As Douglas Adams once pointed out: Nothing travels faster than the speed of light with the possible exception of bad news, which obeys its own special laws.
Warp is very bad news indeed. The gravitational waves do not propagate from a bubble forming or collapsing. Those waves resonate within the bubble until it is driven from the known universe. This is how you can avoid the negative mass requirement. Driving the bubble out of the known universe creates an equal negative mass at the core configuration of the drive. The current limiting factor in human engineering is material strength. Once we achieve materials that can access the liquid crystal super ocean in the mantle of the Earth and the core device activates we will be able to create a warp drive.
Warp drives would be plenty useful even if FTL travel would turn out to be impossible: Being able to reach Trappist-1 in around 40 years instead of the 200 you would need with a light-sail would still be a huge improvement.
It's funny because in Star Trek they always say "detecting xyz warp signature". Basically we can argue they have sensors on board that analyse the gravity waves of different warp technologies. So you can scan for actual warp drives around you. Now imagine this technology to measure these gravitational waves becomes so small it fits into a small device you can just have in your ship. Similar to how big cameras were 100 years ago and now we have tiny sensors that are basically cameras the size of needle heads. That's my head canon now.
Ah I love this about star trek. Same thing with phones. It used to be a big thing on the wall. Now it fits on your pocket and is a personal computer with access to mankinds collective knowledge, and your nephew will always ask if you have games on it.
nah warp signatures in star trek were detected from emmissions not gravitational effects. That's why they were able to identify most ships from a unique pattern produced by the warp coils. I don't think an interferometer would be able to detect gravitational distortions of this scale in my opinion.
This is my preferred Fermi solution. A Lightspeed+ capable civilisation is spreading to the "home-like" planets of the universe. Because they can go Lightspeed+, communication is done by packet on couriers rather than radiowaves or other loud moving noise. So they're a very quiet, pin point islands, type of civilisation. We won't detect them until a scout ship appears in our solar system, and says "Hi, we weren't expecting anyone else"
Alternatively, such civilisation could have FTL communication method. Until we reach similar level of development, we would be unable to even detect such communication happening. Just like a tribe of hunter-gatherers wouldn't be able to detect our radio waves.
I remember getting mocked out of the "Cool Worlds" channel comments a few years ago, for suggesting we should figure out what warp bubbles would look like, if an alien species happens to be using them, and if we can observe them while we're looking at the universe. This episode makes me so happy to see people are working on that very idea.
Discovering gravitational waves was a very big deal and should lead to a lot of advances in understanding. Imagine Einstein having today’s observations and experiments to give him the next steps to work on. I think about this a lot. I think he’d have a lot of ideas like yours. I think he’d have a unified theory too My goat 🐐
I am no where near a physicist or mathematician so I can’t understand the equations but thank you for putting these in a language I can at least follow.
@@stoptryingtomakemeusemynam7829 I think he intended to say "mass," as the closed captions accompanying that part of the video say "mass" if you turn them on
Matt's narration in this episode is weirdly truncated. I don't think he had time to prepare for this one and just had to read whatever the prompter said on the spot. That might cause errors like this.
Don’t take the speed of the sun out of context because he meant what he said and so just look at it as one giant compound word and it makes sense as he intended.
@@Mark-z6y7b "But 10% lightspeed requires a mass-energy equivalence of 1% the speed of the sun." It doesn't make sense because he's talking about a mass-energy equivalence, which requires an actual "mass-part". That doesn't exist here. It would make sense if he said "But 10% lightspeed requires a mass-energy equivalence of 1% the MASS of the sun." because then mass-energy equivalnce would make sense. And the subtitles of the video actualy say mass, I presume he misspoke. Feel free to correct me tho, I may be missing smth.
Just because you can't travel through a wormhole doesn't mean you can't travel with a wormhole opening and closing creating a space time current flow 🌌
This is the subject I was interested in as a teenager. I wanted to get a PhD in physics and invent warp drive. I am a trekkie, so... I was fascinated in engineering, physics, and astronomy as a child.
I had read years ago that the "WOW! SIGNAL", of the '70s was early on speculated to be just this. The notion of which really filled me with a lot of fascination and made my imagination go nuts!
this is sure the best time to be living in, just think how much information we normal people have access to, which would be a dream for a scientists back then, thank you for explaining such a complex thing in a very easy way
If we don't know what mass is how do we know negative mass doesn't exist. What about dark energy what about like charge's repelling what about heat flowing away from bodies
16:05 we can use a multi frequency series of satellites to map the galaxy and more. If we get a fuller picture we see more colors and someday we will discover a way to travel the stars. For example we all use GPS/ maps to find that new tasty restaurant to take the family too.
If anyone feel like they're done with basegame the Multiverse mod adds a ton of content (hundreds of hours). It's FTLs equivalent to the Enderal mod for Skyrim, a total conversion of the game.
Much like charge-parity-time symmetries, negative solutions and even expectations on how we believe the universe works (Hi, Doc!) broadens our understanding of the fabric of reality.
Oh my god this is so exciting I was just at the LISA symposium in dublin last week!! Wow from being a kid watching this to seeing some of the stuff im working on oh my god I cant describe how this feels.
depends how deep it went. Of course it cant pass through the center, there will be so much pressure the very subatomic particles would be crushed. We also don't know if physics as we understand the work below the horizon so your ship might just stop working the moment it crosses. Also the event horizon forms when the escape velocity is above c. But that does not mean it stop growing as you go along, if at the horizon its c, a few meters (if they exist at all beyond the horizon) below would be say 1.5c. If your ship can travel at or faster than 1.5c then it can enter the horizon, pass a meter below it and leave, but if it falls say 2 meters, then it will be dragged down to its destruction.
