@Gaske Learsi correct English grammatical structure: “As am I.” It’s simply a more formal construction with which younger speakers of English are often not familiar. Notice how my follow up sentence avoids a dangling participle? That’s another example of formal English grammar one does not often hear anymore.
← 2.8% Neanderthal, 0.2% Denisovan. A fantastic journey into my genetic past and where I come from thanks to scientists of the unique caliber of Prof. Svante Pääbo. _Lo, there do I see the line of my people, back to the beginning!_ A precious gift that is not to be taken away anymore. Thanks for uploading, UCTV.
YOOOOOO "Lo, there do I see the line of my people..." GREAT REFERENCE!!! Perfect topic for it too. Vikings vs. Cavemen is such a great concept, 13 Warriors is one of the most badass movies ever.
This guy's kids must love him to read stories at bedtime. He has such a calming, musical voice. Great presenter for such data rich, dry material. He makes it interesting!
I have read some works of Paabo. I always tell everyone DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH. There are tons of people who love to throw their opinions around as if they were facts. If you're an honest scientist or person, first thing you do is PROVIDE THE SOURCE OF YOUR KNOWLEDGE. If you say, for example, that bonobos and chimps cannot mix, where did you get that info? Scientists like Paabo tell you clearly where and how they got their knowledge, and deserve respect. What he presents today may be superseded or improved tomorrow, but in the meantime he is doing his best and honest work.
i gave the readers where I got mu information. As you say, "do your own research." Research the Seminarian Tablets. There's a tone of information on TH-cam, a good place to start is with Graham Hancock. A rive to your own conclusion based on what you find.
Honesty Fenix: there is knowledge of experience. For years I always understood that mules are not fertile. Then on you tube ( in these programs ) I heard that the female mule can get pregnant (exceptions of course). I imagined farmers always knew of it, but who listens to yokels. The same story between Neanderthals and sapiens. I always read about archeology and anthropology and took this for granted. Now the story has changed-they met and procreated and their DNA appears in modern Italians and others (in Tuscany, 5%.. I wonder if the Renaissance in Tuscany was due to that. I am kidding of course but you never know. Science is beautiful and full of mysteries which are revealed at times by accident and takes everybody by surprivpse
Thanks very much to Dr. Paabo for sharing with the public at large. I've watched several of these videos and find them informative, easy to follow, and fascinating. Thanks very much to the good doctor, his colleagues who also contributed, and to the people who decided to put this video out in public forum.
It's a more interesting lecture than a movie. If further studies of the Homo erectus gene in Africa and Asia are conducted, more information about the origins of mankind will be available.
This presentation is really terrific, in that it can be understood by a non-academic person like me. I have found Neanderthals interesting from my early adolescence when being different made me consider the bias against "being different". Early on I had compassion for theory expressing a bush progeneragion of human evolution, rather than a direct line from chimp to modern humans. Now, instead of just having a feeling that the "bush" makes more sense, than a "direct line" is made a reality by the additional information from DNA sequencing. Of course, more findings spur more questions. Thanks for all those who work for further understanding.
Probably one of the most interesting presentations on evolution from a genetic viewpoint. I look forward to hearing more. Denisovans and the late survival of Erectus seems to support paleo discoveries with hybrid traits. The contribution to medical science with the identification of genes responsible for disease or genetic mutations is just icing on the cake. Well done.
Yes, and don't forget organs transplant rejection caused by protein tied to some genes acquired or not squired from Neanderthal or other early hominids. Note how this is verified with Africans who do not have Neantherdal, Denisovan or out of africa Erectus gene. Add to that the admission that species is a human construct and no valid definition of it exist. Then it's clear Africans are the most remote of human groups. If you listen carefully to the parts on neurons and proteins inherited from Neantherdal, there is a biological cause behind certain form of human intelligence tied to cognitive skills not found among other apes and found at lower levels in africans who do not have neanderthal genes. Reality disagrees with the politically correct. Racism is not a pejorative distinction or prejudice, it is the admission of these differences backed by reality. Racism does not preclude prejudice. Recognizing differences in abilities is not a prejudice. Putting people in a situation where that difference affects their lives is a prejudice. You cannot expect both groups to perform the same which is why every group deserves to live in its own adapted environment and not in a mixed society.
@@goognamgoognw6637 I much prefer living in a mixed society. Life is so much richer in every way. I grew up in a very white bread environment and while it was comfortable and pleasant -- for me -- I've experienced so much more throughout life in more diverse surroundings. In the words of an old song, "I wouldn't trade nothing for my journey now."
@@kathleenmckenzie6261 your post sounds like a product review in a consumerism society. Melting pots are destructive of group identity and cultures. Usa is the perfect example, no culture but consumerism, people live in a constant clash between communities that hate each other and it's nobody's fault, only the natural course when different incompatible groups are forced to live together. Then a ruling pseudo elite minority takes advantage of the situation for themselves by trying to blame one group for the ineptitude of the other which is pure evolutionary conflict. Put hyenas with lions and expect them to live in one society, they will always be apart. No, vibrant culture countries with a strong identity and trust among people are homogeneous. If you were bored by your white upbringing it's because they already had lost their european roots.
@@goognamgoognw6637 I like to think my experience trumps your opinion, however reasoned it may be. Not everyone in the USA participates in "rampant consumerism." There is no single culture; there are many cultures. Just as most major religions teach some aspects of forgiveness and compassion, so most cultures share some positive traits. We love our children and want the best for them. We value family ties. We all develop rites and celebrations marking the seasons of life. Over the long haul of history, cultures and ethnicities have met, clashed, and eventually come to some accommodation with each other. At right around 250 years old, I like to think the USA is still learning and growing. We're in a rough patch right now, but I like to think, as Abraham Lincoln once said, the angels of our better nature will prevail. That is what I continue to work toward.
Very useful lecture for the lay person interested in science and trying to understand genetics. Confusion arises constantly when he calls Homo sapiens before mixing with other species "modern humans". I understand that the ones he is talking about are the original humans [Homo sapiens] and the mix of them with other ones outside of Africa resulted in "modern human".
@Margaret Satya Rose you see, these self important types are the most racist people. So much so, that they infact do not see their own ignorance washing over the perspective they've accepted for themselves. Berkeley is corrupted with subverts and a nihil minded degeneration.
@@theneighborguy most pf the people everywhere are. There is no such thing as racism only implanted in ones mind. All living is of color. Every so-called culture has light, medium, dark skin and freckled. In living color! It truely is ignorance when most follow it or simply drilled in their heads from youth or literally enforced. One must think for one self with eyes wide open.
@Sharon Quebral bs You don't need lessons on morality to know right from wrong. You don't need lessons in the throes of empathy to understand how treating people respectfully is the right thing to do. You force the prism of color and project it onto others as if it is the only possible truth. That is some un-empathetical cereal you're eating in front of everyone. You don't have to spit it up also; we see you. However I understand the natural gag reflex and would forgive you for not being able to contain such a gross non- self realizing point of reference. You're living the forced narrative that you're preaching at others about. A self-fulfilling prophecy. You make the dixiecrats proud!
I read Dr. Elizabeth Kolbet book " The sixth extinction" on the Kindle last year and was really impressed. She mentions Dr. Svente Paabo and his research and genome sequencing, what a historical breakthrough. But now that I have seen him addressing, I really find him very smart eg. tall, gentlemanly and a genuine geneticist. I did also hear Dr.Elizabeth Kolbert lecture. But her book was more impressive because when you read all men who are mentioned carrying out the research have a mystery surrounding them. We are curious to know who these research scientists are, and when we hear them we are so much struck by their personalities/ opinions. Great work being carried out at the Max Plank institute in Evolutionary Anthropology and genetics.
If indigenous populations of the Americas have been traced to Asia it would be very interesting to check if Aztecs, Incas, etc...have any Neanderthal genes.
@@EdenSophia118 please stop it with Enoch already! Please. These are scientists. Don't tell people to "go read Enoch". Why should they? If you have some point to make about Enoch, what is it? "Go read Thomas the Tank Engine" would be equally helpful.
Great presentation...I just can't get enough information on Neanderthal. I knew, there was some Neanderthal in us. Common sense, when groups of humans meet they interbreed. I am so happy they didn't die out. After living for 300,000 years, (maybe more) it would have been so sad. They live in us for as long as we do. I am waiting impatiently for the next discovery concerning Neanderthal and other archaic civilizations. Thank you so much for sharing this video.
Have you read the book series written by Jean M Auel? It's about neanderthals and modern humans coexisting in the same region. Fiction based on non-academic research.
@@EdenSophia118 Nonsense. The people who wrote that book had absolutely no idea of the existence of Neanderthals or their origin. Just magical stories.
