mind tho, these videos need hours or research, hours of editing, hours of planning, a lot of hours really. It’s impressive that he’s posting like every week
Me personally holding a degree of Masters in Physics, still this guy, with every video, brings out the attention to something which seemed to me very trivial in the first go but never gave a second thought, and blows my mind every single time. I don't know how Derek does it. Best youtube channel I've ever subscribed to.
Same here. I have a master's in physics as well and have thought many times that Derek would have been great at physics. He asks good questions and has the patience and ability to think through them logically.
@Science Revolution no the stars we see (with our naked eyes) are within the Milky Way galaxy and thus at most 100 k L.Y. away. The rest of your incomprehensive rambling I let somebody else to comment.
We’d each be playing the role of a wave!!🌊 🌊 I love the idea that as our brains create expansion, all the stars and galaxies ultimately hit our halo!!!😇 🌌 Like a reflection in a mirror, they’ll reflect back and act like a single star collapsing in onto itself!! Going supernova!! 🤯 🎇 As they collapse, it then turns into a neutron star!! 🫐 The funny part tied to this story is the tale of Tyrannosaurus Rex having a pea brain!! A pale blue dot!! 🌍 🦖 🐾 Never judge a book by its cover!! 📚 🧑⚖️ This pale blue dot has krystalized into a diamond!💎 It’s powered by a magnetar energy field 🧲 , revealing the full spectrum!! The rainbow connection!! 🌈 Revealing the truth!! Setting us free!! Lucy becomes Maisie!! 🐒 👽 Eventually evolving more!!! 🧊 🦕 🧊 🦣 Transforming into a population infinity star!! Where everyone is welcome!! Heaven On Earth!! 👼 Pluto!!! Dog planet!! Planet 9!! Super Earth!! Woof!! Woof!!🐶 🎾 🐾 Field Of Dreams!!! 🏟️ A castle in the sky!!🏰 “If we build it, they will come!!” 👻 🍆👻🍆👻🍆👻🍆👻🍆👻🍆👻🍆👻 They, as in our goddesses!! Our queens!!👸 🐝 Our pussy cats!!🧶🐈⬛ Purrthquakes instead of Earthquakes!! 😻 A deer getting lost in the head lights!! 🏔️ 🏔️ 🦌 Hooters!! 🦉
Derek really deserves Recognition for not being afraid to experiment in the Format of his Videos, he rather tries new things and tweaks his presentation with every project, not to mention the immense effort put into each video, it really shows!
In the difficult time of Corona, I am glad Derek provides us with videos more frequently. Life has become stagnant for me, and I feel like i'm getting dumber since there's so less to do and learn from during this time. These videos are a breath of relief for me and I really appreciate it. Thanks, Derek.
@Science Revolution You know, there are answers to all those questions. But because you started your comment demeaning and insulting all other people and scientists, it tells me you are not really even interested about the answers and you are not willing to learn from them. Therefore I can't bother to explain those things to you. For everyone's sake, just leave the internet for a moment and read a book, or something.
As an addition to explain the difference in observation, to greatly simplify. The redshift in light kind of works the same for sounds. When you hear the siren of an ambulance it sounds different when the ambulance is driving towards then when the ambulance is drives away from you. thats why you know it is moving towards you or away even if you don't see it. But the sound the ambulance makes is always the same, just perceived different
NO . Incorrect. Unlike Light which is itself a thing that's why passes through empty space as a particle it can where as sound is just a disturbance in a medium like air in siren case for ambulance. Example: it's the difference like between the impact/effect/force office standing man pushing something to that of him hitting it with speed. Sound is (mechanical) produced by physical forces in air to be simple but not light it is it's on particle with fixed speed.
If this was true then your practically saying the expansion of the universe started from some point and has and end point meaning the start point of the siren when you first hear it and the end as the ambulance gets further away the sound ends and can no longer hear it.....Scientifically they haven't yet proven when/where a start of something like the universe but only know it has to existed or we wouldn't be here...what's actually astounding me in saying that is there maybe be a end to our expanding universe for example a balloon when you blow it up it expands until eventually it pops not saying the universe is round just saying that's how expansion actually physically works .
He is one of the GOATS if not the GOAT. However, there is one more equation which describes as much of the universe, if not more and that is Schrodinger's equation.
@@GRAITOM Well, . . . if you concentrate, intently and without choice of self, upon being able to travel within your physical existence at the subatomic level, then maybe you just might be able to 'feel' an emotion. But, . . . you'd have to be able to concentrate first.
Well, kinda like when you jump, you're not being pulled back down by the earth directly, per se, your mass is just interacting with the earth's mass and you're sliding down the curved spacetime back to rest xD the earth is just much more massive so you think you're being pulled back down, but really, both masses are pulling on each other! Just the earth has a lot more mass to pull with xD
@@FractalNinja Yeah I get it conceptually, but intuitively "You are always currently accelerating up" seems like it cannot be true. It's one of those weird facts that is just a mind bender. I love it!
GDI Bass I'm not sure how "up" could be the correct term considering there is no "direction" in space. The earth isn't pushing you "up", you are just along for the ride essentially.
Up is a relative term, so the absolute definition of it (especially when talking about an intuitive interpretation of a concept) isn't particularly relevant.
@@FractalNinja I think you should watch veritasium's video on gravity! He explains how gravity isn't actually a force there and when you're free-falling, the earth is basically crashing into you. Just like in this video, the free-falling oberserver was the same as the astronauts stationary in the universe looking at the rocket-ship - because they are essentially the same
No other content creator has the ability this guy has to be able to explain concepts to 14 year old me and then 6 years later help me understand another concept the day before a final year Undergrad Physics exam...different level
@@beetlesstrengthandpower1890He said "wish", not "going to", because that means working on it, rather than just passively consuming media and forgetting about it the next day.
That's what Thanos must have done to murder people. Disabling the electromagnetic force in certain places (intelligent creature's bodies) while simultaneously accelerating the expansion of space in those places.
What is happening is more space is being created. Now could this new space creation get to a point where it could eventually overcome all the forces holding things together? Maybe. The Big Rip theory suggests that the expansion could continue that far. But its too soon to say if that will happen. Dark energy grows over time? I think so but is it infinite or finite? If finite will the acceleration lessen and stop? Before the universe smears out into homegeniaty? I doubt I'll be around that long to find out. 😎😆
I did too and then I thought I found the answer in a Philip K. Dick story where a man time travels (sort of) and the people from like15,000 years ago are tiny since he would be more expanded. They think he is god and it turns out he gives them the 10 commandment or something. But now I'm mad because I told other people we expand since I thought it was true because of that story I feel so lied to or something
Surely the laws of nature must apply to everything. That must mean that we are proof of the truth. Yes, aliens do exist and no, the universe is not expanding.
I swear the title changed from "are you expanding with the universe" to " what actually expands in an expansing universe" and i think the thumbnail changed too. It's refreshing watching old veritasium videos. This video is actually one of my favorite veritasium's video, i think i watched this video at least 6 times
What the devil is a"an expansing universe"? apart from imaginary and making an abortion of English?why not a wombating or making an abortion of English universe, but not to worry it is kinderlander a dialect of English or form of pidgin.
what the hell! this man is making quality videos on almost weekly basis now. these videos are much better than documentaries on these topics! Keep up the great work!!
Joke time: A man appears in the court for breaking traffic signal. The man argues that the red traffic light appeared green to him due to Doppler effect. The judge accepts his argument, cancels the charge of jumping traffic signal and instead fines him for crossing speed limit.
I hope you're not cynical. This is completely new to me and not explained in any other video I've seen (please share video here if i'm wrong. Anyway, this is explained heme amazingly and anything I can from a physics video. Very professional stuff Derek!
Wym the video was well made and this my first time seeing red shift explained like this. Don’t be thinking you are the only subscriber this guy makes vids for. 🤣
i have a concern with this understanding of red shift. we have all learnt in early childhood, that each point in ray of light act as point source and send light everywhere. so the energy fo light keeps on decreasing as the light move forward as some of it is lost to create other light. isn't this the reason for red shift of light as red light contains less energy then other visible light.
you are blind to TIME. some good questions; how long is it now or how long is it now? Is time continuous? What is the shortest time that can be measured? To help with the answers consider the Planck constant
11:23 "Why's it red?" You're in a non-inertial frame of reference kid, where the earth's gravitational field is dominating your local space-time curvature. The camera is also recording.
The Earth's gravitational field is negligible to the red-shifting. It is red, because the source moves away from the observer, and as a result of the Doppler effect, it decreases in frequency.
@@carultch I also watched the video. I was inferring that she hadn't, and she wanted the answer to cosmological redshift (-There I clarified the comment). Please understand that this is a joke.
I have a question: Why would light wavelengths look redder (lower frequency) if time slows down the faster you go? In the rocket thought experiment, those in the rocket with their time slowed down, should perceive the light as a shorter wavelength.