I've often wondered whether that would be possible, assuming an Alcubierre drive is possible in the first place. If the negative energy version is somehow possible. Wouldn't the ability to create a sufficient quantity of negative energy/exotic matter with negative mass be equivalent to being able to create anti-gravity? And therefore partially reverse the insane spacetime curvature caused by a black hole? I'm sure someone with a better understanding of physics than my Dunning Kruger level understanding can tell me why I am completely wrong haha.
Assuming it’s made of ordinary matter, it takes an infinite amount of time to cross an event horizon. So, even if we ignore all the complications and it were somehow able to pop back out intact, it probably wouldn’t pop back out into anything resembling the current universe.
Happy to see a fresh Space Time video Matt. Already happy today, as the Space Time glow in the dark Higgs design t shirt I ordered arrived here (in the UK) this morning, and is fun to activate with my UV flashlight. 😄
Yessss!!! I finally get another Banger! pin to put on my pin board :D Hopefully the pin goes through the card, allowing me to keep it on. Thank you Matt, and team for the Awesome videos. Doesn't matter what I'm doing, when you call I answer! lol
@@PhysiKarlz Cool, right? But the video would still be up, considering TH-cam's notification algo took time to notify me that the video had been posted.
@@PhysiKarlz, I'm entirely aware. Although it wasn't really a joke about causality because it wouldn't have changed the fact that I did, in fact, see the notification along my causal timeline as an "observer".
Seems like a fun idea. If this worked you could send information faster than light, because you don't need to care about the bubbles, you can just cause gravitational waves appear at a point in spacetime you want, and encode information in that.
people only know Alcubierre for his warp drive paper, but future generations will know him for his amazing introductory book on 3+1 formulations of numerical relativity
@@onedeadsaintNot a physicist but I think I can explain this one. It means numerical relativity simulations (like were discussed in this episode) in 3 + 1 (3 space, 1 time) dimensional space time like the one we actually live in, as opposed to the 2+1 space time in the simulations shown in the episode.
It's within our technological grasp to detect something which almost certainly doesn't exist. Exciting, indeed. For myself, I just enjoy listening to Matt say "warp field" and being completely serious.
Thank you for the update regarding this interesting study. Even though such things may be impossible, I hope we manage to give a listen for a warp drive one day. After all, how many times has humanity been wrong about what's possible? God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)
If M=M'/sqrt(1-V²/C²) then mass with V greater than C means M is imaginary. I don't know how real mass and energy would react with imaginary mass, mass×sqrt(-1)
while gravitational wave detection will be absolutely required for Warp and artificial gravity calibration and operation, one of the upshots of the Alcubierre system is that activating and deactivating the drive will redshift and blueshift enough light to generate intense bursts of hard rads. which will be very detectable to sensors we have now, and will likely require specific filghtpaths for FTL launch and arrival. in other words, we should also be looking for likely bursts of hard radiation in other star systems that correspond to likely space traffic behavior
Well, that's the Alcubierre Torpedo invented. Fry one hemisphere of your target planet by braking ten million klicks short of it, so that by the time you've trundled up to it the atmospheric shock waves will have travelled multiple times around the planet trashing the other half. Take a bunch of sensor readings to determine whether it's going to be worth sending a mining vessel later to extract resources from the rubble, then power up the drive and head for your next target.
Why focus solely on a ships large enough to carry people? There could be tons of packet ships that do nothing but carry data and could be exceptionally small but would be quite useful, still, if they run regular routes on a schedule. Granted, they'd be harder to detect.
The "u" in Miguel is mute. Same as in "que" (what). This is one of the few exceptions in spanish, the u is used muted in a few combinations. Also the last e in Alcubierre sounds exactly like the previous one. We only have one sound for each letter. Our writting sounds exactly the same as speaked.(again, very few exceptions apply)
The idea of an accelerating warp bubble creating gravitational waves further cements my belief that faster than light warp bubbles are not possible. If an accelerating warp bubble creates gravitational waves, and gravitational waves move at the speed of light, then it shouldn't be possible for the source of the generation of the waves to overtake them. How can a warp drive communicate to space in front of it that the space in front of the ship should be warped, except through light or gravitational waves or some other massless particle? If the means by which to warp space in front of the ship is limited to the speed of light, then it is impossible to get the communication to warp space to the next increment in front of the bubble any faster than the speed of light. Lentz even admits this in his paper, if I understand it right. He says that it is possible for a warp bubble to exist, and to travel faster than the speed of light in a self-propagating geometry, however he says that there is no means for this bubble to accelerate or decelerate to and from superluminal speeds. So a faster than light bubble mathematically works if it already exists, but there's no way to get there. And once there, there's no way to stop it. The idea of a subliminal warp bubble is much more feasible, and I'm glad the example used was a speed of 10% c.
If i recall correctly he does say in the video that these gravitational waves would emit during a theoretical acceleration or deacceleration period, so maybe during those periods, when the bubble is below the 1c mark, it would only emit gravitational waves then? I'm no expert so this is just a random guess lol, I hope PBS makes another warp drive video simply going over the progress in research as a whole this year besides this interesting paper.
@@maxibear9802 "during a theoretical acceleration or deacceleration period, so maybe during those periods, when the bubble is below the 1c mark, it would only emit gravitational waves then?" Yes, I think that's true. The thing is, I don't think it is ever possible to go above the 1c mark, and I think the fact that the waves are emitted by the process further lends evidence to that fact. If you can't emit waves that proceed the bubble, it shouldn't work.
From my understanding, Alcubierre drives kinda fold up space-time in front of it and poke through to go FTL. What if the warp bubbles only happen when the vessel "pokes" through the folds of space that it travels through?