People are people. We're all different, but we're all people. I believe so called "Neandethals" were people, no different than we are as people. Some people because of the difference they tried to make and taught about them in relation to the 'evolutionary' origins of people, would like to differentiate themselves from their earlier characterisation. Now that they found some of their forefathers were dipping in the Neanderthal poonahnny, the narrative begins to change.. Since Neanderthal DNA is showing up in the genealogy, evidence of some mixing/sexing between them and "more evolved" humans. I notice more scientific articles on the benefits, of Neanderthal "genes" and how it made those who inherited them better humans. Scientists Identify Neanderthal Genes in Modern Human www.sci-news.com/othersciences/anthropology/science-neanderthal-genes-modern-human-dna-01734.html "We found evidence that Neanderthal skin genes made Europeans and East Asians more evolutionarily fit, and that other Neanderthal genes were apparently incompatible with the rest of the modern ... www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2599854/Europeans-closer-Neanderthals-thought-Ancient-DNA-humans-species-interbreeding-outside-Africa.html Neanderthal genetics - Wikipedia en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal_genetics Interbreeding with modern humans. It is suggested that 20 percent of Neanderthal DNA survived in modern humans, notably expressed in the skin, hair and diseases of modern people. Modern human genes involved in making keratin-the protein found in skin, hair, and nails-have specially high levels of Neanderthal DNA.
I found the difference on the spine curvature angle fascinating that Neantherdal had more straight spines, and neanderthal genes are present in europeans but not in africans. This can be observed directly on the anatomy of africans, their butts always stick out because of the increased curvature angle. It does not matter if thin or fat, child or old, male or female, this is universally noticeable in all Africans and it confirms the research. It's an untold reality. The question of the function of a more curved spine has been tied to the ability to climb trees and jump higher. This explains basketball.
African Homo Sapiens, apparently, were the sexiest hominids on the planet. They interbred with all of the other hominids until everyone was a homo sapien.
@@thomasjackson2223 no, it becomes evident that homo sapiens is an artificial language construct and that those who stayed in africa (africans) and did not mix with at least 4 other hominids : neanderthal, denisovan, out of africa homo erectus and the 4th mysterious one mentioned in this lecture, are missing proteins tied to neural network development, cognitive functions. When added together the genome of neanderthal present in out of africa population today (not africans) is at least 20% of the neanderthal genome, he said possibly 40% (altough all of it never present at the same time in a single individual). That clearly establishes a huge difference between europeans + asians and africans. Add to this that species is an artificial construct and we should be talking about different modern hominids when comparing africans to non africans. As this research advances i am sure one day we will, when people are ready to admit that racism is not inherently pejorative, only what you make of it matters. If racism was pejorative we would 'a forciori' eradicate all other species on earth but we don't, we recognize the need for different natural habitats for different species, so they may all thrive. This is the positive way to embrace racism. The negative way is what we are doing forcing them to live together in a melting pot in the habitat molded by the dominant hominid that will always favor one at the expense of the other. Furthermore it is better to keep pockets of highly differentiated hominids than to try to homogenize it all in a globalized habitat.
I find I can speed most videos up 25% if it's Americans talking , If it's southern states Americans I can speed them up 50%. Like increasing my useful lifespan . 😁
Loved it. I have long been curious about our true history, as opposed to the one we are supposed to have had. It has always seemed to me we thought about this question the wrong way. Now we have this powerful tool, genetics, we can look at this question in a way never possible before.
@@T-aka-T it isn't quite like that we just want to rub things in just before the end buddy & the end is very near thats all do you mind if I call you Neada ?
@@davidmorrill2943 That's quite an imagination you've got there, my friend. Got me thinking, so I googled "singing mice," but the singing mice on the videos I checked out didn't sound much like either Caruso or Aretha. The singing mice I heard sounded more like Celine Dion doing her impression of Justin Bieber singing on crack after snagging one of his testicles in the zipper of his pants. But I suppose that's still pretty darn good for a mouse!
Get lecture. Svante has jokes. Even though I see this 7 yrs after he spoke what is excellent is how he leads from his work on Homo hybridization to the studies influenced by it. He gives just enough info about each study as to understand it's outcomes. It's a great survey of work on the cutting edge of archaic genetic speciation.
Species or race is a matter of semantics completely subjective. Theres lots of species of animals that can successfully breed with no negative effects some actual positive effects.
@@danielfinch362 Although the scientific definition of species is complex, and for many animals it is also often difficult and complex for scientists to decide where to draw the line (between species; between different subspecies of a species; and between a species and a subspecies)... it is NOT just "semantics completely subjective" that human beings are all one species. There are ZERO reputable expert scientists who would say that any "tribe" of human beings is a different species from another "tribe"! That we are all one species is neither subjective nor a mere matter of semantics. (Except: a subjective person could deny that accepted scientific truth, and "semantic" means "about the meaning of words". And yes, Pääbo dodges the question about Neanderthals and modern humans. But he would not do so about two groups of modern humans!
no, no group or "tribe" of modern human beings is of a different species from any other living human group or "tribe"! We are all one species. (and Pääbo would agree despite his little dodge about Neanderthals and modern human)
Around 1:03 a woman brought up the therory of Neandertal technology, I wasn't to keen on Svante's response. Neandertal community had it's creative evolution just as Cro Magnon or how did they flint spear heads and cutting tools or tan animal hides for clothing. I have a feeling Neandertal population started dwindling, therefore less creative individuals.
The Neanderthals not only invented the spearhead, they invented clothing, waterproofing of clothing, the first industrial strength adhesive, and possibly even written language. Our Neanderthal cousins were no idiots. The Mousterian represents the first higher culture of human beings and represents a true breaking away from Homo erectus.
You’re applying cultural relativism with your rose tinted glasses. There is very little evidence that Neanderthals were smart enough to have a technological revolution
What about the impact of female pelvic shape in relation to skull shape on reproductive success in interbreeding situations between humans and Neanderthals?
@@bigsmiler5101 Sure. The pelvis of the human female has evoved so the fetus can fit throuth the birth canal at the end of pregnancy. Evolution is particularly complicateted when dealing with with both cross species and and single species offspring.
@@GoodnightJLH Yes, I figured most of that, but are you asking whether a half-Neandertal baby can fit through the human mother's pelvis? What do we know of Neandertal infants--there are virtually no skeletons since newborn skulls rarely, if ever, exist from any animal species. Too soft.
White women have a larger pelvis than black women and after much research I found only human women could reproduce hybrid babies not the human men and neaderthal women so it makes sense after watching this lecture....
This was an amazing lecture! I’ve been so curious about human evolution, history, and genetics so I’m so surprised the algorithm suggested this to me so late. Ironically it seems after I watched something on plagiarized maps
@johnnytheprick it’s actually from this channel! The lecture was kind of boring though lol. But I’m glad it lead me to discover svante pabo! I’m fascinated by him now!
@@21972012145525 Me, too. I got directed here from listening to an Art Bell radio show on a guy who "time traveled" 2 years. Who ever is writing these algorithms is pulling them out of their ass if you and I get to this lecture from youtube. (:
Interesting statistic: "Every baby that is born has 50-100 new mutations. There are 7 billion people on the planet. The genome is just 3 billion base pairs. So every mutation compatible with human life exists out there."
I was always taught that the best definition of speciation is when the 2 variants can no longer mate and produce viable offspring. So in order to be different "species" then Homo Sapiens and Neanderthal would not be able to interbreed, which we now know was not the case, as is with the Denisovans also. The divergence is thought to have had to occur more than 1 million years for that to happen with primates, this is what I learned in my evolutionary bioloogy courses in college. So according to that set of criteria, Neanderthals and Denisovans, and even other hominid variants may have all been the same species, just different variants, which eventually interbred to produce what we today know as modern humans, but since none diverged more than 1 mil years before, and they could interbreed, by those standards they would be considered the same species. I don't know if they have moved those goalposts since I earned my degree in 1997. But that's what they taught us back then..
"species" is purely a constructed concept. We can happily make claims about whether or not different dinosaurs, for example, are the same or different species, without knowing whether they can reproduce, using the morphological species concept. Plenty of plant species can successfully hybridize. At the end of the day, the species of an organism is nothing more than an admittedly extremely useful way of sorting life into categories which are entirely decided by people.
I agree on best definition of species as you mention it but remember the case of circumpolar seagulls able to interbreed with neighboring populations and unable to do so where the ends "meet" and the impact of gene drift is greatest, at the strait of Bering (or was it the North Atlantic?) So even this classical definition of species sometimes failed! But that's Ok! Life and evolution are richer than our understanding of them! 🇨🇷
A dog is a dog is a dog. You could take a Chihuahua, mate it with a Great Dane and produce viable offspring. The process might not be pretty, or easy, but they could mate. Therefore they are the same species, dog. The same logic can be applied between us and Neanderthals. Both may be physically distinctive and different, but at a genetic level (where it counts) we are more or less the same. Enough so that we interbred and reproduced viable offspring. The proof, now determined, is in the genetic record. They were us; and we are them. So it goes, and life goes on. John~ American Net'Zen
Not so. Lion and tiger - regarded as separate species but can have fertile offspring that can in turn, have offspring. Ditto for leopards and tigers given the right circumstances. Likewise yak and buffalo have been known to have fertile offspring and there are farmers who are breeding crossbreds of cattle and american bison. By your argument, what are these then? Bengal cats are a product of breeding with hybrids of domestic cats and the asian leopard cat - both considered separate species.