I want tô thank all of you that work on this channel for explaining that question. The first time I heard about the expansion of the universe I wondered about us being expanded as well. I could't find the explanation for this anywhere until I seen this video. That question literally gave me insomnia in the day I thought about It, now I can sleep 😅
Veritasium keeps making videos on questions I've wanted answers to but haven't had time to look deeply enough, great job! My suggestions for future topics: What are the cosmic requirements for life; What's the window for life in universes life span? Something about amino acids in space vs on earth vs theoretically possible ones... How would life appear to us/our equipment if we were to approach such planet at near lightspeed, could we theoretically see a timelapse of their history as we approach? How feasible would it be to build a forward "time capsule" on earth's orbit, a vessel that goes around earth at high % of speed of light and hosts a person? ...What's the opposite of lightspeed, i.e can something be truly static? Is difference between universe and not universe whether something "can be static"? Ok, I might've gotten carried away, but there's some good topics in there!
@@enderman5423 Yeah, I guess that's true. Maybe something like a long orbiting structure with passenger on one end and a counterweight at the other, putting the rotation pivot at the centre. Then just spin that really fast. My pic is a wooden owl statue.
Beware. Easy answers to hard questions are almost invariably wrong. There is misinformation in this video, and others of his. But most of the viewers can't tell the difference, they seem to uncritically assume that he's correct.
Always, Derek always finds a relatable way of explaining things, and always takes an interesting topic, people like u r the real ppl quenching our curiosity
This example helped me : You can tell the difference of sound made by a car moving towards you or getting away ; while the driver of the car hears the same pitch . If everyone tries to measure the wavelength ; It would be different . I still have a little problem relating this to universe level . ..but ...
Thanks. Great example, don’t know why I didn’t think of it like that. Really helps me imagine what’s happening. Omg.... just realised this also helps me understand spacetime better as well! & how different observers can experience time differently. Many thanks! 🤯
@Science Revolution 1. Yes it's a star we can see. No, it doesn't have strong enough gravity; it's not dense enough yet. 2. Scientists don't, duh. The most recent picture of a black hole has a massive black spot in the middle. There's a reason for that. The light that we see is from the accretion disk, where space is moving with the black hole and objects are crashing into each other. Some light escapes from there. Also, the mechanism is explained with general relativity. Evidently you don't know what a black hole is. Gravity doesn't "decelerate the light speed;" it curves spacetime. _Time_ is included. The event horizon actually makes it so the light's possible futures all end up within the black hole. We don't know exactly what happens after that, though. 3. The curvature of spacetime is brought about by a big enough mass. We talk about "gravity," but we actually mean curved spacetime. In some models of physics, such as Newtonian mechanics, gravity is a force pushing things down, and that works as a good enough approximation for most uses. If you really want to complain about science, complain about string theory or something.
Actually I also only knew that it was doppler everywhere.... Then at the beginning I'm like is the knowledge i process wrong? Then later I'm like no i was not 😂
I appreciate you, dearly. I've recently been going through old videos of people like Feynman and Sagan. They existed at a time when video technology was still...amorphous. We only have so much video of them, and they died so long ago. I know they would be proud of creators and educators like you who are carrying on their work. Thank you.
Don't worry guys, I love you guys too. I'm just not retarded... but believe whatever the hell you wanna believe in. This is kinda fun though not gonna lie. But I'd rather not just pretend my whole life to keep everyone else happy... I'm sure we're all mad at God but come on. It's not his fault if no one listens to him... Just live honestly and don't pretend like you're anything else. I've got geniune anxiety about people watching me overtime. It's weird and now that paranoia might be a reality... just please keep pretending like I'm not as embarrassing as everyone else... God dammit.
I love the direction this channel is moving in. I've not seen any channel as big as Veritasium trying to explain these interesting theories about relativity and space, especially in such an understandable manner. Nice work man
7:28 I never quite understand this part. If the motion of earth is well-defined relatively to the cosmic background radiation, then does it mean that the universe has a preferred reference frame in terms of velocity? I understand that the law of physics is invariant under boost (of reference frame), but does the (initial) state of the universe have a special frame where net momentum is zero?... and that determines the doppler shift of CMB?
This is an excellent question. We often say there is no preferred reference frame of the universe, even though the CMB seems to provide an excellent counter-point to that. The CMB is the furthest "object" that we can see back in time, and we can measure its Doppler shift via a special relativistic effect called beaming. Since we are moving at 600 km/s through space relative to the CMB, we see portion moving towards us as being blueshifted and beamed to a higher brightness, while the portion moving away from us is redshifted and similarly is dimmer. Based on the amount of beaming we see, we are able to determine our relative motion (to within some uncertainty of a few 10s of km/s). Because of this, it is somewhat fair to say that the observable universe does have a preferred reference frame in terms of velocity, however the universe itself still does not, as we still cannot define the CMB's relative motion to objects outside of the observable universe. Additionally, this preferred reference frame would be different depending on where in the universe you are, as our preferred reference frame (the observed CMB) would be much different than what someone at the other end of the universe 15 Gpc away would see as their microwave background radiation. The initial state of the universe did not have a special frame where the net momentum was zero. The universe was expanding back then just as it is now (even more so during the period of inflation), and as a result no such reference frame could exist as far as I know.
OMG ALL THESE UPLOADS! and of such quality! You’re on fire! Thanks for the awesome content, keep up the great work. Can’t get over how interesting all the topics you cover on this channel
Someone needs to build a really good special relativity simulator to show the visceral look and feel of these spacetime transformations. I want to see how a ship's appearance would change as it passes by at semi-luminal speeds. I want to see how the colors would shift, lengths would contract, and time would slow down from each observer's perspective. Could you get on that?
I laughed at 5:35 I'm imagining a hospitalised student visited by his friend after sustaining various injuries from his free fall and the friend asks him "What colour was the photon?" to which he responds "Piss off, mate!".
It's a consequence of your expansion being coupled to the earth, and the Earth therefore being the mechanism of expansion. Expansion radially from the centre is ruled linearly by 'r', but expansion perpendicular to that is ruled by the surface area of the Earth, which is in a square relationship to 'r'. Hence we expand proportionately quicker in the pseduo-plane parallel to the surface of the Earth. (Disclaimer: this is a joke. Feel free to pretend to take it seriously and continue the joke, but the logic is deliberately utterly wrong.)
This is easily one of the greatest channels on TH-cam! Eternal thanks for all this amazing educational material. Its above and beyond anything I expected.
When i first learned about expansion of the universe I actually had the same question in my mind. I can't believe veritasium actually made a video about it!
"that tells you it's recording" "that's where you push the button again" are you training your kids to become your camera crew or what? still pretty cute though
I read "A Brief History of Time" over the past two weeks, and the last several videos have been such an amazing compliment to it. They add so much detail, metaphor, and visual aid to the ideas Hawking was discussing. It would be cool to see a video about how all these redshifts, and space time curvatures effect time, and how the speed of light demands there being no absolute time.
An intuitive way to think about redshift: A photon is a wave, meaning it has peaks and valleys. If you move in the same direction as a photon, you measure more distance (or time) between each peak and valley, so the wavelength looks longer.
Yes, I was thinking of this too. However, I've also heard that light moves at the same speed relative to the observer, regardless of the speed of the observer. Not sure if that's true ... but if it is, it makes it a bit confusing.
@ Ingmar Verweij I don't know if that is exactly the case because we are not relativistic creatures. We don't move at the speeds of a photon. Nor do our measuring instruments. They detect photons because they intercept them, the photon is stopped by matter, whether our retinas, photoreceptors, heavy clouds full of vapor. The photon is STOPPED. We cannot see a photon. If we turn on a flashlight we don't see the beam leave the bulb, we only see it reflect off the wall or someone else or dust or vapor in the air. What I really want to point out though is that moving in the same direction as a photon has no effect on the distance or time between the peaks or valleys of the photon, simply the time and distance WE cover. Any photons that WE emit do not get red or blue shifted from our relative position to that photon, but other observers have a different frame of reference so can detect redshifts or blueshifts. When you're riding on a wave of light you can't tell that you are riding on a wave of light.
Paul Walsh I don't know what you're getting at. For my, albeit simplified, intuitive way to think about it, there was no need for motion at the speed of light. Besides, you can see a photon, it's kinda what we do every day. The idea was that you are moving in the same direction (as stated above) in the same line as the photon. Also, photons don't stop, they get absorbed. Also WHY are you putting RANDOM WORDS in caps lock?
Tony Mathew Yeah, you're correct. I know that light moved at the same speed, however the analogy still holds up: when a light wave is emitted it's done like this. It emmits a peak, then a valley, etc. If it moved towards you, the distance between each peak and valley is shorter. The opposite is true when it moves away from you. So it still moves at the speed of light, but there's a difference between peak and valley. Edit: I know it's not perfect, but it still helps if you're trying to wrap your mind around it.
