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. A PHOTON may be placed the center of THE SUN (as A POINT, of course), as the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the SPEED OF LIGHT; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. By Frank DiMeglio EINSTEIN NEVER UNDERSTOOD PHILOSOPHY, MATHEMATICS, AND PHYSICS, AS HE HAS BEEN TOTALLY OUTSMARTED BY SIR FRANK MARTIN DIMEGLIO: The balance of being AND EXPERIENCE is ESSENTIAL. BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. THE SELF represents, FORMS, and experiences a COMPREHENSIVE approximation of experience in general by combining conscious and unconscious experience. MOREOVER, the ability of THOUGHT to DESCRIBE OR RECONFIGURE sensory experience is ULTIMATELY dependent upon the extent to which THOUGHT IS SIMILAR TO sensory experience. THOUGHTS ARE INVISIBLE. Dream experience is/involves true/real QUANTUM GRAVITY, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. MOST IMPORTANTLY, in dreams, BODILY/VISUAL EXPERIENCE is invisible AND VISIBLE IN BALANCE. IMPORTANTLY, dream experience is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. THE EYE is ALSO the body. Dreams improve upon memory AND UNDERSTANDING. Indeed, there is no outsmarting the GENIUS of dreams. OVERLAY what is THE EYE in BALANCED RELATION to/with what is THE EARTH. NOW, get a good LOOK at what is the translucent, SEMI-SPHERICAL, QUANTUM GRAVITATIONAL, AND BLUE sky. Excellent. The DOME of a person's EYE is ALSO VISIBLE. THE EARTH IS also BLUE (as water). F=ma AND E=mc2 PROVE that, why, and how ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, and describes what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. SO, it is NECESSARILY a matter of precisely how these equations are understood in a BALANCED, EXTENSIVE, AND INTEGRATED fashion in RELATION to/with WHAT IS THOUGHT. The INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of THOUGHT (AND description) is improved in the truly superior mind. E=mc2 is DIRECTLY and fundamentally derived from F=ma. Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. A PHOTON may be placed at the center of THE SUN (as A POINT, of course), as the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the SPEED OF LIGHT; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Get a good LOOK at what is THE EYE. POINTS are points. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/as what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. F=ma AND E=mc2 PROVE that ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY, AS ALL of SPACE is NECESSARILY electromagnetic/gravitational IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. GREAT. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. OPEN your EYES. NOW, LOOK at what is the FLAT, SETTING, AND ORANGE SUN (with the SPACE around it THEN going invisible AND VISIBLE IN BALANCE). This ORANGE SUN manifests or forms at what is EYE LEVEL/BODY HEIGHT as well. This ORANGE SUN is manifest ON BALANCE as what is NECESSARILY the BODILY/VISUAL EXPERIENCE of THE EARTH/LAVA. The viscosity of LAVA IS BETWEEN what is manifest as WATER AND THE EARTH/GROUND. ALL of SPACE is NECESSARILY electromagnetic/gravitational IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. F=ma AND E=mc2 do provide absolute, BALANCED, THEORETICAL, and CLEAR proof that ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. THEREFORE, the rotation of THE MOON MATCHES it's revolution. MOREOVER, a given PLANET (INCLUDING WHAT IS THE EARTH) sweeps out equal areas in equal times; AND this is THEN consistent with/as what is F=ma, E=mc2, AND what is PERPETUAL MOTION; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It ALL makes perfect sense. BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. THE PLANETS (INCLUDING WHAT IS THE EARTH) are NOT "falling" in what is "curved SPACE". In fact, this is nonsense. It is PROVEN. By Frank DiMeglio
THE THEORETICAL, SIMPLE, ULTIMATE, CLEAR, LINKED, BALANCED, AND EXTENSIVE MATHEMATICAL UNIFICATION OF PHYSICS/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE IS PROVEN, AS E=MC2 IS F=MA: Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. The perpetual motion of THE PLANETS in RELATION to WHAT IS THE SUN is the result of the fact that gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, as this IS proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. GREAT !!!! ACCORDINGLY, a given PLANET sweeps out equal areas in equal times; AS GRAVITY IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. THEREFORE, this NECESSARILY represents, involves, and describes what is MOTION AND NO MOTION IN BALANCE. SO, THE SPEED OF LIGHT (c) IS THEN understood as a POINT; AS the SPACE that envelopes THE EARTH IN BALANCE IS the MIDDLE DISTANCE in/of SPACE. E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS time DILATION ULTIMATELY proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. (BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand.) Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Indeed, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Again, E=mc2 IS F=ma. OVERLAY what is THE EYE in BALANCED RELATION to/with WHAT IS THE EARTH. NOW, LOOK at what is the translucent, semi-spherical, AND BLUE SKY. THE EARTH is ALSO blue. SO, objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course); AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Great. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This is proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. Indeed, a PHOTON may be placed at the center of THE SUN (as a POINT, of course); as the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the SPEED OF LIGHT (c). GREAT. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy IS gravity. This is proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. "Mass"/energy involves balanced inertia/inertial resistance consistent with/as what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/energy, as electromagnetism/energy is gravity. Gravity AND electromagnetism/energy are linked AND balanced, as electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ACCORDINGLY, gravity/acceleration involves balanced inertia/inertial resistance; as gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course), AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Carefully consider what is THE EYE along with the falling man. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This is proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. (E=mc2 is directly and FUNDAMENTALLY DERIVED FROM F=ma, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. That is where Einstein got it from.) This NECESSARILY represents, involves, AND describes what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. THOUGHTS are invisible. Very importantly, the ability of THOUGHT to DESCRIBE OR RECONFIGURE sensory experience is ULTIMATELY dependent upon the extent to which thought is SIMILAR to sensory experience. SO, BOTH equations apply to, represent, AND perfectly describe the MIDDLE DISTANCE in/of SPACE as invisible AND VISIBLE ELECTROMAGNETIC/GRAVITATIONAL SPACE in FUNDAMENTAL equilibrium AND BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The BALANCE of being AND EXPERIENCE is essential. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Consider THE MAN who is standing on WHAT IS the EARTH/GROUND. Touch AND feeling BLEND, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Take careful notice of WHAT IS THE ORANGE SUN. Beautiful. Now, carefully consider the role and RELATIONAL significance of what is the eyelid. Consider what is lava. The viscosity of lava is BETWEEN that of what is water AND what is the Earth/ground. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=mc2 IS F=ma. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Time DILATION ALSO ULTIMATELY proves that GRAVITY IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Indeed, this not only explains the term c4; but it ALSO explains the significance of the fourth spatial dimension. GREAT !!! Notice that THE DOME of a person's EYE may also be visible. THINK. IT IS CLEARLY PROVEN. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper understanding of physics/physical experience, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. Moreover, objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course); AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper understanding of physics/physical experience, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Ultimately and truly, time is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. (E=mc2 IS F=ma.) This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND describes what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of thought (AND description) is improved in the truly superior mind. THINK. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Time DILATION ULTIMATELY proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma. The full distance in/of SPACE is thus LINKED and BALANCED with what is the middle distance in/of SPACE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. GREAT !!!! The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. SO, stellar clustering ALSO proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Carefully consider what is A GALAXY. (BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand.) By Frank DiMeglio
You’re doing something that few educators bother to do: You actually solve the equation! Most of the time we are just supposed to look at an abstract equation without any connection to something tangible. This made all the difference in the world. Thanks Sabine!
Just superb. Sabine has a real passion for physics, she fully understands what she is explaining, she has a dry sense of humour, she doesn't mind being controversial when it's necessary and she has one of the world's largest wardrobes.
