It's a bit like if you inflate a balloon, the volume represents your knowledge, the surface area represents the things your discover that you don't know. I guess it's just that you first have to understand the basic concepts of something to realize how much there is to know about it and until you do, all of that doesn't exist to you.
Thank you for making FREE videos for PREMED students. Many intelligent students can't afford MCAT prep packages and even basic books! So you are doing a huge favor to them by making detailed videos on MCAT topics. All of the poor students are future doctors and they will be donating regularly to this amazing channel ❤ I wish a free medical school will be established one day just like Khan Academy, professional, kind and generous, in which people can study doctor of medicine for free.✨
Great video, however one simple mistake: Kinases don't "dephosphorylate" molecules under physiological conditions. Enzymes for dephosphorylation reactions are called "phosphatases". The reason why the "pyruvate kinase" is called kinase is that while these metabolic reactions were being discovered, scientists tried out these reactions in vitro to see what the enzymes do and they put too much pyruvate and so turned the reaction balance in favour of phospoenolpyruvate (PEP) as product, so they thought, the enzyme phosphorylated pyruvate. But in reality, under physiological concentrations, the enzyme actually "dephosphorylates" PEP.
I will always love biology the most. Chemistry, well, not so much. I mean it's quite an interesting subject but it makes me struggle so much at school. Same for Physics.
Sloth no offence but to me he sounded really excited which was kind of annoying since I was breaking my brainpan to try make sense out of glycolysis....
Thanks SO much, for all the videos you provide... It's helped me a lot throughout my medical career in the Dominican Republic. I finished it, and will graduate soon. Right now, I'm studying for the USMLE and reviewing quite a bunch of knowledge gaps! I don't agree with the comments on how his speech is too excited or whatever. Precisely, that's what makes me NOT fall asleep or get bored, since the way he talks makes everything much more interesting.
I look away for 20 seconds and next thing you know, I'm as lost as a 3 year old in walmart by how much stuff you just put on the screen Sigh, that's biology for you
@@emeka3033 best of luck my friend...make sure you work hard and make every moment of studying count. Perhaps even more important, make sure you give yourself time every week to rest and reward yourself for your hard work. Best of luck to you
I had to walk out of my biology lecture and just look this process up on Kahn Academy because there was no way I was going to absorb any information with the way she was teaching it.
hey, Mr. khan, Id really appreciate it if you could include printable versions of the notes that you write in the videos as a link in the video description.
Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) is a perfect enzyme that catalyzes dihydrooxyacetone phosphate into 3-phosphoglyceric acid. There is an enol middle metabolite between these two steps. But this enol middle metabolite is easy to release phosphate group and become to malonaldehyde in a neutral cellular environment. The significance of TPI enzyme lies in that it has approximately 10 aa residues forming a loop that is designed to cover the enol middle metabolite preventing its release. In the end, as long as 3-phosphoglyceric acid is produced, this loop or cover will leave and let 3-phosphoglyceric acid go and do next reaction into 1,3- diphosphoglyceric acid.
Thank you so much. A wonderful review for SAT subject test for which I am preparing even though College Board requires me to know much less about Glycolysis than what this video taught me.
just for the record, the two kinase enzymes in steps 1 and 2 transfer a phosphoryl group, NOT a phosphate. It seems like splitting hairs, but it's important to account for the oxygen atom.
Hi there, In the graph you drew, you only have 5 hydrogens for glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate. However, the formulate for this molecule is C3H7O6P. Just a little confused with why there are 2 missing hydrogen. Thank you so much
the phosphate is with or withour hydrogen atoms, since it reacts with water in an equilibrium reaction. He chose to draw it without the hydrogen; yet, we can still put the phosphate with the ti hydroxyles
I think it’s cruel that the A.P. Bio, 12u bio curriculum requires us to memorize the steps of glycolysis. Although, I do appreciate the complex process that allows us to break down sugar from food and convert into the universal energy currency, ATP.
You guys should run a few ads but only before and after the video. It is very profitable, and it would ensure your survival as a channel. Ads before and after the video also wouldn't interfere with the learning process in the same way that ads in the middle of the video would.
The magnesium coupled atp is to make sure as you break atp to adp you dont go throwing energy grenades all around the cell. So the magnesium is used to stabilize the phosphate offloading.
Hexokinase is also deliberately used to trap the glucose in the cell. To create a negative charge on glucose and allow for repulsion to the cell membrane.
Step 6 of glycolysis is converting glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate to 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate which has a chemical formula of C3H7O6P and C3H8O10 respectively. G3P gives one of its hydrogen to NAD+. I don't understand where did 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate get its 2 hydrogen and 4 oxygen.