@@TPixelAdventures I've never heard the "pokes through" description before, and I don't think it is accurate. I believe it is usually described more like surfing. In either case, that doesn't solve the issue. If the Alcubierre drive folds up space in front of it, that is a cause and effect: the drive activates, and the space, some distance away/in front, folds as a response. The speed of light is the speed of causality. You can't have a cause and effect relationship occur that travels faster than light. So the fastest the next chunk of space in front of the drive can become folded is at the speed of light. It therefore shouldn't be able to travel faster than light because it can't tell the space in front of it to become folded any faster than that.
Cool video thank you. I think we have many things to learn in the future. Why Galaxys keep together at the outer regions and still fast circling or the 3 body problem. The Warp Drive in Startrek is powered by Antimatter Energy production, maybe thats the way .)
This assumes the warp bubble bursts like a soap bubble. It could dissipate similar to a change in density without emanating a gravitational wave. Without knowing anything about the exotic matter, it’s impossible to know if it would escape upon stopping. This is an interesting thought experiment though.
Right? I was thinking that you would power it down - not just shut it off with a pop - bleed away the energy smoothly, and perhaps even recycle the residual somehow.
That's why he's saying they're using the case of catastrophic collapse. You turn it off like you're saying, and there's no episode here. A catastrophic collapse is at least feasible and is one of the most feasible ways to create a detectable signal. It's not the sole possible outcome, just the most interesting one from our point of view.
I'd expect a superluminal warp field collapse to immediately become a black hole. Matter can't normally surpass the speed of light and so superluminal matter would immediately be compacted against the causality speed limit. The matter would instantly be compressed into a singular point, a singularity.
Observer (particle, information, labradootle, etc): I'm gonna do something mathmatically possible! Universe: Lolz, go ahead! Hey everyone, new blackhole over here! Seems to be the Universe's way of hiding law-breakers.
One thing you're not understanding is that the matter itself inside of the warp bubble isn't moving at all. It is the space around it that's "transferring" the matter to a different spot in space. You'd feel little to no g-forces. That means matter isn't accelerating at superluminal speeds, in fact, it may not be moving at all. So this is a loophole around the speed limit and therefore this limit wouldn't apply. We still don't know what other laws of physics would prevent you from warping or "transferring" matter beyond the speed of light when this matter isn't moving at all inside of the warped space.
We can detect Gravitation wave from colliding black holes, barely anything smaller., I think we will have faster than light travel before we can detect it.
Just because can't travel through a wormhole doesn't mean you can't travel with trillions of wormholes opening and closing in front you creating a current flow of space time
It's exciting, I hope they use this to finally settle whether superposition is superposition or just sub plank objects moving at faster than c speeds, thus creating the illusion of being in multiple states that disappears when it interacts in a specific point in it's >c transitions.
I've been saying this since LIGO went online. Given that numerous high level people have described craft in our atmosphere moving at crazy velocities and turning at right angles, both visually, thermally and on radar, it's about time the scientific community did it's part looking a little closer to home instead of gazing hundreds or thousands of lightyears away and trying to detect life with a single interesting pixel.
There's a reason why UFOlogy started out in a time period well after the dawn of aircraft but also well before telescope, camera, and drone technology got as good as it did. Basically just people projecting their poor knowledge of what's possible with science onto aliens. This guy is pretty explicit about this mentality: why look at interesting pixels when we could look at shiny spacecraft, because it totally makes sense if your knowledge of technological progerssion game to a screeching halt after the 1970s that advanced aliens with FTL would physically fly into our atmosphere to take pictures!
@@maltheopia what uninformed nonsense is this?! Of course more eyeballs in the sky and sensors pointing at controlled airspace is going to increase sightings and data capture!
@@NeonVisual My point is, you aren’t capturing anything, because our vastly inferior technology to aliens nonetheless increasingly doesn’t require proximity to what’s being observed, and in any event our own surveillance craft keeps getting smaller and less intrusive over time. So you are telling me that ALIENS need to use primitive, inferior techniques like physically flying entire spacecraft to observe rather than just parking on Ceres and seeing individual pimples on a teenager’s face? That is only plausible if you project your own 70s-ass conception of technology into higher beings. In other words, you’re not observing aliens, and if they are out there, the field of UFOlogy is an insult to their intelligence.
FTL physics gets insane really fast. Let's say someone from Proxima Centauri shot a grain of salt at our moon at 2c. We would see the moon blow up for no reason and assuming we survive the blast, 2 years later we'd see this salt particle scream toward where the moon was, then disappear.
I think it all depends on how this FTL system works; if it leaks radiation or not. Well, to see it, it would have to. The points on the incoming salt's vector near the moon are closer to us than the ones from when it started. I think the moon would explode first, and a beam would instantly shoot away from the explosion towards the salt's origin. That's what you could watch for years, it going back.
Wouldn't we see the salt reversing backwards out of the moon? Sure it's moving at 2c, but right before it hits the moon it's still emitting light, so you would get a "replay" of the salts journey through space.
@@luayuahmed That's part of the insanity. You're right. It would appear to be both travelling back to the point of origin AND toward the moon simultaneously.
One of the reasons I love The Expanse books is the speed of light being non-negotiable is part of the fun of the science fiction aspect. It launches age of sail fiction to the stars 🌝
We can’t detect something we haven’t built a detector that could detect it. We are in the infancy of gravitational wave detection. As this field grows we will be discovering things we thought couldn’t exist given our current incomplete understanding of physics. Same thing that happens every time we expand our ability to observe the universe.
I absolutely love this series. I'd love to see you guys integrate Dewey Larson's recriprocal system of theories though, his unified physics theory is insanely accurate but it has almost no traction and i cannot understand why.