THE THEORETICAL, SIMPLE, ULTIMATE, CLEAR, LINKED, BALANCED, AND EXTENSIVE MATHEMATICAL UNIFICATION OF PHYSICS/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE IS PROVEN, AS E=MC2 IS F=MA: Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. The perpetual motion of THE PLANETS in RELATION to WHAT IS THE SUN is the result of the fact that gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, as this IS proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. GREAT !!!! ACCORDINGLY, a given PLANET sweeps out equal areas in equal times; AS GRAVITY IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. THEREFORE, this NECESSARILY represents, involves, and describes what is MOTION AND NO MOTION IN BALANCE. SO, THE SPEED OF LIGHT (c) IS THEN understood as a POINT; AS the SPACE that envelopes THE EARTH IN BALANCE IS the MIDDLE DISTANCE in/of SPACE. E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS time DILATION ULTIMATELY proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. (BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand.) Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Indeed, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Again, E=mc2 IS F=ma. OVERLAY what is THE EYE in BALANCED RELATION to/with WHAT IS THE EARTH. NOW, LOOK at what is the translucent, semi-spherical, AND BLUE SKY. THE EARTH is ALSO blue. SO, objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course); AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Great. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This is proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. Indeed, a PHOTON may be placed at the center of THE SUN (as a POINT, of course); as the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the SPEED OF LIGHT (c). GREAT. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy IS gravity. This is proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. "Mass"/energy involves balanced inertia/inertial resistance consistent with/as what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/energy, as electromagnetism/energy is gravity. Gravity AND electromagnetism/energy are linked AND balanced, as electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ACCORDINGLY, gravity/acceleration involves balanced inertia/inertial resistance; as gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course), AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Carefully consider what is THE EYE along with the falling man. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This is proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. (E=mc2 is directly and FUNDAMENTALLY DERIVED FROM F=ma, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. That is where Einstein got it from.) This NECESSARILY represents, involves, AND describes what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. THOUGHTS are invisible. Very importantly, the ability of THOUGHT to DESCRIBE OR RECONFIGURE sensory experience is ULTIMATELY dependent upon the extent to which thought is SIMILAR to sensory experience. SO, BOTH equations apply to, represent, AND perfectly describe the MIDDLE DISTANCE in/of SPACE as invisible AND VISIBLE ELECTROMAGNETIC/GRAVITATIONAL SPACE in FUNDAMENTAL equilibrium AND BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The BALANCE of being AND EXPERIENCE is essential. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Consider THE MAN who is standing on WHAT IS the EARTH/GROUND. Touch AND feeling BLEND, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Take careful notice of WHAT IS THE ORANGE SUN. Beautiful. Now, carefully consider the role and RELATIONAL significance of what is the eyelid. Consider what is lava. The viscosity of lava is BETWEEN that of what is water AND what is the Earth/ground. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=mc2 IS F=ma. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Time DILATION ALSO ULTIMATELY proves that GRAVITY IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Indeed, this not only explains the term c4; but it ALSO explains the significance of the fourth spatial dimension. GREAT !!! Notice that THE DOME of a person's EYE may also be visible. THINK. IT IS CLEARLY PROVEN. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper understanding of physics/physical experience, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. Moreover, objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course); AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper understanding of physics/physical experience, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Ultimately and truly, time is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. (E=mc2 IS F=ma.) This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND describes what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of thought (AND description) is improved in the truly superior mind. THINK. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Time DILATION ULTIMATELY proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma. The full distance in/of SPACE is thus LINKED and BALANCED with what is the middle distance in/of SPACE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. GREAT !!!! The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. SO, stellar clustering ALSO proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Carefully consider what is A GALAXY. (BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand.) By Frank DiMeglio
Increadible how you, Sabine, are able to clarify decades of quantum mystisism in a video shorter than 10 minutes! This schrodinger equation visual representation is absolute gold. I'm also so glad to have learn what is the current scientific quantum struggle and challenge! Thank you Sabine, please go on in your very constructive educative journey!
Replying to my own reply from 2 years ago, I have watched several videos by different youtubers, and still feel this is the best that I have seen. It has great animations and discussed the key controversies in a manner that is understandable to educated non specialists. Thanks Sabine!
One of the best visualisations of the probability wave I've seen. Love to see explanation of other aspects of the wave seen here (eg those many peaks when bouncing) or some other examples
Every video of yours reminds me of how lucky I am to have come across your channel some time ago. I've seen a few great science popularization channels, but none has explained this concept so intuitively.
You are absolutely extraordinary at making me, and no doubt thousands of others, understand, and at least get a concept of Quantum Mechanics. Thank you is never enough, but thank you so much.
Sabine, you have achieved the look of an advanced civilization being from the original Star Trek. Even including the background. Perfect! The same is true about the science content, as always. Thanks!
It seemed my understanding of many of these concepts had hit a wall before I found your videos. Fantastical metaphorical devices, so widely used in this subject, have led to more confusion than clarity. The discipline in how you choose to employ them has aided me greatly.
I am an old retired EE, and just got some tunnel diodes for fun. I started to play with them, and noticed that the thresholds are really "noisy". This video is a great explanation, but I had to go back and watch all the previous ones, too. Each device and oscillator circuit has different thresholds, and is "fussy" and unpredictable. Now, it makes some sense. Sometimes they oscillate one way, and other times, they go to some completely different loci. ...amusing little fellows! No wonder! Thanks for your explanation.
Sabine, that was well done in the short amount of time you had to explain it in. In a longer video, I would emphasize how the "wall" does not completely fill up the space that the particle may pass through. As a result, the tunnel effect can simply be interpreted as the particle making its way through the "gaps" in the "wall".
That's not what tunneling is, though. The 'wall' in this standard calculation is just symbolic für any potential that could hinder a particle's movement, not just a literal wall. For nuclear fusion there is tunneling involved, where the nucleus of one atom tunnels close enough to another nucleus so they can interact with the strong nuclear force, even though they would be repelled classically, since both have a positive charge which dominates the interaction at larger distances. So the particle tunnels through the potential barrier, which is the Coulomb potential in this case. There are no gaps.
@@sven_lu_ You bring up exactly what makes this topic difficult to present to someone with little to no knowledge of physics. When you combine a description with "symbolic", "tunnels close enough", "tunnels through", and "no gaps", it would leave the neophyte confused.
@@paulthompson9668 I can see that that may have been a bit too much. Sorry about that. May I ask instead what exactly you meant by 1) gaps in the wall that the particle can make its way through and 2) the wall not completely filling up the space?
@@sven_lu_ Perhaps he is pointing towards a potential misunderstanding of the concept of a 'wall' by a lay person who might imagine that it means a real wall, with possible imperfections (thus 'gaps') through which an imagined 'probability substance' could thus 'flow'? The point being, exactly as you've stated, that this 'wall' is a mathematical ideal used to illustrate the more important theoretical insight that -- even without any gaps, for a 'perfect wall' -- tunneling would still happen. Not sure if that's what he meant, but it seems to me a potentially reasonable interpretation. Cheers! 😊
@@robharwood3538 I thought that as well, which is why I reacted as I did. But to try and explain it in good faith I wanted to make sure I understood what they meant so I could respond to that specifically. :)
2:37 thank you for visualizing the developement of the propability distribution over time. It‘s the best visiulation and explanation about this behaviour on youtube that I‘ve seen!! Historical question: When was this developement of the probability over time first described?
I think it dates back to the 1920s - Schroedinger himself developed the equation to represent the "spread" of an electron's charge through space. Max Born published what I believe to be the first interpretation of Ψ as probability density through time in 1926.
You would have to specify the question a bit more. Heisenberg was the first one to give a quantum mechanical-evolution equation (Heisenberg equation), but Schrödinger's discovery of the Schrödinger equation really clarified things a lot. Schrödinger actually later showed that it was equivalent to Heisenberg's equation. As for the statistical interpretation, it is true that Max Born really got the ball rolling, but it took quite some time to get things right (Mara Beller has written an article on it). If you are asking when the tunnel effect was first described, I actually don't know but googling it should help you to answer the question.
@@dlevi67 It turns out that without even knowing it was a probability density Born was doing something way more advanced. His understanding of this stuff was astronomical (as in amazing) He was doing an analysis that was later fleshed out by Mott and as a passing comment in a footnote he noticed that |psi^2 was a probability density.| He was studying collisions. its like putting the horse before the cart yet Born was doing it very well. By the way the best example off tunneling is Hunds Potential.
@@jjeherrera Yes I kinow Gamow mentioned it to explain alpha decay which I mention in my video on this in my channel. Though the effect nust have been known before since its just something that quantum systems do.
Certainty (real, actualized) is dual to uncertainty (probability, information) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. The conversion of information (entropy, uncertainty) into mutual information (deterministic, certainty) is a converging or syntropic process -- Shannon Information theory. "Through imagination and reason we turn experience into foresight (prediction)" -- Spinoza describing syntropy. Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics. All observers track targets by using optimized predictions -- teleology. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy) is dual to order (predictability, patterns, syntropy). Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The people that invented this stuff were very good at math---past calculus etc. It is impossible to understand this stuff without the math. Quantum mechanics is mostly Linear Algebra so you must at least understand matrices and their properties such that AB is not equal BA in general and you need to know functions to understand probability etc. Mat REALLY is the language with which G-d wrote the universe as far as we know.
@@crystalgiddens7276 You take things on faith when you begin to study a subject, and then to really understand it you start hunting down the reason for each thing they do. More often than not each assumption and construct is for a reason.
Actively following physics videos for years. This is the first physicist I find describing complex phenomena with such down to earth language. Thank you Dr. Sabine. I am amazed. Now on the topic, tunneling seems like just spilling from a water wave, hitting on the rocky shore. You will get some water drops on the land, and the rest of the water will go back to the ocean.
Ok. From a scientist perspective, being compared to Einstein would not be a complement, since he brought imaginary ideas into science that created many paradoxes (non-logical thought). Examples like, wave or particle light, peer-to-peer reference frames that both slow time. He made simple math mistakes like E=hf for a particle of light, which is a 1 second wave energy equation -- it is based on frequency or Hz which is a 1 second timeframe and makes the energy of a photon 300,000,000 meters long.
Sabine, I watch EVERY ONE of your videos. You present scientifuc ideas with outstanding simplification. My brain can't not enjoy it. Please continue this valuable work.
I do remember him saying that anyone who says that they understand QM, doesn't. Maybe it's just a paradigm shift: after living with the incomprehensible long enough, it just becomes the new normal. For me, that just takes the mystery and awe out of life.
@@edwardlulofs444 That was the comment I was referring to. I'm not doubting Sabine's understanding - just wondering aloud how much of the subtlety was lost in dumbing it down enough for us. ;)
This is pretty much exactly how I imagined this phenomenon from other explanations, but this is by far the most clear and concise one I have ever seen. Sabine is a treasure.