@@INGIE32 First of all it's not random words that are in caps, they are words that I wanted to emphasize for clarity. Maybe you should re-read my comment with that in mind and maybe will understand it better. I prefer how you pointed out (accurately) that photons are ABSORBED rather than STOPPED. My point was that you can't tell if you are on a peak or a trough if you were on a light wave. You wouldn't be able to tell that the light wave "that you are on" is being redshifted because you are in the same frame of reference as the light and light travels at the speed of light in a vacuum. The only way to detect redshift or blueshift is by observing the light from another source whether emitted or reflected based on it's relative motion.
This is sooooooo amazinggggggggg I feel so blessed to have been born in this Era, where I can learn about such extraordinary findings made by humans; right in the palm of my hand!!! Thankyou veritasium!
@@bitterlemonboy nonsense? What? You must like to watch nonsense vlogs doing nonsense. Pranks and sh*t. This is science. If you dont like it. Get out or throw your phone away. Because its a product of science.
This relativity mini series has been absolutely insane! I thought I had a decent understanding of relativity but these videos have been so great at deepening my intuitions on the subject. Keep making incredible videos like this and I for one will definitely keep watching!
That's what I don't get though. If red shifting happens along any given distance then it should also happen at subatomic distances which would prove that universe is expanding at any scale, but by such a small amount it isn't noticeable on small distances.
@@gabrielrej834 We really should just call dark energy “anti-gravity”. It’s a repulsive force or pseudo-force that dominates anywhere the other forces do not. In the presence of dense matter, gravity is sufficient to nullify expansion, and gravity is far weaker than electromagnetism. On large enough scales, matter is diffuse, so dark energy rules. The anti-gravity effect is present at small scales, but gravity and electromagnetism counter it locally.
@@ryantwombly720 Anti-gravity insinuates a force that straightens spacetime, whereas dark energy pushes things through it. It also insinuates that we, without gravity, would expand like a balloon (the opposite of gravity which pulls things together), but in reality we expand like a dot drawn on the surface of a balloon. We don't expand away from our centers, but rather the center of the universe. Lastly, dark energy is, at the moment, a hidden variable. The universe is expanding faster than we calculated is possible, the amount by which we call dark energy. Calling it anti-gravity insinuates that we have a working model with a named force, but at the moment, it's just energy we add to our equations to make them are accurate, hence dark (unknown) energy.
@@ryantwombly720 -- It's not like anti-gravity in a couple of important ways: 1) Its strength has nothing to do with the amount of matter present in a given region. A cubic meter of space will expand to 8 cubic meters in the same amount of time, regardless of how much matter is present in it. 2) Its strength is directly proportional to the distance between two point-like objects, rather than _inversely_ proportional to the _squared_ distance between them.
Hmmm is it possible the universe is expanding due to moving through a 4th dimension ? Imagine having a cup of water, where manipulating the cup changes the form of the contents. Now instead of forces acting on the cup, our universe is changing shape as we move through different slices of the “4d cup” in 3D space. Are there any rules that the universe has to expand? Can it ever contract or not change for periods of time ?
I suppose if the universe is actually set against a 4D surface and had some sort of weight pushing on it, i.e. it was sandwiched between two hyperplanes, that could cause it to expand. Seems farfetched tho
The universe is expanding due to its observers because , the universe didnt create the observers, in fact observers created the universe a, the universe can only exist when thers something observing it so this proves all the scientifiq theories wrong like universe expansion , big bang and dark energy its about time u ppl realize how stoopid u've been or show me how the universe created the observers bet u cant explain me that 😂
Derek can you help me understand a thought experiment I've had. If you look through a telescope at a planet very far away and can see the surface. Let's assume there is life on the planet and this telescope is powerful enough to see down to the street level so you can see people living their lives. Now this planet is 1000 light years away so you see the people as they were a 1000 years ago. Ok so far so good Now, suppose you take the telescope on a rocket and keep looking at the planet as you travel towards the planet at some very fast speed. Let's assume 0.5c. What I can't understand is this... Do the people as viewed through the telescope appear to move more quickly? I've had this thought experiment in my head for over 15 years and can't figure out what would happen. My instincts say the people should appear to move more quickly as you travel towards them but then this breaks the idea of relativity and light being the same speed no matter where you measure it. But then, if they move at the same speed as you travel towards them at some point you would reach the planet but through the telescope would still appear older and that's not true either. Maybe an idea for a video in the future?
They should appear to move more quickly, I don't think this violates relativity. I think this is the same as when you hypothetically orbit around the Earth at ludicrous speeds and come back a year later -- only to find that the year on Earth is far far in the future while you have aged only one year
What do you mean by saying that it will break relativity ? The light would still move at the same speed, its just that you would be moving into it, which means that your eyes will receive more of it.
I wouldn’t say it violates relativity. The light coming towards you doesn’t move any faster, but you see more of it. They’d appear brighter and faster.
This is like the opposite of that Einstein thought experiment where if you were to move away from a clock at an ever increasing speed, as you approached the speed of light the clock would appear to slow down and at the speed of light it would appear stop moving. www.emc2-explained.info/The-Light-Clock/
Hi, Derek - three quick things: 1) RIP beard. 2) I thought you might touch on the personal clocks of the astronauts slowing down as they accelerated and how that relates to the red shift. 3) If the expansion of the universe doesn't affect us on this scale, what are cosmologists talking about when they say the Big Rip will tear the universe apart at the subatomic level? I'm confused.
I think he didnt explain that very well. The expansion of the universe does affect us. Everywhere in the entirety of the universe dark energy is created and pulls everything apart with an extremely small force. Its just that the forces that hold your body together are much stronger. The Big Rip happens if this expansion creates a stronger force than the bonds between particles.
I am confused with the speed of light in relation to the clock question, if speed is distance/time and an object (a photon)traveling at lightspeed has no time ,how do you know the speed if you cant measure the time?
We know that light sources moving to/away from us can cause doppler shift in the wavelength of the light they produce, but does a moving observer also perceive a doppler shift because of his own movement? I mean if a star's light is shifted to a wavelength λ because of the star speed, if it doesn't get shifted further during travel (ie ignoring cosmic expansion red-shift for now) then we would assume it would arrive at the observer with wavelength λ. But if the observer is also moving with considerable speed relative to that light source, then would he detect additional red/blue shift on the moving detector? I was thinking about the setup of the experiment at 7:56, for a single photon the only way to observe it and pass it further is to absorb it, measuring its properties and generate new photon with the same properties. Is such case every observer on the chain would be new light-source, which we know can shift additionally the wavelength because of its relative speed. But if you consider a beam of light, and after all stars are radiating light in all directions, ie given beam of light would spread wider as it travels further, which means that a detector can be setup to intercept only a small fraction of it, while the rest of the beam is left untouched by measurement, and doesn't need to be re-emitted. So at every observer in the chain we can take a small sample of light to measure the light properties (assuming they're mostly homogeneous with the rest of the light in that beam), and let the rest of the beam travel with its wavelength untouched since its original light-source. I assume when the last observer takes a sample and compares with the light that was re-emitted by every other observer on the chain, its wavelength should be the same. And I assume the only factors for a doppler shift of a wavelength are both speeds of the light-source and of the observer. Expansion of the spacetime just affects these speeds. So the actual red-blue shift only happen on emission and on detection of photons, right? I mean that if I'm observer on a planet moving away from the star I'm observing because of the Cosmic expansion I'll detect a red-shift. But if I'm moving at a speed that allows me to keep the same distance with the observed star (ie relative speed to the star is 0) I wouldn't detect a red-shift at all (no matter if you consider the light red-shifted at the star, and then blue-shifted the exact same amount on detection because of my speed) Is that right?
But in cosmological redshift, the energy is lost due to expansion of universe and it is not conserved (because time translation invariance cannot be applied in expanding space time ) in other two gravitational and doppler redshift this is not the case. Can you explain this…???
To me, this was very straight forward, the space in the universe is expanding, not the universe as a roll. Molecules that are together due to some y force will not separate, the space appearing(expanding) between them will just disperse away as more space apear and the y force keep them together.
@@katiebarber407 it is literally beyond our perception. After all, the maximum distance which we can view is determined by the speed of light, and the universe is expanding faster than the supposed cosmic speed limit. Anything beyond the distance at which the first photons in the universe could have travelled in the 12-13 billion years since they were first emitted is as unobservable to us as the inside of a black hole.
@@Jackapher Wow, you really took this as an insult, didn't you? Sorry about that, wasn't trying to insult you or anything, it was just a friendly interjection because I found the mental image of Doom guy lecturing others about cultural references kinda funny.
@@Jackapher Thank you. You just confirmed that you're nothing but a troll who shouldn't be taken seriously. Have a happy, quiet life in the dustbin of irrelevancy, troll.
