@@kevinbissinger Applied Science got big after some media picked up his DIY electron microscope, which he also showed at a Maker Faire. In the same sense that Huygens probably gathered a lot of subscribers after AS linked a video of his in his own video. I would have never known about Huygens and never subscribed if AS hadn't linked it. Media exposure is definitely not a democratic or logical process based on quality or content. Rather there is a lot of luck and "critical mass" involved. With enough subscribers, your videos will get recommended more to people not already subscribed, so you have a lot more potential to get the videos viewed by people who are potentially interested in it.
@Alexander Gräf @Kevin Bissinger Your comments made me think about this a little more and I realized that I'm actually not interested in getting a lot of subscribers at all. In fact I would have made these videos regardles whether there are 500 or 500K. I just want to reach an audience with similar interest as I have and hopefully interact with them. So if that is just a small group, that is just fine with me. I would be surprised if my subscriber count would ever go over 10K and frankly I have no desire that it will.
@@HuygensOptics Idk, Marco Reps, who also watches your videos and also does very technical videos, has 176K subscribers, and that doesn't seem to hurt him. Plus, with a larger viewer base and maybe even a Patreon, you might be able to afford more stuff you can use as-is, instead of having to build it yourself - or just being out of reach at all. Even used stuff from Ebay can be quite expensive.
Ni is tricky for thermal evaporation, it corrodes refractory metals immediately when liquid. Cr can be deposited from special Cr plated electrodes from solid state. I failed to get any successful results with Ni whatsoever. Lesker guide ( www.lesker.com/newweb/deposition_materials/materialdepositionchart.cfm?pgid=0 ) recommends using Al2O3 coated boats, so that should work. Or sputtering.
I was completely blown away by the craftsmanship, technical skill and expertise required; this is work for several teams over years, not alone, and in such a short space of time.
Utterly gobsmacked that you're doing this as an individual. It really is remarkable work and your explanations and presentation of content is excellent. Thank you.
In Moscow University, we had such lab of 2 rooms, it was run by one woman who applied films, and one man who polished substrates. And it consumed lots of ethanol to clean which was once more rectified before use. They took orders from all university and outsude for specipic mirrors for lasers, experiments etc.
man, I must say I'm impressed. Having worked on these kind of machines in clean rooms, I know how fragile and finicky they are even profesionnally maintained on a regular basis, so building some with repaired defective parts that takes some perseverance and dedication.
Really nice work! How did you bond the copper cooling pipes in the glass feed through for the boat holder? That turbopump spin-down noise must have had very high pucker factor!
Hi Ben, thanks for stopping by. The pipes were bonded using a vacuum compatible epoxy (Araldite 2020). Because these joints would stay cool during use, there was no reason for using special metal-to-glass joints, which would have been way more difficult to realise. The pipes have a very narrow fit in the glass disk, so the amount of epoxy surface in contact with the chamber is negligible anyway. The turbo actually did not spin down fast, it displayed these short irregular blips in the frequency, almost as if the filter was "dancing" on top of the rotor, extracting small amounts of kinetic energy from it each time it touched the top of the rotor blades. I consider myself very lucky that it did not end up between the blades...
Pucker factor? More like shit a brick. If I even thought something got loose in my TMP I would hit the floor in terror for fear of shrapnel to my body and to my wallet.
@@fizzyplazmuh9024 yea its gnarly, a colleague sent one to the junk yard just with droplet condensation. Apparently newer TMP's are more "resilient" but I'm skeptical. For my work diffusion pump and cryo get where we need and we like em for their resilience and serviceability
You sir are one of the most brilliant people I have seen in my 84 years of life working as an Engineer for 60 years, where I have met several brilliant engineers. Seeing what you built by yourself is amazing. This is the most amazing video I have seen on YT. After seeing metal deposition inside an incandescent light bulb I have been interested in doing something like this. BUT after seeing what is required.. well.. forget it.. :):):) Thanks for sharing.
Mad respect for you bud. I can only imagine the long hours and tedious work you went through. When you condense it down to a 15 minute video a lot of people don't realize how much work you really did.
Depends on your angle of view I guess. Maybe look at Applied Science. But it's pretty far out in terms of "private person builds crazy scientific stuff in basement" :-)
@@WanderTheNomad thought emporium is a schoolkid compared to this guy in terms of actual technical knowledge. his setup also barely worked and only with a couple metals when this is just amazing performance with really strong bonding.
One hint for future high vacuum welding: Start your weld 10mm next to the parts you want to weld together and move on from there. Then, before releasing the trigger, again move 10mm away from the weld. Like this, you will eliminate many leaks because leaks often occure at the starting or finishing point of a weld. If the starting and stopping point is on solid material and not on the gap, you won't have a leak there. I'm not a professional welder too but have worked 7 years as a maintenance technician on a jumbo-size Glass PVD-Coater. The chamber of these is around 100 meters long, containing 220 Turbo molecular pumps. Also I want to say that this is an awesome Project! Thanks for the video.
Ok this is just impressive, i have been watching a lot of people do advanced DIY projects, but this pushes the horizon a fair bit further for me. Wish you the best of luck in achieving your goals.
Yeah! Super excited to find this. I'm a college physics/math instructor and I just did a lot of thin film interference videos, but I've never really learned how they are manufactured in practice.
And I was feeling pleased with myself for building a setup to control camera direction for astrophotography. I built a handcart, this guy builds a lorry. Still, inspires me to do more, much more. Thanks for posting.
Amazing! Thank you for being so candid about the bits that did not go so well, I learn a lot when the negatives are shared as well as the positives. Oh and well done!
I wasn't looking at the screen when you talked about the turbo accident, so I nearly burned myself when I got distracted from cooking by the "oh shit" moment it gave me. Glad you got lucky, and I'm really looking forward to the next videos!!
Amazing. My father worked at Cambridge instruments in the 1970s and told me about the vacuum pumps they were using for the electron microscopes. You really don't want to be near those during a problem. Great video.
The skill that I see here is the varied and multiple discipline skills that are needed to design, build, operate and evaluate this project from the ground up covering electronics, electrics, mechanics and physics to name but a few. Excellent channel.