I'm glad to have lived through the first era of Gravitational Wave detectors.
I’ll be moderately happy if I live through the second era considering its planned for the early 2030s
The sixth era is gonna be off the chain
I'm glad I live in an era where I can ask questions and not be told it's magic or spirits.
The first wave, so to speak
@@VanBurenOfficial The WHAT
So this is how the Vulcans detected Zefram Cochrane's first Warp Vessel....
Love that he was drunk at the time.
@@oracleofdelphi4533 when i go faster than the speed of light for the first time intend to be good and drunk too.
They really missed an opportunity by not releasing this video on April 5th.
*Steppenwolf intensifies*
🖖🏻
Warp bubble collapse "probably very bad for the aliens but maybe good for us" 🤣🤣 7:25
I, for one, do not want to personally meet aliens with insanely-advanced technology. 😅
9:52 A spherical Klingon in a frictionless vacuum: "Moo."
Kor took offense to that.
But at what honor?
@@c187rocks Dahar Master. You need some pretty smooth lines for that kind of thrust calculation.
@@_Ben___ Get your own room. We booked the whole convention center.
Yeah. I had to slow that down to normal speed to make sure I heard that right.
majQa' petaQ
Love that "you didn't think I was gonna get there, did you" smirk at the end.
One of the few times I couldn't see it coming from a parsec away.
@@ThisOldSkater ???
@@YunxiaoChu He always closes with the words "space time". Usually you can see it coming.
@@test5093 I know. The way he was circling the drain on it was kinda funny this time.
@@ThisOldSkater yeah i was responding to the guy that didnt understand what your comment was referencing
As Douglas Adams once pointed out: Nothing travels faster than the speed of light with the possible exception of bad news, which obeys its own special laws.
Wouldn't that mean bad news are quantum entangled?
Warp is very bad news indeed. The gravitational waves do not propagate from a bubble forming or collapsing. Those waves resonate within the bubble until it is driven from the known universe. This is how you can avoid the negative mass requirement. Driving the bubble out of the known universe creates an equal negative mass at the core configuration of the drive. The current limiting factor in human engineering is material strength. Once we achieve materials that can access the liquid crystal super ocean in the mantle of the Earth and the core device activates we will be able to create a warp drive.
Warp drives would be plenty useful even if FTL travel would turn out to be impossible:
Being able to reach Trappist-1 in around 40 years instead of the 200 you would need with a light-sail would still be a huge improvement.
Douglas Warp Drive runs on bad news.
@@qdaniele97 Or Pluto in a few days.
But can we detect Ludicrous Speed?
Yes just look for the plaid stripe lol.
Underrated sci fi movie
Buckle this!
"Well, why don't we take a five minute break? Smoke if you got em..." *_thud_*
Yes, but only too late.
Alien civilization: gets a flat tire
Humanity (squinting through LIGO): gotcha.
Achieving "1% speed of the Sun" requires some truly exotic physics!
Mostly just a lot of fuel. Remember, in rockets and computing, if brute force isn’t working, you’re not using enough. lol
@@agreen9831lol
He must have meant mass, right?
@@fastend Yes, he meant mass. Still a funny thing to think about.
Ya, I had to stop & replay that bit to be sure I heard his mis-statement correctly
It's funny because in Star Trek they always say "detecting xyz warp signature".
Basically we can argue they have sensors on board that analyse the gravity waves of different warp technologies.
So you can scan for actual warp drives around you.
Now imagine this technology to measure these gravitational waves becomes so small it fits into a small device you can just have in your ship.
Similar to how big cameras were 100 years ago and now we have tiny sensors that are basically cameras the size of needle heads.
That's my head canon now.
Ah I love this about star trek. Same thing with phones. It used to be a big thing on the wall. Now it fits on your pocket and is a personal computer with access to mankinds collective knowledge, and your nephew will always ask if you have games on it.
*canon
It's doable with many mirrors and light bounces.
great addition to the conversation. if so technologically advanced, couldn’t they omit or at least minimize signatures?
nah warp signatures in star trek were detected from emmissions not gravitational effects. That's why they were able to identify most ships from a unique pattern produced by the warp coils. I don't think an interferometer would be able to detect gravitational distortions of this scale in my opinion.
This is my preferred Fermi solution.
A Lightspeed+ capable civilisation is spreading to the "home-like" planets of the universe. Because they can go Lightspeed+, communication is done by packet on couriers rather than radiowaves or other loud moving noise.
So they're a very quiet, pin point islands, type of civilisation.
We won't detect them until a scout ship appears in our solar system, and says "Hi, we weren't expecting anyone else"
Huh, now that is a thought.
Well hopefully we get those detectors that can detect higher frequencies as well as shorter lengths, then maybe we can at least see their treadmarks.
Alternatively, such civilisation could have FTL communication method. Until we reach similar level of development, we would be unable to even detect such communication happening. Just like a tribe of hunter-gatherers wouldn't be able to detect our radio waves.
No there is always someone who still uses Fax.
Imagine the alien
Profession: space courier👽
-Would you please sign on the dotted line sir? Thanks. Here's your pen-drive. Have a nice friday.
I remember getting mocked out of the "Cool Worlds" channel comments a few years ago, for suggesting we should figure out what warp bubbles would look like, if an alien species happens to be using them, and if we can observe them while we're looking at the universe. This episode makes me so happy to see people are working on that very idea.
Discovering gravitational waves was a very big deal and should lead to a lot of advances in understanding. Imagine Einstein having today’s observations and experiments to give him the next steps to work on. I think about this a lot. I think he’d have a lot of ideas like yours. I think he’d have a unified theory too
My goat 🐐
I am no where near a physicist or mathematician so I can’t understand the equations but thank you for putting these in a language I can at least follow.
