Everything Switches do - Part 1 - Networking Fundamentals - Lesson 4
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 27 ม.ค. 2021
- Switching is the process of facilitating communication within a network. Switches are simply device's whose primary purpose is Switching.
This definition is intentionally worded as such because there are many devices that claim to do "switching" -- and all of those devices will follow the same rules and processes that Switches do to facilitate communication within a network.
In this video we discuss Switches as L2 devices, MAC address tables, and the three fundamental switch actions: Learning, Flooding, Forwarding. We then compare and contrast the act of sending data THROUGH a switch vs sending data TO a switch.
=== Networking Fundamentals - Module 1 ===
Lesson 1 - Network Devices
Part 1: • Network Devices - Host...
Part 2: • Hub, Bridge, Switch, R...
Lesson 2 - OSI Model
Part 1: • OSI Model: A Practical...
Part 2: • OSI Model: A Practical...
Lesson 3 - Everything Hosts to do speak on the Internet
Part 1: • Everything Hosts do to...
Part 2: • Everything Hosts do to...
Lesson 4 - Everything Switches do to facilitate communication
Part 1: • Everything Switches do...
Part 2: • Everything Switches do...
Lesson 5 - Everything Routers do to facilitate communication
Part 1: • Everything Routers do ...
Part 2: • Everything Routers do ...
Part 3: • Router Hierarchies and...
Lesson 6 - Networking Protocols
- • Network Protocols - AR...
- ARP, FTP, SMTP, HTTP, SSL, TLS, HTTPS, DNS, DHCP
- Four items MUST be configured for Internet Connectivity
Lesson 7 - How Data moves through the Internet
- • How Data moves through...
- Interview question: What happens when you type "site.com" into a web browser?
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*Full Course Status: Wait and See.*
Hopefully you've come to realize that I put _a lot_ of effort into the content I create. I'm not a course creator that will simply turn on the screen recording and ramble, then call that teaching. I meticulously plan _every_ module and lesson to _maximize the learning and value_ for the student.
To that end, it takes me a while to put together courses. If I'm going to dedicate the time, resources, and energy to putting this full course together, I need to know that there is enough interest in the full course. I'm rating that by how wide a reach this series achieves.
*If you are interested in seeing the full course developed, then the best way to bring that to fruition is to spread the word about this content* . By itself it already conveys _a lot_ of value. So sharing even just the 7 lessons (13 videos) in this series will surely help whoever you share it with.
Plus ... many online communities would greatly benefit from these videos. Think of all the Internet points you could acquire if you shared this series (karma, likes, follows, etc.) 😉
Use this link to share the full series:
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What happens in your Discord?
@@adedejiemmanuel1 It's just a place for people learning networking to gather. I'm in there often enough if you also want to ask follow on questions.
I also use Discord for the student chat for students of my courses: classes.pracnet.net/
There are a lot of great networking tutorials on TH-cam but this series is by far the best. You explain everything so clearly and with great examples to help reinforce the knowledge. Thank you so much for taking the time to make these videos, they are absolutely fantastic.
Thank you for the kind words, Kiwi =) Glad you enjoyed it. Please help me spread the word about this content!
I agree with you Kiwi. This is a final destination for me
😁🤓AWESOME and THANK you!! The animation makes this like Saturday morning cartoons I love!😊
After finishing the playlist, I will be purchasing the Full Course to extend my gratitude to Ed. I'm sure the TLS Deep Dive won't be too far off too!
This course is one of the best tutorials I've seen. Thanks for all your effort.
Thank you, Pete. I appreciate the kind words.
Could you do me a favor? Do you mind sharing this video on Linked In, Reddit, Facebook, or any other social media you use? As an independent creator, that would be an _enormous_ help, and I would appreciate it _greatly_ .
Your genius at explaining something in such simplicity is out of this world.
Thank God very much for your existence.
Thanks again, CoolNerd =). Glad you're enjoying this series!
@@PracticalNetworking Of course!!! Thank you so much!
This series is the best networking tutorial I have seen so far on the internet. Thanks for doing a great Job.
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The best networking courses I have ever seen so far!! Thank you very much!!!
I am watching this again, like new wine, its evergreen. Thank you.