Nice work! Brings back a lot of memories, I used to write control software for commercial PVD & IBD systems. I once dumped a turbo pump to air which made a mighty whistle (luckily the turbo survived). Dumping one to aluminium is very spectacular 😂
Delightful video! I have vacuum systems experience but none with PVD. Thank you for sharing so much experience. I have just about finished accumulating the pumps and tanks to start coating my own optics. Rather than a boat, I am using a CO2 laser ported into the chamber through it's own ZnSe focal lens to provide the heating. Since my 80W beam creates large amounts of silica fume when targeting glass even in open air, I suspect it will provide more than enough heat to vaporize several of the materials I want to use under vacuum. Wish me luck. Even if I fail I still enjoy the learning process immensly.
I really hope your channel becomes the new big thing! Your authentic (in youtube terms), terrifyingly scientific way of presenting the information makes me feel like a real scientist, even though I'm just an engineer, and this is what society needs (I mean other people's feelings too, i'd love society to need me to feel good but oh well), in my opinion. Not to mention the superb quality of the info you share, you are combining best parts of the scientific method and youtube trends in a truly fascinating way!
This looks very similar to the system I was using to deposit gold (around 200 angstroms) on Mylar film for microphones. I used a small diffusion pump and a tungsten boat with a big truck battery charger for a power supply (maybe 50 amps), and I only waited to around half a micron of vacuum. I was lucky that the deposition time didn’t cause a problem with heating. Great to see another similar setup!
Christ, watching this channel feels like being a kid, hanging out with the "neighborhood crazy professor" or something. I feel like I'm learning so many cool things, but I'm also worried things could go wrong at some point (like with the turbo). However, this guy obviously seems to know his stuff! The MacGyver of Optics
Excellent work and video! Please, write a book sort of "PVD from scratch", "PVD for the homebrewer", "PVD for Dummies" or something like that, I would love to buy it and try something similar! You are very talented, congratulations!
The irony... I just dropped about $4000 on difussion pumps, rotary vane pumps, thermocouple gauges, cold cathode gauges, stainless fittings, tig welding conversion kit for my mig welder. And here you are doing what I'm about to do. Neat to see Applied Science caught on to this video, I'm definitely taking a lot of inspiration there.
@@HuygensOptics I have a two ideas that stand out most, my first project will be condenser microphones, sputtering the diaphragm with varying metals. And second will be for telescope optics. I may experiment with some photovoltaics, semiconductors, or displays, but not much beyond giving myself a bit of a chuckle to say I did it. Maybe down the road an affordable electron microscope will turn up randomly, cause I'd love to do some backwards engineering of some chips. For now though, it's more like a puzzle of what materials I can collect and assemble together. I'm still weighting my options on what kind of chamber to use. Glass bell jars are beautiful, but also really expensive. Pyrex cylinders I've been eyeing a lot more lately as they are very affordable. Or maybe I'll get lucky and an affordable vacuum chamber will turn up on ebay or locally. One can dream.
@@TickyTack23great stuff looks like you have quite a journey ahead of you! Maybe you should consider doing a little photolithography as well or use shadow masks (as was shown in the latest Breaking Taps video). Anyway good luck!
Browsing youtube while waiting for the supplier to fix the commercial PVD tool where I work and I am gobsmacked that you just built one at home from scraps. Hats off sir. Before we know you might have a low cost DIY CMOS fab at home.
*THAT WAS EXCITING TO WATCH, EVEN THOUGH IT WAS MORE OF AN EXERCISE OF SIMPLY LISTENING WHILE ATTEMPTING TO UNDERSTAND, BUT FUN.* *THANKS FOR SHARING.*
Puedo asegurar que cualquiera de los que hemos terminado de ver este vídeo, ha quedado sorprendido. Nunca imaginé encontrarme con esto en TH-cam ¡es increíble! Muchas gracias por compartir tu grandioso conocimiento.
Awesome. What I love about this video is that you explain every little part of the device and what it does in the overall process, which all makes perfect sense. This demystifies what would otherwise look like an overly complex looking piece of science equipment that looks like something you'd see at the end of a particle accelerator or something. The fact you made this on your own... mind blowing!
I gotta say thank you so much, its not often epic level particle physics is explained like this for average laypeople with real work examples and video. Thank you so much!
Fascinating. Having done this as a student at a TU on 20 year old machines only and here seeing someone building his own with a lot of detail that was never mentioned. Thanks!
For a few hours of practice, your welds look really good. It takes years of practice to be able to lay down welds like you see on these fabrication videos. I don’t weld for a living anymore but I try to weld a couple hours a week keep my skills sharp, even so I can’t weld anywhere near as good as I could when I was doing it 12 hours a day.
Truly phenomenal work. I've torn down and repaired turbos before, done a bit of tig welding, a bit of plasma cleaning, a splash of sputtering, and a fair bit of work with vacuum system design, but the fact that you're doing ALL of it without any guide or advice is absolutely insane. Can't wait to finish my PhD so I have more time to tackle projects like this.
We had a faulty turbo pump delivered as replacement once in our lab and it worked about 3 days before it literally exploding. The insides were sphaghtetti but some of the fins flew out and peppered the walls, some got stuck as well. It was very lucky no one was inside that lab in the moment.
Fantastic video as always, when you release a video I immediately stop what I'm doing and watch it, and often go through your back-catalogue. Thank you for filming and releasing the work you do, its got to be a lot of work! I think for myself making a PVD chamber is possible, but what I think is extremely hard is being able to make consistent thicknesses of coating. Using the resonance of quartz makes sense, but to make great AR coatings, you might need 10 layers, all at specific thicknesses, and even if you rotated the target (and moved the source boat), I think achieving 250nm +/- 10nm is an impossible task, but I'd be fascinated to see how you approach this. My idea to combat the problem is this: You're making AR coatings, so using laser light could be key. As in, imagine you have a laser attached to a peltier (the temperature allows you to cheaply tune the frequency), and you use a beam expander to shoot it perpendicular to the flat surface of the target. A camera watching the return (or passed) wavelengths. If you used multiple lasers at multiple wavelengths sequentially (or use a rainbow dichroic filter that allows you to select narrow wavelengths from a broad spectrum light source), then when the coating was only 1/3rd done, you could assess where the coating was building up too quickly. A camera with the IR/UV/Bayer layer removed from the sensor could meaningfully sense from 200nm to 1400nm. Then through a combination of an electromagnetic array aperture between boat and target, and moving the positions of boat / target, you could both achieve a more even coat for that run, and in general start to understand better how to get an even coating. As far as a 'popular video' on youtube goes, I think a lot of people are frustrated when they scratch their reading glasses, but if you polish out the scratches you remove the AR coating. If you were able to 'restore to new' some reading glasses, I think that would get a lot of views and be entertaining to watch! Thanks again
Thanks for the suggestions. Making good broadband AR coatings is indeed an art, and generally done in bulk to make it economically viable. I'm not sure you need 10 layers, I think you can achieve pretty good results with less than 5. It's actually a complete field by itself within pvd and I will certainly look into it. I sometimes do restoration of lens surfaces. Being able to reapply an AR coating, even a simple one, would be a big bonus I guess.