14:22 , the speed of the sun? I think you meant the mass of the sun. Love the content btw, keep up the great work!
lol, I had to replay that because I thought I'd stroked out for a second.
@@stoptryingtomakemeusemynam7829 I think he intended to say "mass," as the closed captions accompanying that part of the video say "mass" if you turn them on
Matt's narration in this episode is weirdly truncated. I don't think he had time to prepare for this one and just had to read whatever the prompter said on the spot. That might cause errors like this.
Don’t take the speed of the sun out of context because he meant what he said and so just look at it as one giant compound word and it makes sense as he intended.
@@Mark-z6y7b "But 10% lightspeed requires a mass-energy equivalence of 1% the speed of the sun." It doesn't make sense because he's talking about a mass-energy equivalence, which requires an actual "mass-part". That doesn't exist here. It would make sense if he said "But 10% lightspeed requires a mass-energy equivalence of 1% the MASS of the sun." because then mass-energy equivalnce would make sense. And the subtitles of the video actualy say mass, I presume he misspoke. Feel free to correct me tho, I may be missing smth.
When space time posts, I'm there
when space time posts, I've already come and gone
At warp factor 9.
Just because you can't travel through a wormhole doesn't mean you can't travel with a wormhole opening and closing creating a space time current flow 🌌
and 45 minutes later, so am I.
There space time posts, I'm when.
It makes feel proud to know there are people out there working on such complex topics. Thank you!
I'd like to propose the Laser Interferometer for Gravitational Mass Analysis, LIGMA
I hope Congress approves the Garglon too
@@Giantcrabz Garglon?
@@Valgween......gargle on deez nuts.
LIGMA should be able to detect balls of warped space with great ease.
😂😂😂😂 you sir won the interwebs
The fact that we have so few ideas about what we’ll see when we make a high frequency gravitational wave detector makes me want one even more!
This is the subject I was interested in as a teenager. I wanted to get a PhD in physics and invent warp drive. I am a trekkie, so... I was fascinated in engineering, physics, and astronomy as a child.
Let me guess, you failed at high school physics and now you are flipping burgers at Wendys.
And we ended up throwing those dreams in the trash so we could survive in this capitalistic hellscape
@@BiconneccFACTTSSSS
@@Biconnecc what are you talking about, you can get a Ph.D in physics even in this capitalist hellscape. Sounds like you were too lazy to pursue it.
Vs your communist paradise
I had read years ago that the "WOW! SIGNAL", of the '70s was early on speculated to be just this.
The notion of which really filled me with a lot of fascination and made my imagination go nuts!
speed of the sun ❤
the subtitles correct this: it's "mass of the sun"
我是中国的观众，非常感谢关于理论物理，弦理论，黑洞，引力的技术运用方面的当前研究解读，非常有启发性和幽默的见地，一段段深入兔子洞，而重返俗世的快乐，尽管有时很沉重
I ordered the Higgs boson merch from Serbia. Still hyped for it to come!
I got mine already and let me tell you: it’s really nice
Hope yours arrives soon
this is sure the best time to be living in, just think how much information we normal people have access to, which would be a dream for a scientists back then, thank you for explaining such a complex thing in a very easy way
So true. And all for free on a youtube channel.
Greets from Finland, you guys are doing great job!
If we don't know what mass is how do we know negative mass doesn't exist. What about dark energy what about like charge's repelling what about heat flowing away from bodies
... can you send us better snipers?
Perkele!
16:05 we can use a multi frequency series of satellites to map the galaxy and more. If we get a fuller picture we see more colors and someday we will discover a way to travel the stars. For example we all use GPS/ maps to find that new tasty restaurant to take the family too.
FTL is a great indie game btw.
Pipaluk my hero
It is AMAZING!! Been playing it for years!!
From like 30 years ago of the much more recent one?
Love the music too
If anyone feel like they're done with basegame the Multiverse mod adds a ton of content (hundreds of hours). It's FTLs equivalent to the Enderal mod for Skyrim, a total conversion of the game.
Wonderful content as always.
Very much an aside, but love the improvements on the merch side of things! My preferred way to support.
I enjoy these trains of thought. I think it's similar to reverse engineering, except we don't have the craft in front of us yet.
Love that I just finished watching Contact on here for free and this is immediately on my feed. Perfect!
Yes, this video had me recalling the movie, Contact. I should watch it again.
First Contact: warp signature.
LISA got approved?!?! :D
WOOOOH!!
Typo at 14:11 01.c instead of 0.1c
Misspoke at 14:21 "10% of the speed of the sun" instead of "mass of the sun"
Much like charge-parity-time symmetries, negative solutions and even expectations on how we believe the universe works (Hi, Doc!) broadens our understanding of the fabric of reality.
Great explanatory report! Thanks!
Oooooo, I love linking back to past videos. Keeps the train going
Oh my god this is so exciting I was just at the LISA symposium in dublin last week!! Wow from being a kid watching this to seeing some of the stuff im working on oh my god I cant describe how this feels.
It's pretty amazing how being able to experience cutting edge technology can feel so good.
Bro is a main character
Oh, boy did you sum it up life concisely;
"... would rather be in some other patch of Space-Time..."
Question:
If spaceship with FTL capabilities dropped below event horizon of black hole, would it be able to escape?
depends how deep it went. Of course it cant pass through the center, there will be so much pressure the very subatomic particles would be crushed. We also don't know if physics as we understand the work below the horizon so your ship might just stop working the moment it crosses. Also the event horizon forms when the escape velocity is above c. But that does not mean it stop growing as you go along, if at the horizon its c, a few meters (if they exist at all beyond the horizon) below would be say 1.5c. If your ship can travel at or faster than 1.5c then it can enter the horizon, pass a meter below it and leave, but if it falls say 2 meters, then it will be dragged down to its destruction.