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Thanks again man. Clear, well structured, and to the point. Perfect for a newbie.
You're welcome, Antonio. Glad you enjoyed the content!
This is fantastic! So simple and easily explained - thank you.
This is amazing!!
You are a great teacher. Thanks for your explanations so simple to understand
Criminal you're not doing the entire course. I'm entering back into university and this is such a flawless tutorial from top to bottom. I'd have no issue paying for the full course.
The full course will be completed. I'm 100% committed to it. Rest assured =)
Please do already! 😢❤@@PracticalNetworking
@@PracticalNetworkingwe really do appreciate you for committing to it! Great course 👍🏾
Crystal clear explanations and definitions of everything here. I think it would be difficult to NOT understand the concepts after you've explained them. THANKS Ed! (:
Amazing stuff. I just keep watching your videos from the time I discovered them.
Glad you like them!
Please continue creating more networking videos. You explain it in such a way that I always understand by the end. The best out there for me. Would love to see you cover all the aspects. Thanks for spending the time to put these together for free!
Exellent😊
Learn,flood and forward. i will never forget this about switches. Amazing explanation. I can not skip any of these videos .
Thank you, Kofi =)
Finally some deeper explanation, I was really interested in MACs part ,and still simple, thank you!
Glad you enjoyed it. You're welcome!
Great work. I watched it one time. I need watch it at least 3 times.
This is another excellent, succinct tutorial from Practical Networking!
Thank you so much sir!
Awesome explanation for every subject!
Excellent! You're kind of a computer networking wizard, very good at explaining how it works. Thanks for sharing your knowledge.
You're very welcome, Jeytis. Cheers!
Great Mentor !!Impressed by the way you teach. Please cover all switching and routing concepts with protocols
Routers are covered in the next few videos of the series =). Here's the full playlist: th-cam.com/play/PLIFyRwBY_4bRLmKfP1KnZA6rZbRHtxmXi.html
Okay. I knew nothing about communications and how internet worked in general. Your tutorial playlist on networking is GOLD, and i seriously mean it !
Now, i can think of how i can architecture my network at home, how i can create my personnal server and how i can connect to it... Even from another location, through internet ;)
Thank you a LOT !!!
Whoa Nicolas, thanks for the kind note =). It's almost as of the intent of this series was to provide a *practical* explanation of *networking* . It's _almost_ as if that's the whole purpose of the channel ;)
In any case, glad you got a lot out of it. =)
thank you very much man!!
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Love it =). Got a kick out of your comment. Glad you're enjoying this content, Harold.
Outstanding!!!! Your teaching style, awesome keep videos coming
Thanks Paul. Thank you for your support =)
Exceptionally well explained !!!!! Thanks a ton ☺☺
The video is very useful! very well done, thank you and keep it up.
Thank you. Will do =)
I can’t wait to jump into the subnetting mastery playlist …. I know u slam that shit!!!
One of the most practical series and so easy to understand difficult subject. Please create the full fundamental course, I think whoever will watch it, definitely get benefit from it. Also, if you can have some lesson on i.e Network types on VM, i.e. NAT, Host only etc work & How Kubernetes and WAN technology works in basic , then I will be grateful to you. Thanks a lot
:)
Great JOB! Right on POINT! Thanks a lot!
You're welcome!
Very explicit! Thanks Sir.
I've spent money on udemy to understand "nothing" (i mean i've learned the hard way with teachers explaining the "hard" and "complex" way" and i've found that u have the best wording to explain everything so easily and understandable. Its not easy to have this ability. >Thanks
Thank you for the video!
By far one of the best series on Networking I can say. Whoever wants to know the basic and in detail concepts of networking can simply ignore other contents on you tube and just watch this one. It gives you all necessary knowledge with great examples.
Hey @PracticalNetworking,
Thank you so much for posting this tutorial and helping us in understanding the concepts in simple and best way. all content I was searching about networking in the past two days, I have got it in this series itself. I will definitely recommend this to others and share the videos as we.. Thanks once again for posting this kind of tutorials which are helping us a lot.
Waiting for remaining videos from same series. Great videos ! keep it up ... 👍
The next video in the series is available here:
th-cam.com/video/G7GyWjJtjNs/w-d-xo.html
Otherwise, another project has come up that has to take priority over these videos. Regretably, the videos on Routers and Routing will have to be pushed back a few weeks.