In my chemistry book and other sources there is one hydrogen less on the final pyruvate molecule. You have a full COOH group there, which one is correct ? Pyruvate with COO- or COOH ?
Nice video! Actually the enzyme hexokinase is accompanied by the enzyme glukokinase which works at higher glucose concentrations. Otherwise, pretty cool!
I often hear Sal or other presenters make reference to other videos that they've already made that cover topics that come up in this video. Since I occasionally am just happening to come across thee vids while browsing TH-cam, it would be helpful if they could provide links to the videos they're referencing. I'd after all like to watch those too, and it would save me some time from searching through Khan Academy's library. Just an idea.
I understand this cos I basically knew the topic, and would like to suggest maybe a more simplified explanation will suffice, cos it feels quite heavy when he explains...🤔😂 idk😐 anybody feels the same way?🤔😅
![SAFEPLANET - ดาวเคราะห์ [ THE PLANET ]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/4X1XL3I_k3c/mqdefault.jpg)
Why do I feel like the more science you know, the more you realize the less you know.
It's a bit like if you inflate a balloon, the volume represents your knowledge, the surface area represents the things your discover that you don't know. I guess it's just that you first have to understand the basic concepts of something to realize how much there is to know about it and until you do, all of that doesn't exist to you.
Kant has a theory about this. the more you know you are pushing your knowledge limitations further and you realize how little it represents.
hahaha! same man!
"As for me, all I know is that I know nothing" Socrates used to say. Humans are always the same:)
That means your learning and your way of thinking has been advised by several of my professors
‘mind wanders for 5 seconds’ welp time to go back 3 minutes
facts
That’s so true
so true!
story of my life
Seriously smh
Thank you for making FREE videos for PREMED students. Many intelligent students can't afford MCAT prep packages and even basic books! So you are doing a huge favor to them by making detailed videos on MCAT topics. All of the poor students are future doctors and they will be donating regularly to this amazing channel ❤ I wish a free medical school will be established one day just like Khan Academy, professional, kind and generous, in which people can study doctor of medicine for free.✨
Kahn puts my $100 biology textbook to shame. He's straight up out here slaying the science game. Thanks, Kahn.
Atleast spell his name right...
@@mohamedmotaz5194 he clearly khant
Cool. Now if I watch this 10 more times I might have it memorized. . . Maybe.
Write it down from memory instead - much more efficient
Wow so fast?! (not even ironic)
literally same
@@onetwoBias I agree!
Maybe checkout a less detailed one? It's rly not tht complicated
I have to memorize this for Tuesday. Lord help me.
May God help you.
how did u do?
shko ata well I had Glycolysis down, but the rest of the exam was the beggining of my demise
i need to learn al of this for this tuesday ha. Apparently tuesday is test day
Aimee I have to memorize this for tomorrow...
Stop sounding so excited, we hate glycolysis.
Lmao true
ahhahahahahaha This one takes the cake
Nah, I enjoy learning about it, it's interesting to know what's going on in our bodies
WaveDancer171 you do...And that's great! This is just the silly opinion of 90 percent of the people studying glycolysis..😑
WaveDancer171 you will hate it once you will see this in order to memorize it.
Great video, however one simple mistake:
Kinases don't "dephosphorylate" molecules under physiological conditions. Enzymes for dephosphorylation reactions are called "phosphatases".
The reason why the "pyruvate kinase" is called kinase is that while these metabolic reactions were being discovered, scientists tried out these reactions in vitro to see what the enzymes do and they put too much pyruvate and so turned the reaction balance in favour of phospoenolpyruvate (PEP) as product, so they thought, the enzyme phosphorylated pyruvate.
But in reality, under physiological concentrations, the enzyme actually "dephosphorylates" PEP.
Thank you for this nice information 👍 It can be crucial detail.
If my body was able to take my biology test for me, I would've totally aced it.
Even if this man was speaking in Navajo, my current level of understanding would still be the same.
Aquarian Sage retweet
that is literally me 2 years later. funniest thing i read all day..
🤣🤣
you know it that well?
I will always love biology the most. Chemistry, well, not so much. I mean it's quite an interesting subject but it makes me struggle so much at school. Same for Physics.
Weeeell, we have this topic for biology and I now only understand it more in Khan Academy than my Bio teacher.
@@anshikasrivastava3951 Being indian has absolutely nothing to do with that
You just made me understand the cycle in 12 mins that my teacher couldn’t in a 2 hours lecture. Thank you so much for putting this out for FREE
Why is life so complicated!?
Creativity of god
Yet another equation : law_of_physics x random x huge_amount_of_time x selection = complexity of life
Cuz complexity makes life awesome
the double meaning...👍
Coz we r science students✌
3:13 is aCtUaLLy litEraLly the epitome of expectation vs reality and I died
best comment
i cant stop laughing !!!