I believe most minds could easily grasp quantum mechanics. The problem is, from the cradle we are taught a number of facts and concepts and, as we grow, we become convinced that the world is made up of these facts and concepts. Reality is, there is a great deal more of other facts and concepts, most of which cannot be described or managed correctly with words, and require mandatorily the language of mathematics. When scientists do their best and try to describe these facts with words, they get a mixed result and can confuse further many listeners. Then, there is a wrong approach by many schools about the teaching of mathematics, where many pupils become convinced that they aren't shaped for math; possibly, they just got a bad teacher.
So if I want to go faster than light, I just have to run against a wall and if I have enough luck I can found myself on the other side of the wall after having traveled faster than light. I don't know why but it seems to me that it hurts a lot, maybe because I'm not lucky enough. 😂😂😂
So the wave function that represents you is too sharp. As you've seen your actual location needs to be a bit blurred . So getting drunk before might help, and certainly makes hitting the wall less painful :-0
Excellent explanation of a rather obfuscating topic. To some extent, the popular science writers are responsible for the misunderstandings about tunnel effect. I recall reading one book on quantum mechanics where the writer describes it with the analogy of two pieces of dices in a cup. now inside the cup and next moment sitting outside the cup! Evidently tunnel effect is neither so miraculous nor mysterious. 👍 to a wonderful presentation.
Amazing video. As someone still on the side of not being able to do these calculations, I completely agree with your argument that what makes QM so confusing is that every single time I read/see something about it, there is an interpretation, and it completely messes up everything, sometimes even forgetting basic principles to create some mystical interpretations of QM. On another note, I feel like a practical example of quantum tunneling would also be useful to understand it, is there any (relatively) simple experiment documenting the phenomenon?
Hello, Gabriel. You could look at this: www.scientificamerican.com/article/quantum-tunneling-is-not-instantaneous-physicists-show/ a different take: www.quantamagazine.org/quantum-tunnel-shows-particles-can-break-the-speed-of-light-20201020/ Or you could give up and trust Sabine. It's what I do!
Tunnel effects are part of memory technology for a long time. E.g. eproms used on early computers already used tunnel effects to trap electrons within insulated transistor gates... the same tech is used on modern flash memory.
Haha, just when you think everything's neatly solved, there comes a bummer at the end. OK, finally I think, no one can understand quantum mechanics despite Sabine's best effort to convince us otherwise ;-)
Sabine can you do a video or just say what you think abouth people people explaining abouth science but who are not real science like Bill Nye or its too pointless to talk abouth them.
Thanks Dr. Hossenfelder. I’m taking undergraduate quantum mechanics this semester. This video made me feel a little better about my general confusion and what feels like an instinctual skepticism I must quiet when approaching the subject.
this lady offers some brilliant explanations of things, and rather than regarding her as an 'outsider' or a loose cannon if you will, i believe we should pay very close attention to her interpretations. look at her explanation of 'faster than light' illustration of quantum tunneling effect'. now this is worthy of serious consideration and explanation
There's a key new insight for me from the animations here; the way the probability wave piles up against the barrier and presumably spikes to much higher energies than the peak reached before. Very cool.
Nice explanation. The tunnel effect is a general property of waves in dispersive media. It is well known as a diagnostic tool in plasma physics. The question in quantum mechanics is up to what point you can associate a particle to a wave packet. In your example, for instance, it would look as if you were splitting a particle in two. But of course that's not the case; what you're splitting is the probability of finding the particle on either side of the barrier. Also, when you build a wave packet you're actually superposing the probabilities of particles with a range of momenta, which we interpret as the uncertainty of the momentum. In that sense I agree with what you said at the beginning: understanding [the mathematics of] quantum mechanics isn't hard. People studying waves already understood it in the 19th century. What is hard is to understand the interpretation. Experimental advancements are helping. The time a particle "takes to cross the barrier," for instance, has been recently measured.
Wow, what an illuminating explanation. I always thought that the problem with learning quantum mechanics was an illustration problem. That is, the physicist gave diagrammatic, schematic or graphic depictions that made sense to him (because they described how he conceptualized the issue.) The public, on the other hand, had no point of reference to comprehend what the graphics were illustrating. I always thought it would take a Da Vinci combined with a Feynman to get the idea understandable in the mind of the public. CHANGED MY MIND today. Your animation of the tunneling effect was simple and made the point you were making seem 'obvious' (unavoidable?). It helped even more to discuss the issue in comparison with a 'classical particle'. Truly illuminating episode! Can't wait for the next one.
That was interesting. One would hope someone someday soon will make the same kind of breakthroughs in such science as Einstein did with matter, energy, and gravity on the 'bigger than an angel on the head of a pin' part of the universe.
Your opening statement is exactly my feeling about QM. You don't understand and not because you can't understand but because you have been told you can't understad so you don't really try to understand.
Fantastic, fantastic! I guess that what we saw is the distribution of the position. It would be illuminating to have simultaneous representation of the momentum distribution
I was just about to get on my soapbox and she said , "whoops..." . Excellent presentation of the conundrum. Again, we do not need quantum mechanics and its "weirdness" to explain tunneling effects. Classical physics works just fine, preserves the law conservation of energy, preserves the speed of light, and is sane. The effect can easily be explained by Clenthia's law where (-force=-Vi/c). The potential and current are inversely proportional. Or Lenz's law, Lodge's alternative path , and Maxwell's displacement current (the wall is the spark gap or dielectric) can all be used to explain this effect. And the classical Schrodinger's equation is not an equation of probability (insanity) but is one of enstrophy or vorticity squared or pressure or negative force. The longer physicists stick with this QM craziness the longer they are doomed to keep spinning on the hamster wheel.
I work in micro/nanoelectronics and the example I always use to explain to people what Tunnel-Effect means, is using USB-drives or SD-cards. Flash memory does not work in "classical" physics. The gates on which electrons are stored to encode data (or 'program the flash cell') are completely isolated. there is no conductive path to them. But if the voltage you apply across the gate is just large enough, some high-energy electrons can pass through to the isolated gate without having enough energy to classically 'pierce-through (and destroy) the gate isolation. I was amazed how well suited this example is to convince people that this is not just some 'theoretical phenomenon'. Everyone uses it. Millions to Billions of times daily.
I liked the explanation of the tunnel effect very much. When I was much younger, there were no explanations why point transistors (now no longer available) had such different behaviour compared to the now common junction transistors. The point types oscillated much easier than junction types. Decades later, physicists found out that the points and the higher levels of dopant caused a tunnel effect at the base. From what I know, the electrons that gets thru the potential barrier are those travelling faster in the probability wave (as you said in the video), and that happen with the help of phonons (thermals) from the barrier. Thanks for the great video!
The speed is not discussed to day anymore. There is the phase velocity and the group velocity. Only the group velocity is the velocity of information transfer, and it is smaller than the speed of light. The phase velocity could transfer information only if it was possible to measure the whole wave function, which is not. In some situations, the group velocity is larger than the speed of light, but it has been calculated that the velocity of energy transfer is smaller all the same. This is usual textbook material. Some people still discuss, but they are definitely wrong. Many more people have wrong ideas about quantum mechanics, that even date back to old quantum mechanics, before 1924.
As a student of electronics engineering I never fully understood the quantum tunneling effect but now thankfully to your video I think I grasped the fundamental things
I second Chookasaurus sentiment (and the others and counting :-). Awesome presentation Sabine! Love how you visually step through, frame, de-mistify these concepts. Interesting questions at the end. Yes, agreement here.. more Quantum Mechanics research for all!