Creating these videos takes significant time to design, record, and edit. I wouldn't want to rush the process at the possible cost of quality.
For what it's worth, the series is loosely based on an article series I wrote some years back. If you need the info sooner, a lot of it is available here:
www.practicalnetworking.net/series/packet-traveling/packet-traveling/
Very clear explanation you got a new subscriber and follower ❤.
Thanks for the effort. Its great content.
Thanks for this video. It is very helpful. I don't have an IT or Network background, but it helps me to learn about networking fundamentals.
Awesome! That was the purpose of this series. Glad you enjoyed it =)
Thank you for your work !
A very succinct explanation of a complicated concept with great illustration. Deeply appreciate the effort taken.
Thank you for the kind words =). Hope you enjoy the rest of the videos in the series as well!
@@PracticalNetworking yes. I completed. I am not from a networking background and it was a great value addition for me. Your channel has been a Holy grail for me regarding networking. Many Thanks.
@@jaikishank I'm happy to hear my content has helped you in your journey. =).
Could you do me a favor? Do you mind sharing this video on Linked In, Reddit, Twitter, Facebook, or any other social media you use / or amongst your peers? As an independent creator, that would be an _enormous_ help, and I would appreciate it _greatly_ .
As usual outstanding explanation and wonderful teaching method...
Glad you enjoyed it, Ahsan.
Great video! thanks to share
Hey Practical Networking.. I just wanna let you know, that lately I've been trying to learn about networking to help better understand a career I want to go in. I am so thankful that you are here to help us learn about this. I am understanding practically everything (with research here and there) easily and I'm becoming more comfortable pursuing this kind of career. This is as far as I am now, and I want to say thank you again for providing us with this information and illustration. I have a lot of patience, and I have been doing the same job for almost 13 years now with fast food and I've always been interested in computers and technology since I was a kid, even automotive which may have some common deployment since cars are becoming more and more electronic. This seems like a fascinating field and I will keep pursuing it.
Hi Onyx, thank you for taking the time to write out this comment. I am _thrilled_ that you are considering Networking as a career and I am honored that my videos have helped you in that journey. It is a very rewarding career with lots of opportunities, and I wish you all the best in finding them. Cheers, Onyx, and good luck!
@@PracticalNetworking You're welcome sire and thank ya!
You can absolutely do it! I used to work odd jobs, gas stations, grocery stores, etc. having no education. Then I became unemployed and was on welfare for a while. That was the point when I decided to do something different, and I started pursuing the IT carreer. I now work as an IT consultant, working very comfortably from home most of the time, earning a decent wage. If I could do that, I think anyone could.
Absolutely awsome sir,
amazing clarity!
Thank you, Juan =)
Amazing channel , thank you for this free course , does the access-point works the same way as the switch ?
ur a good teacher, thank you
Great video!
Man, these videos are great!
Glad you're enjoying them =)
I like how the difference between talking thru the Switch vs speaking to the Switch to manage the LAN with SSH wss explained.
Glad you liked that part. It's a common place students get tripped up on so I wanted to call it out specifically. =)
excellent narration
Absolutely brilliant
Thank you, mary.
Best of the best explanation
Thank you, Santhosh =).
Great job
excellent explanation
Thank you very much
Thank you very much...
Very very good!
If you are not able to explain it to a six-year-old child, it means you don't understand it enough.
YOU ARE THE MASTER OF YOUR CRAFT
You could teach IT Network to a snail. For sure.
:) Thank you for the kind comment. Cheers, Natasha.
Very good video.
Good explanation thank you
You are welcome
You deserve an oscar award!! 👏 you
Very good material
Thanks, Rafal
First of all I would like to thank you for posting such a great playlist on youtube for free. You are an amazing person.
I got a question relating to this video. At 2:06 you mentioned that we can get rid of IPs on this layer. Let say, I'm going to ping computer 1 from computer 2 and are both in the same network connected via a switch. How can I ping computer 2 then If there's no IP? we can't ping a device using its MAC Address.
You're very welcome, I'm thrilled you've enjoyed.
Here when I said we can "get rid of anything IP related", I meant only in the illustration. In the background, however, IP is still required for communication.
