What They Didn't Teach You at School about Planet Mercury | NASA's MESSENGER Discoveries
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 4 พ.ค. 2024
- Everything you could want to know about Mercury, from its craters, to its history and geology - plus a look into its most bizarre characteristics. Astrum merch now available! Apparel: teespring.com/stores/astrum-s... Metal Posters: displate.com/promo/astrum?art...
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Pantheon Fossae, Caloris Basin,
Thank you for giving credit to Chen-Wan Yen. She doesn't even have a page on Wikipedia yet made the exploration of Mercury possible.
Wait what, that insane... she's such an important scientist!
@@nononsensegames oh, because you give for granted that I am an English native speaker, right? And you give for granted that she is not a US citizen, right?
Dr Dr 44
@@beares6281 In the USA, it's "take" for granted, not "give". Maine says "hello".
@@BeeFunKnee thank you for your comment. I didn’t understand the “give” until you pointed out that it’s “take” around the US.
Messenger is one of my all-time favorites, because of how magnificent and audacious its flight plan was. You can't get there without including relativistic effects, so the fact that the plan went almost perfectly is proof of the value of the rigor of science.
yeah, I think scientists should be paid more than footballers.
@@English_Lessons_Pre-Int_Interm They should, however it's a supply demand thing. Far more people care about sports than science.....welcome to the dumbass world.
@@English_Lessons_Pre-Int_Interm absolutely
@English_Lessons Pre-Int_Intermediate
Never happen
Not enough people are interested.
Most scientists live off grants. Not by hordes of people willing to pay for tickets.
You're so right! My father was a senior scientist and worked on NASA projects as a contractor, that's given me a real appreciation of what's required to accomplish these things. It's a wonderful thing, we can do amazing things, if we are motivated.
One point I'd like to add: The reason why Jupiter has been visited by so many spacecraft compared to Mercury is because of its use as a gravitational slingshot. Ulysses, Cassini, and New Horizons all did not have Jupiter as a primary target, but only for a gravity assist.
Yes....And this really frustrated the normally friendly Jupitonians as they valiently tried to capture them whizzing by, for they wanted to display them in their living quarters as a trophies of strange creatures which actually walk on only their hind legs!
I actually closely followed ALL of those launchings and once, while on a trip to the Florida Keys with my wife, visited the Kennedy Space Center.
in otherwords cause jupiter is THICC
@@jebes909090 Please translate into English!
@@blackholeentry3489 you mean 2023 Gen Z speak 😂
Also many scientists are biased toward planets with potential for life, or potentially used to have life. I think even if it was easy to get to Mercury, like Venus it would have less interest than Mars, Europa, or Enceladus.
(NOTE: Venus may have had life in the past, but unlike Mars there would be no way to tell because of Venus' volcanism, heat, and acidic atmosphere)
The MOST interesting thing about Mercury that you forgot to mention is the Charged Particle display on the Mercurian nightside. A constant rain of glowing charged particles from the sun can be seen as a psychadelic display from the nightside at surface level as they streak around the Mercurian magnetospheric bowshock to go trailing away from the nightside. To an observer on the nightside surface, this would be a mindbending sight
Cool! Just looked that up.
You've never been to Mercury, so your story can't be trusted.
Fun fact- we can know stuff about places we've never been.
Ikr?
@@ahmadsantoso9712 Go back and read the only book you have in your library
Isn’t that what he goes over at around 26:00?
"Every single one of us is in this picture." I loved seeing the human race's most recent family photo. :-)
"I'm in this photo and I don't like it." 😀
I think I blinked, can we get a redo?
It's amazing how much an atmosphere impacts overall temp.
You'd think being so close to the sun the surface its self would get so hot it'd retain heat on the dark side. But it doesn't, in fact it seems to immediately lose the heat.
It baffles my mind to think about those extremes switching so fast
I guess space itself does such an amazing job of dispersing heat that without an atmosphere to trap it, facing away from the sun even that close still manages to be so cold.
@@gregrowe1168 What I learned in school is that the air absorbs heat, and that's what cools objects. This is a Topic, I think. Such a vast difference is pretty amazing for such a large mass.