Dr. Hossenfelder, this kind of demystification of science (QM in this case, but also in any other key areas of science) is extremely helpful for our (the public's) understanding of science. This was an excellent, wonderful demonstration of how the mathematics work and how they can give rise to non-intuitive effects. If the topic interests you, may I request a similar kind of demystification of _Bayesian inference/probability-theory:_ - perhaps w.r.t. multiple hypothesis testing and prior probability (which relates to your critique about risking billions in funding on unpromising research (e.g. larger colliders)), - and perhaps especially how it might come into play in quantum theory (if it does; I'm kind of assuming it does, though maybe quantum theory already deals with it so automatically that physicists -- like fish living/breathing in water -- don't recognize that the lay public need to have it mentioned and explained?). The reason I'm requesting this specific topic is because: a) it is widely unknown/not-understood in the public; even science students usually only get a cursory introduction to 'Bayes' Rule' in statistics classes that only deals with toy examples, b) it has historically (continuing today) been used by physicists to tremendously powerful effect while remaining relatively neglected by other sciences, in favour of classical statistics (though this is slowly changing), c) it relates very strongly to your critiques of scientific peer review and publishing, especially wrt p-value 'hacking' and other misuses of statistics, whereas a Bayesian approach could solve (or at least significantly improve) some of these problems with the scientific method overall, d) it is becoming *hugely, increasingly* relevant in modern life as Machine Learning applications (and AI research/applications in general) are playing a greater and greater role in our daily life, to the extent that potentially-severely biased, ostensibly-Bayesian machine-learning models -- because of lack of care and understanding of Bayesian principles/probability-theory on the part of tech companies, in particular social media giants -- are more and more influencing the general public's exposure to information. A good, simple, illustrative example of this latter issue -- and which you are familiar with, having done a video on it recently -- is the sudden resurgence (in the past 5 years or so) of belief that the Earth is flat. (Again, this is just a specific example to illustrate a point.) I highly suspect that this resurgence is in part due to social media 'algorithms' (the modern euphemism for what are essentially machine-learning models) making dubious assumptions about human society, mental health, and well-being. For example, that we necessarily want (or should want) to see more and more videos about things that have 'interested' us in the past. These hidden assumptions (again, resulting ultimately from general ignorance of what's driving these ML models, i.e. Bayesian inference networks, often in the form of black-box neural networks) can inadvertently create self-reinforcing 'belief bubble' communities of people who all become strongly and emotionally attached to a verifiably untrue set of intertwined beliefs. Of course, humans are prone to this all on their own, but (relatively) widespread belief in a flat Earth popping up suddenly in the height of the Internet age?! It is at least indicative of 'something wrong' with how the public's (and corporations' and governments') (mis)understanding of probability theory, Bayesian inference, hypothesis testing, statistical models, and the critical nature of one's underlying assumptions, can all play a part in leading some people (but ultimately humanity as a whole) down highly irrational belief and decision pathways. More relevantly to your own channel/interests, this same kind of lack of awareness and understanding has probably (I would go so far as to say 'has definitely') contributed to many other, much larger scale, and much more important problems, such as: lack of understanding of day-to-day science (Covid19, vaccines, climate and global warming, space exploration, psychology and the brain, science funding decisions, etc.), all the way up to political and social divisions where people can become more and more informationally-isolated into self-reinforcing balkanized groupthinking factions who can't even agree on verifiable facts vs. rumour-mongering conspiracy theories. All of this fueled, again, by naive 'algorithms' that are only ultimately concerned with 'clicks' and 'likes' and 'attention' (i.e. profits), rather than *truth.* At least by introducing the wider public to the scientific and mathematical technology that all of these algorithms are built upon, i.e. Bayesian inference models, and perhaps tying it in to how such models can be used *correctly,* as physicists have been doing for many decades (and I assume is fundamentally built in to quantum theory (?)), then the public at large might at least begin to become *aware* that their lives are being shaped/influenced by statistical models which may be (I'd argue 'definitely are') founded on faulty assumptions. For this daunting public-education task, I know of no other firebrand better than you, Dr. Sabine Hossenfelder. Hence my heartfelt request. 🙏😌 PS: My understanding of Bayesian probability theory is heavily influenced by the late Edwin T. Jaynes, a physicist and professor of Physics, whose posthumously published book, _Probability Theory: The Logic of Science_ (2003), I would highly recommend to anyone interested in really understanding the power and potential of Bayesian inference. If he were alive today I'm nearly certain he would be a subscriber to your channel! 😊
Great video, thank you! You're completely right, little did Feynmann know how much impact his little quote will have. It's about time we stop repeating it.
One way to understand quantum tunneling is to recognize that the wave-function does not literally predict the movement of an individual particle over time, it only predicts the probability of detecting "a" particle at any particular location each time you make a measurement. Since all such particles are identical and indistinguishable, it is only our assumption of continuous motion that leads us to conclude that all such measurements are of the "same" individual particle. In the case of quantum tunneling, the wave-function predicts there is a small probability that a particle will appear on the opposite side of the barrier, regardless of how we might imagine "it" manages to "tunnel through" the barrier.
Your videos are fantastic! You've got a lovely accent and a luscious voice so your videos are quite brilliant to learn and feel like I actually understand, for a moment, the subject perfectly.
Hello Sabine, I really enjoyed your description of quantum tunneling. The idea that a portion of the waveform can make it through because it has sufficient potential is clear. In your animation at 5:53, you show the wave colliding with the wall. Some portions of the wave rebound with a height greater than the wall. Does this represent the portions of the wave that have enough potential to make it past the wall? I am hoping I understood this analogy correctly. - sincerely, John.
A great video Sabine. I'm a physicist, and I have never seen an illustration of the interaction of a particle with a potential wall (I've spent 40 years doing research in physical oceanography). I'd love to see how you did it, how you initialized the wave function, and gave it a shove toward the wall. Thanks again.
@@schmetterling4477 You seem to be questioning whether I am a physicist. I have both a BS and MS in physics (no PhD though). I am a member of the principal professional staff at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. They classify me as a physicist, although I like to think of myself as a jack of all trades. You also seem to have some problem with what Sabine has presented; what is wrong with what she presented? In any event, you should probably take that up with her, and not me.
Sabine - when you described the particle traversing the barrier … all I could conjure up was Jim Morrison yelling at his microphone “…break on through to the other side …” Small wonder I dropped out of school and lived on the beach for the latter part of ‘60s. (Seriously - great video and a much needed brief tutorial on “Quantum Mechanics” … looking forward and anticipating more 👍🏽❤️)
This is a fantastic presentation Sabine! I studied quantum mechanics as part of my physics undergraduate degree and I love how you are helping to de-mistify some of these concepts which are labelled as 'weird' by most people. Thanks for your contributions to scientific knowledge.
Bin ein Fan, aber die Verharmlosung dieses großen Rätsels, das unsere Realität in Frage stellt, in diesem Video finde ich suboptimal. Die ach, so coolen Referenzen von Sabine, wie kallulierbar die Hauptprobleme der Quantenmechanik doch noch seien, wenn man nur das und dies wegdenke und abstrahiere, sind respektabel aber machen auch verlegen.
total gibberish. I cannot understand because it is total gibberish.
@@georgesiantis8485 even more gibberish? I'm a fan, but the trivialization of this great mystery that questions our reality in this video is suboptimal. The oh, so cool references from Sabine, how calculable the main problems of quantum mechanics are, if one only thinks away and abstracts this and this, are respectable but also make you embarrassed.
The page Nexus of Physics has now given the following two writings the thumbs up on their page. ALSO consider this: E=mc2 is DIRECTLY and fundamentally derived from F=ma, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS time DILATION proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.
THE UNIVERSAL AND MATHEMATICAL PROOF THAT ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY:
Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 is DIRECTLY and fundamentally derived from F=ma. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. SO, gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/as what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/as what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY are linked AND BALANCED opposites, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. THE SUN AND THE EARTH are described and represented by BOTH F=ma AND E=mc2. F=ma AND E=mc2 PROVE that ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY, AS ALL of SPACE is NECESSARILY electromagnetic/gravitational (IN BALANCE). Objects fall at the same rate (neglecting air resistance, of course), AS the SPEED OF LIGHT is RELATIVELY CONSTANT AS WELL. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. In fact, the rotation of THE MOON MATCHES it's revolution; AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. So, THE PLANETS (INCLUDING WHAT IS THE EARTH) are not "falling" in what is "curved SPACE" in RELATION to what is THE SUN. This is nonsense. E=mc2 is DIRECTLY AND FUNDAMENTALLY DERIVED FROM F=ma. This truly explains PERPETUAL MOTION. Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. A PHOTON may be placed the center of THE SUN (as A POINT, of course), as the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the SPEED OF LIGHT; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.
By Frank DiMeglio
EINSTEIN NEVER UNDERSTOOD PHILOSOPHY, MATHEMATICS, AND PHYSICS, AS HE HAS BEEN TOTALLY OUTSMARTED BY SIR FRANK MARTIN DIMEGLIO:
The balance of being AND EXPERIENCE is ESSENTIAL. BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand.
THE SELF represents, FORMS, and experiences a COMPREHENSIVE approximation of experience in general by combining conscious and unconscious experience. MOREOVER, the ability of THOUGHT to DESCRIBE OR RECONFIGURE sensory experience is ULTIMATELY dependent upon the extent to which THOUGHT IS SIMILAR TO sensory experience. THOUGHTS ARE INVISIBLE.
Dream experience is/involves true/real QUANTUM GRAVITY, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. MOST IMPORTANTLY, in dreams, BODILY/VISUAL EXPERIENCE is invisible AND VISIBLE IN BALANCE. IMPORTANTLY, dream experience is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. THE EYE is ALSO the body. Dreams improve upon memory AND UNDERSTANDING. Indeed, there is no outsmarting the GENIUS of dreams.
OVERLAY what is THE EYE in BALANCED RELATION to/with what is THE EARTH. NOW, get a good LOOK at what is the translucent, SEMI-SPHERICAL, QUANTUM GRAVITATIONAL, AND BLUE sky. Excellent. The DOME of a person's EYE is ALSO VISIBLE. THE EARTH IS also BLUE (as water).
F=ma AND E=mc2 PROVE that, why, and how ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, and describes what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. SO, it is NECESSARILY a matter of precisely how these equations are understood in a BALANCED, EXTENSIVE, AND INTEGRATED fashion in RELATION to/with WHAT IS THOUGHT. The INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of THOUGHT (AND description) is improved in the truly superior mind. E=mc2 is DIRECTLY and fundamentally derived from F=ma.
Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black.
The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. A PHOTON may be placed at the center of THE SUN (as A POINT, of course), as the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the SPEED OF LIGHT; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Get a good LOOK at what is THE EYE. POINTS are points. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/as what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. F=ma AND E=mc2 PROVE that ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY, AS ALL of SPACE is NECESSARILY electromagnetic/gravitational IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. GREAT.
The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. OPEN your EYES. NOW, LOOK at what is the FLAT, SETTING, AND ORANGE SUN (with the SPACE around it THEN going invisible AND VISIBLE IN BALANCE). This ORANGE SUN manifests or forms at what is EYE LEVEL/BODY HEIGHT as well. This ORANGE SUN is manifest ON BALANCE as what is NECESSARILY the BODILY/VISUAL EXPERIENCE of THE EARTH/LAVA. The viscosity of LAVA IS BETWEEN what is manifest as WATER AND THE EARTH/GROUND. ALL of SPACE is NECESSARILY electromagnetic/gravitational IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. F=ma AND E=mc2 do provide absolute, BALANCED, THEORETICAL, and CLEAR proof that ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.
Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. THEREFORE, the rotation of THE MOON MATCHES it's revolution. MOREOVER, a given PLANET (INCLUDING WHAT IS THE EARTH) sweeps out equal areas in equal times; AND this is THEN consistent with/as what is F=ma, E=mc2, AND what is PERPETUAL MOTION; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It ALL makes perfect sense. BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand.
THE PLANETS (INCLUDING WHAT IS THE EARTH) are NOT "falling" in what is "curved SPACE". In fact, this is nonsense. It is PROVEN.
By Frank DiMeglio
THE THEORETICAL, SIMPLE, ULTIMATE, CLEAR, LINKED, BALANCED, AND EXTENSIVE MATHEMATICAL UNIFICATION OF PHYSICS/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE IS PROVEN, AS E=MC2 IS F=MA:
Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black.
Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. The perpetual motion of THE PLANETS in RELATION to WHAT IS THE SUN is the result of the fact that gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, as this IS proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. GREAT !!!! ACCORDINGLY, a given PLANET sweeps out equal areas in equal times; AS GRAVITY IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. THEREFORE, this NECESSARILY represents, involves, and describes what is MOTION AND NO MOTION IN BALANCE. SO, THE SPEED OF LIGHT (c) IS THEN understood as a POINT; AS the SPACE that envelopes THE EARTH IN BALANCE IS the MIDDLE DISTANCE in/of SPACE. E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS time DILATION ULTIMATELY proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. (BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand.) Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Indeed, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Again, E=mc2 IS F=ma. OVERLAY what is THE EYE in BALANCED RELATION to/with WHAT IS THE EARTH. NOW, LOOK at what is the translucent, semi-spherical, AND BLUE SKY. THE EARTH is ALSO blue. SO, objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course); AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Great. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy.
ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This is proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. Indeed, a PHOTON may be placed at the center of THE SUN (as a POINT, of course); as the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the SPEED OF LIGHT (c). GREAT.
ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy IS gravity. This is proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. "Mass"/energy involves balanced inertia/inertial resistance consistent with/as what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/energy, as electromagnetism/energy is gravity. Gravity AND electromagnetism/energy are linked AND balanced, as electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ACCORDINGLY, gravity/acceleration involves balanced inertia/inertial resistance; as gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course), AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Carefully consider what is THE EYE along with the falling man. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.
ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This is proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. (E=mc2 is directly and FUNDAMENTALLY DERIVED FROM F=ma, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. That is where Einstein got it from.) This NECESSARILY represents, involves, AND describes what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. THOUGHTS are invisible. Very importantly, the ability of THOUGHT to DESCRIBE OR RECONFIGURE sensory experience is ULTIMATELY dependent upon the extent to which thought is SIMILAR to sensory experience. SO, BOTH equations apply to, represent, AND perfectly describe the MIDDLE DISTANCE in/of SPACE as invisible AND VISIBLE ELECTROMAGNETIC/GRAVITATIONAL SPACE in FUNDAMENTAL equilibrium AND BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The BALANCE of being AND EXPERIENCE is essential.
"Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Consider THE MAN who is standing on WHAT IS the EARTH/GROUND. Touch AND feeling BLEND, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Take careful notice of WHAT IS THE ORANGE SUN. Beautiful. Now, carefully consider the role and RELATIONAL significance of what is the eyelid. Consider what is lava. The viscosity of lava is BETWEEN that of what is water AND what is the Earth/ground. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=mc2 IS F=ma. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity.
Time DILATION ALSO ULTIMATELY proves that GRAVITY IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Indeed, this not only explains the term c4; but it ALSO explains the significance of the fourth spatial dimension. GREAT !!! Notice that THE DOME of a person's EYE may also be visible. THINK. IT IS CLEARLY PROVEN. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper understanding of physics/physical experience, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.
E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. Moreover, objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course); AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy.
INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper understanding of physics/physical experience, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Ultimately and truly, time is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. (E=mc2 IS F=ma.) This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND describes what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.
The INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of thought (AND description) is improved in the truly superior mind. THINK.
Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Time DILATION ULTIMATELY proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma. The full distance in/of SPACE is thus LINKED and BALANCED with what is the middle distance in/of SPACE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. GREAT !!!! The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky.
SO, stellar clustering ALSO proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Carefully consider what is A GALAXY. (BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand.)
By Frank DiMeglio
You’re doing something that few educators bother to do: You actually solve the equation! Most of the time we are just supposed to look at an abstract equation without any connection to something tangible. This made all the difference in the world. Thanks Sabine!
"Quantum tunneling isnt that weird... except for this, whoops" i love it
Saw on documentaries people describing light objects that appeared in their houses going through walls , must be the same principle ,
Just superb. Sabine has a real passion for physics, she fully understands what she is explaining, she has a dry sense of humour, she doesn't mind being controversial when it's necessary and she has one of the world's largest wardrobes.
Literally goals
Thank you. The way you convey concepts is the most understandable I've yet seen.
@@dixztube total gibberish. I cannot understand because it is total gibberish.
THE THEORETICAL, SIMPLE, ULTIMATE, CLEAR, LINKED, BALANCED, AND EXTENSIVE MATHEMATICAL UNIFICATION OF PHYSICS/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE IS PROVEN, AS E=MC2 IS F=MA:
Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black.
Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. The perpetual motion of THE PLANETS in RELATION to WHAT IS THE SUN is the result of the fact that gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, as this IS proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. GREAT !!!! ACCORDINGLY, a given PLANET sweeps out equal areas in equal times; AS GRAVITY IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. THEREFORE, this NECESSARILY represents, involves, and describes what is MOTION AND NO MOTION IN BALANCE. SO, THE SPEED OF LIGHT (c) IS THEN understood as a POINT; AS the SPACE that envelopes THE EARTH IN BALANCE IS the MIDDLE DISTANCE in/of SPACE. E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS time DILATION ULTIMATELY proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. (BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand.) Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Indeed, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Again, E=mc2 IS F=ma. OVERLAY what is THE EYE in BALANCED RELATION to/with WHAT IS THE EARTH. NOW, LOOK at what is the translucent, semi-spherical, AND BLUE SKY. THE EARTH is ALSO blue. SO, objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course); AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Great. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy.
ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This is proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. Indeed, a PHOTON may be placed at the center of THE SUN (as a POINT, of course); as the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the SPEED OF LIGHT (c). GREAT.
ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy IS gravity. This is proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. "Mass"/energy involves balanced inertia/inertial resistance consistent with/as what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/energy, as electromagnetism/energy is gravity. Gravity AND electromagnetism/energy are linked AND balanced, as electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ACCORDINGLY, gravity/acceleration involves balanced inertia/inertial resistance; as gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course), AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Carefully consider what is THE EYE along with the falling man. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.
ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This is proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. (E=mc2 is directly and FUNDAMENTALLY DERIVED FROM F=ma, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. That is where Einstein got it from.) This NECESSARILY represents, involves, AND describes what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. THOUGHTS are invisible. Very importantly, the ability of THOUGHT to DESCRIBE OR RECONFIGURE sensory experience is ULTIMATELY dependent upon the extent to which thought is SIMILAR to sensory experience. SO, BOTH equations apply to, represent, AND perfectly describe the MIDDLE DISTANCE in/of SPACE as invisible AND VISIBLE ELECTROMAGNETIC/GRAVITATIONAL SPACE in FUNDAMENTAL equilibrium AND BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The BALANCE of being AND EXPERIENCE is essential.
"Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Consider THE MAN who is standing on WHAT IS the EARTH/GROUND. Touch AND feeling BLEND, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Take careful notice of WHAT IS THE ORANGE SUN. Beautiful. Now, carefully consider the role and RELATIONAL significance of what is the eyelid. Consider what is lava. The viscosity of lava is BETWEEN that of what is water AND what is the Earth/ground. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=mc2 IS F=ma. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity.
Time DILATION ALSO ULTIMATELY proves that GRAVITY IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Indeed, this not only explains the term c4; but it ALSO explains the significance of the fourth spatial dimension. GREAT !!! Notice that THE DOME of a person's EYE may also be visible. THINK. IT IS CLEARLY PROVEN. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper understanding of physics/physical experience, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.
E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. Moreover, objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course); AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy.
INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper understanding of physics/physical experience, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Ultimately and truly, time is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. (E=mc2 IS F=ma.) This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND describes what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.
The INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of thought (AND description) is improved in the truly superior mind. THINK.
Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Time DILATION ULTIMATELY proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma. The full distance in/of SPACE is thus LINKED and BALANCED with what is the middle distance in/of SPACE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. GREAT !!!! The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky.
SO, stellar clustering ALSO proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Carefully consider what is A GALAXY. (BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand.)
By Frank DiMeglio
Thank you, Dr. you’re surely one of the best science explainers of this century. I look forward to your videos every week.
I love how she explains stuff. It’s much more simple but specific and makes a lot more sense than most science explanations.
Increadible how you, Sabine, are able to clarify decades of quantum mystisism in a video shorter than 10 minutes!
This schrodinger equation visual representation is absolute gold.
