Pavement | Introduction to Pavement Materials | Difference Between Tar & Bitumen | Types of Pavement

Pavement engineering is a branch of civil engineering that uses engineering techniques to design and maintain flexible (Bitumen/Asphalt) and rigid (concrete) pavements. This includes streets and highways and involves knowledge of soils, hydraulics, and material properties. Pavement engineering involves new construction as well as rehabilitation and maintenance of existing pavements. Maintenance often involves using engineering judgment to make maintenance repairs with the highest long-term benefit and lowest cost.
The pavements can be classified based on the structural performance into two, flexible pavements and rigid pavements.
In flexible pavements, wheel loads are transferred by grain-to-grain contact of the aggregate through the granular structure. The flexible pavement, having less flexural strength, acts like a flexible sheet (e.g. bituminous road).
On the contrary, in rigid pavements, wheel loads are transferred to sub-grade soil by flexural strength of the pavement and the pavement acts like a rigid plate (e.g. cement concrete roads).
In addition to these, composite pavements are also available. A thin layer of flexible pavement over rigid pavement is an ideal pavement with most desirable characteristics. However, such pavements are rarely used in new construction because of high cost and complex analysis required.
Pavements are a conglomeration of materials. Flexible Pavement consists of Bitumen and Aggregates as major components. Bitumen is made of Hydrocarbons and will be available even in gaseous state before the production process. These materials, their associated properties, and their interactions determine the properties of the resultant pavement. Thus, a good understanding of these materials, how they are characterized and how they perform, is fundamental to understanding pavement.

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