@@akiramenai4973 I guess we’re lucky Earth has just the perfect atmosphere for humans. If it were too thick, we’d be similar to Venus. Probably not as hot but still too hot for any life to exist l. Too thin and we’d be just like our moon. Very hot days in excess of boiling point of water and -200 at night.
@@gregrowe1168 To be fair, the Earth's atmosphere has fluctuated for hundreds of millions of years, and part of the reason the atmosphere seems so perfect for us was because of the great oxygenation event 1.8-0.8 billion years ago, which could be seen as a mass extinction event for the primitive microbes that lived at the time. Which is to say, life itself greatly aided in Earth's habitability over billions of years. Of course the Earth itself was lucky enough to not be too close or far away from the sun, and the moon was pretty important too.
You seem surprised about this temperature information. It's not something newly discovered, or recently calculated though.
We've known it for _decades!_
I was told in school that mercury was tidally locked which is what they knew at the time I guess. Thanks for clearing that up.
There are many sources out there that still make this claim, not because they're outdated, but because they define tidal locking differently from traditional synchronous rotation, which is what most people associate with tidal locking. You can look it up online for details, but essentially it's the difference between regular tidal locking and elliptical tidal locking.
What year was that?
Larry Niven wrote a story assuming that Mercury was tidally locked - and the news that it isn't tidally locked came out just before the story was published!
As long as I can remember, I knew a year on Mercury was 88 earth days, but somewhere along the way a DAY on Mercury went from 88 to 59 earth days. I never knew why they changed that until now.
I clicked on the video just to have some background noise, but I ended up stopping everything i was doing to really watch and listen and now craving for more. Really well pieced together. +1 subscriber.
Astrum doing ~50min on Mercury? Yes please ❤
What a wonderful story. The amount of research and planning to make such a magnificent informative video like this must have been massive. I have never seen such depth of information in any video I have ever seen. You are now a Master of Documentary....thank you so much
Try Ahoy too then, you will love it.
The best part is that you can hear him smiling while reading most lines, and that gives me joy knowing others get such joy in these types of things too.
(after a long, hard day at work, it's humbling to find our lives so inconsequential and see these neat shapes on the surface of another planet and know/hypothesize what happened.)
I did a lot of welding when I was younger, and I got to say, looking at mercury the scaring on its surface reminds me of electrical arcing.
Getting a feature length documentary on Mercury is fantastic beyond words. Thank you for this! That orbital trajectory of Messenger just blows my mind. Humans are awesome!
That's tremendous, I have always felt compelled to pursue knowledge and power in order to contribute to the betterment of humanity. Been seeking a means to be influential and find out more knowledge about the human race and about the things not everyone is destined to know. I wish to fulfill the goal of enlightenment passed down by our forebears.
I can totally relate to your passion, if all that is what you desire then i think it's achievable. Joining the Illuminatus Brotherhood can lead to the enlightenment you seek and more. I am well aware that the idea of this group may sound mythical but it is possible to join.
@@bartholetbay412 Hi, isn't the brotherhood a myth? I mean sometimes i just feel like it's all just a conspiracy theory.
@@Margart526 Yeah I acknowledge that misunderstanding can occur when people encounter what they don't fully grasp, especially in this internet era. The Illuminatus advocates for the acceptance of all religions. You can look up "Anthony Szymon". Will give you clarity and answers to any questions you might have.
@@bartholetbay412 oh really, i just saw his website, which is interesting. I will leave him a message.
This is the weirdest bot comment I have seen. Enough internet for today.
It sounds silly, but I feel sad for the probe that crashed into Mercury. It's got to be hard for NASA to say goodbye to their "kids" like that. I know people must get attached to them if I can just hearing about its journey.
I doubt there's a human out there who _hasn't_ mourned an inanimate object at some point in their life.
Often times NASA engineers will spend their entire, or a good portion of their career on one project. I can imagine how it would feel to have something you put years of your life into, come to inevitable end.
Think of the ones that blew up on the pad or launch
@@quantumblauthor7300I dropped a plate of food one time and I cried for 3 hours... I was hungry😢
But kinda badass to be responsible for something you helped with touch another planet.