As I understand it not all offspring is fertile. A part is born dead, a part is infertile and a part is fertile. Depending on which gender is homo sapiens vs. neanderthal. Which would explain how it's largely weeded out.
@@tomlyne4453 - both are of the same family and yes, can be mated to produce offspring but they have their own distinctive genome. Just as Neantherthal and modern Humans are capable in the same way but still have a distinctive genome such that Neantherthal DNA sequences can be identified amongst the Modern Human genome.
Maybe one species had already switched to an "all protein" diet before the other, thereby negating the need for a large stomach and organs required to digest a primarily vegetarian diet. No more need for a large rib cage.
@@tonkatoytruck bingo! 👌humans area great example of when plants were left behind for more nutritious animals! We also needed to support an increase in brain size as it needed so much more priority, energy demands wise. It makes immense sense that we fed on fat and meats to do just that.
@@tonkatoytruck oh and bone marrow, blood and organ meats were prized as well and highly nutritious. All protein isnt a good thing. Look up rabbit starvation. When you look at calories, a nice Ribeye is 70% fat calories and 30% protein.
I wonder if Neanderthal genetic’s predisposition to type 2 diabetes made no difference until farming created high carbohydrate diets. If Neanderthals were essentially on the Aitkins’s diet (meat and fat), then they would not tend towards high sugar obesity and therefor genetically not at risk .... until 10,000 years ago when farming changed diets. A clue would be analyzing 10,000 year old human bones to see if the Neanderthal genetic contribution shifted away from the diabetes markers since then but not before. I also wonder why the bulging torso? Either ability to gorge themselves when they had killed a horse to tide them over for a couple weeks with no food. Or is it for warmth (increased volume to surface area ratio for holding heat longer). The pigmentation is logically beneficial for vitamin D (critical for immune system). The hyperactive immune system may have compensated for lowered immune response due to breathing cold aiir. But now it increases likelihood of cytokine storm reaction to covid.
Brillant lecture, humbly delivered in a gentlemanly classic way (which I think is important in the art itself, quite a contrast from the strident and raucous toxic tone you'd hear from some anglophones academics influenced by the media monopoly degeneration).
@@arthurhunt642 no you are an idiot for using expletives, that shows a lack of moderation, inability to control your emotions over reason, put together signs of a communist monster.
I enjoyed the first seven hours of your introduction but two of the assembly have died and another has given birth. So could you get the speaker up there tonight. Please
Re: Answer to first question, Neadedthal had 400,000 years. The speculation is our agricultural revolution was only possible because of an unusually stable climate starting 10,000 years ago. Climate conditions may explain why Neanderthal didn't advance farther in technology.
Perhaps the distance to travel here and the energy it would take and little or no chance of a return home might have made Aliens not wanting to visit you, I'm content without any Aliens.
What fascinates me is that we keep finding the woolly mammoth bones and even fleshed skeletons in the permafrost for millenia already, yet out of that multitude we never found any Denisovan or Neanderthal from that long ago. And I keep hoping.
Different time frames. Mammoths were still alive in northern Siberia when the pyramids were being built, about 5000 years ago. The last Neandertals disappeared about 40,000 years ago. So any mummified remains of Neandertals or Denisovans would have had to last 9 or 10 times longer in the permafrost than the mammoths and other animals discovered there.
I carry 53 variants of EPAS1 with 263 Neanderthal variants, and when I trained for swimming in 3 months I could swim 100 meters underwater and the result was I had twice the normal blood solids, except I am Scandinavian, so I guess there was a lot of hanky panky everywhere back in the day...
So how do you explain the total lack of Neanderthal mt DNA in modern humans? Could it be that the Neanderthal mt DNA is no longer detectable because of the small mt genome? After 4000 generations the fragments are too small to be unique??? Wait, wait... mt DNA does not recombine... so how?
And what happened to the Cro-Magnon people? They lived in Europe 4OO OOO - 37 OOO years ago. I believed they were the European population ancestors, they looked like modern Europeans and they lived with Neanderthals.
It is appearing more likely as time goes by that the Neanderthals were likely absorbed by the people science used to refer to as the Cro Magnons. The Cro Magnons seem to have originated somewhere in the Caucasus, where the bulk of interbreeding between Neanderthals and Cro Magnons occurred. They were both likely mammoth steppe hunters in that region. The actual Cro Magnons, per se, originated in the Caucasus and probably travelled into the European interior to escape the terrible end of the Last Ice Age.
Hybrids seem to have less male representation than female and lecture said male fertility may be lessened by hybridization, but imbalance of Rh- mothers that have antibody rejection of Rh+ fathers fetus may cause an imbalance.
Good point! I hope they look into this further as the technology develops - narrowing down the specifics of what immune-factors have been contributed by Neanderthal, etc.
Shall mortal man be more just than God? shall a man be more pure than his maker? KJV Job 4:17 For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope: for a living dog is better than a dead lion. 5 For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten. 6 Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any thing that is done under the sun. 7 Go thy way, eat thy bread with joy, and drink thy wine with a merry heart; for God now accepteth thy works. KJV Ecclesiastes 9:4-7
I wish that I could understand what he is saying Better,. It's like many of his WORDS and running together,. Maybe there is to much Base ,. Or it's the microphone? I Don't like having to read that much Information,. But from what I can understand,. Sounds good. Thanks.
The MOST HIGH YAHUAH made modern humans. When you read the BOOK OF ENOCH, you will see variations. Also, in this book it will show you where the Neanderthals truly come from.
1:05 Technological advancements happen faster in larger populations, as our populations grew so did our technology. Having the same technology ~40k years ago as Neanderthals did suggest the same basic intelligence but our population grew dramatically while we know there's didn't. Population growth is the driving factor in migrations, humans are creatures of habit and hunter gatherers don't migrate large distances unless they are forced to... they tend to stay in areas they know because they know where water is, where the best places to hunt and forage are, where is a central place to setup camp in relation to those. As your group becomes too large it will split with 1 half staying put and the other moving to fresh new lands. Our comparatively rapid migration suggests we breed more than they did. That suggests they had 400k years of more stable populations with little to no growth. Neanderthals would have 1-2 children while humans had 4-6 for a hypothetical example.
I always heard that Neanderthals and Cromagnon couldn’t reproduce when they coupled. And that the Neanderthals went existing. I always heard that mules are the offspring of a horse and a donkey. And that mules were infertile. But there were cases that mules coupled with either horses and donkeys and were fertile. So genetics doesn’t always follow the rules. Apply this knowledge to the Neanderthals and Cromagnons. We are a mixed race from eons back.
Dance. So did the Neanderthal not dance like the Modern human, if he didn't have the gene that better automates motor movements? Which other animal dances like the human? ... you could also apply this to knitting as well as automated or rhythmic dancing
There is a wealth of information presented here. Still, this is a lecture from 2014--- six years ago to date. How much more do we know now? I am 100% Eurasian with all historical heritage in Europe. Still, genomic analysis reveals I am 2.7% Neandertal and 2.5% Denisovan. My Y-chromosome is Proto-European and my mtDNA is Central Asian (Europid). This information suggests a deep heritage in Siberia. I posit that Europeans will be shown (if they have not already) to possess considerably more Denisovan DNA than this lecture indicates.
He ignored the BOOK OF ENOCH that tells EXACTLY where the giants, nephalim and Neanderthal (Denisovan) come from. All of the giants were not the same. This may perhaps caused the variations.
@benjamin ollis Europeans are descended from the last group of sapiens/neanderthal hybrids to migrate out of the Levant. Unlike previous groups, that group went north and crossed the Caucusus, becoming isolated in Eurasia. Of those, some migrated east to become the East Asians. Others migrated west to become the Europeans, or more precisely, the Great Europid group.
@@EdenSophia118 Neanderthal's were, on average, shorter than us modern humans. Unless your definition of "Giant" mean's shorter, you need to put down your book of fables.
Exciting! Can someone RANDOMLY inherit a bigger chunk of Neanderthal genes than average for the surrounding folk?? How often? How big a chunk? Any phenotype hints?.. Just asking 🤗 Thank you.
@Rafael Ernesto Rosabal - Are you suggesting that an individual could inherit MORE Neanderthal genes than either of their parents had? How is that possible?