😭so tough for a class 10 student like me
Gosh this guys you'll be a voice actor; he's got such a soothing and calming voice ^_^
Sloth no offence but to me he sounded really excited which was kind of annoying since I was breaking my brainpan to try make sense out of glycolysis....
90% of the video: we talked about this in another video
10% of the video: actually explaining glycolysis
Wish the number of your comment's likes add to your IQ
realll🤣
Thanks SO much, for all the videos you provide... It's helped me a lot throughout my medical career in the Dominican Republic. I finished it, and will graduate soon. Right now, I'm studying for the USMLE and reviewing quite a bunch of knowledge gaps!
I don't agree with the comments on how his speech is too excited or whatever. Precisely, that's what makes me NOT fall asleep or get bored, since the way he talks makes everything much more interesting.
I look away for 20 seconds and next thing you know, I'm as lost as a 3 year old in walmart by how much stuff you just put on the screen
Sigh, that's biology for you
This man knows everything, only rival to Johnny Sins himself.
i studied glycolysis for nearly 4 years and only that video makes me understand it
I can's appreciate the complexity when I need to know all of this for a test lol
MCAT is in one month. This is a life saver. Thank you!
howd u do
@@emeka3033 92 percentile! Thank you again!
@@davidadams255 you legend, I’m studying for my first test in mid august
@@emeka3033 best of luck my friend...make sure you work hard and make every moment of studying count. Perhaps even more important, make sure you give yourself time every week to rest and reward yourself for your hard work. Best of luck to you
thanks to this academy, my grades aren't dropping like hell. love this channel
You just explained what my biochem professor has been trying to explain for the past 2 weeks. (and drastically failing at it) Thanks!!
DannyAwesome63 A professor had to explain this in bio chem?! Wow I am learning this in general biology. Makes me less afraid of biochemistry now!
I had to walk out of my biology lecture and just look this process up on Kahn Academy because there was no way I was going to absorb any information with the way she was teaching it.
@@Autumnpaige19 Biochem, you learn the mechanisms and reproduce them.
You really made it so much easier to understand. Thank you!
THIS IS THE BEST VIDEO ON GLYCOLYSIS EVER! Please do one like this on kreb cycle please!!!
hey, Mr. khan, Id really appreciate it if you could include printable versions of the notes that you write in the videos as a link in the video description.
wow! BRILLIANT!,I am from Ethiopia East Africa and I love learning from your video!
my teacher explained this in a way that is hard to understand, and i am soooo happy this channel exist
In what Universe would anyone consider disliking this video. Thanks you 🙏🏻
“this over here was replaced with that over there”
me: finished the video
Also me: and that's why i hate sugar.
Dope video, I love how you actually enjoy what you're talking about and are enthusiastic about it!
This is what I need for the exam next week 😌😌 Thanks God you are here Khan
Last 2 seconds of the video:
"Actually makes sense"
(JAW DROPS)👍
It only took him 6 years to post the video. lol
Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) is a perfect enzyme that catalyzes dihydrooxyacetone phosphate into 3-phosphoglyceric acid. There is an enol middle metabolite between these two steps. But this enol middle metabolite is easy to release phosphate group and become to malonaldehyde in a neutral cellular environment. The significance of TPI enzyme lies in that it has approximately 10 aa residues forming a loop that is designed to cover the enol middle metabolite preventing its release. In the end, as long as 3-phosphoglyceric acid is produced, this loop or cover will leave and let 3-phosphoglyceric acid go and do next reaction into 1,3- diphosphoglyceric acid.
This video helps me a lot to understand the glycolysis process. Thanks!
Had to memorize all the anabolic and catabolic processes for my upcoming test next week. Please bless my soul.
itd be nice to have the whole page in one shot, so i could follow the reaction process
teacher moved test to tmrw. panicking. no time. bye
How’d it go
The people demand answers
Great video, thanks for mentioning all the enzymes involved
I always watch your videos if I need to study something or I need to teach it’s so well explained!
thank you so much for this vid! helped me so much! my biochem professor is clearly failing at explaining
Thank you so much. A wonderful review for SAT subject test for which I am preparing even though College Board requires me to know much less about Glycolysis than what this video taught me.
just for the record, the two kinase enzymes in steps 1 and 2 transfer a phosphoryl group, NOT a phosphate. It seems like splitting hairs, but it's important to account for the oxygen atom.
Khan academy is a life saver
Borrowing your brain to take the exams sounds better than this lol
i thought i was the only one who thought like that
Shani Williams I know right!!!
Lol bet they graduated by now
Superb explanation 👌👌👌🙏🙏🙏
Hi there,
In the graph you drew, you only have 5 hydrogens for glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate. However, the formulate for this molecule is C3H7O6P. Just a little confused with why there are 2 missing hydrogen.