Can't believe this content is free. Crazy stuff. Thanks for putting such great information on youtube!!
If something is "free" it means you are the product.
@@MBronko "That u are a slave .... Neo !!!" 😂😂🤣
@@neytiritetskahamoatite7688 This isn't some dumb deep philosophical thing. It's a fact, nothing is free. Someone's always paying something.
@@chrish4439 Yeah, i'm paying electricity on my pc. That's true :| And I wasn't really jokes earlier, in the previous comment. That "Matrix" movie is real from many points of view 🙂😉
@@MBronko So, it's no cost to me to observe Mercury in the sky.
This is the best planetary documentaries I have ever seen,
2:02 Earth's bulk composition is almost exactly the same as mars, that is if you took the planets apart seperated them into the elements and shaped them into convenient ingots the number of iron ingots, silicon, aluminum ect. Would be pretty much the same just that mars would have 1/10th as many of each, earth is more dense due to it's material being more compressed due to the greater pressure that its material exerts. If you make Mercury earth sized it would rapidly contract by 20-30% as the iron in its core was forced into a smaller volume and if you used Mercury density material to make a planet as big as earth the amount of mass would be significantly more than Earth's mass. Either scenario would result in a planet with much stronger surface gravity than earth.
But density has nothing to do with size. Mercury is not as dense as earth, so even at earths size, it would have less mass
@@AverageAlienDensity does have to do with mass, because a planet's gravity compresses its interior. If Mercury were enlarged to the size of Earth it would naturally shrink slightly and end up a smaller, denser planet than Earth.
@user-pk9qo1gd6r Assuming it would maintain its high Iron composition
where in *FUCK* did you come up with all that *GARBAGE* about "compressing IRON"???
it's
I am so happy to hear information about Mercury on TH-cam, Always have a interest in the Solar System.
Love ya work Mr Astrum. I had insomnia tonight and this saw me through for awhile. Cheers.
This is utterly fascinating! I've been learning about Mercury as I focus on Moho in Kerbal Space Program... even with the heavily simplified orbital dynamics in that game, it's very difficult to send a probe there, mostly for the same reasons. I was hoping for an explanation of how Mercury's orbit can be used as a proof for the Theory of Relativity, but the geology and particle physics, as well as MESSENGER's 6-year transit, were every bit as amazing.
I do have one suggestion: one can usually fact-check one's pronunciation of foreign and unfamiliar names through Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons. Unlike Google, they don't rely on auto-generated content.
Have you ever tried landing in the Mohole?
You won’t find a proof for the theory of relativity for a very good reason
bot
Supercuts are appreciated. Even if I have to wait, the content is worth it.
How big would the sun apear in the sky, if you were stranding on the surface of Mercury?
Great episode by the way😊
Most of it !!
About 3x larger compared to what it is on earth according to what I saw and worked out in my head on average.
So pretty big, but not taking up most of it.
About the size of your wedding ring fingertip at arms length from your face if I had to guess.
It'd be roughly three times larger than on our sky, I reckon.
@@friendlytalbot4050 and ~seven times brighter.
@@rog2224 And equally as warm to boot, I'd melt! XD
Phenomenal! Thank you so much for this, it's brilliantly entertaining and your presentation of the research information really drew me in.
The most intriguing part (so far, I've not seen the whole video) was the view of the sky from the surface, that was awesome! I look forward to understanding more once BepiColombo arrives. I hope to last long enough to see that mission.
I wasn't taught anything about Mercury in school. I learned it by reading textbooks in libraries starting when I was nine years old.
At school you usually learn about the names of the planets, the order in which they are orbiting the sun, the number of moons, and maybe some general specifics. Oh yeah probably some comets and planetoids stuff too. Most of your classmates don't give a ** about the solar system, and if you are really interested in the solar system you will have to find all the information you want about it yourself.
@@Emdee5632 That's what I said.