The sheer level of commitment to your craft is inspiring. This is what quality youtube looks like. To work for all those months to produce a small round piece of glass, shiny and chrome. More beautiful than a diamond, given we know the processes that went into creating it. Absolutely amazing channel sir, hoping to see more of your videos in the future.
Nice video! It brought back a lot of memories from my 'working life'. 'Been there, done that' sort of things. I was involved in developing vacuum coating systems in a company that started from scratch (as I did too).
Duuuuuuuude! This PVD machine itself is more than a hobby! My highest respect for you, mate! And cheers for this perfect video explaining so well and so much! You are gorgeous!!!
I'm in awe of what you've done. You make what few accomplishments I've achieved trivial by comparison. I am thoroughly enjoying your videos and thank you for making them available.
Watching my collection of lenses and an old agfa camera, infested with fungus, I got interested in vacuum deposition. I did not get involved but underwent several setbacks on my projects. Your commentary reveals your steadfast determination and the doer in you. All the "junk" you have collected over the years will surely and quietly find an application you had in mind, even if it takes centuries! Best wishes!
Well, mold inthe AR coating is relatively easy to remove with pitch polishing. That is, if you know what you are doing of course. Getting a new coating on is a different subject. That is generaaly very expensive. But sometimes it is not even nescessary to have lens surfaces coated it it is just one, because not all surfaces are equally sensitive to ghost reflections.
@@HuygensOptics thanks for your reply! Those were very old multi element glass lenses, some bound with balsam, which is not used these days. After safely cleaning the exposed surfaces, there were no new abrasions but the periphery had coating tortuous radial veins of lost surface coatings. I do not want to remove the remaining coating! It's a large format camera which could handle color film! I have made small high voltage transformers (max 200 milliamperes) later all of them were the shunted type, to handle short duration short circuits.
I'm interning now, as thin film design engineer, I got into this after watching Ben on applied science and built a dc sputtering magnatron of my own which helped me land this internship. what you built is very impressive! I could easily watch a 3 hour video of you explaining everything you did in detail lol even though making that video would require more time then it took to build the thing. If your interested in designing more complex coatings let me know i might be able to help.
@@HuygensOptics designing isn’t that bad once you understand the basics software is very powerful and very helpful. I am slowly learning the actual coating technic as most work is done on the machines set up for e beam deposition are manual, the IBS is only automatic one we have, altho since my background is mainly mechanical engineering I’m gonna be helping automate the other machines.
As someone who used to work with plasma cleaning and deposition, and ultrahigh vacuum systems, I take my hat off to you sir. Also, you got lucky with that turbo pump - I've seen the after effects of one which let use while running and it wasn't pretty. Great channel and keep up to good work.
What you are doing in your garage is God damn impressive. I make shoes at home to a professional level but this makes me feel like a caveman just banging two rocks together. Amazing.
What a delight to find this video, impressive work and very interesting. Regarding the making of flat surfaces, a couple come to mind: 1) lapping, 2) scraping For a brief 10 years of my career I had the best mix of domains leveraging a background in electrical & software engineering with a love of manufacturing and desire to help people. Also having parents who where machinists (mother & siblings raised in and around a machine shop). I kind of continued the tradition having worked with various manufacturers using an advanced (for it's time) CAD/CAM (parametric solid modeling & associative CNC programming software) across several industries. Although my clients were appreciative, I usually felt I learned more than they did from our exchange. Today I work as a software engineer, but within the Fintech industry. However, I'm a home-machinist enthusiast with a small, humble shop of machines, fabrication tools, & geometric measuring tools. Obtaining flat surfaces through simple & inexpensive means is very doable... Even if you have no flat surfaces to start with. The "3 plate method" of lapping can provide you a set of perfectly flat surfaces, although for relatively few $ you can buy a certified flat slab of granite. I love your work and will be "working" my way through your videos shortly. Thank you for posting your video. Lapping: th-cam.com/video/ATG_UYYfx7w/w-d-xo.html Scraping: m.th-cam.com/video/4FS2YI3U_cc/w-d-xo.html
Incredible indeed. A complex task that need a lot of varied Skills - like TIG :) - for an individual to undertake. Your explanation is also great though you can't elaborate all the nitty-gritty in short videos. As someone here suggested please consider writing a book on DIY PVD. Thank you.
Very impressive. The combination of talents from concept to completion ie basic mechanical skills the tig welding. the polishing the electronics design the Arduino and its programming. etc. a man of many talents! while I dont have a need for any PVD related projects watching your video is making me think I might. Keep up the impressive work
Fantastic effort, and I can't wait to see what you do with it. I would certainly have appreciated a detailed build vlog, but I do appreciate that would have meant a higher workload for you. Afterall, it is a means to an end, so the devices you create are the real goal. Thank you for sharing.
Found your channel from looking at the variable mirror experiment and wound up spending hours checking out the other gems, time well spent even if watching at 1.75x to get more info in less time. You rock, thanks for sharing your mind. Tesla would be proud at the level of sharing expertise. Thanks again.
Mind blowing stuff.. The piezoelectric crystal's mass and induced change in resonance frequency to measure the thickness of coating is really impressive science
I am amazed 👏 To deposit silver on glass you typically deposit a thin layer something which sticks to glass. I believe it is usually titanium. Worth to lookup the literature.