Remember in this video I was trying to remove all extra variables so we could focus purely on switches and what switches use to make forwarding decisions.
@PracticalNetworking I understand. Thank you for clarification.
Thank you!
Perfect explanation with visuals. Thank you so much for investment of time on this.
One question here is acknowledgment of data received to a sender is happens automatically ?
Thank you!
Acknowledgement of Data only occurs in TCP at L4. So it's "external" to everything in this series.
@@PracticalNetworking okey thank you again
Thanks for this good video
You're welcome =)
Perfect for newbie.
Thank you, Allan =)
Well done, sir 👏
Thank you for supporting the channel =) I'm thrilled that you enjoy this lesson !
one word to describe presentation and content: AWESOME! - subd channel for learning more - got here from David's B. channel🎓
Hi Kalo! Welcome to the channel. Glad to have you here =)
PERFECT!!!
Very clear, thorough explanation, immensely useful for beginners!
Thank you. I'm glad you think so =)
@@PracticalNetworking well, just stating what's self evident. Thank you for your effort!
Thank you is just enough 🙏🙏🙏🙏
@@PracticalNetworking i am sorry .. I was about to put "Thank you is just not enough" .. typo 🙏 .. anyways .. continuing your lectures with full enthusiasm..
@@antonyrichard369 Glad to hear, Antony. I'm available for questions if needed =).
Blimey its getting complicated, thankyou
One step at a time, you'll get there =)
Unbelievable series!!! Amazing job. Where can I purchase the entire course?
More details here... still waiting to create entire course:
www.practicalnetworking.net/index/networking-fundamentals-how-data-moves-through-the-internet/
thank you, let's boost the algorithm!
Awesome videos :)
Thank you!
Thank you ❤️
You're welcome!
Thank you
You're welcome, Fred.
Thanks!
Hi JR! Thanks for supporting the channel. Much appreciated, hope you got a lot out of this series.
whoever wrote the boring books on networking must not have a life at all.this explaisn WAAAAAYYYYY better then the books.
Thanks
Great explanation!!!
I just had a question. If switch knows about port 5 and port 8 and a frame is intended from port 8 to port 6 then will the switch flood the packet and send a copy of it to port 5 also? As it have entry of port 5 in mac table and knows its not the destination for the frame.
Great question. YES, the flooded frame will also go out port 5. The reason? Outside port 5 could be a host directly (as pictured) _or_ outside Port 5 could be another Switch, upon which Host 5 is residing.
It will make more sense in the next lesson when I show you how it works with multiple switches: th-cam.com/video/G7GyWjJtjNs/w-d-xo.html
bro is goated
Thank you for your videos, they are a great resource.
In this video we assumed Host A knows the MAC address of Host D. What if it didn’t? Is it possible for the switch to ‘Learn, Flood and Forward’ during the process when the ARP request/response is made?
Great question =). I answer it in the next video in the series =)
@@PracticalNetworking Thank you. I got the answer in the next video. 😊
Excellent! Glad you are enjoying this series =)
Thank you very much for these videos, which are more than wonderful.
I have a question about the switch.
does the MAC Address table start populating after the first broadcast, for instance, assuming an ARB request sent for the firs ttime from the computer A?
If yes, then why the switch is not start learning from the first broadcast of computer A.
Thanks again for this awesome contents.
Glad you enjoyed then. Yes, the MAC address tables starts populating from the first _anything_ that is received on the Switchport. In the example I used Unicast to keep it simple to teach Switching. But the final video in the Networking Series will outline what you are describing. Cheers =)
@@PracticalNetworking
thank you for replying.
Yes, I made it to the last video and noticed that.
@@mohanadmohamed5501 Excellent. Hope you enjoyed the series!
If you did, please consider sharing it among your peers =). THank you.
One question, wouldn't the flooding be done as part of the ARP process? I.e if A already knows Ds mac address, it must have learned it via an ARP broadcast, in which case the frame would have been flooded out of all ports except the one it was received on.
So wouldn't the switch take that opportunity to build its mac address mapping for A and D so it doesn't have to redundantly flood the network at a later time? Is this example a scenario in which the switchs' port mapping table was lost/reset after an earlier ARP broadcast? I'm new to networking so I'm not sure of all the scenarios in which a switch will flood the LAN. Thank you!