Thanks for the excellent presentation given in a superb style. On the question as to why neanderthal did not have much progress in 300K years while humans had a lot in just 100K I think you gave the answer yourself - during those 300K years, at any given time there were just a few neanderthals living in small groups separated by great distances. Modern man started to make fast progress after some critical population mass had been reached. Maybe neanderthals had low fertility rates? This would explain why testical dns had been selected out of our genome.
About some ancestors having a huge (50%) amount of neanderthal genome, and their descendants having 1.5% nowadays, which may still seem to be quite much, considering thousands of years passed: genome is not an indifferent soup of genes - different genes, as I think, correlate, group and gather into different structures in different places in genome(s). This happens each time a new offspring is created. The point is, that the 1.5% was really usefull, or was located/related to regions vital for surviwal of "the mixbreed", so the genes were not removed nor dissolved into this hard to recognize and indifferent soup... the so-called trash DNA, which parts of our genome seems to consist of.
The concept of uniformitarianism is a noble observation of nature. What I've seen in the Pacific Northwest says big flood to my eyes. By big flood I mean millions of cubic miles of water being changed from ice to water. That happened very quickly and left its tracks on earth as do the elk.
You put human brain cell genes in a mouse, which you do scientific experiments on, and that's not unethical, but cloning an extinct human Neanderthal is unethical? REALLY? I want to see a real walking-around LIVE Neanderthal that is well cared for and not experimented on. What's wrong with that?
Wanda Alexander The scientific data that I’ve scoured through for over a decade and even at the moment indicates to me that Neanderthals can not be cloned. It is currently impossible to clone a Neanderthal. Keep in mind, scientists do not have a tradition of keeping respectable norms of ethics in mind. In fact, if science would have considered ethics a little more diligently or responsibly the powerful eugenics movement which came into mainstream about a century ago wouldn’t still be leaving trails of death & devastation that it has and is. I guarantee you that IF it were scientifically possible to clone a Neanderthal, they would have done it & your point stands correct that the ethical argument is a weak one. Your point also strengthens mine that it is an impossibility at this time & not a matter of ethics.
@@taliadavid858 Sometimes they say that they can't do something and I don't believe them. It can take them out of the spotlight while they do it in secret. I have heard that China has a human/chimp hybrid already. Its it true? How would you know? How could you find out? You can't!
Wanda Alexander I have no reason to doubt that claim nor accept it however it is possible. Science can clone monkeys & likely have the capability to clone humans as well. There is a small percentage of humans which pose a problem to them because they can not be cloned. This roughly 15% (likely less) is scientifically impossible to clone. As it turns out, this small group of humans have a strong genomic connection to Neanderthals.
We're going to to the same thing we do every night, reader, watch TH-cam videos until we fall asleep.
Mind reader
Too bad most channels and videos annoy the crap out of me with their ebegging and mugging for the camera.
God damnit....how did you know??
Hahahahahahhahaha
Hah! Me too! 👍
My father, Dr. Alfred Linker a biochemist would have been over the moon to hear this lecture. As am I. Bravo.
Show it to him then.
Feel like you are wearing a monocle 🧐
@@KS-ns4lg past tense generally means they've passed-- have some consideration. Rip
I came out as 95% Irish & N. European & 4% Neanderthal. I was thrilled!
@Gaske Learsi correct English grammatical structure: “As am I.” It’s simply a more formal construction with which younger speakers of English are often not familiar. Notice how my follow up sentence avoids a dangling participle? That’s another example of formal English grammar one does not often hear anymore.
← 2.8% Neanderthal, 0.2% Denisovan. A fantastic journey into my genetic past and where I come from thanks to scientists of the unique caliber of Prof. Svante Pääbo.
_Lo, there do I see the line of my people, back to the beginning!_
A precious gift that is not to be taken away anymore. Thanks for uploading, UCTV.
cool, perhaps in the future we might find the DNA of other Hominids within the genes of present day Homo Sapiens.
Ana Surena Vandenberg dos Santos how cool
We are a mixture to some degree.
YOOOOOO "Lo, there do I see the line of my people..." GREAT REFERENCE!!! Perfect topic for it too. Vikings vs. Cavemen is such a great concept, 13 Warriors is one of the most badass movies ever.
100 percent neanderthal... but no one believes me.
This guy's kids must love him to read stories at bedtime. He has such a calming, musical voice. Great presenter for such data rich, dry material. He makes it interesting!
@johnnytheprick I think he meant regular children’s stories. Not stories about genome research.
@johnnytheprick Nah, I’m busy playing with my prick.
Imagine what nazis would do with a human DNA bank ?
LOL I read the title as "A Neanderthal Perspective on Humans" & I thought: "Wow, did they interview a caveman?"
@hognoxious kinda sexy though...if you're into that kinda thing
Got one from a GEICO ad....
just your average italian
Yeah Ringo….
I have read some works of Paabo. I always tell everyone DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH. There are tons of people who love to throw their opinions around as if they were facts. If you're an honest scientist or person, first thing you do is PROVIDE THE SOURCE OF YOUR KNOWLEDGE. If you say, for example, that bonobos and chimps cannot mix, where did you get that info?
Scientists like Paabo tell you clearly where and how they got their knowledge, and deserve respect. What he presents today may be superseded or improved tomorrow, but in the meantime he is doing his best and honest work.
Honesty Fenix o
i gave the readers where I got mu information. As you say, "do your own research." Research the Seminarian Tablets. There's a tone of information on TH-cam, a good place to start is with Graham Hancock. A rive to your own conclusion based on what you find.
Really, my comment was deleted?
Honesty Fenix: there is knowledge of experience. For years I always understood that mules are not fertile. Then on you tube ( in these programs ) I heard that the female mule can get pregnant (exceptions of course). I imagined farmers always knew of it, but who listens to yokels. The same story between Neanderthals and sapiens. I always read about archeology and anthropology and took this for granted. Now the story has changed-they met and procreated and their DNA appears in modern Italians and others (in Tuscany, 5%.. I wonder if the Renaissance in Tuscany was due to that. I am kidding of course but you never know. Science is beautiful and full of mysteries which are revealed at times by accident and takes everybody by surprivpse
You know that horny Neanderthal men scored alot of CroMagnon b*+ches!!!
Thanks very much to Dr. Paabo for sharing with the public at large. I've watched several of these videos and find them informative, easy to follow, and fascinating. Thanks very much to the good doctor, his colleagues who also contributed, and to the people who decided to put this video out in public forum.
Joe Jacoby
@@judithsochor9755
What?
Lecture starts at 6:15
Thank you
i like this dude he makes me feel smarter when i listen to him, just dont ask me to repeat any of it! thank you Mr paabo and max planck inst.
It's a more interesting lecture than a movie. If further studies of the Homo erectus gene in Africa and Asia are conducted, more information about the origins of mankind will be available.
This presentation is really terrific, in that it can be understood by a non-academic person like me. I have found Neanderthals interesting from my early adolescence when being different made me consider the bias against "being different". Early on I had compassion for theory expressing a bush progeneragion of human evolution, rather than a direct line from chimp to modern humans. Now, instead of just having a feeling that the "bush" makes more sense, than a "direct line" is made a reality by the additional information from DNA sequencing. Of course, more findings spur more questions. Thanks for all those who work for further understanding.
Caroline Sampson We didnt evolve fom chimps.
Chimps and humans share a common ancestor.
Peggy Smulligan this is an academic product. Not the place for your bronze age goatherders ramblings.
Take your ignorant waffling somewhere else.
Peggy's religion isn't all the ramblings of bronze age goatherds. Some of it is the ramblings of iron age goatherds, too.
@@acr08807 what are we now? Are we living in the _Plastic Age?_
Amen. Creationists did not evolve like us and the other Apes. They were created monkeys and did not evolve.
Probably one of the most interesting presentations on evolution from a genetic viewpoint. I look forward to hearing more. Denisovans and the late survival of Erectus seems to support paleo discoveries with hybrid traits. The contribution to medical science with the identification of genes responsible for disease or genetic mutations is just icing on the cake. Well done.
Yes, and don't forget organs transplant rejection caused by protein tied to some genes acquired or not squired from Neanderthal or other early hominids. Note how this is verified with Africans who do not have Neantherdal, Denisovan or out of africa Erectus gene. Add to that the admission that species is a human construct and no valid definition of it exist. Then it's clear Africans are the most remote of human groups. If you listen carefully to the parts on neurons and proteins inherited from Neantherdal, there is a biological cause behind certain form of human intelligence tied to cognitive skills not found among other apes and found at lower levels in africans who do not have neanderthal genes. Reality disagrees with the politically correct. Racism is not a pejorative distinction or prejudice, it is the admission of these differences backed by reality. Racism does not preclude prejudice. Recognizing differences in abilities is not a prejudice. Putting people in a situation where that difference affects their lives is a prejudice. You cannot expect both groups to perform the same which is why every group deserves to live in its own adapted environment and not in a mixed society.