I use to prepare SEM samples with a sputter coater (Au/Pt). Always loved watching the blue/purple colored plasma during the process. PVD and CVD are so interesting. Lithography for semiconductors is so fascinating. There was interest in microwave ovens that created plasma between 2 grapes. One application mentioned was to increase Moore's law in the lithography process. My interest lies in how biology produces metallic enzyme cofactors.
I love your videos after recently finding them, though at times, to quite a degree I am struggling to comprehend some of the finer points of what is going on, your shop creations are on quite a different level than my simple construction. I have heard it said, it is better to be lucky than good, so with that in mind, I am glad that while you live vicariously on the creative edge, you haven't gotten injured playing... from grenading turbos or high voltage plasma power supply units among other things that could hinder you from making such interesting and entertaining videos about working out working with technology the average person would find a bit too daunting in a small home shop type environment. Thank you for making videos like this to help encourage the little guys to realize how much really is more than achievable, albeit less common to find being done in a small business shop. Laugh! I look forward to seeing your video making a paper making style machine to produce high quality sheets of graphene or whatever other jaw dropping things you tinker with, or show us other folks we have never heard about before are doing... 👍😎👍
This is amazing. It is my dream to have the resources to build my own vacuum deposition tools. I find it fascinating how much control can be had over these processes.
I work in the semiconductor industry and have heard of PVD a few times but never got to see how it works (I work in thermal annealing). Thanks for the informative video.
Wow, great job! When I first saw this video suggestion I though how hard could that be. But...wow. Being spoiled like I am buying components I need makes it so much easier. I need to do something like this at the house for a hobby.
I was always late returning films. I could have deposited them in a drop-off box on my way to work, but I would generally forget, and Blockbuster would kill me in late fees. With Netflix, I don't know that your plans for depositing thin films are needed anymore. I think you are about 15 years too late, but I am no expert. I hope this feeds the algorithm. Very cool.
Wow, this takes me back ! :-) In my early career, I spent a lot of time around high-vacuum and vacuum-evaporation systems. I ran an ultra-high vacuum system when I was doing semiconductor research at university (10^-9 torr), using ion pumps and a TSP (titanium sublimation pump). Turbomolecular pumps of that era had high pumping speeds, but couldn’t get to the vacuum levels we needed. (I dunno, maybe they still can’t, or maybe they were just too expensive compared to ion pumps back the ?) In my first job in industry, I ran a lab that had 3 vacuum evaporators and an ion implanter in it. Those systems all used diffusion pumps, and I grew so tired of tearing down and cleaning/repairing diffusion pumps that in my next job I didn’t let on that I knew anything about high vacuum 😆 It’s been decades now, though, and I’d kind of enjoy tinkering with high vacuum again, even a diffusion pump :-) I love your material and can’t wait to see what you end up doing with your new PVD system!
Well, vacuum technolog is actualy quite a lot of fun, as long at you don't have to repair and clean stuff all the time, which unfortunately happens a lot if you use old equiment... (;-)
Love the video! Am a matsci grad student and I've used the cleanroom's thermal evaporator quite often (also an ancient e-beam evaporator and a more modern sputtering tool). And yeah, I've had a turbo catastrophically fail once and torque the chamber around quite a bit. Ever seen a conflat bellows get torqued around into a tiny little twist - it ain't pretty!
Channel is criminally underrated.
I don't know, it's doing about 50 times better than me. Which is fair.
@@kevinbissinger Not sure. Applied Science, which featured his channel some timely ago, is equally technical and has many more subscribers.
@@kevinbissinger Applied Science got big after some media picked up his DIY electron microscope, which he also showed at a Maker Faire. In the same sense that Huygens probably gathered a lot of subscribers after AS linked a video of his in his own video. I would have never known about Huygens and never subscribed if AS hadn't linked it.
Media exposure is definitely not a democratic or logical process based on quality or content. Rather there is a lot of luck and "critical mass" involved. With enough subscribers, your videos will get recommended more to people not already subscribed, so you have a lot more potential to get the videos viewed by people who are potentially interested in it.
@Alexander Gräf @Kevin Bissinger Your comments made me think about this a little more and I realized that I'm actually not interested in getting a lot of subscribers at all. In fact I would have made these videos regardles whether there are 500 or 500K. I just want to reach an audience with similar interest as I have and hopefully interact with them. So if that is just a small group, that is just fine with me. I would be surprised if my subscriber count would ever go over 10K and frankly I have no desire that it will.
@@HuygensOptics Idk, Marco Reps, who also watches your videos and also does very technical videos, has 176K subscribers, and that doesn't seem to hurt him. Plus, with a larger viewer base and maybe even a Patreon, you might be able to afford more stuff you can use as-is, instead of having to build it yourself - or just being out of reach at all. Even used stuff from Ebay can be quite expensive.
Brilliant! I want to make NiCr thin film resistors on ceramic substrates some day and am taking notes :)
Maybe it's time for a joint project Marco. I might even have some Hoechst ltcc materials in my cupboard...
Probably going to want to sputter that.
very cool, we now have inventors gatherings organized by the TH-cam algorithm, See you both on the next video :)
I have a
Project also.
Ni is tricky for thermal evaporation, it corrodes refractory metals immediately when liquid. Cr can be deposited from special Cr plated electrodes from solid state. I failed to get any successful results with Ni whatsoever. Lesker guide ( www.lesker.com/newweb/deposition_materials/materialdepositionchart.cfm?pgid=0 ) recommends using Al2O3 coated boats, so that should work. Or sputtering.
I was completely blown away by the craftsmanship, technical skill and expertise required; this is work for several teams over years, not alone, and in such a short space of time.
Utterly gobsmacked that you're doing this as an individual. It really is remarkable work and your explanations and presentation of content is excellent. Thank you.
In Moscow University, we had such lab of 2 rooms, it was run by one woman who applied films, and one man who polished substrates. And it consumed lots of ethanol to clean which was once more rectified before use. They took orders from all university and outsude for specipic mirrors for lasers, experiments etc.
man, I must say I'm impressed. Having worked on these kind of machines in clean rooms, I know how fragile and finicky they are even profesionnally maintained on a regular basis, so building some with repaired defective parts that takes some perseverance and dedication.