Personally, I think these two hypotheses are interlinked. FTL travel could use “black holes” to their advantage
I've often wondered whether that would be possible, assuming an Alcubierre drive is possible in the first place.
If the negative energy version is somehow possible. Wouldn't the ability to create a sufficient quantity of negative energy/exotic matter with negative mass be equivalent to being able to create anti-gravity? And therefore partially reverse the insane spacetime curvature caused by a black hole?
I'm sure someone with a better understanding of physics than my Dunning Kruger level understanding can tell me why I am completely wrong haha.
Assuming it’s made of ordinary matter, it takes an infinite amount of time to cross an event horizon. So, even if we ignore all the complications and it were somehow able to pop back out intact, it probably wouldn’t pop back out into anything resembling the current universe.
@@8__vv__8 I don't think your reasoning applies to traveling under warp / in bubble.
Yay 29 seconds fresh new episode my lucky day.
I always looked down on those circle-wave Alcubierre drive visualizations. Gimme some stretched-chewing-gum-Space-Time!!
Happy to see a fresh Space Time video Matt. Already happy today, as the Space Time glow in the dark Higgs design t shirt I ordered arrived here (in the UK) this morning, and is fun to activate with my UV flashlight. 😄
ScienceClic AND PBS Spacetime on the same day? I feel blessed.
My favourite astronomy presenter!
Fascinating!
Yessss!!! I finally get another Banger! pin to put on my pin board :D Hopefully the pin goes through the card, allowing me to keep it on.
Thank you Matt, and team for the Awesome videos. Doesn't matter what I'm doing, when you call I answer! lol
When I saw the notification, I got here faster than light.
You would have arrived before receiving the notification.
@@PhysiKarlz Cool, right? But the video would still be up, considering TH-cam's notification algo took time to notify me that the video had been posted.
@@An_American_Man It's a joke about moving faster than light (causality).
NOT SCIENTIFICALLY POSSIBLE ✋🤓🤚
@@PhysiKarlz, I'm entirely aware. Although it wasn't really a joke about causality because it wouldn't have changed the fact that I did, in fact, see the notification along my causal timeline as an "observer".
11:09 “We’ve all been there.” Don’t even get me started on the last time 🙄😄
Just the evening before I head to holidays, I get this video that will get me dreaming and sleep tight.
I can't sleep imagining how an invisible FTL ship approaches...
I don't understand three quarters of what this man is saying but I watch every show anyway. I love it when I do get some of it lol..
Alien Warp Bubble will be the name of my next world-conquering rock group. Thanks for that.
You will you will warp us
🤘🏻
That will require at distortion pedal that has negative mass....
I just realized: Alex owns the " Astrum" channel too, what a smart man, good for him, putting that physics PhD to good work, salutations.
Bubble Bombs. Sounds like a great weapon.
Yeek. Sounds like the new mass driver.
Seems like a fun idea. If this worked you could send information faster than light, because you don't need to care about the bubbles, you can just cause gravitational waves appear at a point in spacetime you want, and encode information in that.
people only know Alcubierre for his warp drive paper, but future generations will know him for his amazing introductory book on 3+1 formulations of numerical relativity
a book on what?
@@onedeadsaintNot a physicist but I think I can explain this one. It means numerical relativity simulations (like were discussed in this episode) in 3 + 1 (3 space, 1 time) dimensional space time like the one we actually live in, as opposed to the 2+1 space time in the simulations shown in the episode.
IIRC he actually hit on this "warp drive" concept while investigating the 3+1 formulation chapter from the Misner-Thorne-Wheeler's book.
@@JanPBtest Wheeler as in John Wheeler? Man, that guy was everywhere.
okay, did respect this site, but this is the kind of thing I expect from PBS
It's within our technological grasp to detect something which almost certainly doesn't exist.
Exciting, indeed.
For myself, I just enjoy listening to Matt say "warp field" and being completely serious.
Peer-reviewd sci-fi fanfiction.
Thank you for the update regarding this interesting study. Even though such things may be impossible, I hope we manage to give a listen for a warp drive one day. After all, how many times has humanity been wrong about what's possible?
God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)
The GSV **Fate Amenable to Change** sending its ripples through the Skein over here…
This comment has a gravitas deficit.
these videos are my go to watch-while-eating videos
The only problem of being faster than light is that you can only live in darkness :/
so the same as always?
Just turn your cabin lights on
If M=M'/sqrt(1-V²/C²) then mass with V greater than C means M is imaginary. I don't know how real mass and energy would react with imaginary mass, mass×sqrt(-1)
Goths are gonna invent it now
It's a funny quote but that's not how a warp ship would work.
Finally! Somebody finally is convincing LIGO detectors to look at shorter period phenomena. Huzzah!
while gravitational wave detection will be absolutely required for Warp and artificial gravity calibration and operation, one of the upshots of the Alcubierre system is that activating and deactivating the drive will redshift and blueshift enough light to generate intense bursts of hard rads. which will be very detectable to sensors we have now, and will likely require specific filghtpaths for FTL launch and arrival.
in other words, we should also be looking for likely bursts of hard radiation in other star systems that correspond to likely space traffic behavior
Well, that's the Alcubierre Torpedo invented. Fry one hemisphere of your target planet by braking ten million klicks short of it, so that by the time you've trundled up to it the atmospheric shock waves will have travelled multiple times around the planet trashing the other half. Take a bunch of sensor readings to determine whether it's going to be worth sending a mining vessel later to extract resources from the rubble, then power up the drive and head for your next target.