I'm also so glad to have learn what is the current scientific quantum struggle and challenge!
Thank you Sabine, please go on in your very constructive educative journey!
absolutely outstanding video. this is really high quality education. thank you so much.
Replying to my own reply from 2 years ago, I have watched several videos by different youtubers, and still feel this is the best that I have seen. It has great animations and discussed the key controversies in a manner that is understandable to educated non specialists. Thanks Sabine!
Fantastic, Sabine! Thanks a lot! 😃
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
Thanks, best wishes back to you and your family!
The best channel ever to have a crystal clear understanding of the fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics. ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️
If I had had this videos back in the 90s... oh dear! Thank you so much for this Sabine!!!!
One of the best visualisations of the probability wave I've seen.
Love to see explanation of other aspects of the wave seen here (eg those many peaks when bouncing) or some other examples
Every video of yours reminds me of how lucky I am to have come across your channel some time ago. I've seen a few great science popularization channels, but none has explained this concept so intuitively.
You are absolutely extraordinary at making me, and no doubt thousands of others, understand, and at least get a concept of Quantum Mechanics. Thank you is never enough, but thank you so much.
This is the best explanation I have seen, read, or heard to date. The animations were excellent.
I watch tons of physics and math videos and I've never seen the part with faster than light tunneling :o Thank you!
Sabine, you have achieved the look of an advanced civilization being from the original Star Trek. Even including the background. Perfect! The same is true about the science content, as always. Thanks!
That’s true. To achieve the same for TNG, she’d need a weird forehead.
Sabine is kind of a vulcan when you think about it.
It seemed my understanding of many of these concepts had hit a wall before I found your videos. Fantastical metaphorical devices, so widely used in this subject, have led to more confusion than clarity. The discipline in how you choose to employ them has aided me greatly.
I love watching these vids, then heading over and listening to one of her songs, then coming back and watching some more physics vids.
Loved the wooooops, that made me laugh out loud
Ha Ha, so true. I loved following along with the animations, then came the 'wooops'
Whoops, we broke physics.
Or have we?
Is Sabine Russian?
@@mabd7340 German
This video stopped at the most interesting point!
In any case, amazing video!
I am an old retired EE, and just got some tunnel diodes for fun. I started to play with them, and noticed that the thresholds are really "noisy". This video is a great explanation, but I had to go back and watch all the previous ones, too.
Each device and oscillator circuit has different thresholds, and is "fussy" and unpredictable. Now, it makes some sense. Sometimes they oscillate one way, and other times, they go to some completely different loci. ...amusing little fellows! No wonder! Thanks for your explanation.
this is the best physics channel in youtube! straight to the point with no bullshit and unnecesery promotions. with beatiful and simple explanations.
Sabine, that was well done in the short amount of time you had to explain it in. In a longer video, I would emphasize how the "wall" does not completely fill up the space that the particle may pass through. As a result, the tunnel effect can simply be interpreted as the particle making its way through the "gaps" in the "wall".
That's not what tunneling is, though. The 'wall' in this standard calculation is just symbolic für any potential that could hinder a particle's movement, not just a literal wall. For nuclear fusion there is tunneling involved, where the nucleus of one atom tunnels close enough to another nucleus so they can interact with the strong nuclear force, even though they would be repelled classically, since both have a positive charge which dominates the interaction at larger distances. So the particle tunnels through the potential barrier, which is the Coulomb potential in this case. There are no gaps.
@@sven_lu_ You bring up exactly what makes this topic difficult to present to someone with little to no knowledge of physics. When you combine a description with "symbolic", "tunnels close enough", "tunnels through", and "no gaps", it would leave the neophyte confused.
@@paulthompson9668 I can see that that may have been a bit too much. Sorry about that. May I ask instead what exactly you meant by
1) gaps in the wall that the particle can make its way through
and
2) the wall not completely filling up the space?
@@sven_lu_ Perhaps he is pointing towards a potential misunderstanding of the concept of a 'wall' by a lay person who might imagine that it means a real wall, with possible imperfections (thus 'gaps') through which an imagined 'probability substance' could thus 'flow'? The point being, exactly as you've stated, that this 'wall' is a mathematical ideal used to illustrate the more important theoretical insight that -- even without any gaps, for a 'perfect wall' -- tunneling would still happen. Not sure if that's what he meant, but it seems to me a potentially reasonable interpretation. Cheers! 😊
@@robharwood3538 I thought that as well, which is why I reacted as I did. But to try and explain it in good faith I wanted to make sure I understood what they meant so I could respond to that specifically. :)
2:37 thank you for visualizing the developement of the propability distribution over time. It‘s the best visiulation and explanation about this behaviour on youtube that I‘ve seen!!
Historical question: When was this developement of the probability over time first described?
I think it dates back to the 1920s - Schroedinger himself developed the equation to represent the "spread" of an electron's charge through space. Max Born published what I believe to be the first interpretation of Ψ as probability density through time in 1926.
You would have to specify the question a bit more. Heisenberg was the first one to give a quantum mechanical-evolution equation (Heisenberg equation), but Schrödinger's discovery of the Schrödinger equation really clarified things a lot. Schrödinger actually later showed that it was equivalent to Heisenberg's equation. As for the statistical interpretation, it is true that Max Born really got the ball rolling, but it took quite some time to get things right (Mara Beller has written an article on it). If you are asking when the tunnel effect was first described, I actually don't know but googling it should help you to answer the question.
@@dlevi67 It turns out that without even knowing it was a probability density Born was doing something way more advanced. His understanding of this stuff was astronomical (as in amazing) He was doing an analysis that was later fleshed out by Mott and as a passing comment in a footnote he noticed that |psi^2 was a probability density.| He was studying collisions. its like putting the horse before the cart yet Born was doing it very well. By the way the best example off tunneling is Hunds Potential.
Regarding the tunnel effect, although I'm not 100% sure, I believe it was first proposed by Gamow, in the context of understanding alpha decay.
@@jjeherrera Yes I kinow Gamow mentioned it to explain alpha decay
which I mention in my video on this
in my channel. Though the effect nust have been known before since its just something that quantum systems do.
nice, I like that uncertainty/dispersion explanation, never realized it was "just" that, makes total sense now.
thanks for that
Certainty (real, actualized) is dual to uncertainty (probability, information) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle.
The conversion of information (entropy, uncertainty) into mutual information (deterministic, certainty) is a converging or syntropic process -- Shannon Information theory.
"Through imagination and reason we turn experience into foresight (prediction)" -- Spinoza describing syntropy.
Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics.
All observers track targets by using optimized predictions -- teleology.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
Randomness (entropy) is dual to order (predictability, patterns, syntropy).
Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Sabine you are an excellent teacher, fantastic.
7:23 Hahaha! That 'Whoops!' reminded me so much of Mathologer for some reason :P
As someone who never made it past Algebra 1, I was able to understand the “tunneling effect” concept thanks to your illustrations. Well done!
If you really want a good explanation of QT , I suggest this easy and step-by-step video of PBS : th-cam.com/video/-IfmgyXs7z8/w-d-xo.html
total gibberish. I cannot understand because it is total gibberish.
The people that invented this stuff were very good at math---past calculus etc. It is impossible to understand this stuff without the math. Quantum mechanics is mostly Linear Algebra so you must at least understand matrices and their properties such that AB is not equal BA in general and you need to know functions to understand probability etc. Mat REALLY is the language with which G-d wrote the universe as far as we know.
@@whatitis4872 Are they then therefore "godlike?" Cause you have "believe" them if you "believe' what they claim. aka take it in "faith."
@@crystalgiddens7276 You take things on faith when you begin to study a subject, and then to really understand it you start hunting down the reason for each thing they do. More often than not each assumption and construct is for a reason.
So for understanding quantum mechanics, shut up and calculate! Thank you so much, it is the biggest contribution ever.
Actively following physics videos for years. This is the first physicist I find describing complex phenomena with such down to earth language. Thank you Dr. Sabine. I am amazed.
Now on the topic, tunneling seems like just spilling from a water wave, hitting on the rocky shore. You will get some water drops on the land, and the rest of the water will go back to the ocean.
Sabine is the Einstein of our time.
Change my mind.
What did Einstein knew about quarks? dark matter? in this day and age all of us should be at least at his level...
Ok. From a scientist perspective, being compared to Einstein would not be a complement, since he brought imaginary ideas into science that created many paradoxes (non-logical thought). Examples like, wave or particle light, peer-to-peer reference frames that both slow time. He made simple math mistakes like E=hf for a particle of light, which is a 1 second wave energy equation -- it is based on frequency or Hz which is a 1 second timeframe and makes the energy of a photon 300,000,000 meters long.
I love this lady
then marry her....good luck
@logan H
EVERYONE loves Sabine m8 ...... Except boisterous sharp elbowed lads with a TOA they want to push .... lol
@Ben Louis is she your mom ???
@Ben Louis just kidding ....man....relax
She reminds me of Yeardley Smith.
Sabine, I watch EVERY ONE of your videos. You present scientifuc ideas with outstanding simplification. My brain can't not enjoy it. Please continue this valuable work.
well done presentation, I think it's the interactions of the masses of energy distributed in space time
Hi Can you make a explainer on the recent verification of Hawkin Radiation and how Black Hole Preserve Information which was thought to not occur .
I would love to know Feynman's reaction to this were he still with us.