He made a thermal PVD! In his home! Who is this guy ? Is he mad? Absolutely incredible. Hats off to you.
Really nice work! How did you bond the copper cooling pipes in the glass feed through for the boat holder? That turbopump spin-down noise must have had very high pucker factor!
Hi Ben, thanks for stopping by. The pipes were bonded using a vacuum compatible epoxy (Araldite 2020). Because these joints would stay cool during use, there was no reason for using special metal-to-glass joints, which would have been way more difficult to realise. The pipes have a very narrow fit in the glass disk, so the amount of epoxy surface in contact with the chamber is negligible anyway. The turbo actually did not spin down fast, it displayed these short irregular blips in the frequency, almost as if the filter was "dancing" on top of the rotor, extracting small amounts of kinetic energy from it each time it touched the top of the rotor blades. I consider myself very lucky that it did not end up between the blades...
very cool, we now have inventors gatherings organized by the TH-cam algorithm, See you both on the next video :)
Going from 0 experience to medium/high-vacuum quality Tig welds is also very impressive! Overall machine wiring was very clean as well
Pucker factor? More like shit a brick. If I even thought something got loose in my TMP I would hit the floor in terror for fear of shrapnel to my body and to my wallet.
@@fizzyplazmuh9024 yea its gnarly, a colleague sent one to the junk yard just with droplet condensation. Apparently newer TMP's are more "resilient" but I'm skeptical. For my work diffusion pump and cryo get where we need and we like em for their resilience and serviceability
You sir are one of the most brilliant people I have seen in my 84 years of life working as an Engineer for 60 years, where I have met several brilliant engineers. Seeing what you built by yourself is amazing.
This is the most amazing video I have seen on YT. After seeing metal deposition inside an incandescent light bulb I have been interested in doing something like this. BUT after seeing what is required.. well.. forget it.. :):):)
Thanks for sharing.
I came across this video years ago wondering how anyone would find a DIY application for this but now I’m back so thanks for making this!
You basically built a lot of the equipment we had in my grad lab. What an amazing setup!
Indeed.
Mad respect for you bud. I can only imagine the long hours and tedious work you went through. When you condense it down to a 15 minute video a lot of people don't realize how much work you really did.
bud, show some respect
And no-one is mentioning the very diverse, and high level skill sets used. You just don't encounter individuals like this very often in life.
my word, you are VERY clever. I'm grateful to live in a world with people like you. Fascinating.
I'm really impressed. I worked in a wafer fab thin film department for 10 years and I never disassembled the turbo pump down to this level.
Mind blowing. Is it the most technologically advanced work achieved by an individual on youtube?
Depends on your angle of view I guess. Maybe look at Applied Science. But it's pretty far out in terms of "private person builds crazy scientific stuff in basement" :-)
I mean, that teenager who built a working fusion chamber in his bedroom!!! That is some savant level Lego skill right there.
Its definitely up there, if you like this scale of individual accomplishment check out Ben from applied science's homemade electron microscope :)
I think The Thought Emporium has made something similar, if not exactly the same. Though I think that video was posted after this one came out.
@@WanderTheNomad thought emporium is a schoolkid compared to this guy in terms of actual technical knowledge. his setup also barely worked and only with a couple metals when this is just amazing performance with really strong bonding.
One hint for future high vacuum welding: Start your weld 10mm next to the parts you want to weld together and move on from there. Then, before releasing the trigger, again move 10mm away from the weld.
Like this, you will eliminate many leaks because leaks often occure at the starting or finishing point of a weld. If the starting and stopping point is on solid material and not on the gap, you won't have a leak there.
I'm not a professional welder too but have worked 7 years as a maintenance technician on a jumbo-size Glass PVD-Coater. The chamber of these is around 100 meters long, containing 220 Turbo molecular pumps.
Also I want to say that this is an awesome Project! Thanks for the video.
Watching your video is like giving myself a brain massage! Thank you!
Ok this is just impressive, i have been watching a lot of people do advanced DIY projects, but this pushes the horizon a fair bit further for me. Wish you the best of luck in achieving your goals.
Yeah! Super excited to find this. I'm a college physics/math instructor and I just did a lot of thin film interference videos, but I've never really learned how they are manufactured in practice.
I looked up some of the videos (on the fluoride layers) on your channel. Well done and very clear explanations on how to calculate layer thickness!
@@HuygensOptics thanks! looking forward to digging into your channel as well -- Zak
You're not a man - you're the industry yourself! I'm stunned
Respect!
Very nice job. I genuinely appreciate the inclusion of the missteps that occurred for our enlightenment, we learn by our mistakes.
And I was feeling pleased with myself for building a setup to control camera direction for astrophotography.
I built a handcart, this guy builds a lorry.
Still, inspires me to do more, much more. Thanks for posting.
Amazing! Thank you for being so candid about the bits that did not go so well, I learn a lot when the negatives are shared as well as the positives.
Oh and well done!
I wasn't looking at the screen when you talked about the turbo accident, so I nearly burned myself when I got distracted from cooking by the "oh shit" moment it gave me. Glad you got lucky, and I'm really looking forward to the next videos!!
I hope Mr. Huygens is a lecturer or teacher in any form, as his content is didactically splendid! 👏
I have no idea about what are you doing at the beginning but after watching i learned a lot. Thanks for such a nice demonstration!
Amazing. My father worked at Cambridge instruments in the 1970s and told me about the vacuum pumps they were using for the electron microscopes. You really don't want to be near those during a problem. Great video.
honestly great accomplishment. This PVD Machine build.
The skill that I see here is the varied and multiple discipline skills that are needed to design, build, operate and evaluate this project from the ground up covering electronics, electrics, mechanics and physics to name but a few. Excellent channel.
Nice work! Brings back a lot of memories, I used to write control software for commercial PVD & IBD systems. I once dumped a turbo pump to air which made a mighty whistle (luckily the turbo survived). Dumping one to aluminium is very spectacular 😂
The amount of knowledge and skills demonstrated in depth on this channel is just mind boggling. Thank you for sharing your experience with us!