It seems you had a stupd scool 😅🤣
2:01 Earth is ridiculosly dense, not because of the chemistry, but because is SO BIG that it starts, at it's core, to have ELECTRONIC OUTER LAYERS OF ATMOMS CRUSHED, MAKING REGULAR CHEMICAL COMPOUND FAR MORE DENSE THAT THAT OF A NORMAL PRESSURE 😂😂🤣
P.S. A planet twice, in size, than Earth, (eight times the Earth's volume) would have, at the same chemical composition, a gravity around 7 to 10 G, or even 15G, makeing it almost impossible to live there ! 🤪😅😂🤣
Same here in Australia, all i bloody learned about was social studies which meant aboriginal studies... I swear Ive learnt more about their culture than they know themselves. riddiculous.
True
Now much is taught about astronomy in school.
Thank you for explaining the backtracking sun phenomenon. I've read that this is so but never understood it. Your description makes perfect sense.
All my homies love drinkin mercury
That explains a lot. Lol
Real
Straight to the point, metallic homie
I prefer gallium, mercury has a burning sensation and mercury has a bit of a kick to it
@@ThePixelated_kris LMAO
I love these deep dives on the solar planets. Each body has SO much personality! I could listen to hours of info on each one.
i love astrums videos so much, ever since i could remember i always had such a curiosity about space. from like 4 or 5 i was askign everyone around me questikns about space, looking up stuff on my moms phone, and as i grew it normalized for me. liking space as much as i did semmed normal that i was so disappointed in school. when i was in the eighth grade the most depth we went into space was how gravity works. it made me so so so upset . turns out not everyone had that hyperfixation on the cosmos. so i enjoy watching videos like these. they remind me of my childhood, a time before worry, before stress, and a time where a kid could be a kid.
That orbit!! 😮😮 What a fantastic video! Thank goodness for the scientist who figured out the solution to getting a spacecraft to Mercury!!
The water droplet and the mounds at the center of many craters was an excellent comparison explaining the phenomenon. As soon as you said water droplet, I immediately got the connection.
This was a very thorough and fascinating video thanks! I've bee a subscriber for years and it is so satisfying to see you nearly hit 1.5M you deserve that so much! Well done.
I love love love your content - by far the best of all the channels of this kind out there.
Your videos are always great Alex, but this one was simply superb. It kept me glued to the screen for almost an hour. Thanks for your hard work,
Astrum videos are really just the best .. very well narrated and very informative 👌🏾👌🏾
Hey Astrum! Thank you for the documentary on Mercury.
Please do documentaries on other planets also!!!
Exceptional video! Truly impressive focus on quality, research, and execution. Thank you!
@Astrum,
Superb documentary. Very well researched, very well written script. 👏
They did 't teach me *anything* about Mercury in school.
And absolutely amazing video thank you so much for taking the time to make this. I learned an exceptional amount of information about Mercury
This is top level information presentation and teaching. Among the best classic science writing and delivery, concise, interesting, informative, gripping without inaccurate drama. Thank you for commanding my attention and making me smarter. Thank you
Another awesome and interesting upload Alex!
always love watching your videos, especially around evening time
Some of my favorite content on youtube! Fascinating stuff man keep it up :)
I just found a gem channel to satisfy my solar curiosity. Great Work, Man!!!
The sheer amount of work and eplanative graphicary done for this video is literally mind-boggling!
I have watched and enjoyed many videos from this channel, but this one is of standard far beyond any of my expectations.
I have to thank you and your team for in less than hour fully informing me on so many, so interesting data collected on what is now one of my favourate planets....
You have a subscriber now (One that is ashamed of not subscribing sooner)
I love watching your videos right before going to sleep. I wonder if my grandkids in 60 years are going to fly to the stars
It’s been a little but. But these videos are well worth the wait! Thank you for spreading knowledge to all of us!
I really loved your last sentence, it's so witty.
'Although it's the most illuminated planet, there's plenty of light to shed in it still'
This is a really well produced high quality educational video. Love it. Well done!
Because it is professionally created then all the information must be true? Do you question anything or are you easily persuaded? Do you ever ask how do they know such information and could you see the data? Why do you accept this information as true? Isn't science supposed to be verified and repeatable? Who verified the information given in this presentation? Did you?
Anyone can see that Mercury is a brilliant light but the images they show do not show a light at all. So which is true? If the solar system is true can you tell me how Mercury can be seen in the night sky in a full light phase if it is a reflection of the sun? Draw that out and tell me how that works?
always loved this channel
One of the most interesting of all of Alex's videos. Thanks!