Correct. I talk through that in the next video in the series =).
For this one, I wanted to start from the position of Host A already knowing Host D's to keep the Switch illustration as simple as possible.
@@PracticalNetworking thank you again, as some one new to networking your content is great
Glad you've liked it =).
If it isn't too much trouble, you probably know others that could benefit from understanding networking. Shares are greatly appreciated =)
@PracticalNetworking, I have one doubt If you please clarify, A sent frame to D, which means that A has L2 information, having L2 information basically means that ARP has been already done. So in the process of ARP switch did Learn the MAC of A and D. So which basically implies that switch table does have information of A and D mac address. Which basically means flooding never occurs. Am I missing something? Please tell me
Around 2:20 in the video I explain we are skipping the arp process for the example to focus on only how the switch works.
There's an example in lesson 7 of the series which includes both arp and switch learning together.
Great video as always.. I'm new to IT.. Doesn't a switch: Forward, Flood & Filter? On the video it says only first two @ 3:54.. THNX! Enjoying the series!!
There are different schools of thoughts. Some say the four switch actions are Learn/Foward/Filter/Flood... and even then, there are different opinions on what "filter" means.
When I first wrote about switches, I included Filtering:
www.practicalnetworking.net/series/packet-traveling/host-to-host-through-a-switch/
But for this video, I chose to leave it out since (to some degree) it's assumed when "flooding" that this includes not out the port it came in on.
@@PracticalNetworking Thnx for that! And to confirm ;-) filtering is also dropping packets that don't have a matching IP address/ network? I enjoyed the whole series!! Thnx for all the work. I've been sharing links on LinkedIn Cheers
@@ramdogproductions Not in the "Switches" context. Switches are L2, they don't look at IP address information in packets. "Filtering" in the Switch context means not sending frames out the port they came in on.
Filtering, in the sense of "Packet Filtering" *does* imply dropping packets that don't match specific IP addresses/networks -- but you don't topically see these on Switches. More details on ACLs here: th-cam.com/video/0gGhuYOh-54/w-d-xo.html
@@PracticalNetworking So cool!! Appreciate the break down. Yes, jumping into more ACL learning now. Excited to watch the link. Cheers!!
Doubt: But why simple connecting the cable the Nic delivers the Mac Address or turning the host on? Or in the flooding other ports teach their appropriate Mac address?
The MAC address is part of the NIC itself. The Switch is learning what MAC address(es) exist on the _other_ side of the cable.
Hey mate, is it possible you make a video how to make a DMZ with two Fritz boxes or any other routers? Thanks in advance!
DMZ? Yes!
Fritz boxes? Probably not, that is a bit too specific for what I have in mind for this series.
Cheers!
Aren't the ARP request for the MAC address of Host D supposed to do that 'Learn' & 'Flood' part of the Switch? I know the demo is based on already knowing the MAC of Host D, but I'm curious about when it didn't.
Yes. Normally, the host's ARP resolution would be used for the switches' LEARN process.
For this demo I wanted to reduce variables so I left out ARP for the sake of creating an easier learning series =)
Hi could you please help me about the address field of HDLC frame? one router sends an HDLC frame, the frame can go only one place: to the other end of the link. So, while HDLC has an address field so what's kind of address it uses and L2 like MAC address or L3 like lP address.
In switch task, I might have missed what you said but in the slide there should be another task is blocking.
You might be referring to "Filtering" action of a Switch. Which simply states that a switch will never forward a frame out the interface it received it. I discuss that in the article series this video series is based on:
www.practicalnetworking.net/series/packet-traveling/host-to-host-through-a-switch/
I chose not to explicitly address it here as I wanted to keep the video as simple as possible.
So what if a destination host changes ports on a switch? The data gets sent to a ghost mac address via the old port. Would the switch get notice that it needs to update its ARP cache?
Are switches built in these days to routers? I am trying to understand why we would need switches if a router (a TP link device for example) can implement this function within it.
Yes. A "switch" is a device who's primary purpose is "Switching". And "Switching" can be done by many difference divices.
Your home wifi router does both "Routing" and "Switching" (as the described in the respective videos)