Incredibly complex procedures made simple by your explanation. Amazing you are doing this as an individual
This set up is so intimidating. The dedication is impressive.
Delightful video! I have vacuum systems experience but none with PVD. Thank you for sharing so much experience. I have just about finished accumulating the pumps and tanks to start coating my own optics. Rather than a boat, I am using a CO2 laser ported into the chamber through it's own ZnSe focal lens to provide the heating. Since my 80W beam creates large amounts of silica fume when targeting glass even in open air, I suspect it will provide more than enough heat to vaporize several of the materials I want to use under vacuum. Wish me luck. Even if I fail I still enjoy the learning process immensly.
wow !!
The amount of knowledge required to make such equipment is huge!! Thanks
I really hope your channel becomes the new big thing! Your authentic (in youtube terms), terrifyingly scientific way of presenting the information makes me feel like a real scientist, even though I'm just an engineer, and this is what society needs (I mean other people's feelings too, i'd love society to need me to feel good but oh well), in my opinion. Not to mention the superb quality of the info you share, you are combining best parts of the scientific method and youtube trends in a truly fascinating way!
This looks very similar to the system I was using to deposit gold (around 200 angstroms) on Mylar film for microphones. I used a small diffusion pump and a tungsten boat with a big truck battery charger for a power supply (maybe 50 amps), and I only waited to around half a micron of vacuum. I was lucky that the deposition time didn’t cause a problem with heating. Great to see another similar setup!
Christ, watching this channel feels like being a kid, hanging out with the "neighborhood crazy professor" or something. I feel like I'm learning so many cool things, but I'm also worried things could go wrong at some point (like with the turbo). However, this guy obviously seems to know his stuff! The MacGyver of Optics
Excellent work and video! Please, write a book sort of "PVD from scratch", "PVD for the homebrewer", "PVD for Dummies" or something like that, I would love to buy it and try something similar! You are very talented, congratulations!
The irony... I just dropped about $4000 on difussion pumps, rotary vane pumps, thermocouple gauges, cold cathode gauges, stainless fittings, tig welding conversion kit for my mig welder. And here you are doing what I'm about to do. Neat to see Applied Science caught on to this video, I'm definitely taking a lot of inspiration there.
Just curious, what are your plans for the system you will be building?
@@HuygensOptics I have a two ideas that stand out most, my first project will be condenser microphones, sputtering the diaphragm with varying metals. And second will be for telescope optics. I may experiment with some photovoltaics, semiconductors, or displays, but not much beyond giving myself a bit of a chuckle to say I did it. Maybe down the road an affordable electron microscope will turn up randomly, cause I'd love to do some backwards engineering of some chips.
For now though, it's more like a puzzle of what materials I can collect and assemble together. I'm still weighting my options on what kind of chamber to use. Glass bell jars are beautiful, but also really expensive. Pyrex cylinders I've been eyeing a lot more lately as they are very affordable. Or maybe I'll get lucky and an affordable vacuum chamber will turn up on ebay or locally. One can dream.
@@TickyTack23great stuff looks like you have quite a journey ahead of you! Maybe you should consider doing a little photolithography as well or use shadow masks (as was shown in the latest Breaking Taps video). Anyway good luck!
Browsing youtube while waiting for the supplier to fix the commercial PVD tool where I work and I am gobsmacked that you just built one at home from scraps. Hats off sir. Before we know you might have a low cost DIY CMOS fab at home.
*THAT WAS EXCITING TO WATCH, EVEN THOUGH IT WAS MORE OF AN EXERCISE OF SIMPLY LISTENING WHILE ATTEMPTING TO UNDERSTAND, BUT FUN.* *THANKS FOR SHARING.*
Nice work. I spent 29 years working in thin film optical coatings. E-guns, resistive sources, and sputtering. Enjoyed watching and listening.
Puedo asegurar que cualquiera de los que hemos terminado de ver este vídeo, ha quedado sorprendido. Nunca imaginé encontrarme con esto en TH-cam ¡es increíble! Muchas gracias por compartir tu grandioso conocimiento.
Working in the field, and this video is astonishing !!! I stay impressed by your work, respect.
And the result is always satisfying.
Awesome. What I love about this video is that you explain every little part of the device and what it does in the overall process, which all makes perfect sense. This demystifies what would otherwise look like an overly complex looking piece of science equipment that looks like something you'd see at the end of a particle accelerator or something. The fact you made this on your own... mind blowing!
I gotta say thank you so much, its not often epic level particle physics is explained like this for average laypeople with real work examples and video. Thank you so much!
Fascinating. Having done this as a student at a TU on 20 year old machines only and here seeing someone building his own with a lot of detail that was never mentioned. Thanks!
For a few hours of practice, your welds look really good. It takes years of practice to be able to lay down welds like you see on these fabrication videos. I don’t weld for a living anymore but I try to weld a couple hours a week keep my skills sharp, even so I can’t weld anywhere near as good as I could when I was doing it 12 hours a day.
Truly phenomenal work. I've torn down and repaired turbos before, done a bit of tig welding, a bit of plasma cleaning, a splash of sputtering, and a fair bit of work with vacuum system design, but the fact that you're doing ALL of it without any guide or advice is absolutely insane.
Can't wait to finish my PhD so I have more time to tackle projects like this.
Somehow DIY and PVD seem to contradict each other. But you managed to put them together, I'm very impressed
We had a faulty turbo pump delivered as replacement once in our lab and it worked about 3 days before it literally exploding. The insides were sphaghtetti but some of the fins flew out and peppered the walls, some got stuck as well. It was very lucky no one was inside that lab in the moment.
Fantastic video as always, when you release a video I immediately stop what I'm doing and watch it, and often go through your back-catalogue. Thank you for filming and releasing the work you do, its got to be a lot of work!
I think for myself making a PVD chamber is possible, but what I think is extremely hard is being able to make consistent thicknesses of coating. Using the resonance of quartz makes sense, but to make great AR coatings, you might need 10 layers, all at specific thicknesses, and even if you rotated the target (and moved the source boat), I think achieving 250nm +/- 10nm is an impossible task, but I'd be fascinated to see how you approach this.