@Astrum,Superb documentary. Very well researched, very well written script. . always loved this channel.
A long episode but so much great information Sir! Thank You for your effort it is greatly appreciated!
Amazing how every planet in the solar system is utterly unique, and even every crater on every planet seems utterly unique. That seems likely true throughout the universe. And that suggests we will never find another Earth. Better take care of this one.
By breeding children and driving cars?
The planets outside our solar system have their own quirks too. Our galaxy is a crazy place
@@mikeoxmall69420 Yes
@@CordeliaWagner Please take your hatred and small-thinking elsewhere.
Getting footage of a kid on Mercury dropping a ball shows your dedication!
@ 30:35 - Mercury - The Fastest Messenger and the *runniness* of lava under it's shell.
Great Video
Thanks Astrum
Always wanted a deep dive into mercury,👍 the orbit is really stranger than you mentioned if i remember correctly.
Great tour of Mercury.
Amazing vid homie fr.. please do the same long format for Uranus too.. no joke.. that planet is so bizarre and fascinating
Your videos are amazing. You are helping me through a hard time in my life.
If mercury is the first planet, do we have more videos of the other planets to look forward to?
Yess Thank you Alex! I love your longer videos!!
Wow. Amazing facts
I was blown away about that part about it's off centered core, snapping magnetic field and partially solar wind captured exosphere.
It's almost like Mercury is sending messages lol
I really, really like these longer videos. I need something at night to wind down to and I want to make sure I am learning something while doing so; these videos hit that need perfectly. Please do more. I'd watch a video on every planet, Jupiter's moons, space missions, etc
yes, except when it is 2am and i'm still watching :D
@@pmajoros lol I know your pain! Too interesting to shut off. Love these as a wind down before bed - killing three birds with one stone. Relaxing before bed, learning something and supporting a content creator I enjoy.
Amazing video. Better than Nova. What an era to live in that I can watch something like this cost free, on demand. Life is good.
We also live in an era where we don't have to grow our own crops, and raise our own animals for food. Other people do that for us. Other people transport and distribute that food throughout the nation. All we do is go to the market and buy it. We don't have to chop our own wood to cook, and keep warm during the winter.
We also don't have to worry about being eaten by a five hundred pound predator, when we leave our homes.
All those activities used to consume most of the day, not too long ago. Only about two hundred years.
Not anymore. That's why so many of us are fat. I have to monitor my weight, and how much food I eat, all the time.
I spend a good portion of my day watching videos like this, and reading digital comic books, and novels.
Great time to be alive !! There are no words to describe how lucky we are. Cheers all.
What a great series. A lot of not so popular information. It is also suitable for listening. Thank you!
Astonishing video. Absolutely amazing! Roundabouts? Insane!
Love it! I am curious as to the scarcity of central peaks in the craters on Mercury. On the moon, generally, every crater greater than a certain diameter has a central peak. On Mercury, central peaks seem to be the exception. I'm curious as to why that might be.
Because the moon only has a thin skin covering A hollow spheroid inner body. Apollo missions would crash their service modules into the moon before returning to Earth, which would cause the moon to "ring like a bell"... sometimes resonating for hours.
The moon isn't hollow, and Michael has been watching or reading too many conspiracy theories.
Oh sure...the next thing you'll tell us is the pyramids weren't built by Aliens, right?!?! The truth is out there...😁
@@michaellee6489 they ridicule when they can't respond. 😁👍
@@michaellee6489 my man watching too much naruto
Every video is an instant click. 11/10
Wow. One of the very best you put out there. The title looked like bait, but half way in I bow my head in shame for the mere thought. Hats off!!!
About Apollodorus and the glass like fractures: This might be utterly stupid due to my lack of knowledge but the first thing that came to my mind was whether the surface of Mercury in that location could have contained a lot of glass or an entire layer of glass. Volcanoes on Earth can create obsidian and the ancient Egyptians used a pale yellow milky type of glass in their jewelry. This glass came from the desert and if I remember correctly it is created by the intense heat generated from meteorites. I suppose this only happens when there’s a certain type of sand present but I don’t know. I was just thinking that maybe the “right” type of sand was only present in the area around Apollodorus explaining why the special fractures are only found in this one place.
