DIY Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) using Thermal Evaporation
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 11 มิ.ย. 2024
- This video discusses the building process of a system for doing Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD).
0:00 Intro
1:09 Thin film technology
1:56 Principle of PVD
3:22 Limitations of thermal evaporation
4:48 Thermal source construction
5:50 Required vacuum conditions
7:25 System layout and construction
9:25 Turbo screw up
10:25 Technical aspects
12:02 Plasma cleaning
14:02 Quick evaporation tests
Apart from some technical aspects of the machine, I also discuss the background of thermal evaporation as a technique to do PVD. The system will be used in the future to make small optical devices using photolithography. - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
Channel is criminally underrated.
I don't know, it's doing about 50 times better than me. Which is fair.
@@kevinbissinger Not sure. Applied Science, which featured his channel some timely ago, is equally technical and has many more subscribers.
@@kevinbissinger Applied Science got big after some media picked up his DIY electron microscope, which he also showed at a Maker Faire. In the same sense that Huygens probably gathered a lot of subscribers after AS linked a video of his in his own video. I would have never known about Huygens and never subscribed if AS hadn't linked it.
Media exposure is definitely not a democratic or logical process based on quality or content. Rather there is a lot of luck and "critical mass" involved. With enough subscribers, your videos will get recommended more to people not already subscribed, so you have a lot more potential to get the videos viewed by people who are potentially interested in it.
@Alexander Gräf @Kevin Bissinger Your comments made me think about this a little more and I realized that I'm actually not interested in getting a lot of subscribers at all. In fact I would have made these videos regardles whether there are 500 or 500K. I just want to reach an audience with similar interest as I have and hopefully interact with them. So if that is just a small group, that is just fine with me. I would be surprised if my subscriber count would ever go over 10K and frankly I have no desire that it will.
@@HuygensOptics Idk, Marco Reps, who also watches your videos and also does very technical videos, has 176K subscribers, and that doesn't seem to hurt him. Plus, with a larger viewer base and maybe even a Patreon, you might be able to afford more stuff you can use as-is, instead of having to build it yourself - or just being out of reach at all. Even used stuff from Ebay can be quite expensive.
Brilliant! I want to make NiCr thin film resistors on ceramic substrates some day and am taking notes :)
Maybe it's time for a joint project Marco. I might even have some Hoechst ltcc materials in my cupboard...
Probably going to want to sputter that.
very cool, we now have inventors gatherings organized by the TH-cam algorithm, See you both on the next video :)
I have a
Project also.
Ni is tricky for thermal evaporation, it corrodes refractory metals immediately when liquid. Cr can be deposited from special Cr plated electrodes from solid state. I failed to get any successful results with Ni whatsoever. Lesker guide ( www.lesker.com/newweb/deposition_materials/materialdepositionchart.cfm?pgid=0 ) recommends using Al2O3 coated boats, so that should work. Or sputtering.
Utterly gobsmacked that you're doing this as an individual. It really is remarkable work and your explanations and presentation of content is excellent. Thank you.
In Moscow University, we had such lab of 2 rooms, it was run by one woman who applied films, and one man who polished substrates. And it consumed lots of ethanol to clean which was once more rectified before use. They took orders from all university and outsude for specipic mirrors for lasers, experiments etc.
man, I must say I'm impressed. Having worked on these kind of machines in clean rooms, I know how fragile and finicky they are even profesionnally maintained on a regular basis, so building some with repaired defective parts that takes some perseverance and dedication.
He made a thermal PVD! In his home! Who is this guy ? Is he mad? Absolutely incredible. Hats off to you.
Really nice work! How did you bond the copper cooling pipes in the glass feed through for the boat holder? That turbopump spin-down noise must have had very high pucker factor!
Hi Ben, thanks for stopping by. The pipes were bonded using a vacuum compatible epoxy (Araldite 2020). Because these joints would stay cool during use, there was no reason for using special metal-to-glass joints, which would have been way more difficult to realise. The pipes have a very narrow fit in the glass disk, so the amount of epoxy surface in contact with the chamber is negligible anyway. The turbo actually did not spin down fast, it displayed these short irregular blips in the frequency, almost as if the filter was "dancing" on top of the rotor, extracting small amounts of kinetic energy from it each time it touched the top of the rotor blades. I consider myself very lucky that it did not end up between the blades...
very cool, we now have inventors gatherings organized by the TH-cam algorithm, See you both on the next video :)
Going from 0 experience to medium/high-vacuum quality Tig welds is also very impressive! Overall machine wiring was very clean as well
Pucker factor? More like shit a brick. If I even thought something got loose in my TMP I would hit the floor in terror for fear of shrapnel to my body and to my wallet.
@@fizzyplazmuh9024 yea its gnarly, a colleague sent one to the junk yard just with droplet condensation. Apparently newer TMP's are more "resilient" but I'm skeptical. For my work diffusion pump and cryo get where we need and we like em for their resilience and serviceability
One hint for future high vacuum welding: Start your weld 10mm next to the parts you want to weld together and move on from there. Then, before releasing the trigger, again move 10mm away from the weld.