My idea to combat the problem is this: You're making AR coatings, so using laser light could be key. As in, imagine you have a laser attached to a peltier (the temperature allows you to cheaply tune the frequency), and you use a beam expander to shoot it perpendicular to the flat surface of the target. A camera watching the return (or passed) wavelengths. If you used multiple lasers at multiple wavelengths sequentially (or use a rainbow dichroic filter that allows you to select narrow wavelengths from a broad spectrum light source), then when the coating was only 1/3rd done, you could assess where the coating was building up too quickly. A camera with the IR/UV/Bayer layer removed from the sensor could meaningfully sense from 200nm to 1400nm. Then through a combination of an electromagnetic array aperture between boat and target, and moving the positions of boat / target, you could both achieve a more even coat for that run, and in general start to understand better how to get an even coating.
As far as a 'popular video' on youtube goes, I think a lot of people are frustrated when they scratch their reading glasses, but if you polish out the scratches you remove the AR coating. If you were able to 'restore to new' some reading glasses, I think that would get a lot of views and be entertaining to watch!
Thanks again
Thanks for the suggestions. Making good broadband AR coatings is indeed an art, and generally done in bulk to make it economically viable. I'm not sure you need 10 layers, I think you can achieve pretty good results with less than 5. It's actually a complete field by itself within pvd and I will certainly look into it. I sometimes do restoration of lens surfaces. Being able to reapply an AR coating, even a simple one, would be a big bonus I guess.
This is what TH-cam was made for. Thank you for this tour de force and sharing your mistakes.
The sheer level of commitment to your craft is inspiring. This is what quality youtube looks like. To work for all those months to produce a small round piece of glass, shiny and chrome. More beautiful than a diamond, given we know the processes that went into creating it.
Absolutely amazing channel sir, hoping to see more of your videos in the future.
Nice video! It brought back a lot of memories from my 'working life'. 'Been there, done that' sort of things. I was involved in developing vacuum coating systems in a company that started from scratch (as I did too).
Absolutely amazing work. I can't begin to understand the total effort that has gone in to this, but I'm glad you shared it. Very interesting!
This is a rare example of a perfect TH-cam video.
It's channels like yours that make youtube worthwhile, thank you
Duuuuuuuude! This PVD machine itself is more than a hobby!
My highest respect for you, mate!
And cheers for this perfect video explaining so well and so much!
You are gorgeous!!!
I'm in awe of what you've done. You make what few accomplishments I've achieved trivial by comparison. I am thoroughly enjoying your videos and thank you for making them available.
I also have damaged a turbo myself its very infuriating to know something happened because of your own mistakes, this is an amaizing build btw
Watching my collection of lenses and an old agfa camera, infested with fungus, I got interested in vacuum deposition.
I did not get involved but underwent several setbacks on my projects.
Your commentary reveals your steadfast determination and the doer in you. All the "junk" you have collected over the years will surely and quietly find an application you had in mind, even if it takes centuries!
Best wishes!
Well, mold inthe AR coating is relatively easy to remove with pitch polishing. That is, if you know what you are doing of course. Getting a new coating on is a different subject. That is generaaly very expensive. But sometimes it is not even nescessary to have lens surfaces coated it it is just one, because not all surfaces are equally sensitive to ghost reflections.
@@HuygensOptics thanks for your reply!
Those were very old multi element glass lenses, some bound with balsam, which is not used these days. After safely cleaning the exposed surfaces, there were no new abrasions but the periphery had coating tortuous radial veins of lost surface coatings.
I do not want to remove the remaining coating!
It's a large format camera which could handle color film!
I have made small high voltage transformers (max 200 milliamperes) later all of them were the shunted type, to handle short duration short circuits.
Been binging your channel the past week. Wish I had an uncle/grandpa/etc like yourself, I'd learn so much!
Wow, I think this is one of those DIYs that I'm just going to hire out if I ever need to do any PVD for a project.
Me too, next time...
I'm interning now, as thin film design engineer, I got into this after watching Ben on applied science and built a dc sputtering magnatron of my own which helped me land this internship. what you built is very impressive! I could easily watch a 3 hour video of you explaining everything you did in detail lol even though making that video would require more time then it took to build the thing. If your interested in designing more complex coatings let me know i might be able to help.
Thanks. Making good coatings is a true art which requires a lot of practice. It is good to know an artist.
@@HuygensOptics designing isn’t that bad once you understand the basics software is very powerful and very helpful. I am slowly learning the actual coating technic as most work is done on the machines set up for e beam deposition are manual, the IBS is only automatic one we have, altho since my background is mainly mechanical engineering I’m gonna be helping automate the other machines.
As someone who used to work with plasma cleaning and deposition, and ultrahigh vacuum systems, I take my hat off to you sir. Also, you got lucky with that turbo pump - I've seen the after effects of one which let use while running and it wasn't pretty. Great channel and keep up to good work.
What you are doing in your garage is God damn impressive. I make shoes at home to a professional level but this makes me feel like a caveman just banging two rocks together. Amazing.
Congrats on getting your PVD done! Looking forward to sitting down and taking a good look at this video :D
Great video., I am amazed that the turbo was not destroyed. Awesome engineering!
What a delight to find this video, impressive work and very interesting.
Regarding the making of flat surfaces, a couple come to mind: 1) lapping, 2) scraping
For a brief 10 years of my career I had the best mix of domains leveraging a background in electrical & software engineering with a love of manufacturing and desire to help people. Also having parents who where machinists (mother & siblings raised in and around a machine shop). I kind of continued the tradition having worked with various manufacturers using an advanced (for it's time) CAD/CAM (parametric solid modeling & associative CNC programming software) across several industries. Although my clients were appreciative, I usually felt I learned more than they did from our exchange.
Today I work as a software engineer, but within the Fintech industry. However, I'm a home-machinist enthusiast with a small, humble shop of machines, fabrication tools, & geometric measuring tools.
Obtaining flat surfaces through simple & inexpensive means is very doable... Even if you have no flat surfaces to start with. The "3 plate method" of lapping can provide you a set of perfectly flat surfaces, although for relatively few $ you can buy a certified flat slab of granite.
I love your work and will be "working" my way through your videos shortly.
Thank you for posting your video.