@@RichWoods23 space traffic control will have to take a no-tolerance stance on anyone in the wrong spacelane
I really like the way your mind works.
Why focus solely on a ships large enough to carry people? There could be tons of packet ships that do nothing but carry data and could be exceptionally small but would be quite useful, still, if they run regular routes on a schedule. Granted, they'd be harder to detect.
Like the space communication system is mass effect
waves carry data just fine
Because you have to focus on something when you're limited on resources, so why would you add unnecessary speculations
@@andreys7729at the piddly light speed. Imagine flash drives that go 10x c.
Like space UberEats? good idea.
The "u" in Miguel is mute. Same as in "que" (what). This is one of the few exceptions in spanish, the u is used muted in a few combinations. Also the last e in Alcubierre sounds exactly like the previous one. We only have one sound for each letter. Our writting sounds exactly the same as speaked.(again, very few exceptions apply)
Super professional and informative video, as always!
0:06 “Whoop drives”?!! 😂
Adorable. Listening to it on repeat!
I've been thinking about this for a while and am gla you guys decided to cover it
The idea of an accelerating warp bubble creating gravitational waves further cements my belief that faster than light warp bubbles are not possible. If an accelerating warp bubble creates gravitational waves, and gravitational waves move at the speed of light, then it shouldn't be possible for the source of the generation of the waves to overtake them. How can a warp drive communicate to space in front of it that the space in front of the ship should be warped, except through light or gravitational waves or some other massless particle? If the means by which to warp space in front of the ship is limited to the speed of light, then it is impossible to get the communication to warp space to the next increment in front of the bubble any faster than the speed of light. Lentz even admits this in his paper, if I understand it right. He says that it is possible for a warp bubble to exist, and to travel faster than the speed of light in a self-propagating geometry, however he says that there is no means for this bubble to accelerate or decelerate to and from superluminal speeds. So a faster than light bubble mathematically works if it already exists, but there's no way to get there. And once there, there's no way to stop it.
The idea of a subliminal warp bubble is much more feasible, and I'm glad the example used was a speed of 10% c.
If i recall correctly he does say in the video that these gravitational waves would emit during a theoretical acceleration or deacceleration period, so maybe during those periods, when the bubble is below the 1c mark, it would only emit gravitational waves then? I'm no expert so this is just a random guess lol, I hope PBS makes another warp drive video simply going over the progress in research as a whole this year besides this interesting paper.
@@maxibear9802 "during a theoretical acceleration or deacceleration period, so maybe during those periods, when the bubble is below the 1c mark, it would only emit gravitational waves then?"
Yes, I think that's true. The thing is, I don't think it is ever possible to go above the 1c mark, and I think the fact that the waves are emitted by the process further lends evidence to that fact. If you can't emit waves that proceed the bubble, it shouldn't work.
From my understanding, Alcubierre drives kinda fold up space-time in front of it and poke through to go FTL.
What if the warp bubbles only happen when the vessel "pokes" through the folds of space that it travels through?
@@TPixelAdventures I've never heard the "pokes through" description before, and I don't think it is accurate. I believe it is usually described more like surfing.
In either case, that doesn't solve the issue. If the Alcubierre drive folds up space in front of it, that is a cause and effect: the drive activates, and the space, some distance away/in front, folds as a response. The speed of light is the speed of causality. You can't have a cause and effect relationship occur that travels faster than light. So the fastest the next chunk of space in front of the drive can become folded is at the speed of light. It therefore shouldn't be able to travel faster than light because it can't tell the space in front of it to become folded any faster than that.
@@Beldizar hmmm, must be some other ftl theory drive that i remember then.
Thanks for the explanations!
Cool video thank you. I think we have many things to learn in the future. Why Galaxys keep together at the outer regions and still fast circling or the 3 body problem. The Warp Drive in Startrek is powered by Antimatter Energy production, maybe thats the way .)
This assumes the warp bubble bursts like a soap bubble. It could dissipate similar to a change in density without emanating a gravitational wave. Without knowing anything about the exotic matter, it’s impossible to know if it would escape upon stopping. This is an interesting thought experiment though.
Right? I was thinking that you would power it down - not just shut it off with a pop - bleed away the energy smoothly, and perhaps even recycle the residual somehow.
That's why he's saying they're using the case of catastrophic collapse. You turn it off like you're saying, and there's no episode here. A catastrophic collapse is at least feasible and is one of the most feasible ways to create a detectable signal.
It's not the sole possible outcome, just the most interesting one from our point of view.
Great to learn of Alcubierre's mexican heritage, and finally his name's correct pronunciation. Have heard Alcubier for years! Nice job.
not perfect though - he said Alcubierr-ee and it should be more like Alcubierr-ay (as in Santa *Fe*)
I'd expect a superluminal warp field collapse to immediately become a black hole. Matter can't normally surpass the speed of light and so superluminal matter would immediately be compacted against the causality speed limit. The matter would instantly be compressed into a singular point, a singularity.
Observer (particle, information, labradootle, etc): I'm gonna do something mathmatically possible!
Universe: Lolz, go ahead! Hey everyone, new blackhole over here!
Seems to be the Universe's way of hiding law-breakers.
lol
One thing you're not understanding is that the matter itself inside of the warp bubble isn't moving at all. It is the space around it that's "transferring" the matter to a different spot in space. You'd feel little to no g-forces. That means matter isn't accelerating at superluminal speeds, in fact, it may not be moving at all. So this is a loophole around the speed limit and therefore this limit wouldn't apply. We still don't know what other laws of physics would prevent you from warping or "transferring" matter beyond the speed of light when this matter isn't moving at all inside of the warped space.