Question: @4:50 he explains that the observers in the ship see the photon as red shifted due to them moving away from the source when the light was emitted. But why would they be analogous to the observer at Harvard if the observer at the top of the Harvard experiment is stationary relative to the source when the light was emitted?
I'm not entirely convinced that dark energy or dark matter really exist. Granted, this may mean that our theories are wrong -- but it won't be the first time that observation proved our theories wrong!
@@alpheusmadsen8485 You're not the only one, i am with you on this one. Some scientists are waiting to discover it under 1.5 km of Alpen rocks. It is now years that they have spent bellow the surface in a tunnel and nothing. So Connor Mannebrach can see his life could be worse.
Don't know if it's universe, but I expanded a LOT in this quarantine
nobody cares
@@lemau8458 why are you like this
Y E P cos he’s lonely and has to resort to toxicity to gain attention since he can’t get it naturally
@@TheDrumstickEmpire true
I expanded too
I had to take some acid though
I'm happy that Derek is now uploading frequently.
mind tho, these videos need hours or research, hours of editing, hours of planning, a lot of hours really. It’s impressive that he’s posting like every week
Its almost like a miracle
Im not less quality ... Quality over QUANTITY
Mee to
@Abhishek Thorat His name is Derek? Damn. Always thought his name was Veritasium.
Me personally holding a degree of Masters in Physics, still this guy, with every video, brings out the attention to something which seemed to me very trivial in the first go but never gave a second thought, and blows my mind every single time. I don't know how Derek does it. Best youtube channel I've ever subscribed to.
Mind me asking your future plans after the M.Sc.??
Same here. I have a master's in physics as well and have thought many times that Derek would have been great at physics. He asks good questions and has the patience and ability to think through them logically.
@@mrbonzzai Well, he has a PhD in physics education research
@Science Revolution no the stars we see (with our naked eyes) are within the Milky Way galaxy and thus at most 100 k L.Y. away. The rest of your incomprehensive rambling I let somebody else to comment.
@Science Revolution shut up you're a tree
"You might think there's only one type of redshift. But in fact, there's three. But actually, there's one."
We’d each be playing the role of a wave!!🌊 🌊
I love the idea that as our brains create expansion, all the stars and galaxies ultimately hit our halo!!!😇 🌌
Like a reflection in a mirror, they’ll reflect back and act like a single star collapsing in onto itself!! Going supernova!! 🤯 🎇
As they collapse, it then turns into a neutron star!! 🫐
The funny part tied to this story is the tale of Tyrannosaurus Rex having a pea brain!! A pale blue dot!! 🌍 🦖 🐾
Never judge a book by its cover!! 📚 🧑⚖️
This pale blue dot has krystalized into a diamond!💎 It’s powered by a magnetar energy field 🧲 , revealing the full spectrum!! The rainbow connection!! 🌈
Revealing the truth!! Setting us free!! Lucy becomes Maisie!! 🐒 👽
Eventually evolving more!!! 🧊 🦕 🧊 🦣 Transforming into a population infinity star!! Where everyone is welcome!! Heaven On Earth!! 👼 Pluto!!! Dog planet!! Planet 9!! Super Earth!! Woof!! Woof!!🐶 🎾 🐾
Field Of Dreams!!! 🏟️ A castle in the sky!!🏰
“If we build it, they will come!!” 👻 🍆👻🍆👻🍆👻🍆👻🍆👻🍆👻🍆👻
They, as in our goddesses!! Our queens!!👸 🐝 Our pussy cats!!🧶🐈⬛
Purrthquakes instead of Earthquakes!! 😻
A deer getting lost in the head lights!! 🏔️ 🏔️ 🦌 Hooters!! 🦉
Redshit
Consistent uploads with quality wow how's that even possible
A good team behind him
And prerecorded probably, definitely not complaining though :)
Scientists keep thinking and there are still things to discover
@@ajtan06 prerecorded?😂 To what? Xd
Sweet, sweet sponsorship income = more financial resources = more better content.
Derek really deserves Recognition for not being afraid to experiment in the Format of his Videos, he rather tries new things and tweaks his presentation with every project, not to mention the immense effort put into each video, it really shows!
He's really done a good job of making sure he doesn't get pigeonholed into a specific type of video.
Well, this question I had is finally answered.
In the difficult time of Corona, I am glad Derek provides us with videos more frequently. Life has become stagnant for me, and I feel like i'm getting dumber since there's so less to do and learn from during this time. These videos are a breath of relief for me and I really appreciate it. Thanks, Derek.
@Science Revolution This is a joke, is it not?
@Science Revolution I really, really hope this comment is satire
preachhh
@Science Revolution You know, there are answers to all those questions. But because you started your comment demeaning and insulting all other people and scientists, it tells me you are not really even interested about the answers and you are not willing to learn from them. Therefore I can't bother to explain those things to you. For everyone's sake, just leave the internet for a moment and read a book, or something.
@Science Revolution if u had asked the doubts without insulting the scientists then I would have happily cleared them
As an addition to explain the difference in observation, to greatly simplify. The redshift in light kind of works the same for sounds. When you hear the siren of an ambulance it sounds different when the ambulance is driving towards then when the ambulance is drives away from you. thats why you know it is moving towards you or away even if you don't see it. But the sound the ambulance makes is always the same, just perceived different
Thx
NO . Incorrect. Unlike Light which is itself a thing that's why passes through empty space as a particle it can where as sound is just a disturbance in a medium like air in siren case for ambulance.
Example: it's the difference like between the impact/effect/force office standing man pushing something to that of him hitting it with speed.
Sound is (mechanical) produced by physical forces in air to be simple but not light it is it's on particle with fixed speed.
@@jairussiriyalaofficial8922👍
If this was true then your practically saying the expansion of the universe started from some point and has and end point meaning the start point of the siren when you first hear it and the end as the ambulance gets further away the sound ends and can no longer hear it.....Scientifically they haven't yet proven when/where a start of something like the universe but only know it has to existed or we wouldn't be here...what's actually astounding me in saying that is there maybe be a end to our expanding universe for example a balloon when you blow it up it expands until eventually it pops not saying the universe is round just saying that's how expansion actually physically works .
@@jairussiriyalaofficial8922 I concur
All these videos make me realize is that Einstein is the GOAT. this dude found ONE EQUATION that all this is based around??? WILD.
He is one of the GOATS if not the GOAT. However, there is one more equation which describes as much of the universe, if not more and that is Schrodinger's equation.
Funny you say this in this video, cause Einstein was really against the idea of the unverse expanding for a long time before he was proven wrong.
zu wild
Runner-up. Newton is the true GOAT.
it wasn't just einstein, many scientists contributed and even corrected einstein
Proud of myself for understanding approximately 27% of what this video is talking about.
😂😂😂😂😂😂 i can relate to you
🤣 same here
i gave like for 1%
Well if that 27% is the Doppler effect then you understand 100% of the video
Did it not occur to you to o wonder what is being called " the universe"?
Clearly not; no surprises there.
Did not understand a thing bit yes its all sound good to me
Then how can you have a valid opinion?
@@Sonex1542 when did i said he is right
I said it's sound good to me not by theory
Big difference bro
sometimes understanding... is about letting go and letting the force guide you 💁♀️
Don't worry, you are not alone
Don't try to understand it, feel it
"Are you expanding with the universe?". *Looks at belly*. "Why yes, yes I am"
Bucket list after corona times:
1. Going in outer space
2. Turning off Electromagnetic force
man i wonder how something like this would feel...
@@GRAITOM it’s called death.
Same
After corona times, it will be miller time. Followed by Coors time.
@@GRAITOM Well, . . . if you concentrate, intently and without choice of self, upon being able to travel within your physical existence at the subatomic level, then maybe you just might be able to 'feel' an emotion. But, . . . you'd have to be able to concentrate first.
This whole "you're currently accelerating because of gravity" thing is still kind of making my head explode.
Also, you're killing it.
Well, kinda like when you jump, you're not being pulled back down by the earth directly, per se, your mass is just interacting with the earth's mass and you're sliding down the curved spacetime back to rest xD the earth is just much more massive so you think you're being pulled back down, but really, both masses are pulling on each other! Just the earth has a lot more mass to pull with xD
@@FractalNinja Yeah I get it conceptually, but intuitively "You are always currently accelerating up" seems like it cannot be true. It's one of those weird facts that is just a mind bender. I love it!
GDI Bass
I'm not sure how "up" could be the correct term considering there is no "direction" in space. The earth isn't pushing you "up", you are just along for the ride essentially.
Up is a relative term, so the absolute definition of it (especially when talking about an intuitive interpretation of a concept) isn't particularly relevant.