Very good video. This should be interesting to creationists but they keep their fingers in their ears.
@@goognamgoognw6637 I much prefer living in a mixed society. Life is so much richer in every way. I grew up in a very white bread environment and while it was comfortable and pleasant -- for me -- I've experienced so much more throughout life in more diverse surroundings. In the words of an old song, "I wouldn't trade nothing for my journey now."
@@kathleenmckenzie6261 your post sounds like a product review in a consumerism society. Melting pots are destructive of group identity and cultures. Usa is the perfect example, no culture but consumerism, people live in a constant clash between communities that hate each other and it's nobody's fault, only the natural course when different incompatible groups are forced to live together. Then a ruling pseudo elite minority takes advantage of the situation for themselves by trying to blame one group for the ineptitude of the other which is pure evolutionary conflict. Put hyenas with lions and expect them to live in one society, they will always be apart.
No, vibrant culture countries with a strong identity and trust among people are homogeneous. If you were bored by your white upbringing it's because they already had lost their european roots.
@@goognamgoognw6637 I like to think my experience trumps your opinion, however reasoned it may be.
Not everyone in the USA participates in "rampant consumerism." There is no single culture; there are many cultures. Just as most major religions teach some aspects of forgiveness and compassion, so most cultures share some positive traits. We love our children and want the best for them. We value family ties. We all develop rites and celebrations marking the seasons of life.
Over the long haul of history, cultures and ethnicities have met, clashed, and eventually come to some accommodation with each other. At right around 250 years old, I like to think the USA is still learning and growing. We're in a rough patch right now, but I like to think, as Abraham Lincoln once said, the angels of our better nature will prevail. That is what I continue to work toward.
Very useful lecture for the lay person interested in science and trying to understand genetics. Confusion arises constantly when he calls Homo sapiens before mixing with other species "modern humans". I understand that the ones he is talking about are the original humans [Homo sapiens] and the mix of them with other ones outside of Africa resulted in "modern human".
no there were "modern humans" in Africa before mixing with other species.
@Margaret Satya Rose you see, these self important types are the most racist people. So much so, that they infact do not see their own ignorance washing over the perspective they've accepted for themselves.
Berkeley is corrupted with subverts and a nihil minded degeneration.
@@theneighborguy most pf the people everywhere are. There is no such thing as racism only implanted in ones mind. All living is of color. Every so-called culture has light, medium, dark skin and freckled. In living color! It truely is ignorance when most follow it or simply drilled in their heads from youth or literally enforced. One must think for one self with eyes wide open.
@Sharon Quebral bs
You don't need lessons on morality to know right from wrong. You don't need lessons in the throes of empathy to understand how treating people respectfully is the right thing to do.
You force the prism of color and project it onto others as if it is the only possible truth. That is some un-empathetical cereal you're eating in front of everyone. You don't have to spit it up also; we see you. However I understand the natural gag reflex and would forgive you for not being able to contain such a gross non- self realizing point of reference.
You're living the forced narrative that you're preaching at others about. A self-fulfilling prophecy.
You make the dixiecrats proud!
No modern in other parts of the world until they spread out of Africa.
Not the other way round. Modern human = came out of Africa only.
Fascinating lecture with the just right amount of specific science for non- scientist to be interesting and comprehensive.
So fascinating. Thanks so much for making this available to us all (on a public scale) and free to learn and discover!
Rcc
6:15 to skip the introduction of the speaker.
Thank you
Thank you!
I read Dr. Elizabeth Kolbet book " The sixth extinction" on the Kindle last year and was really impressed. She mentions Dr. Svente Paabo and his research and genome sequencing, what a historical breakthrough. But now that I have seen him addressing, I really find him very smart eg. tall, gentlemanly and a genuine geneticist. I did also hear Dr.Elizabeth Kolbert lecture. But her book was more impressive because when you read all men who are mentioned carrying out the research have a mystery surrounding them. We are curious to know who these research scientists are, and when we hear them we are so much struck by their personalities/ opinions. Great work being carried out at the Max Plank institute in Evolutionary Anthropology and genetics.
Koñ
I love to watch the speakers body language, he seems to really get excited about what he's discovering, I would equate it to passion.
If indigenous populations of the Americas have been traced to Asia it would be very interesting to check if Aztecs, Incas, etc...have any Neanderthal genes.
What magnificent work by so many scientists and presented brilliantly. Thank you all.
Post und die anderen
This is a fantastic lecture--very clear and easy to understand with amazing insights.
Yeah, I do wish he would pronounce neanderthal correctly though.
@@artichokeheartbreak2279 ju***" kj. *Jvc jj k j x (knbc jj** kj&&&******]]])[)))[))))))))[[)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))*,
@@artichokeheartbreak2279 - Maybe WE are the ones mispronouncing it.
1
The speaker got a Nobel prize. Congratulations!
At last I get a really good explanation of this. Now I want to catch up with the research from the last 6 years.
By the Numbers...Read THE BOOK OF ENOCH and you will have an even better understanding.
@@EdenSophia118 Religion is a fraud on humanity used to control the weak
What an amazing lecture. I am going to watch it again and this time with pen and paper to take notes :)
This guy is very articulate & controlled but still keeps the human touch!
the Neanderthal touch
@@sonjak8265 The Neanderthal touch that still refuses to IGNORE the BOOK OF ENOCH that tells precisely where the Neanderthals come from.
@@EdenSophia118 please stop it with Enoch already! Please. These are scientists. Don't tell people to "go read Enoch". Why should they? If you have some point to make about Enoch, what is it? "Go read Thomas the Tank Engine" would be equally helpful.
“Part human” touch💡
he’s white
part Neanderthal
not completely human
Great presentation...I just can't get enough information on Neanderthal. I knew, there was some Neanderthal in us. Common sense, when groups of humans meet they interbreed. I am so happy they didn't die out. After living for 300,000 years, (maybe more) it would have been so sad. They live in us for as long as we do. I am waiting impatiently for the next discovery concerning Neanderthal and other archaic civilizations. Thank you so much for sharing this video.
Have you read the book series written by Jean M Auel? It's about neanderthals and modern humans coexisting in the same region. Fiction based on non-academic research.
Not just cavemen ... Goats also.
Ali Baba....Read THE BOOK OF ENOCH. This book will tell you where Neanderthal really come from.
@@jindriskamachatova5114 I read them many years ago.
@@EdenSophia118 Nonsense. The people who wrote that book had absolutely no idea of the existence of Neanderthals or their origin. Just magical stories.
Its so curious how we all watched the same video, and people take such vastly different ideas and information from it.
I like your point of view Heather :)!
Any relation to the very talented 30 s actor harold huber ?
I think people kind of believe what they want to believe, and what they see or hear, serves their desires.
My grandfather used to say "if everybody liked the same thing, they would all be after your grandmother"
People are people. We're all different, but we're all people. I believe so called "Neandethals" were people, no different than we are as people. Some people because of the difference they tried to make and taught about them in relation to the 'evolutionary' origins of people, would like to differentiate themselves from their earlier characterisation. Now that they found some of their forefathers were dipping in the Neanderthal poonahnny, the narrative begins to change..
Since Neanderthal DNA is showing up in the genealogy, evidence of some mixing/sexing between them and "more evolved" humans. I notice more scientific articles on the benefits, of Neanderthal "genes" and how it made those who inherited them better humans.
Scientists Identify Neanderthal Genes in Modern Human www.sci-news.com/othersciences/anthropology/science-neanderthal-genes-modern-human-dna-01734.html
"We found evidence that Neanderthal skin genes made Europeans and East Asians more evolutionarily fit, and that other Neanderthal genes were apparently incompatible with the rest of the modern ...
www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2599854/Europeans-closer-Neanderthals-thought-Ancient-DNA-humans-species-interbreeding-outside-Africa.html
Neanderthal genetics - Wikipedia
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal_genetics
Interbreeding with modern humans. It is suggested that 20 percent of Neanderthal DNA survived in modern humans, notably expressed in the skin, hair and diseases of modern people. Modern human genes involved in making keratin-the protein found in skin, hair, and nails-have specially high levels of Neanderthal DNA.
I found the difference on the spine curvature angle fascinating that Neantherdal had more straight spines, and neanderthal genes are present in europeans but not in africans. This can be observed directly on the anatomy of africans, their butts always stick out because of the increased curvature angle. It does not matter if thin or fat, child or old, male or female, this is universally noticeable in all Africans and it confirms the research. It's an untold reality. The question of the function of a more curved spine has been tied to the ability to climb trees and jump higher. This explains basketball.
Also africans are better runners because they're better fit to not overheat. Look at the olympics.
goognam goognws Get info off line.
African Homo Sapiens, apparently, were the sexiest hominids on the planet. They interbred with all of the other hominids until everyone was a homo sapien.