Didn't think it was possible to make a video about Mercury this long. Only half way through and it's 3 a.m., so have to call it a night. 😄
What a masterclass! I feel so much better after watching this beautiful pill of knowledge, that I want to learn more.
Incredible video, thanks, I was hooked start to finish.
Cool mate. Cannot wait for new information about Mercury now. Touche.
Is there a possibility that there might be a huge eruption from Mercury's surface due to build up pressure from it's mantle? Also due to it's rapid cooldown on the surface?
Mercury is such an underrated planet.
Alex, this supercut is incredible. You are a genius!
Really, really good presentation. Enjoyed it a lot. Thanks dude.
Really excellent - your best so far. And the best and most interesting documentary on Mercury I've seen. Fascinating and riveting stuff. Thank you for making this.
No doubt this is the best video I have ever seen about Mercury.
Big fan of your channel, thank you for your work and dedication...
I'm not sure if you did it already, but, can you do a video like this one about the sun :)
You can cops the channel name, paste it into the searchbar and add sun.
I am not a big fan but I can remember the list of videos.
What a fantastic video. I really love this channel. Your voice is also very very relaxing.
Outstanding work! I have often wondered why we study the other planets and not Mercury. Now I know. I am so glad to live in this renaissance of electronic communication where I have learned so much at a mere keystroke. If only I could peek far into the future, say. 1,000 years ahead. Death is the thief of us all for we will never know all the secrets of the universe, better yet, the multiverse. Thank you for this terrific documentary.
I believe that Mercury was once a "Hot Jupiter" and what we have today is the core, which would account for the high metallicity of Mercury.
If I understand right, Earth was once covered in water and a thick cloudy atmosphere over that. I once read that scientists were considering different radioactive isotopes to find one which would have created a lot of heat while decaying at the right rate to boil off a lot of the water but leave what we have now. They came up with an isotope of aluminium, though I can't remember the atomic number.
That, or Mercury 's original crust and mantle were blown off in a grazing impact.
When I was in school there had not been a probe to Mercury.
What an excellent, well-documented presentation. Thank you.
Wow. So many thanks for this incredible video!
What would it be like to experience a volcanic eruption with no atmosphere and low gravity? I can't imagine.
Check out Jupiter's moon Io and Neptune's moon Triton.
Love this! I learned a lot about this poor neglected planet.
quality over the top! I especially appreciate the explanation of the behavior of the sun on the sky
Love your videos Astrum, thanks! Also, that's my video and Physics Today article you are showing at 11:30 :)
Anyone else wondering how they know that mercury contracted by 14 km
that seems like a stretch to me
Mercury isn't just closest to Earth on average, on average it's closest to every planet in Solar System.
This is one of things many people should ponder a bit.
Far too many people imagine the solar system as a line, not a disk. Even a disk is bit of an approximation. But when you're trapped into thinking of the solar system as a line you are locked into a horribly incorrect idea of all the planets arranged in a simple sequence along that line.
Why Mercury is the closest planet to all the other planets is something that... well... becomes obvious if you think about it a wee bit but is impossible to believe when you are stuck thinking in 1D.
I guess that’s true since it zips around the sun faster than any other planet. So if you measured distance for a whole year for instance, mercury would be on average closer because it spends more days on the same side of the sun as the other planets. It just keeps lapping them and meeting them again at a later date.
Venus gets much more close, however.
This was super exciting to learn about. Thank you!
your work shall never go unappreciated
10:44 is this us and the moon or the sun and us?
I was wondering that, too!
It says view of the earth and moon on the top left so
@@TheCore1089 omg, TY! 🤦♀️ lol
@@TheCore1089 i feel so stupid right now
@@headsplits no worries 😊
Mercury isn't dense; its parents were just lax in emphasizing its education.
Best chanel on earth, I always end up watching the whole thing, please keep it up
Great work, appreciate it a lot, thanks:)
If you think it's easy to map Mercury, you don't know the half of it