@@FractalNinja I think you should watch veritasium's video on gravity! He explains how gravity isn't actually a force there and when you're free-falling, the earth is basically crashing into you. Just like in this video, the free-falling oberserver was the same as the astronauts stationary in the universe looking at the rocket-ship - because they are essentially the same
Veritasium's animation team on another level. Along with the content, you guy are on a roll!! Thank you!
Also they got time for multiple thumbnails...
100%
No other content creator has the ability this guy has to be able to explain concepts to 14 year old me and then 6 years later help me understand another concept the day before a final year Undergrad Physics exam...different level
Man, I feel the same way but the diffrence is my age is on the younger side. I wish I could learn this for the rest of my life!
@@justanerdguy3054 Then go study Physics!!
@@beetlesstrengthandpower1890He said "wish", not "going to", because that means working on it, rather than just passively consuming media and forgetting about it the next day.
Me when electromagnetic force disappear: Mr. Stark, I don't feel so good
That's what Thanos must have done to murder people. Disabling the electromagnetic force in certain places (intelligent creature's bodies) while simultaneously accelerating the expansion of space in those places.
My exact thoughts!!!!!
@@zyansheep Yeah, duh.
@@zyansheep space didn't expand there
Damn, I wanted to make the same joke, lol.
Lesson learned: Never go out in outer space without electromagnetic forces.
If you don’t have electromagnetic forces applying to you while you’re on earth you’re screwed too
😁😁😁
I would love to see a video on how it feels to go out that way
@@VvDiverDownvV Being de-moleculed? It would probably hurt after some point, depending on the rate of decay.
@@LambGoatSoup Well see I feel like everything at the same time would just float away sooo you wouldn't feel anything maybe? You'd just go instantly?
"The problem is if you give it a second thought"
Me: Yes, that is the source of all my anxieties
_Relatable_
@@noidea9952 Highly
Lmao same
hahaaa
Me: Let's spend 4 hour preparing for something that obviously won't happen cause it "might" happen
ive seen 2 explanations before this one, and this one is by far the clearest, most well-suited for the average joe to understand. thank you.
President of US Joe?
Oh man I have been wondering about this question for as long as I know everything expands
Really, my friend. I have been thinking about that same question for a while now.
What is happening is more space is being created. Now could this new space creation get to a point where it could eventually overcome all the forces holding things together? Maybe. The Big Rip theory suggests that the expansion could continue that far. But its too soon to say if that will happen. Dark energy grows over time? I think so but is it infinite or finite? If finite will the acceleration lessen and stop? Before the universe smears out into homegeniaty? I doubt I'll be around that long to find out. 😎😆
I did too and then I thought I found the answer in a Philip K. Dick story where a man time travels (sort of) and the people from like15,000 years ago are tiny since he would be more expanded. They think he is god and it turns out he gives them the 10 commandment or something. But now I'm mad because I told other people we expand since I thought it was true because of that story
I feel so lied to or something
There's nothing expanding besides the "metric".
Surely the laws of nature must apply to everything. That must mean that we are proof of the truth. Yes, aliens do exist and no, the universe is not expanding.
1:13 "Are you expanding with the universe"
Geez, I know I've gained _a little_ weight during quarantine, but still.
BAHAHAHAHAHA
HZBXBAHHSJEIRNTNJFIHTBTBEKFNBFBDJDHTBG I DONT KNOW WHY I FOUND THIS SO FUNNY
Woohoo I was hundredth like
Funny
Most people of my family lost weight this 7 months
What to say when someone tells you you're fat: No, I'm expanding with the Universe... lol
Dude you're pumping out videos in these times like crazy.
MAD respect.
I swear the title changed from "are you expanding with the universe" to " what actually expands in an expansing universe" and i think the thumbnail changed too. It's refreshing watching old veritasium videos. This video is actually one of my favorite veritasium's video, i think i watched this video at least 6 times
Probably to give his older Videos some push.
What the devil is a"an expansing universe"? apart from imaginary and making an abortion of English?why not a wombating or making an abortion of English universe, but not to worry it is kinderlander a dialect of English or form of pidgin.
Little girl: "Why is it red?"
Derek's first thought: "It's red shifted!"
Hahaha
I don't get it
@@MarioAP At 11:21, you hear a little girl ask "why's it red?" when he turns the camera on.
Because blood rushed to it.
You may not be expanding, but your mind is
Me: *about to go to sleep*
TH-cam (Veritasium): 'Do You Expand With The Universe?'
Me: _I don't need sleep, I need answers_
That's how it is sometimes. I'll be sound asleep by the time this video ends. Then I'll watch it when I wake up lul.
Haha that's good
Relatable haha also wanted to sleep but watched this vid instead x3
You need sleep too. (A friendly reminder to go to sleep if you haven't yet)
what the hell! this man is making quality videos on almost weekly basis now. these videos are much better than documentaries on these topics! Keep up the great work!!
very interesting and thought provoking, makes me want to go learn physics to fully understand what I fully imagined just now.
Go for it 👍🤟
"Why's it red?"
"Because spacetime is expanding between us at an accelerating rate"
because salesforce!
what if the universe (being infinite in size) is not expanding and actually everything in it is shrinking, would we be able to tell the difference?
@@leandrrob uhhh yeah i guess cause then the light from sun would take longer time to reach us and the time would continue to expand
Red was not the imposter
Blue sus, bcs i saw red kill... The expanding photon from my phonescreen explain how blue is suspicious
Joke time: A man appears in the court for breaking traffic signal. The man argues that the red traffic light appeared green to him due to Doppler effect. The judge accepts his argument, cancels the charge of jumping traffic signal and instead fines him for crossing speed limit.
that never happened...
@@EXTENDEDWARRANT your sarcasm is bad
@@EXTENDEDWARRANT IT LITERALLY SAYS
"Joke time"
@@thefountainpendesk I know I’m just joshin
also please let me know if I got anything wrong, thanks :p
D: Thanks for posting something I haven't seen repeated 1000 times on other pop-sci channels. This one was new to me.
Kings Disease album of the year btw
Same ish, just explained very well with animations. Good stuff
I hope you're not cynical. This is completely new to me and not explained in any other video I've seen (please share video here if i'm wrong. Anyway, this is explained heme amazingly and anything I can from a physics video. Very professional stuff Derek!
Wym the video was well made and this my first time seeing red shift explained like this. Don’t be thinking you are the only subscriber this guy makes vids for. 🤣
I'm sure he made it just for you.
i have a concern with this understanding of red shift. we have all learnt in early childhood, that each point in ray of light act as point source and send light everywhere. so the energy fo light keeps on decreasing as the light move forward as some of it is lost to create other light. isn't this the reason for red shift of light as red light contains less energy then other visible light.
He's getting a lot of use out of that rocket.
Lol true😂
@@adeshpoz1167 it's all cool. His production team does a good job.
@@GregoryTorchia Derek must have also purchased that tower at Harvard, along with some distant galaxies.
SpaceX: Our 50th reflight of a booster!
Veritasium: Shows his rocket in many more videos
you are blind to TIME.
some good questions;
how long is it now or how long is it now?
Is time continuous?
What is the shortest time that can be measured?
To help with the answers consider the Planck constant
Veritasium: "Do You Expand With the Universe?"
90% of the comments: _self depricating fat jokes_
Me: Our creativity sure isn't expanding.
Upvote number 111. This comment is underrated.
The irony is appreciated.
First time?
@@blank2588 朋友是一个坚韧不拔的纪录片， 在香港这座城市的设置。 主演：钱德勒 索罗斯 傅博斯1 瑞秋 莫妮卡 和一些其他他妈的演员。
Me: Especially with this incredibly overused format.
10:53 “Mr. Stark, I don’t feel so good”
:,D
Gud one
Underrated
Thats exactly what i thought!!! :D
so thats what thanos did
Incredible video, thanks a lot for taking the time and making the effort to make this.
11:23 "Why's it red?"
You're in a non-inertial frame of reference kid, where the earth's gravitational field is dominating your local space-time curvature.
The camera is also recording.
The Earth's gravitational field is negligible to the red-shifting. It is red, because the source moves away from the observer, and as a result of the Doppler effect, it decreases in frequency.
@@carultch I also watched the video. I was inferring that she hadn't, and she wanted the answer to cosmological redshift (-There I clarified the comment). Please understand that this is a joke.
He is the most authentic person I have seen on TH-cam. The way he explains things and the sponsors' acknowledgement part. Really great.
You know that he is supposedly communicating scientific truth?
Probably, dunno honestly
maybe
Papa flammy
Fancy seein' you here oh great and wise giga brain MENSA member!
Papa flammy!!!
I have a question: Why would light wavelengths look redder (lower frequency) if time slows down the faster you go? In the rocket thought experiment, those in the rocket with their time slowed down, should perceive the light as a shorter wavelength.