No asshole
@@thomasjackson2223 no, it becomes evident that homo sapiens is an artificial language construct and that those who stayed in africa (africans) and did not mix with at least 4 other hominids : neanderthal, denisovan, out of africa homo erectus and the 4th mysterious one mentioned in this lecture, are missing proteins tied to neural network development, cognitive functions. When added together the genome of neanderthal present in out of africa population today (not africans) is at least 20% of the neanderthal genome, he said possibly 40% (altough all of it never present at the same time in a single individual). That clearly establishes a huge difference between europeans + asians and africans. Add to this that species is an artificial construct and we should be talking about different modern hominids when comparing africans to non africans. As this research advances i am sure one day we will, when people are ready to admit that racism is not inherently pejorative, only what you make of it matters. If racism was pejorative we would 'a forciori' eradicate all other species on earth but we don't, we recognize the need for different natural habitats for different species, so they may all thrive. This is the positive way to embrace racism. The negative way is what we are doing forcing them to live together in a melting pot in the habitat molded by the dominant hominid that will always favor one at the expense of the other. Furthermore it is better to keep pockets of highly differentiated hominids than to try to homogenize it all in a globalized habitat.
Over a six minute intro .... talk about stealing the show.... Good thing we can fast forward .....
Lmfao !!!!!!!!!!!!😍🤣😍🤣😍🤣😍🤣
Yep, far too long.
I find I can speed most videos up 25% if it's Americans talking , If it's southern states Americans I can speed them up 50%. Like increasing my useful lifespan . 😁
not to mention that intro was full of liberal garbage, and subtle accolades and bow done to "chosen people" medias and lobby group.
Obviously he's claiming that they looked like white people 🙄
What was the main blood type of the Neanderthal? Was there any O-?
Tack så mycket för videon ❤❤❤❤
Paabo is a genius ....and max planc....one of the foremost scientific centers on the planet ...with credible scientific undertakings ....
Loved it. I have long been curious about our true history, as opposed to the one we are supposed to have had. It has always seemed to me we thought about this question the wrong way. Now we have this powerful tool, genetics, we can look at this question in a way never possible before.
The answers have always been here. Read THE BOOK OF ENOCH.
@@EdenSophia118 Don't be silly. You are repeating yourself. Once is enough.
@@EdenSophia118 true that!
@@T-aka-T you didn't like the fact that it was an African American listening intently to this very good information did you?
@@T-aka-T it isn't quite like that we just want to rub things in just before the end buddy & the end is very near thats all do you mind if I call you Neada ?
Odds are you should be looking at 27:11 45:11 through 47:11 thanks for asking and sharing
"Build a better mousetrap and the world will beat a path to your door!"
BUT... "Build a better MOUSE and the world will beat you to a bloody pulp!"
Justtbink,, with enough human genes in a mouse brain, the male mouse will sing like Carouso and the female like Aretha. They can sing a duel
@@davidmorrill2943 That's quite an imagination you've got there, my friend. Got me thinking, so I googled "singing mice," but the singing mice on the videos I checked out didn't sound much like either Caruso or Aretha. The singing mice I heard sounded more like Celine Dion doing her impression of Justin Bieber singing on crack after snagging one of his testicles in the zipper of his pants. But I suppose that's still pretty darn good for a mouse!
Okay, real cute...what is it supposed to mean?
@@timsullivan4566 You two should get together and write a book!
@@davidmorrill2943 chip and dale
I don't know if it's my phone but I cannot take off subtitles..
Tap your screen, you will see *cc* for close captions, tap on *cc* and it should turn off the close caption letters.
Hope it works! ❤️
Anytime you find a random hominid bone in a gulley, you know it's going to be a good day
They updated this conference with newer conference ?
Get lecture. Svante has jokes.
Even though I see this 7 yrs after he spoke what is excellent is how he leads from his work on Homo hybridization to the studies influenced by it. He gives just enough info about each study as to understand it's outcomes. It's a great survey of work on the cutting edge of archaic genetic speciation.
Where does Ken Ham fit on the tree?
Ken fits on the tree but Ham does not.
He actually branched off a couple generations after the chimps.
Brilliantly done but I now have more questions than I started with 😆
welcome to the world of science. :p
thats how you know it is brilliant...., you get 2 extra questions (on average) for every brilliant ¨awswer¨
Fascinating subject, beautifully presented. Good job 👍
1
Question: So is the Kalahari Bushman Pygmy Tribe considered a different species from the Watusi?
Species or race is a matter of semantics completely subjective. Theres lots of species of animals that can successfully breed with no negative effects some actual positive effects.
@@danielfinch362 Although the scientific definition of species is complex, and for many animals it is also often difficult and complex for scientists to decide where to draw the line (between species; between different subspecies of a species; and between a species and a subspecies)... it is NOT just "semantics completely subjective" that human beings are all one species. There are ZERO reputable expert scientists who would say that any "tribe" of human beings is a different species from another "tribe"! That we are all one species is neither subjective nor a mere matter of semantics. (Except: a subjective person could deny that accepted scientific truth, and "semantic" means "about the meaning of words". And yes, Pääbo dodges the question about Neanderthals and modern humans. But he would not do so about two groups of modern humans!
no, no group or "tribe" of modern human beings is of a different species from any other living human group or "tribe"! We are all one species. (and Pääbo would agree despite his little dodge about Neanderthals and modern human)
@@jsbrules prove it
This makes me wonder if there’s another species of human forming right now as we speak but we don’t know it yet.
tik tokers?...
probably not! interracial babies are becoming more and more prevalent!
@@smackbarm_peywet6533 you're so right..
There's already humans developing an extra artery in their arms that we didn't have before. Not sure what it'll lead to Lol
@@EmpoDaddy99 that's a really ignorant thing to say.
Around 1:03 a woman brought up the therory of Neandertal technology, I wasn't to keen on Svante's response. Neandertal community had it's creative evolution just as Cro Magnon or how did they flint spear heads and cutting tools or tan animal hides for clothing. I have a feeling Neandertal population started dwindling, therefore less creative individuals.
1 oh 3 it's still in the introduction?!
The Neanderthals not only invented the spearhead, they invented clothing, waterproofing of clothing, the first industrial strength adhesive, and possibly even written language. Our Neanderthal cousins were no idiots. The Mousterian represents the first higher culture of human beings and represents a true breaking away from Homo erectus.
You’re applying cultural relativism with your rose tinted glasses. There is very little evidence that Neanderthals were smart enough to have a technological revolution
I have a feeling they got wiped out by a flood.
What about the impact of female pelvic shape in relation to skull shape on reproductive success in interbreeding situations between humans and Neanderthals?
This! I have been arguing this for years!!!
Please explain.
@@bigsmiler5101
Sure.
The pelvis of the human female has evoved so the fetus can fit throuth the birth canal at the end of pregnancy. Evolution is particularly complicateted when dealing with with both cross species and and single species offspring.
@@GoodnightJLH Yes, I figured most of that, but are you asking whether a half-Neandertal baby can fit through the human mother's pelvis? What do we know of Neandertal infants--there are virtually no skeletons since newborn skulls rarely, if ever, exist from any animal species. Too soft.
White women have a larger pelvis than black women and after much research I found only human women could reproduce hybrid babies not the human men and neaderthal women so it makes sense after watching this lecture....
This was an amazing lecture! I’ve been so curious about human evolution, history, and genetics so I’m so surprised the algorithm suggested this to me so late. Ironically it seems after I watched something on plagiarized maps
@johnnytheprick it’s actually from this channel! The lecture was kind of boring though lol. But I’m glad it lead me to discover svante pabo! I’m fascinated by him now!
@@21972012145525 Me, too. I got directed here from listening to an Art Bell radio show on a guy who "time traveled" 2 years. Who ever is writing these algorithms is pulling them out of their ass if you and I get to this lecture from youtube. (:
Interesting statistic: "Every baby that is born has 50-100 new mutations. There are 7 billion people on the planet. The genome is just 3 billion base pairs. So every mutation compatible with human life exists out there."
I was always taught that the best definition of speciation is when the 2 variants can no longer mate and produce viable offspring. So in order to be different "species" then Homo Sapiens and Neanderthal would not be able to interbreed, which we now know was not the case, as is with the Denisovans also. The divergence is thought to have had to occur more than 1 million years for that to happen with primates, this is what I learned in my evolutionary bioloogy courses in college. So according to that set of criteria, Neanderthals and Denisovans, and even other hominid variants may have all been the same species, just different variants, which eventually interbred to produce what we today know as modern humans, but since none diverged more than 1 mil years before, and they could interbreed, by those standards they would be considered the same species. I don't know if they have moved those goalposts since I earned my degree in 1997. But that's what they taught us back then..
Brian V lions and tigers can reproduce.
Hence the scientific communities hypocrisy on defining "speciation".