Feynman is one of the guys who put us here. His reaction probably would be "Yeah, I know," as he hit a riff on his bongos.
I do remember him saying that anyone who says that they understand QM, doesn't. Maybe it's just a paradigm shift: after living with the incomprehensible long enough, it just becomes the new normal. For me, that just takes the mystery and awe out of life.
@@edwardlulofs444 That was the comment I was referring to. I'm not doubting Sabine's understanding - just wondering aloud how much of the subtlety was lost in dumbing it down enough for us. ;)
ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/104_2012_web_projects/Ian_MacDougall/Electron%20Tunneling.html
You don't have to wonder.
Feynman would say. "There's an old women, that slips on the ice."
Wow, great visualizations!
These make it soooo much easier for me to understand what is happening!
This is pretty much exactly how I imagined this phenomenon from other explanations, but this is by far the most clear and concise one I have ever seen. Sabine is a treasure.
I just don't understand why no one else really tried to visualize these things. Visuals are so important when it comes to understanding stuff.
I wish my brain could tunnel into an understanding of quantum mechanics.
quantum mechanically spoken there is a small chance depending on the thickness of your skull (your energy barrier) !
It is not that difficult. But to comfort you a bit E. Schroedinger wished to have a better mastery of mathematics.
...no hope!
Just ask questions. People wi!l explain it to you.
I believe most minds could easily grasp quantum mechanics. The problem is, from the cradle we are taught a number of facts and concepts and, as we grow, we become convinced that the world is made up of these facts and concepts. Reality is, there is a great deal more of other facts and concepts, most of which cannot be described or managed correctly with words, and require mandatorily the language of mathematics. When scientists do their best and try to describe these facts with words, they get a mixed result and can confuse further many listeners. Then, there is a wrong approach by many schools about the teaching of mathematics, where many pupils become convinced that they aren't shaped for math; possibly, they just got a bad teacher.
So if I want to go faster than light, I just have to run against a wall and if I have enough luck I can found myself on the other side of the wall after having traveled faster than light.
I don't know why but it seems to me that it hurts a lot, maybe because I'm not lucky enough. 😂😂😂
Theoretically yes, I'd say! However, you may have to try many times ... many many times. Never give up. Science is hard.
You have to get a headstart on your other trials but not tell the observer
So the wave function that represents you is too sharp. As you've seen your actual location needs to be a bit blurred . So getting drunk before might help, and certainly makes hitting the wall less painful :-0
The trick to faster than light travel is to cheat and have a head start.
Wait until the Earth is in speed of light , may be easier.
Zwischenzeitlich kannste einfach ein Sieb nehmen, kommt auch was durch.
Excellent explanation of a rather obfuscating topic. To some extent, the popular science writers are responsible for the misunderstandings about tunnel effect. I recall reading one book on quantum mechanics where the writer describes it with the analogy of two pieces of dices in a cup. now inside the cup and next moment sitting outside the cup! Evidently tunnel effect is neither so miraculous nor mysterious. 👍 to a wonderful presentation.
that was the best video that I've ever seen about the tunneling effect. Thanks!🤩
Amazing video. As someone still on the side of not being able to do these calculations, I completely agree with your argument that what makes QM so confusing is that every single time I read/see something about it, there is an interpretation, and it completely messes up everything, sometimes even forgetting basic principles to create some mystical interpretations of QM.
On another note, I feel like a practical example of quantum tunneling would also be useful to understand it, is there any (relatively) simple experiment documenting the phenomenon?
Hello, Gabriel.
You could look at this:
www.scientificamerican.com/article/quantum-tunneling-is-not-instantaneous-physicists-show/
a different take:
www.quantamagazine.org/quantum-tunnel-shows-particles-can-break-the-speed-of-light-20201020/
Or you could give up and trust Sabine. It's what I do!
You might want to look up "tunnel diode" or "Esaki diode"
th-cam.com/video/5f2xOxRGKqk/w-d-xo.html
Excellent and easy to understand video here : th-cam.com/video/-IfmgyXs7z8/w-d-xo.html
Tunnel effects are part of memory technology for a long time. E.g. eproms used on early computers already used tunnel effects to trap electrons within insulated transistor gates... the same tech is used on modern flash memory.
please place important information in the center of the screen, not at the bottom. remember closed captions
I like your use of dynamic graphing techniques and your explanation, you should do an entire physics course using these techniques!
This is one of the best explanations I've heard. Thank you :)
Haha, just when you think everything's neatly solved, there comes a bummer at the end. OK, finally I think, no one can understand quantum mechanics despite Sabine's best effort to convince us otherwise ;-)
I think you are mistaken.
Sabine can you do a video or just say what you think abouth people people explaining abouth science but who are not real science like Bill Nye or its too pointless to talk abouth them.
I am not sure there is much to say. You don't need to be a scientist to communicate science, though it certainly makes things easier.
Thanks Dr. Hossenfelder. I’m taking undergraduate quantum mechanics this semester. This video made me feel a little better about my general confusion and what feels like an instinctual skepticism I must quiet when approaching the subject.
this lady offers some brilliant explanations of things, and rather than regarding her as an 'outsider' or a loose cannon if you will, i believe we should pay very close attention to her interpretations. look at her explanation of 'faster than light' illustration of quantum tunneling effect'. now this is worthy of serious consideration and explanation
There's a key new insight for me from the animations here; the way the probability wave piles up against the barrier and presumably spikes to much higher energies than the peak reached before. Very cool.
So when the position uncertainty is restricted by the barrier, the momentum/energy uncertainly goes through the roof?
The plain-talk and the graphics help immensely Sabine. Excellent job as usual please keep up the good work! 👍😎🇺🇸
I like the fact you as a physicist admit there are things that are still up for debate. Thanks.
Nice explanation. The tunnel effect is a general property of waves in dispersive media. It is well known as a diagnostic tool in plasma physics. The question in quantum mechanics is up to what point you can associate a particle to a wave packet. In your example, for instance, it would look as if you were splitting a particle in two. But of course that's not the case; what you're splitting is the probability of finding the particle on either side of the barrier. Also, when you build a wave packet you're actually superposing the probabilities of particles with a range of momenta, which we interpret as the uncertainty of the momentum. In that sense I agree with what you said at the beginning: understanding [the mathematics of] quantum mechanics isn't hard. People studying waves already understood it in the 19th century. What is hard is to understand the interpretation. Experimental advancements are helping. The time a particle "takes to cross the barrier," for instance, has been recently measured.
Wow, what an illuminating explanation. I always thought that the problem with learning quantum mechanics was an illustration problem. That is, the physicist gave diagrammatic, schematic or graphic depictions that made sense to him (because they described how he conceptualized the issue.) The public, on the other hand, had no point of reference to comprehend what the graphics were illustrating. I always thought it would take a Da Vinci combined with a Feynman to get the idea understandable in the mind of the public. CHANGED MY MIND today. Your animation of the tunneling effect was simple and made the point you were making seem 'obvious' (unavoidable?). It helped even more to discuss the issue in comparison with a 'classical particle'. Truly illuminating episode! Can't wait for the next one.
I just love you! you give one of the best's "one on one with myself times" on the pc.
That was interesting. One would hope someone someday soon will make the same kind of breakthroughs in such science as Einstein did with matter, energy, and gravity on the 'bigger than an angel on the head of a pin' part of the universe.
Sabine, all your videos are brilliant. Thanks for keeping us interested in Physics. I wish I had you as a teacher when I was studying Physics.
First time that it makes sense. Amazing
Your opening statement is exactly my feeling about QM.
You don't understand and not because you can't understand but because you have been told you can't understad so you don't really try to understand.
absolutely enlightening
You're intelligence and down-to-earth descriptions are absolutely beautiful. I love you like a little girl might love a rock star. :D
Fantastic, fantastic! I guess that what we saw is the distribution of the position. It would be illuminating to have simultaneous representation of the momentum distribution
Very interesting. I honestly want to study this in more detail
I was just about to get on my soapbox and she said , "whoops..." . Excellent presentation of the conundrum. Again, we do not need quantum mechanics and its "weirdness" to explain tunneling effects. Classical physics works just fine, preserves the law conservation of energy, preserves the speed of light, and is sane. The effect can easily be explained by Clenthia's law where (-force=-Vi/c). The potential and current are inversely proportional. Or Lenz's law, Lodge's alternative path , and Maxwell's displacement current (the wall is the spark gap or dielectric) can all be used to explain this effect. And the classical Schrodinger's equation is not an equation of probability (insanity) but is one of enstrophy or vorticity squared or pressure or negative force. The longer physicists stick with this QM craziness the longer they are doomed to keep spinning on the hamster wheel.
I work in micro/nanoelectronics and the example I always use to explain to people what Tunnel-Effect means, is using USB-drives or SD-cards.
Flash memory does not work in "classical" physics. The gates on which electrons are stored to encode data (or 'program the flash cell') are completely isolated. there is no conductive path to them.
But if the voltage you apply across the gate is just large enough, some high-energy electrons can pass through to the isolated gate without having enough energy to classically 'pierce-through (and destroy) the gate isolation.
I was amazed how well suited this example is to convince people that this is not just some 'theoretical phenomenon'. Everyone uses it. Millions to Billions of times daily.
I liked the explanation of the tunnel effect very much.