I want tô thank all of you that work on this channel for explaining that question. The first time I heard about the expansion of the universe I wondered about us being expanded as well. I could't find the explanation for this anywhere until I seen this video. That question literally gave me insomnia in the day I thought about It, now I can sleep 😅
Veritasium keeps making videos on questions I've wanted answers to but haven't had time to look deeply enough, great job!
My suggestions for future topics: What are the cosmic requirements for life; What's the window for life in universes life span? Something about amino acids in space vs on earth vs theoretically possible ones...
How would life appear to us/our equipment if we were to approach such planet at near lightspeed, could we theoretically see a timelapse of their history as we approach? How feasible would it be to build a forward "time capsule" on earth's orbit, a vessel that goes around earth at high % of speed of light and hosts a person?
...What's the opposite of lightspeed, i.e can something be truly static? Is difference between universe and not universe whether something "can be static"?
Ok, I might've gotten carried away, but there's some good topics in there!
If something went around earth incredibly fast it would be flung out of orbit
Also what is your profile pic
@@enderman5423 Yeah, I guess that's true. Maybe something like a long orbiting structure with passenger on one end and a counterweight at the other, putting the rotation pivot at the centre. Then just spin that really fast.
My pic is a wooden owl statue.
@@z3dar According to Einstein, there’s no such thing as static. Everything is moving relative to something else
Beware. Easy answers to hard questions are almost invariably wrong. There is misinformation in this video, and others of his. But most of the viewers can't tell the difference, they seem to uncritically assume that he's correct.
Always, Derek always finds a relatable way of explaining things, and always takes an interesting topic, people like u r the real ppl quenching our curiosity
I feel like he's actually a Physics teacher that likes his job. :D
It's because he spells Derek with an "erek". They are the best types of Derek.
Tere se pucha kisi ne भो sadi के जो gyan चोद raha hain yahan
@@yoyomodiji Sorry, Google can't translate you. Maybe someone else can understand.
"What would the freefalling observer see"
the pavement, presumably.
Lol
Or his life flashing before his eyes.
Einstein cheering
@@dakinnie We tend to view the past with rose colored glasses, this is known as temporal red-shift.
He'd be known as Lil splat
This is the best channel ever for your content I can only imagine how much research is required. Thanks a lot ❤️
Veritasium: are you expanding with the universe?
me after eating two entire bags of crisps: *i sure am*
ew
bri'ish "person" detected
@@devans.5324 "person" lmao
Alert, the Queen is on the loose
its been six months you need to keep up and have more crisps
This example helped me : You can tell the difference of sound made by a car moving towards you or getting away ; while the driver of the car hears the same pitch . If everyone tries to measure the wavelength ; It would be different .
I still have a little problem relating this to universe level . ..but ...
Thanks. Great example, don’t know why I didn’t think of it like that. Really helps me imagine what’s happening. Omg.... just realised this also helps me understand spacetime better as well! & how different observers can experience time differently. Many thanks! 🤯
And if the car is all red, it's driving away real fast
@@alex0589 And if it's blue, it's coming to you
@Science Revolution 1. Yes it's a star we can see. No, it doesn't have strong enough gravity; it's not dense enough yet.
2. Scientists don't, duh. The most recent picture of a black hole has a massive black spot in the middle. There's a reason for that.
The light that we see is from the accretion disk, where space is moving with the black hole and objects are crashing into each other. Some light escapes from there.
Also, the mechanism is explained with general relativity. Evidently you don't know what a black hole is.
Gravity doesn't "decelerate the light speed;" it curves spacetime. _Time_ is included. The event horizon actually makes it so the light's possible futures all end up within the black hole. We don't know exactly what happens after that, though.
3. The curvature of spacetime is brought about by a big enough mass. We talk about "gravity," but we actually mean curved spacetime.
In some models of physics, such as Newtonian mechanics, gravity is a force pushing things down, and that works as a good enough approximation for most uses.
If you really want to complain about science, complain about string theory or something.
@@alex0589 Now imagine you're in the car. No traffic light would show red to you from a certain speed.
"It's all doppler?"
"Always has been."
NetDoppler
Actually I also only knew that it was doppler everywhere.... Then at the beginning I'm like is the knowledge i process wrong? Then later I'm like no i was not 😂
*BANG!!!*
It all depends if you view life through a redshift or blueshift lens!
Same
Thank you for your video! I think overall Veritasium is probably the best channel about physics! Always a quality material
I appreciate you, dearly. I've recently been going through old videos of people like Feynman and Sagan. They existed at a time when video technology was still...amorphous. We only have so much video of them, and they died so long ago. I know they would be proud of creators and educators like you who are carrying on their work. Thank you.
U
Exactly👍👍
How far can a photon be stretched by space?
Don't worry guys, I love you guys too. I'm just not retarded... but believe whatever the hell you wanna believe in. This is kinda fun though not gonna lie. But I'd rather not just pretend my whole life to keep everyone else happy...
I'm sure we're all mad at God but come on. It's not his fault if no one listens to him...
Just live honestly and don't pretend like you're anything else. I've got geniune anxiety about people watching me overtime. It's weird and now that paranoia might be a reality... just please keep pretending like I'm not as embarrassing as everyone else...
God dammit.
Carl Sagan died in 1996 and presented multiple tv shows.
I'm happy that Derek is uploading frequently.
I'm unhappy that I can't grasp any of these .
I end up watching them multiple times to try to understand it 😂
It's all shadeballs?
Always has been
El stupido
I love the direction this channel is moving in.
I've not seen any channel as big as Veritasium trying to explain these interesting theories about relativity and space, especially in such an understandable manner. Nice work man
Arvin Ash does a great "laymans" job at this also.
7:28
I never quite understand this part. If the motion of earth is well-defined relatively to the cosmic background radiation, then does it mean that the universe has a preferred reference frame in terms of velocity?
I understand that the law of physics is invariant under boost (of reference frame), but does the (initial) state of the universe have a special frame where net momentum is zero?... and that determines the doppler shift of CMB?
This is an excellent question. We often say there is no preferred reference frame of the universe, even though the CMB seems to provide an excellent counter-point to that. The CMB is the furthest "object" that we can see back in time, and we can measure its Doppler shift via a special relativistic effect called beaming. Since we are moving at 600 km/s through space relative to the CMB, we see portion moving towards us as being blueshifted and beamed to a higher brightness, while the portion moving away from us is redshifted and similarly is dimmer. Based on the amount of beaming we see, we are able to determine our relative motion (to within some uncertainty of a few 10s of km/s).
Because of this, it is somewhat fair to say that the observable universe does have a preferred reference frame in terms of velocity, however the universe itself still does not, as we still cannot define the CMB's relative motion to objects outside of the observable universe. Additionally, this preferred reference frame would be different depending on where in the universe you are, as our preferred reference frame (the observed CMB) would be much different than what someone at the other end of the universe 15 Gpc away would see as their microwave background radiation.
The initial state of the universe did not have a special frame where the net momentum was zero. The universe was expanding back then just as it is now (even more so during the period of inflation), and as a result no such reference frame could exist as far as I know.
Good point.
“When the universe was very young, it was so hot...”
I'm going to stop you right there.
The girl named universe: *reports bruh moment*
“Help! I need an adult”
@@cyto3338 never speak again
Why don't you take a seat right over here...
Excuse me! I don't get this
Can anyone xplain?
OMG ALL THESE UPLOADS! and of such quality! You’re on fire! Thanks for the awesome content, keep up the great work.
Can’t get over how interesting all the topics you cover on this channel
Just as the universe expands, so does this channel, and with it, our minds and understandings of the universe
True
I know this isn't new, but first time watching it and someone who knows this topic well - excellent presentation, graphics and storytelling!!!
I'm not fat, i'm red shifted...
And the comment of the year goes to
10/10
best top comment i have ever seen lol
I'm sorry I don't speak red shifted.
Shock I identify as skinny, I’m trans-slender.
5:30 - As I'm falling to my death, I'm going to be concerned with the color of a photon in a gravity tube.
Lol
This comment is underrated
But the fall doesn't hurt just the landing.
Welcome to theoretical physics
😂
Someone needs to build a really good special relativity simulator to show the visceral look and feel of these spacetime transformations. I want to see how a ship's appearance would change as it passes by at semi-luminal speeds. I want to see how the colors would shift, lengths would contract, and time would slow down from each observer's perspective. Could you get on that?
How far can a photon be stretched by space?
@@reasonerenlightened2456 maybe microwave as we receive the electromagnetic radiation from CMB
@@reasonerenlightened2456There is no limit. Maybe energy reaches 0
There is this Vsause video that shows what will happen when you move at light speed so that's like 1 out of 4
When the world needed him the most
He became more frequent
Imagine dragons fan?!🙂😉
Against all odds he didn't redshift.
If he's blue shifted... does that mean he's coming for us?
Unlike micahel
I laughed at 5:35
I'm imagining a hospitalised student visited by his friend after sustaining various injuries from his free fall and the friend asks him "What colour was the photon?" to which he responds "Piss off, mate!".