"species" is purely a constructed concept. We can happily make claims about whether or not different dinosaurs, for example, are the same or different species, without knowing whether they can reproduce, using the morphological species concept. Plenty of plant species can successfully hybridize. At the end of the day, the species of an organism is nothing more than an admittedly extremely useful way of sorting life into categories which are entirely decided by people.
I agree on best definition of species as you mention it but remember the case of circumpolar seagulls able to interbreed with neighboring populations and unable to do so where the ends "meet" and the impact of gene drift is greatest, at the strait of Bering (or was it the North Atlantic?) So even this classical definition of species sometimes failed! But that's Ok! Life and evolution are richer than our understanding of them! 🇨🇷
Depends if you're a lumper or a splitter
A dog is a dog is a dog. You could take a Chihuahua, mate it with a Great Dane and produce viable offspring. The process might not be pretty, or easy, but they could mate. Therefore they are the same species, dog.
The same logic can be applied between us and Neanderthals. Both may be physically distinctive and different, but at a genetic level (where it counts) we are more or less the same. Enough so that we interbred and reproduced viable offspring.
The proof, now determined, is in the genetic record. They were us; and we are them. So it goes, and life goes on.
John~
American Net'Zen
Not so. Lion and tiger - regarded as separate species but can have fertile offspring that can in turn, have offspring. Ditto for leopards and tigers given the right circumstances. Likewise yak and buffalo have been known to have fertile offspring and there are farmers who are breeding crossbreds of cattle and american bison. By your argument, what are these then? Bengal cats are a product of breeding with hybrids of domestic cats and the asian leopard cat - both considered separate species.
As I understand it not all offspring is fertile. A part is born dead, a part is infertile and a part is fertile. Depending on which gender is homo sapiens vs. neanderthal. Which would explain how it's largely weeded out.
@@deborahmcneil747 are cattle and bison both not bovine?
@@tomlyne4453 - both are of the same family and yes, can be mated to produce offspring but they have their own distinctive genome. Just as Neantherthal and modern Humans are capable in the same way but still have a distinctive genome such that Neantherthal DNA sequences can be identified amongst the Modern Human genome.
Maria Callous it can’t produce off spring
7:26... The rib cages are so different. Makes me wonder what resulted when they interbred.
Maybe one species had already switched to an "all protein" diet before the other, thereby negating the need for a large stomach and organs required to digest a primarily vegetarian diet. No more need for a large rib cage.
@@tonkatoytruck bingo! 👌humans area great example of when plants were left behind for more nutritious animals! We also needed to support an increase in brain size as it needed so much more priority, energy demands wise. It makes immense sense that we fed on fat and meats to do just that.
@@tonkatoytruck oh and bone marrow, blood and organ meats were prized as well and highly nutritious. All protein isnt a good thing. Look up rabbit starvation. When you look at calories, a nice Ribeye is 70% fat calories and 30% protein.
@@dana102083 Too much of anything is bad. But, I thought that was understood.
Which blood group/ dna belong or highlight Neandratol bred people?
A negative?? Rh negative for sure from what I gather
I wonder if Neanderthal genetic’s predisposition to type 2 diabetes made no difference until farming created high carbohydrate diets. If Neanderthals were essentially on the Aitkins’s diet (meat and fat), then they would not tend towards high sugar obesity and therefor genetically not at risk .... until 10,000 years ago when farming changed diets. A clue would be analyzing 10,000 year old human bones to see if the Neanderthal genetic contribution shifted away from the diabetes markers since then but not before.
I also wonder why the bulging torso? Either ability to gorge themselves when they had killed a horse to tide them over for a couple weeks with no food. Or is it for warmth (increased volume to surface area ratio for holding heat longer). The pigmentation is logically beneficial for vitamin D (critical for immune system). The hyperactive immune system may have compensated for lowered immune response due to breathing cold aiir. But now it increases likelihood of cytokine storm reaction to covid.
But they were hunter gatherers
Brillant lecture, humbly delivered in a gentlemanly classic way (which I think is important in the art itself, quite a contrast from the strident and raucous toxic tone you'd hear from some anglophones academics influenced by the media monopoly degeneration).
Or creationists, a special breed of idiots.
@@arthurhunt642 no you are an idiot for using expletives, that shows a lack of moderation, inability to control your emotions over reason, put together signs of a communist monster.
@@goognamgoognw6637 you seem like an idiot
which is it, you hate White People, or just those that speak English? Nice try at hiding your racism.
@@goognamgoognw6637 brainwashed cult member detected.
That introductory speaker's pronunciation of German words is excellent for a non-native German speaker.
Lived and worked in Munich and Leipzig for many years.
@@gibbogle That makes sense.
Thank You uctv.
starts at 6:21
I won't thank you later...thank you..now..
This was supposed to be in an ad free playlist. If it ain't yours, how are you profiting off of it?
I enjoyed the first seven hours of your introduction but two of the assembly have died and another has given birth. So could you get the speaker up there tonight. Please
These guys do like to hear themselves speak!
Indeed. Literally nobody is interested in his lame personal anecdotes. Get off the damn stage already.
@@danv8718 I was. We have become so impatient and pushy these days! Gimme, and gimme free and fast! The attention span of gnats.
OMG fix the sound, i want to watch but the hum gave me a headache in a few minutes
Re: Answer to first question, Neadedthal had 400,000 years.
The speculation is our agricultural revolution was only possible because of an unusually stable climate starting 10,000 years ago.
Climate conditions may explain why Neanderthal didn't advance farther in technology.
Is Denesovans and Homo Eructus are the same?
That guy was brilliant! Loved his presentation.
So you like boring 60 year old virgins?
.
This is one of those presentations that gives me great appreciation for TH-cam's 2X speed.........and makes me pray for the day there's a 4X speed!
I.p.o
You have only to read some of these comments to know why aliens find us so unworthy of visitation.
excuse me? makes more sence than everything came from nothing.
Like yours?
Perhaps the distance to travel here and the energy it would take and little or no chance of a return home might have made Aliens not wanting to visit you, I'm content without any Aliens.
@@carlanorstad5716 Define "nothing".
Get over yourself
What about cromagnons
What fascinates me is that we keep finding the woolly mammoth bones and even fleshed skeletons in the permafrost for millenia already, yet out of that multitude we never found any Denisovan or Neanderthal from that long ago. And I keep hoping.
Yes!!!!
Different time frames. Mammoths were still alive in northern Siberia when the pyramids were being built, about 5000 years ago. The last Neandertals disappeared about 40,000 years ago. So any mummified remains of Neandertals or Denisovans would have had to last 9 or 10 times longer in the permafrost than the mammoths and other animals discovered there.
Tipi Dan you are kidding? The frozen mammoth remains are often much older! 😁
@@Alarix246 Bah there's probably meat McDonald s have been storing under their counters for longer
@@jackd1582 haha
I carry 53 variants of EPAS1 with 263 Neanderthal variants, and when I trained for swimming in 3 months I could swim 100 meters underwater and the result was I had twice the normal blood solids, except I am Scandinavian, so I guess there was a lot of hanky panky everywhere back in the day...
That wasn't cough syrup the trainer was giving you
@@jackd1582 I'm sure that made sense to you, however...
Please say you aren’t an organ donor! Haha, seriously. Don’t… say it
😳 And I thought my 27 meters underwater..Without training was quite fantastic. Im Swedish. 😁
Undergraduate walks into lab one day and hears, "Hi John."
Only cages of mice are present.
So how do you explain the total lack of Neanderthal mt DNA in modern humans? Could it be that the Neanderthal mt DNA is no longer detectable because of the small mt genome? After 4000 generations the fragments are too small to be unique??? Wait, wait... mt DNA does not recombine... so how?
Maybe I can answer... RAPE! A M Neanderthal raped a F Sapient. 😄
White supremacy pseudoscience is where this leads
And what happened to the Cro-Magnon people? They lived in Europe 4OO OOO - 37 OOO years ago. I believed they were the European population ancestors, they looked like modern Europeans and they lived with Neanderthals.
Cro-Magnon is an early European modern human living 48 T to 15T years ago.
It is appearing more likely as time goes by that the Neanderthals were likely absorbed by the people science used to refer to as the Cro Magnons. The Cro Magnons seem to have originated somewhere in the Caucasus, where the bulk of interbreeding between Neanderthals and Cro Magnons occurred. They were both likely mammoth steppe hunters in that region. The actual Cro Magnons, per se, originated in the Caucasus and probably travelled into the European interior to escape the terrible end of the Last Ice Age.
How does PART of a genetic sequence leave an area - ie, Africa and not the other parts? This makes no sense.
Hybrids seem to have less male representation than female and lecture said male fertility may be lessened by hybridization, but imbalance of Rh- mothers that have antibody rejection of Rh+ fathers fetus may cause an imbalance.
I also was wondering if Rh factor possibly played into Neanderthals being bred out.
Good point! I hope they look into this further as the technology develops - narrowing down the specifics of what immune-factors have been contributed by Neanderthal, etc.