Thank you so much
the phosphate is with or withour hydrogen atoms, since it reacts with water in an equilibrium reaction. He chose to draw it without the hydrogen; yet, we can still put the phosphate with the ti hydroxyles
Thank you very much you make my life easier !
Wow... I just began bio 20 and I’m already hooked on this, but I really should’ve taken Chem first!
The best! Thank you so much!!
Ur talking style and ur voice make me listen u again and again.. 😅😍
I think it’s cruel that the A.P. Bio, 12u bio curriculum requires us to memorize the steps of glycolysis. Although, I do appreciate the complex process that allows us to break down sugar from food and convert into the universal energy currency, ATP.
majestirial,world class,sensational,brilliant,astonishing,intimate,definitive,point-wise.......
Amazing video. Very very helpful! Thank you Khan Academy!
his voice is hot 10/10
To make it a bit more complex you could have drawn it in spiral instead of in circle.
No, but seriously, thanks for the explanation! Very helpful.
You guys should run a few ads but only before and after the video. It is very profitable, and it would ensure your survival as a channel. Ads before and after the video also wouldn't interfere with the learning process in the same way that ads in the middle of the video would.
literally helped me SOOOOO******* MUCH thank you Khan!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
I love you man come and teach in my University,:")
you need to start putting adds on the videos my man.. they are so good.
Thanks a bunch mate. That is exactly what I needed.
Thank you that was very helpful for me 🙏❤
2 atp for anaerobic and 38atp for aerobic respiration energetics.
Omg thank you so much this really helped me for my freshman bio class
The magnesium coupled atp is to make sure as you break atp to adp you dont go throwing energy grenades all around the cell. So the magnesium is used to stabilize the phosphate offloading.
Hexokinase is also deliberately used to trap the glucose in the cell. To create a negative charge on glucose and allow for repulsion to the cell membrane.
This is really appreciated. This one is the best one 😍
great video, glad to know i can always come here for science help! :D
crying in the club rn my teacher didnt even teach us she gave us a ppt and some hw ffs
Really helpful.. Thanks alot and much appreciated
I real appreciate this video. Helps too much
This is GREAT!!! Thank you!
It is discovered by scientists because of their desire.
Its our exam day and im watching , cramming is life
This helped me so much, thank you.
i find everything about this so simple
Have to freakin memorize this for report tomorrow. Wish me luck guys😭
How was it? Gosh Amma report this next week help me
Lord I just need to pass this class , and I will never heard of this again in my life
Same dude I got a test in 2 hours
@@Ja-vx2nr howd you do?
@@asha_4095 Good enough
And I thought intro to microbiology was going to be easy 😂
How can we appreciate its complexity
Step 6 of glycolysis is converting glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate to 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate which has a chemical formula of C3H7O6P and C3H8O10 respectively. G3P gives one of its hydrogen to NAD+. I don't understand where did 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate get its 2 hydrogen and 4 oxygen.
thank you for the vidya, you got a fire voice
dis is d bst way to explain..... things got so much easier after watching d video ... always appreciated d work of khan academy😉...awesome-est
Thnxs this is very helpful of my study
In my chemistry book and other sources there is one hydrogen less on the final pyruvate molecule. You have a full COOH group there, which one is correct ? Pyruvate with COO- or COOH ?
I stooped the video in the middle to search “ how khan academy videos are made” and now finally i know and i can watch in peace
tell me
"3 cahhh bunn molecule" at 0:26
couldn't stop laughing at that part lol
Nice video! Actually the enzyme hexokinase is accompanied by the enzyme glukokinase which works at higher glucose concentrations. Otherwise, pretty cool!
these processes are so fun!! It actually feels so much better to know the mechanisms behind them rather than just memorizing the names.
thanks a lot... u helped a lot
Now glycolysis sat in my mind😍
I often hear Sal or other presenters make reference to other videos that they've already made that cover topics that come up in this video. Since I occasionally am just happening to come across thee vids while browsing TH-cam, it would be helpful if they could provide links to the videos they're referencing. I'd after all like to watch those too, and it would save me some time from searching through Khan Academy's library.
Just an idea.
time to go fail my biology midterm wish me luck
You should do all the videos man,
I hope Khan Academy can produce a downloadable trans for this. Somewhat like a reviewer lol we're such spoiled brats
I understand this cos I basically knew the topic, and would like to suggest maybe a more simplified explanation will suffice, cos it feels quite heavy when he explains...🤔😂 idk😐 anybody feels the same way?🤔😅
12:00 --A kinase only phosphorylates. A PHOSPHOTASE dephosphorylates.
Thanks 🤩🤩🤩🤩