Well of course, it's not the fall that hurts you -- it's that sudden stop at the end!
you british , bro ?
@@Milesco
Nerf gravity.
@@Milesco ehh doesn't that mean that you'll get hurt by stuff like bungee jumping lol
@@psc698 : No, it means you *_won't_* get hurt by bungee jumping! (Unless the cord breaks! 😁)
Veritasium is one of my favorite TH-cam channels. Content and delivery connects on the perfect level.
With videos this good I opt in to watch the ads for you. Thanks for the content
My brain just expanded from watching this.
"Are you expanding with the universe?"
Yes I am, sideways. Or maybe I eat too much...no definitely the Universe
It's a consequence of your expansion being coupled to the earth, and the Earth therefore being the mechanism of expansion. Expansion radially from the centre is ruled linearly by 'r', but expansion perpendicular to that is ruled by the surface area of the Earth, which is in a square relationship to 'r'. Hence we expand proportionately quicker in the pseduo-plane parallel to the surface of the Earth.
(Disclaimer: this is a joke. Feel free to pretend to take it seriously and continue the joke, but the logic is deliberately utterly wrong.)
Spongebob giving Patrick heasld, wtf XD
@@nialltracey2599 Wow I've never thought of it like that 🧐🧐
Loving seeing more videos from Derek recently. The quality and quantity had increased, and I have no idea why but I love it.
I just hope he doesn't burn himself out.
I read his comment that he has a team, cmiiw
That sponsor money getting put to use
This is the phrase I heard today
He made a community post where he said he has a team now.
This is wonderfully explained but awesome to take in - I will have to watch this many more times.
With the fifth dimension and an experiment you can easily disprove this.
This is easily one of the greatest channels on TH-cam! Eternal thanks for all this amazing educational material. Its above and beyond anything I expected.
Watch 30 videos and get a bachelor's diploma in Astrophysics.
Love the Pampers commercial just after he says "Except for very extraordinary circumstances." Not sure if that was planned but it gave me goosebumps.
10:53 - I don't feel so good Mr. Stark
I was looking for this comment
I've always wondered this! Thanks for explaining in such a clear way, this video made me so excited to finally understand
As Ferb once thought: “The universe is constantly expanding” “But what is it expanding into?”
Hey, Ferb, I know what we're gonna do today!
That’s a really good question though
I remember that episode
I have ALWAYS had this question
@lyco46 is it instantaneous? creation of space and expansion into it?
When i first learned about expansion of the universe I actually had the same question in my mind. I can't believe veritasium actually made a video about it!
"that tells you it's recording" "that's where you push the button again"
are you training your kids to become your camera crew or what? still pretty cute though
i love it, that was my favorite part of the video!
got me smiling
Tbh I wonder if he managed to do it in the first shot
I'm sure he is a great father. Would like him to be my older brother
Best youtube channel... hands down.
I may not expand with universe but has expanded like never before in this lockdown.
faster than the universe's expansion? MIND BLOWN
*have 😉
The best part is the child asking "why is it red?"
So coincidental. And convenient
I read "A Brief History of Time" over the past two weeks, and the last several videos have been such an amazing compliment to it. They add so much detail, metaphor, and visual aid to the ideas Hawking was discussing. It would be cool to see a video about how all these redshifts, and space time curvatures effect time, and how the speed of light demands there being no absolute time.
You are such a compelling and charismatic speaker
An intuitive way to think about redshift:
A photon is a wave, meaning it has peaks and valleys. If you move in the same direction as a photon, you measure more distance (or time) between each peak and valley, so the wavelength looks longer.
Yes, I was thinking of this too. However, I've also heard that light moves at the same speed relative to the observer, regardless of the speed of the observer. Not sure if that's true ... but if it is, it makes it a bit confusing.
@ Ingmar Verweij I don't know if that is exactly the case because we are not relativistic creatures. We don't move at the speeds of a photon. Nor do our measuring instruments. They detect photons because they intercept them, the photon is stopped by matter, whether our retinas, photoreceptors, heavy clouds full of vapor. The photon is STOPPED. We cannot see a photon. If we turn on a flashlight we don't see the beam leave the bulb, we only see it reflect off the wall or someone else or dust or vapor in the air.
What I really want to point out though is that moving in the same direction as a photon has no effect on the distance or time between the peaks or valleys of the photon, simply the time and distance WE cover. Any photons that WE emit do not get red or blue shifted from our relative position to that photon, but other observers have a different frame of reference so can detect redshifts or blueshifts. When you're riding on a wave of light you can't tell that you are riding on a wave of light.
Paul Walsh I don't know what you're getting at. For my, albeit simplified, intuitive way to think about it, there was no need for motion at the speed of light. Besides, you can see a photon, it's kinda what we do every day. The idea was that you are moving in the same direction (as stated above) in the same line as the photon. Also, photons don't stop, they get absorbed.
Also WHY are you putting RANDOM WORDS in caps lock?
Tony Mathew Yeah, you're correct. I know that light moved at the same speed, however the analogy still holds up: when a light wave is emitted it's done like this. It emmits a peak, then a valley, etc. If it moved towards you, the distance between each peak and valley is shorter. The opposite is true when it moves away from you. So it still moves at the speed of light, but there's a difference between peak and valley.
Edit: I know it's not perfect, but it still helps if you're trying to wrap your mind around it.
@@INGIE32 First of all it's not random words that are in caps, they are words that I wanted to emphasize for clarity. Maybe you should re-read my comment with that in mind and maybe will understand it better. I prefer how you pointed out (accurately) that photons are ABSORBED rather than STOPPED. My point was that you can't tell if you are on a peak or a trough if you were on a light wave. You wouldn't be able to tell that the light wave "that you are on" is being redshifted because you are in the same frame of reference as the light and light travels at the speed of light in a vacuum. The only way to detect redshift or blueshift is by observing the light from another source whether emitted or reflected based on it's relative motion.
This is sooooooo amazinggggggggg
I feel so blessed to have been born in this Era, where I can learn about such extraordinary findings made by humans; right in the palm of my hand!!! Thankyou veritasium!
this video is nonsense
@@bitterlemonboy and why?
@@bitterlemonboy nonsense? What? You must like to watch nonsense vlogs doing nonsense. Pranks and sh*t. This is science. If you dont like it. Get out or throw your phone away. Because its a product of science.
@@inyourface4995 lol
@@inyourface4995 do u think ur the smartest person on earth cuz you watch science videos on youtube?
This relativity mini series has been absolutely insane! I thought I had a decent understanding of relativity but these videos have been so great at deepening my intuitions on the subject. Keep making incredible videos like this and I for one will definitely keep watching!
So pleased I have wondered this, asked every physicist from school to university and beyond and FINALLY I have an answer
I expand with tacos.
hm
Veritasium is talking about a different type of expansion here
@@msarchive6247 clearly.
@َ َ @Ozone what are you two talking about?
@َ َ I see mostly asmr, how is that linked with knives?
Me: Takes schizophrenia pills
My homie Jerome: 10:52
RIP Jerome, the truest of imaginary homies. ;(
He's still with you, in here... **points to heart**
R.I.P. Jerome.
Seems like a long roundabout way of saying “No, because the forces on your body are more affected by electromagnetism than dark energy.”
Are you expanding?
No, because scale.
Why does scale matter?
Ten minute video.
That's what I don't get though. If red shifting happens along any given distance then it should also happen at subatomic distances which would prove that universe is expanding at any scale, but by such a small amount it isn't noticeable on small distances.
@@gabrielrej834 We really should just call dark energy “anti-gravity”. It’s a repulsive force or pseudo-force that dominates anywhere the other forces do not. In the presence of dense matter, gravity is sufficient to nullify expansion, and gravity is far weaker than electromagnetism. On large enough scales, matter is diffuse, so dark energy rules. The anti-gravity effect is present at small scales, but gravity and electromagnetism counter it locally.
@@ryantwombly720 Anti-gravity insinuates a force that straightens spacetime, whereas dark energy pushes things through it. It also insinuates that we, without gravity, would expand like a balloon (the opposite of gravity which pulls things together), but in reality we expand like a dot drawn on the surface of a balloon. We don't expand away from our centers, but rather the center of the universe. Lastly, dark energy is, at the moment, a hidden variable. The universe is expanding faster than we calculated is possible, the amount by which we call dark energy. Calling it anti-gravity insinuates that we have a working model with a named force, but at the moment, it's just energy we add to our equations to make them are accurate, hence dark (unknown) energy.
@@ryantwombly720 -- It's not like anti-gravity in a couple of important ways:
1) Its strength has nothing to do with the amount of matter present in a given region. A cubic meter of space will expand to 8 cubic meters in the same amount of time, regardless of how much matter is present in it.
2) Its strength is directly proportional to the distance between two point-like objects, rather than _inversely_ proportional to the _squared_ distance between them.