Lapping: th-cam.com/video/ATG_UYYfx7w/w-d-xo.html
Scraping: m.th-cam.com/video/4FS2YI3U_cc/w-d-xo.html
The chamber you made looks like an incredible piece of work. Congratulation!
Incredible indeed. A complex task that need a lot of varied Skills - like TIG :) - for an individual to undertake. Your explanation is also great though you can't elaborate all the nitty-gritty in short videos. As someone here suggested please consider writing a book on DIY PVD. Thank you.
Very impressive. The combination of talents from concept to completion ie basic mechanical skills the tig welding. the polishing the electronics design the Arduino and its programming. etc. a man of many talents! while I dont have a need for any PVD related projects watching your video is making me think I might. Keep up the impressive work
That PVD is so well made! Excellent work and thank you as always. I like the system diagram, LCD, welds and every detail.
And tomorrow, he will show us how to build a nuclear power plant with recycled parts, but with the aim of making optical components! Hats off ^^
This is incredible... Really impressive the amount of knowledge you're carrying around!
This channel is fantastic, I have so much respect for this guy, his content reminds me of applied science
Fantastic effort, and I can't wait to see what you do with it. I would certainly have appreciated a detailed build vlog, but I do appreciate that would have meant a higher workload for you. Afterall, it is a means to an end, so the devices you create are the real goal. Thank you for sharing.
Yeah it's always a bit of a dilemma: time spend on videos can't be spend on making stuff. I try to find a balance that allows a bit of both.
What a delight it is to stumble upon this channel ! Great explanation and terrific presentation quality, looking forward to more !
Found your channel from looking at the variable mirror experiment and wound up spending hours checking out the other gems, time well spent even if watching at 1.75x to get more info in less time. You rock, thanks for sharing your mind. Tesla would be proud at the level of sharing expertise. Thanks again.
Mind blowing stuff.. The piezoelectric crystal's mass and induced change in resonance frequency to measure the thickness of coating is really impressive science
you knocked it out of the ball park, love it.
Great explanations without scaring people off. Thank you.
Amazing. I’m so glad the algorithm blessed me with your channel. Keep it up please!
I am amazed 👏
To deposit silver on glass you typically deposit a thin layer something which sticks to glass. I believe it is usually titanium. Worth to lookup the literature.
I use to prepare SEM samples with a sputter coater (Au/Pt). Always loved watching the blue/purple colored plasma during the process. PVD and CVD are so interesting. Lithography for semiconductors is so fascinating. There was interest in microwave ovens that created plasma between 2 grapes. One application mentioned was to increase Moore's law in the lithography process. My interest lies in how biology produces metallic enzyme cofactors.
I now understand why ASML is in the Netherlands. Amazing work.
Applied Materials in US is the key producer of deposition equipments, ASML is a lithography equipment manufacturer.
Just 😮 wow! Big big WOW! Someone that SMART doing science like this it deserves at least more likes and views
I love your videos after recently finding them, though at times, to quite a degree I am struggling to comprehend some of the finer points of what is going on, your shop creations are on quite a different level than my simple construction. I have heard it said, it is better to be lucky than good, so with that in mind, I am glad that while you live vicariously on the creative edge, you haven't gotten injured playing... from grenading turbos or high voltage plasma power supply units among other things that could hinder you from making such interesting and entertaining videos about working out working with technology the average person would find a bit too daunting in a small home shop type environment. Thank you for making videos like this to help encourage the little guys to realize how much really is more than achievable, albeit less common to find being done in a small business shop. Laugh! I look forward to seeing your video making a paper making style machine to produce high quality sheets of graphene or whatever other jaw dropping things you tinker with, or show us other folks we have never heard about before are doing... 👍😎👍
This is amazing. It is my dream to have the resources to build my own vacuum deposition tools. I find it fascinating how much control can be had over these processes.
I work in the semiconductor industry and have heard of PVD a few times but never got to see how it works (I work in thermal annealing). Thanks for the informative video.
Wow, great job! When I first saw this video suggestion I though how hard could that be. But...wow. Being spoiled like I am buying components I need makes it so much easier. I need to do something like this at the house for a hobby.
I was always late returning films. I could have deposited them in a drop-off box on my way to work, but I would generally forget, and Blockbuster would kill me in late fees. With Netflix, I don't know that your plans for depositing thin films are needed anymore. I think you are about 15 years too late, but I am no expert. I hope this feeds the algorithm. Very cool.
This is not the average DIY quality level. So you get a DQI of 0.8!!! THX for the interesting video!
Fanatic. Your presentation and explanation was very clear and concise.
Well done!
Wow, this takes me back ! :-)
In my early career, I spent a lot of time around high-vacuum and vacuum-evaporation systems. I ran an ultra-high vacuum system when I was doing semiconductor research at university (10^-9 torr), using ion pumps and a TSP (titanium sublimation pump). Turbomolecular pumps of that era had high pumping speeds, but couldn’t get to the vacuum levels we needed. (I dunno, maybe they still can’t, or maybe they were just too expensive compared to ion pumps back the ?)
In my first job in industry, I ran a lab that had 3 vacuum evaporators and an ion implanter in it. Those systems all used diffusion pumps, and I grew so tired of tearing down and cleaning/repairing diffusion pumps that in my next job I didn’t let on that I knew anything about high vacuum 😆
It’s been decades now, though, and I’d kind of enjoy tinkering with high vacuum again, even a diffusion pump :-)
I love your material and can’t wait to see what you end up doing with your new PVD system!
Well, vacuum technolog is actualy quite a lot of fun, as long at you don't have to repair and clean stuff all the time, which unfortunately happens a lot if you use old equiment... (;-)
Brilliant engineering skills. Amazing that you are able to do this all by yourself.
Pure TH-cam gold! Can't wait for the optical logic updates
I have worked in this field and you have done an awesome job, so skilled ! lucky with your pump though !...cheers.
Love the video! Am a matsci grad student and I've used the cleanroom's thermal evaporator quite often (also an ancient e-beam evaporator and a more modern sputtering tool). And yeah, I've had a turbo catastrophically fail once and torque the chamber around quite a bit. Ever seen a conflat bellows get torqued around into a tiny little twist - it ain't pretty!