@@ht3k If I'm reading him correctly I think he means the space you are in would get blackhole levels of small if you tried to go FTL.
Slowly power down the field and dissipate the warp field.... not collapse it...
Love that new intro, very clever
We can detect Gravitation wave from colliding black holes, barely anything smaller., I think we will have faster than light travel before we can detect it.
Just because can't travel through a wormhole doesn't mean you can't travel with trillions of wormholes opening and closing in front you creating a current flow of space time
But can we presently detect our future FTL ships traveling out there?
@@andreys7729not unless they figured out how to time travel
It's exciting, I hope they use this to finally settle whether superposition is superposition or just sub plank objects moving at faster than c speeds, thus creating the illusion of being in multiple states that disappears when it interacts in a specific point in it's >c transitions.
I've been saying this since LIGO went online. Given that numerous high level people have described craft in our atmosphere moving at crazy velocities and turning at right angles, both visually, thermally and on radar, it's about time the scientific community did it's part looking a little closer to home instead of gazing hundreds or thousands of lightyears away and trying to detect life with a single interesting pixel.
There's a reason why UFOlogy started out in a time period well after the dawn of aircraft but also well before telescope, camera, and drone technology got as good as it did.
Basically just people projecting their poor knowledge of what's possible with science onto aliens. This guy is pretty explicit about this mentality: why look at interesting pixels when we could look at shiny spacecraft, because it totally makes sense if your knowledge of technological progerssion game to a screeching halt after the 1970s that advanced aliens with FTL would physically fly into our atmosphere to take pictures!
@@maltheopia what uninformed nonsense is this?!
Of course more eyeballs in the sky and sensors pointing at controlled airspace is going to increase sightings and data capture!
@@NeonVisual My point is, you aren’t capturing anything, because our vastly inferior technology to aliens nonetheless increasingly doesn’t require proximity to what’s being observed, and in any event our own surveillance craft keeps getting smaller and less intrusive over time.
So you are telling me that ALIENS need to use primitive, inferior techniques like physically flying entire spacecraft to observe rather than just parking on Ceres and seeing individual pimples on a teenager’s face?
That is only plausible if you project your own 70s-ass conception of technology into higher beings. In other words, you’re not observing aliens, and if they are out there, the field of UFOlogy is an insult to their intelligence.
11:05 that is Kerbin
FTL physics gets insane really fast.
Let's say someone from Proxima Centauri shot a grain of salt at our moon at 2c.
We would see the moon blow up for no reason and assuming we survive the blast, 2 years later we'd see this salt particle scream toward where the moon was, then disappear.
"really fast"
Faster than light, I presume?
I think it all depends on how this FTL system works; if it leaks radiation or not.
Well, to see it, it would have to. The points on the incoming salt's vector near the moon are closer to us than the ones from when it started. I think the moon would explode first, and a beam would instantly shoot away from the explosion towards the salt's origin. That's what you could watch for years, it going back.
hmm... I would expect it to hit the moon, and then we would see the proton moving into the direction from where it came.
Wouldn't we see the salt reversing backwards out of the moon? Sure it's moving at 2c, but right before it hits the moon it's still emitting light, so you would get a "replay" of the salts journey through space.
@@luayuahmed That's part of the insanity. You're right. It would appear to be both travelling back to the point of origin AND toward the moon simultaneously.
"1% speed of the Sun" was the highlight of the episode, no offence just love to see smart people mess up at times too xD
Love the show and the Content
One of the reasons I love The Expanse books is the speed of light being non-negotiable is part of the fun of the science fiction aspect. It launches age of sail fiction to the stars 🌝
Totally yes. And remember: don't splatter yourself against the back wall of your ship!
Though they do manage to get around it with wormholes in a very creative way
Absolutely killin' it with the limited merch!
Maybe I missed it, but is there anything non-alien that could produce gravitational waves with that high of a frequency? 300 kHz
Primordial black hole antics, possibly some processes in neutron stars and white dwarfs. Ringdown from large black hole mergers.
LISA made me jump out of my seat...COOL!!!!!
The nice Celtic face is the best way to end a busy day.
normal thing to say
I've been waiting for this topic for a long time.
Came here faster than light
I appreciate the study's title, calling back to Star Trek. :)
You don't detect it because it doesn't exist.
thats what the Simulation Devs want you to know
Just like your brain cells
We can’t detect something we haven’t built a detector that could detect it. We are in the infancy of gravitational wave detection. As this field grows we will be discovering things we thought couldn’t exist given our current incomplete understanding of physics. Same thing that happens every time we expand our ability to observe the universe.
@@karanaima That was unnecessarily rude. I'm going to tell your mom. Tonight.
"Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence”
I absolutely love this series. I'd love to see you guys integrate Dewey Larson's recriprocal system of theories though, his unified physics theory is insanely accurate but it has almost no traction and i cannot understand why.
I like this idea and hope they get a chance to test it.
Great another Trisolaris episode
Bonus points for using the 2001 space station! 👍
Love this channel - loved it more when there was less merch and more q&a
The channel has to eat, bro.
@@terfalicious 3 mil subs and a big patreon, bro theyre eating caviar on yachts by now.
Imagine activating such a higher-frequency-listening detector and it's popping all around ... a man can dream!
في المستقبل البعيد وبفضل التكنولوجيا المتقدمة سوف يتساوى الخيال مع الواقع ويمتلك الإنسان قوى الآلهة ليحول الكون والأكوان المتعددة إلى جنة خالدة ❤
This is actually really exciting
0:50 the voice crack got me 😂
Great video! You've made such good content for a long time, that my school reccomend your channel during the rona.
PBS Space Time here we go, time for Space 😀👍