When I was much younger, there were no explanations why point transistors (now no longer available) had such different behaviour compared to the now common junction transistors. The point types oscillated much easier than junction types. Decades later, physicists found out that the points and the higher levels of dopant caused a tunnel effect at the base. From what I know, the electrons that gets thru the potential barrier are those travelling faster in the probability wave (as you said in the video), and that happen with the help of phonons (thermals) from the barrier.
Thanks for the great video!
The speed is not discussed to day anymore. There is the phase velocity and the group velocity. Only the group velocity is the velocity of information transfer, and it is smaller than the speed of light. The phase velocity could transfer information only if it was possible to measure the whole wave function, which is not. In some situations, the group velocity is larger than the speed of light, but it has been calculated that the velocity of energy transfer is smaller all the same. This is usual textbook material. Some people still discuss, but they are definitely wrong. Many more people have wrong ideas about quantum mechanics, that even date back to old quantum mechanics, before 1924.
As a student of electronics engineering I never fully understood the quantum tunneling effect but now thankfully to your video I think I grasped the fundamental things
Stumbbled accross your channel a week ago. I absolutely love it! Trying to get through previously posted videos. Thank you for sharing your learnings!
I second Chookasaurus sentiment (and the others and counting :-). Awesome presentation Sabine! Love how you visually step through, frame, de-mistify these concepts. Interesting questions at the end. Yes, agreement here.. more Quantum Mechanics research for all!
This is a wonderful presentation for non graduate persons taking interest in quantum physics. I appreciate you.
This simple visualization helps so much. Thank you.
Thank you very much Sabine! It was really very interesting!! And thank you very much to your sponsor - BRILLIANT!!!
Dr. Hossenfelder, this kind of demystification of science (QM in this case, but also in any other key areas of science) is extremely helpful for our (the public's) understanding of science. This was an excellent, wonderful demonstration of how the mathematics work and how they can give rise to non-intuitive effects.
If the topic interests you, may I request a similar kind of demystification of _Bayesian inference/probability-theory:_
- perhaps w.r.t. multiple hypothesis testing and prior probability (which relates to your critique about risking billions in funding on unpromising research (e.g. larger colliders)),
- and perhaps especially how it might come into play in quantum theory (if it does; I'm kind of assuming it does, though maybe quantum theory already deals with it so automatically that physicists -- like fish living/breathing in water -- don't recognize that the lay public need to have it mentioned and explained?).
The reason I'm requesting this specific topic is because:
a) it is widely unknown/not-understood in the public; even science students usually only get a cursory introduction to 'Bayes' Rule' in statistics classes that only deals with toy examples,
b) it has historically (continuing today) been used by physicists to tremendously powerful effect while remaining relatively neglected by other sciences, in favour of classical statistics (though this is slowly changing),
c) it relates very strongly to your critiques of scientific peer review and publishing, especially wrt p-value 'hacking' and other misuses of statistics, whereas a Bayesian approach could solve (or at least significantly improve) some of these problems with the scientific method overall,
d) it is becoming *hugely, increasingly* relevant in modern life as Machine Learning applications (and AI research/applications in general) are playing a greater and greater role in our daily life, to the extent that potentially-severely biased, ostensibly-Bayesian machine-learning models -- because of lack of care and understanding of Bayesian principles/probability-theory on the part of tech companies, in particular social media giants -- are more and more influencing the general public's exposure to information.
A good, simple, illustrative example of this latter issue -- and which you are familiar with, having done a video on it recently -- is the sudden resurgence (in the past 5 years or so) of belief that the Earth is flat. (Again, this is just a specific example to illustrate a point.) I highly suspect that this resurgence is in part due to social media 'algorithms' (the modern euphemism for what are essentially machine-learning models) making dubious assumptions about human society, mental health, and well-being. For example, that we necessarily want (or should want) to see more and more videos about things that have 'interested' us in the past. These hidden assumptions (again, resulting ultimately from general ignorance of what's driving these ML models, i.e. Bayesian inference networks, often in the form of black-box neural networks) can inadvertently create self-reinforcing 'belief bubble' communities of people who all become strongly and emotionally attached to a verifiably untrue set of intertwined beliefs.
Of course, humans are prone to this all on their own, but (relatively) widespread belief in a flat Earth popping up suddenly in the height of the Internet age?! It is at least indicative of 'something wrong' with how the public's (and corporations' and governments') (mis)understanding of probability theory, Bayesian inference, hypothesis testing, statistical models, and the critical nature of one's underlying assumptions, can all play a part in leading some people (but ultimately humanity as a whole) down highly irrational belief and decision pathways.
More relevantly to your own channel/interests, this same kind of lack of awareness and understanding has probably (I would go so far as to say 'has definitely') contributed to many other, much larger scale, and much more important problems, such as: lack of understanding of day-to-day science (Covid19, vaccines, climate and global warming, space exploration, psychology and the brain, science funding decisions, etc.), all the way up to political and social divisions where people can become more and more informationally-isolated into self-reinforcing balkanized groupthinking factions who can't even agree on verifiable facts vs. rumour-mongering conspiracy theories.
All of this fueled, again, by naive 'algorithms' that are only ultimately concerned with 'clicks' and 'likes' and 'attention' (i.e. profits), rather than *truth.* At least by introducing the wider public to the scientific and mathematical technology that all of these algorithms are built upon, i.e. Bayesian inference models, and perhaps tying it in to how such models can be used *correctly,* as physicists have been doing for many decades (and I assume is fundamentally built in to quantum theory (?)), then the public at large might at least begin to become *aware* that their lives are being shaped/influenced by statistical models which may be (I'd argue 'definitely are') founded on faulty assumptions.
For this daunting public-education task, I know of no other firebrand better than you, Dr. Sabine Hossenfelder. Hence my heartfelt request. 🙏😌
PS: My understanding of Bayesian probability theory is heavily influenced by the late Edwin T. Jaynes, a physicist and professor of Physics, whose posthumously published book, _Probability Theory: The Logic of Science_ (2003), I would highly recommend to anyone interested in really understanding the power and potential of Bayesian inference. If he were alive today I'm nearly certain he would be a subscriber to your channel! 😊
Excellent explanation; Thank you. It explains well the nuances of quantum effects to lay people like me. I get better understanding today. Thank you.
Amazingly interesting and finally explained for normal person….
Marvelous as always. Thanks, first time I got it. And I like your no nonsense style very much
a brilliant explenation of the tunnel effect.
Very easy to understand such hard physics!
Great video, thank you! You're completely right, little did Feynmann know how much impact his little quote will have. It's about time we stop repeating it.
Fascinating. And baffling. Great background!!
One way to understand quantum tunneling is to recognize that the wave-function does not literally predict the movement of an individual particle over time, it only predicts the probability of detecting "a" particle at any particular location each time you make a measurement. Since all such particles are identical and indistinguishable, it is only our assumption of continuous motion that leads us to conclude that all such measurements are of the "same" individual particle. In the case of quantum tunneling, the wave-function predicts there is a small probability that a particle will appear on the opposite side of the barrier, regardless of how we might imagine "it" manages to "tunnel through" the barrier.
It's just too bad that particles don't exist. ;-)
Another nice thing worth mentioning about the simulation is that it shows interference between the incident and reflected parts of the wavefunction.
How late i noticed this wonderful channel.
Thank you so much Sabine Hossenfelder 👍
Your videos are fantastic! You've got a lovely accent and a luscious voice so your videos are quite brilliant to learn and feel like I actually understand, for a moment, the subject perfectly.
Hello Sabine, I really enjoyed your description of quantum tunneling. The idea that a portion of the waveform can make it through because it has sufficient potential is clear. In your animation at 5:53, you show the wave colliding with the wall. Some portions of the wave rebound with a height greater than the wall. Does this represent the portions of the wave that have enough potential to make it past the wall? I am hoping I understood this analogy correctly. - sincerely, John.
Fantastic explanation of something that really bugged me in school.
A great video Sabine. I'm a physicist, and I have never seen an illustration of the interaction of a particle with a potential wall (I've spent 40 years doing research in physical oceanography). I'd love to see how you did it, how you initialized the wave function, and gave it a shove toward the wall. Thanks again.
If you were a physicist, then you would know that this is not how quantum mechanics actually works. :-)
@@schmetterling4477 You seem to be questioning whether I am a physicist. I have both a BS and MS in physics (no PhD though). I am a member of the principal professional staff at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. They classify me as a physicist, although I like to think of myself as a jack of all trades. You also seem to have some problem with what Sabine has presented; what is wrong with what she presented? In any event, you should probably take that up with her, and not me.
@@HowardS185 But you still don't know how QM works. Hint: the oceans are classical systems.
Thanks. The final part about particles maybe going faster than light was fun. It makes nature more interesting.
An amazing teacher ☘️❤️☘️
That graphic may have been simple, but it was VERY helpful. Thanks!
Buenísima explicación, muy clara.
Thanks! Have a great weekend Sabine, see you next week!
Beautiful video
Sabine - when you described the particle traversing the barrier … all I could conjure up was Jim Morrison yelling at his microphone “…break on through to the other side …” Small wonder I dropped out of school and lived on the beach for the latter part of ‘60s.
(Seriously - great video and a much needed brief tutorial on “Quantum Mechanics” … looking forward and anticipating more 👍🏽❤️)
"...That's the question, which physicists still argue about today" - I love your top notch educative videos, Sabine. Physics is where the action is. 😃
Sabine this is great