Good question, however, do we know if Neanderthal's even have the RH?
@@ErynRea Sub saharan Africans have the lowest amount of RH negative, the Basque peoples have the highest.
Daniel Finch
Basque like to promulgate that faulty statistic. They do not have the highest percentage.
Shall mortal man be more just than God? shall a man be more pure than his maker?
KJV Job 4:17
For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope: for a living dog is better than a dead lion.
5 For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten.
6 Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any thing that is done under the sun.
7 Go thy way, eat thy bread with joy, and drink thy wine with a merry heart; for God now accepteth thy works.
KJV Ecclesiastes 9:4-7
I grew up next door to the man who taught the Japanese how to farm catfish. True story.
What?
Shitty idea
I wish that I could understand what he is saying Better,. It's like many of his WORDS and running together,. Maybe there is to much Base ,. Or it's the microphone? I Don't like having to read that much Information,. But from what I can understand,. Sounds good. Thanks.
Do you think they had the capability to modify genes way back then and that's how we get modern humans?
The MOST HIGH YAHUAH made modern humans. When you read the BOOK OF ENOCH, you will see variations. Also, in this book it will show you where the Neanderthals truly come from.
Absolutely.
@@EdenSophia118 oh wow. Enoch!! Is this related to rh negative blood or are they shyly trying to say we aren’t an ape?
Wow. The. Ruling class is rh negative too?
1:05 Technological advancements happen faster in larger populations, as our populations grew so did our technology. Having the same technology ~40k years ago as Neanderthals did suggest the same basic intelligence but our population grew dramatically while we know there's didn't. Population growth is the driving factor in migrations, humans are creatures of habit and hunter gatherers don't migrate large distances unless they are forced to... they tend to stay in areas they know because they know where water is, where the best places to hunt and forage are, where is a central place to setup camp in relation to those. As your group becomes too large it will split with 1 half staying put and the other moving to fresh new lands. Our comparatively rapid migration suggests we breed more than they did.
That suggests they had 400k years of more stable populations with little to no growth. Neanderthals would have 1-2 children while humans had 4-6 for a hypothetical example.
Where did denisovans come from? They just show up in Siberia? That's it?
I always heard that Neanderthals and Cromagnon couldn’t reproduce when they coupled. And that the Neanderthals went existing. I always heard that mules are the offspring of a horse and a donkey. And that mules were infertile. But there were cases that mules coupled with either horses and donkeys and were fertile. So genetics doesn’t always follow the rules. Apply this knowledge to the Neanderthals and Cromagnons. We are a mixed race from eons back.
@Ben Hurn C'mon we are like all other animals who evolved to survive in some particular part of the world
@Ben Hurn You didn’t evolve from monkeys?
Not all mules are infertile. It is well documented.
🤡
Whites and Asians had sex with a non-human Neanderthal.
Separate species can create offspring.
it’s just often rare that they do.
@Ben Hurn your ancestor 400 MYA was a fish
I love how right at the very end he just casually throws in 'Oh yeah, we did Pinky and the Brain'
Time stamp?
It feels good to know that most of the ancient humans still exist within us:)
22 min he describes how some of the sample group of europeans are identical to neanderthal dna ?
My best guess is the 15%?? Blood type?
Talk starts at 6:20.
wow! What a fantastic talk.
According to 23&Me my genome is in the 97th percentile for Neanderthal DNA. Proud Neanderthal here!
Colonization... this session gave me some interesting ideas about colonization in general. I suppose the Neanderthals would have a stone axe to grind.
Absolutely 👍💯 %Trith
Dance. So did the Neanderthal not dance like the Modern human, if he didn't have the gene that better automates motor movements? Which other animal dances like the human? ... you could also apply this to knitting as well as automated or rhythmic dancing
There is a wealth of information presented here. Still, this is a lecture from 2014--- six years ago to date. How much more do we know now?
I am 100% Eurasian with all historical heritage in Europe. Still, genomic analysis reveals I am 2.7% Neandertal and 2.5% Denisovan. My Y-chromosome is Proto-European and my mtDNA is Central Asian (Europid). This information suggests a deep heritage in Siberia.
I posit that Europeans will be shown (if they have not already) to possess considerably more Denisovan DNA than this lecture indicates.
He ignored the BOOK OF ENOCH that tells EXACTLY where the giants, nephalim and Neanderthal (Denisovan) come from. All of the giants were not the same. This may perhaps caused the variations.
Lord hanuman was neendarthal
@benjamin ollis Europeans are descended from the last group of sapiens/neanderthal hybrids to migrate out of the Levant. Unlike previous groups, that group went north and crossed the Caucusus, becoming isolated in Eurasia. Of those, some migrated east to become the East Asians. Others migrated west to become the Europeans, or more precisely, the Great Europid group.
@@EdenSophia118 Neanderthal's were, on average, shorter than us modern humans. Unless your definition of "Giant" mean's shorter, you need to put down your book of fables.
Exciting! Can someone RANDOMLY inherit a bigger chunk of Neanderthal genes than average for the surrounding folk?? How often? How big a chunk? Any phenotype hints?.. Just asking 🤗 Thank you.
@Rafael Ernesto Rosabal - Are you suggesting that an individual could inherit MORE Neanderthal genes than either of their parents had? How is that possible?
Thanks for the excellent presentation given in a superb style. On the question as to why neanderthal did not have much progress in 300K years while humans had a lot in just 100K I think you gave the answer yourself - during those 300K years, at any given time there were just a few neanderthals living in small groups separated by great distances. Modern man started to make fast progress after some critical population mass had been reached. Maybe neanderthals had low fertility rates? This would explain why testical dns had been selected out of our genome.
1
A debt of gratitude should be expressed to our simian ancestors...family units...hunting...even tools!
About some ancestors having a huge (50%) amount of neanderthal genome, and their descendants having 1.5% nowadays, which may still seem to be quite much, considering thousands of years passed: genome is not an indifferent soup of genes - different genes, as I think, correlate, group and gather into different structures in different places in genome(s). This happens each time a new offspring is created. The point is, that the 1.5% was really usefull, or was located/related to regions vital for surviwal of "the mixbreed", so the genes were not removed nor dissolved into this hard to recognize and indifferent soup... the so-called trash DNA, which parts of our genome seems to consist of.
LMAO “our” you mean white ppl or “Caucasoid” …Chile anyways 😭😭😭
Every person outside Africa has Neanderthals bro
I would just like to know, HOW did someone realize that minute piece of matter, was a bone?!
For some reason this made me think of the movie,"The Secret of NIMH," and it's sequel, where mice are made too intelligent.
Also in Hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy!
The concept of uniformitarianism is a noble observation of nature. What I've seen in the Pacific Northwest says big flood to my eyes. By big flood I mean millions of cubic miles of water being changed from ice to water. That happened very quickly and left its tracks on earth as do the elk.
It did indeed. The Lake Missoula floods alone would have inspired flood myths and did among your people. Go in peace my red brother.
Title is a lie. Presenter was clearly not a Neanderthal.
Did I just hear him say, Johansson? As he was speaking of Lucy? And Scarlet Johansson played Lucy in that movie. It’s no coincidence.
You put human brain cell genes in a mouse, which you do scientific experiments on, and that's not unethical, but cloning an extinct human Neanderthal is unethical? REALLY? I want to see a real walking-around LIVE Neanderthal that is well cared for and not experimented on. What's wrong with that?
I agree with you 100%. It certainly wouldn't be any less ethical than chimp cloning or in vitro fertilization.
Wanda Alexander
The scientific data that I’ve scoured through for over a decade and even at the moment indicates to me that Neanderthals can not be cloned. It is currently impossible to clone a Neanderthal. Keep in mind, scientists do not have a tradition of keeping respectable norms of ethics in mind. In fact, if science would have considered ethics a little more diligently or responsibly the powerful eugenics movement which came into mainstream about a century ago wouldn’t still be leaving trails of death & devastation that it has and is. I guarantee you that IF it were scientifically possible to clone a Neanderthal, they would have done it & your point stands correct that the ethical argument is a weak one. Your point also strengthens mine that it is an impossibility at this time & not a matter of ethics.
@@taliadavid858 Sometimes they say that they can't do something and I don't believe them. It can take them out of the spotlight while they do it in secret. I have heard that China has a human/chimp hybrid already. Its it true? How would you know? How could you find out? You can't!
Wanda Alexander
I have no reason to doubt that claim nor accept it however it is possible.
Science can clone monkeys & likely have the capability to clone humans as well. There is a small percentage of humans which pose a problem to them because they can not be cloned. This roughly 15% (likely less) is scientifically impossible to clone. As it turns out, this small group of humans have a strong genomic connection to Neanderthals.
@@taliadavid858 My sister's dna showed 4% Neanderthal, that's pretty high I think. Mine showed zero.