Hmmm is it possible the universe is expanding due to moving through a 4th dimension ?
Imagine having a cup of water, where manipulating the cup changes the form of the contents. Now instead of forces acting on the cup, our universe is changing shape as we move through different slices of the “4d cup” in 3D space.
Are there any rules that the universe has to expand? Can it ever contract or not change for periods of time ?
I believe in the big crunch theory of death of the universe :)
I suppose if the universe is actually set against a 4D surface and had some sort of weight pushing on it, i.e. it was sandwiched between two hyperplanes, that could cause it to expand. Seems farfetched tho
@@KrishnamKumawat its the most comforting even if its likely untrue.
The universe is expanding due to its observers because , the universe didnt create the observers, in fact observers created the universe a, the universe can only exist when thers something observing it so this proves all the scientifiq theories wrong like universe expansion , big bang and dark energy its about time u ppl realize how stoopid u've been or show me how the universe created the observers bet u cant explain me that 😂
@@HumulatorHow is being crushed between 4D planes comforting? Actually curious.
Derek can you help me understand a thought experiment I've had.
If you look through a telescope at a planet very far away and can see the surface. Let's assume there is life on the planet and this telescope is powerful enough to see down to the street level so you can see people living their lives. Now this planet is 1000 light years away so you see the people as they were a 1000 years ago.
Ok so far so good
Now, suppose you take the telescope on a rocket and keep looking at the planet as you travel towards the planet at some very fast speed. Let's assume 0.5c.
What I can't understand is this...
Do the people as viewed through the telescope appear to move more quickly?
I've had this thought experiment in my head for over 15 years and can't figure out what would happen. My instincts say the people should appear to move more quickly as you travel towards them but then this breaks the idea of relativity and light being the same speed no matter where you measure it.
But then, if they move at the same speed as you travel towards them at some point you would reach the planet but through the telescope would still appear older and that's not true either.
Maybe an idea for a video in the future?
They should appear to move more quickly, I don't think this violates relativity. I think this is the same as when you hypothetically orbit around the Earth at ludicrous speeds and come back a year later -- only to find that the year on Earth is far far in the future while you have aged only one year
Great now I have another huge question to think about for years!! Haha really though, cool thought!!
What do you mean by saying that it will break relativity ? The light would still move at the same speed, its just that you would be moving into it, which means that your eyes will receive more of it.
I wouldn’t say it violates relativity. The light coming towards you doesn’t move any faster, but you see more of it. They’d appear brighter and faster.
This is like the opposite of that Einstein thought experiment where if you were to move away from a clock at an ever increasing speed, as you approached the speed of light the clock would appear to slow down and at the speed of light it would appear stop moving. www.emc2-explained.info/The-Light-Clock/
"red is sus"
"We're on an accelerating spaceship! We're ALL red!"
Stop quoting the video, you contribute absolutely nothing.
@@lemau8458 Stop replying to comments, you are contributing nothing
@@lemau8458 He/She is not quoting the video.
@@lemau8458 stop being mad at a joke, you contribue absolutely nothing
@Devang Shekhawat lol
Hi, Derek - three quick things:
1) RIP beard.
2) I thought you might touch on the personal clocks of the astronauts slowing down as they accelerated and how that relates to the red shift.
3) If the expansion of the universe doesn't affect us on this scale, what are cosmologists talking about when they say the Big Rip will tear the universe apart at the subatomic level? I'm confused.
Exactly my thoughts. I hope he sees this comment.
I think he didnt explain that very well. The expansion of the universe does affect us. Everywhere in the entirety of the universe dark energy is created and pulls everything apart with an extremely small force. Its just that the forces that hold your body together are much stronger.
The Big Rip happens if this expansion creates a stronger force than the bonds between particles.
@@Currywurst4444 You are correct. The video is wrong.
With a non expanding universe you don't need to hypothesize a big RIP, dark matter or any other unobservable material.
I am confused with the speed of light in relation to the clock question, if speed is distance/time and an object (a photon)traveling at lightspeed has no time ,how do you know the speed if you cant measure the time?
We know that light sources moving to/away from us can cause doppler shift in the wavelength of the light they produce, but does a moving observer also perceive a doppler shift because of his own movement?
I mean if a star's light is shifted to a wavelength λ because of the star speed, if it doesn't get shifted further during travel (ie ignoring cosmic expansion red-shift for now) then we would assume it would arrive at the observer with wavelength λ.
But if the observer is also moving with considerable speed relative to that light source, then would he detect additional red/blue shift on the moving detector?
I was thinking about the setup of the experiment at 7:56, for a single photon the only way to observe it and pass it further is to absorb it, measuring its properties and generate new photon with the same properties. Is such case every observer on the chain would be new light-source, which we know can shift additionally the wavelength because of its relative speed.
But if you consider a beam of light, and after all stars are radiating light in all directions, ie given beam of light would spread wider as it travels further, which means that a detector can be setup to intercept only a small fraction of it, while the rest of the beam is left untouched by measurement, and doesn't need to be re-emitted.
So at every observer in the chain we can take a small sample of light to measure the light properties (assuming they're mostly homogeneous with the rest of the light in that beam), and let the rest of the beam travel with its wavelength untouched since its original light-source.
I assume when the last observer takes a sample and compares with the light that was re-emitted by every other observer on the chain, its wavelength should be the same.
And I assume the only factors for a doppler shift of a wavelength are both speeds of the light-source and of the observer. Expansion of the spacetime just affects these speeds.
So the actual red-blue shift only happen on emission and on detection of photons, right?
I mean that if I'm observer on a planet moving away from the star I'm observing because of the Cosmic expansion I'll detect a red-shift.
But if I'm moving at a speed that allows me to keep the same distance with the observed star (ie relative speed to the star is 0) I wouldn't detect a red-shift at all (no matter if you consider the light red-shifted at the star, and then blue-shifted the exact same amount on detection because of my speed)
Is that right?
you're not getting fatter, you're just expanding with the universe
I like this comment, cus I'm eating pasta and pizza at the same time rn
Sander Weide 2 servings of Ramen here
maggie gang?
Nope, you're just getting fatter.
So when Thanos snapped his fingers, he switched off half the universe's population electromagnetic force's. Gotcha
what a load of malarkey
Why all the comments here are so underrated? Btw it's a good one.
10:52 "mr stark I don't feel so good"
LOL
But in cosmological redshift, the energy is lost due to expansion of universe and it is not conserved (because time translation invariance cannot be applied in expanding space time ) in other two gravitational and doppler redshift this is not the case.
Can you explain this…???
To me, this was very straight forward, the space in the universe is expanding, not the universe as a roll. Molecules that are together due to some y force will not separate, the space appearing(expanding) between them will just disperse away as more space apear and the y force keep them together.
either that or the scale at which its expanding is beyond our scope of perception?
@@katiebarber407 it is literally beyond our perception. After all, the maximum distance which we can view is determined by the speed of light, and the universe is expanding faster than the supposed cosmic speed limit. Anything beyond the distance at which the first photons in the universe could have travelled in the 12-13 billion years since they were first emitted is as unobservable to us as the inside of a black hole.
What if the universe expanded with a much bigger strength that could also pull us apart?
@@kirakira9906 that could be the case, but since we are here, I guess it is not. Right?
y force = strong and weak nuclear forces
Gravity at our scale is weak in comparison. Gravity becomes stronger as you scale up further
i been “expanding” since quarantine
More likely to die then
Bruh thanos just turned off our electromagnetic force when he snapped
@@Jackapher Bubba!
@@Jackapher Says the guy with a Doom avatar.
@@Jackapher Wow, you really took this as an insult, didn't you? Sorry about that, wasn't trying to insult you or anything, it was just a friendly interjection because I found the mental image of Doom guy lecturing others about cultural references kinda funny.
@@Jackapher Thank you. You just confirmed that you're nothing but a troll who shouldn't be taken seriously. Have a happy, quiet life in the dustbin of irrelevancy, troll.
@@Jackapher just say laughing, its one more key press and you dont look/sound.. silly :)
Question: @4:50 he explains that the observers in the ship see the photon as red shifted due to them moving away from the source when the light was emitted. But why would they be analogous to the observer at Harvard if the observer at the top of the Harvard experiment is stationary relative to the source when the light was emitted?
“But only because our universe is dominated by dark energy”
Ohhh is that why my life sucks?
Yes, it is!!
We told you, don't join the dark side.
I'm not entirely convinced that dark energy or dark matter really exist. Granted, this may mean that our theories are wrong -- but it won't be the first time that observation proved our theories wrong!
@@alpheusmadsen8485 You're not the only one, i am with you on this one. Some scientists are waiting to discover it under 1.5 km of Alpen rocks. It is now years that they have spent bellow the surface in a tunnel and nothing. So Connor Mannebrach can see his life could be worse.