Like this, you will eliminate many leaks because leaks often occure at the starting or finishing point of a weld. If the starting and stopping point is on solid material and not on the gap, you won't have a leak there.
I'm not a professional welder too but have worked 7 years as a maintenance technician on a jumbo-size Glass PVD-Coater. The chamber of these is around 100 meters long, containing 220 Turbo molecular pumps.
Also I want to say that this is an awesome Project! Thanks for the video.
You basically built a lot of the equipment we had in my grad lab. What an amazing setup!
Indeed.
Christ, watching this channel feels like being a kid, hanging out with the "neighborhood crazy professor" or something. I feel like I'm learning so many cool things, but I'm also worried things could go wrong at some point (like with the turbo). However, this guy obviously seems to know his stuff! The MacGyver of Optics
Mad respect for you bud. I can only imagine the long hours and tedious work you went through. When you condense it down to a 15 minute video a lot of people don't realize how much work you really did.
bud, show some respect
And no-one is mentioning the very diverse, and high level skill sets used. You just don't encounter individuals like this very often in life.
You sir are one of the most brilliant people I have seen in my 84 years of life working as an Engineer for 60 years, where I have met several brilliant engineers. Seeing what you built by yourself is amazing.
This is the most amazing video I have seen on YT. After seeing metal deposition inside an incandescent light bulb I have been interested in doing something like this. BUT after seeing what is required.. well.. forget it.. :):):)
Thanks for sharing.
I'm really impressed. I worked in a wafer fab thin film department for 10 years and I never disassembled the turbo pump down to this level.
Mind blowing. Is it the most technologically advanced work achieved by an individual on youtube?
Depends on your angle of view I guess. Maybe look at Applied Science. But it's pretty far out in terms of "private person builds crazy scientific stuff in basement" :-)
I mean, that teenager who built a working fusion chamber in his bedroom!!! That is some savant level Lego skill right there.
Its definitely up there, if you like this scale of individual accomplishment check out Ben from applied science's homemade electron microscope :)
I think The Thought Emporium has made something similar, if not exactly the same. Though I think that video was posted after this one came out.
@@WanderTheNomad thought emporium is a schoolkid compared to this guy in terms of actual technical knowledge. his setup also barely worked and only with a couple metals when this is just amazing performance with really strong bonding.
Watching your video is like giving myself a brain massage! Thank you!
Ok this is just impressive, i have been watching a lot of people do advanced DIY projects, but this pushes the horizon a fair bit further for me. Wish you the best of luck in achieving your goals.
I came across this video years ago wondering how anyone would find a DIY application for this but now I’m back so thanks for making this!
This is what TH-cam was made for. Thank you for this tour de force and sharing your mistakes.
You're not a man - you're the industry yourself! I'm stunned
Respect!
Amazing! Thank you for being so candid about the bits that did not go so well, I learn a lot when the negatives are shared as well as the positives.
Oh and well done!
Yeah! Super excited to find this. I'm a college physics/math instructor and I just did a lot of thin film interference videos, but I've never really learned how they are manufactured in practice.
I looked up some of the videos (on the fluoride layers) on your channel. Well done and very clear explanations on how to calculate layer thickness!
@@HuygensOptics thanks! looking forward to digging into your channel as well -- Zak
I wasn't looking at the screen when you talked about the turbo accident, so I nearly burned myself when I got distracted from cooking by the "oh shit" moment it gave me. Glad you got lucky, and I'm really looking forward to the next videos!!
my word, you are VERY clever. I'm grateful to live in a world with people like you. Fascinating.
I really hope your channel becomes the new big thing! Your authentic (in youtube terms), terrifyingly scientific way of presenting the information makes me feel like a real scientist, even though I'm just an engineer, and this is what society needs (I mean other people's feelings too, i'd love society to need me to feel good but oh well), in my opinion. Not to mention the superb quality of the info you share, you are combining best parts of the scientific method and youtube trends in a truly fascinating way!
Very nice job. I genuinely appreciate the inclusion of the missteps that occurred for our enlightenment, we learn by our mistakes.
What you are doing in your garage is God damn impressive. I make shoes at home to a professional level but this makes me feel like a caveman just banging two rocks together. Amazing.
I also have damaged a turbo myself its very infuriating to know something happened because of your own mistakes, this is an amaizing build btw
The brilliance of that mirror is just amazing. If there hadn’t been a reflection I would have thought I was looking into a black hole, a hole into nothing.
Your first welds were the ugliest YOU have produced, but I when it comes to the ugliest in the world, my first welds we’re uglier.
Thank you for taking the time to produce this fine YT.
The amount of knowledge and skills demonstrated in depth on this channel is just mind boggling. Thank you for sharing your experience with us!
This is not the average DIY quality level. So you get a DQI of 0.8!!! THX for the interesting video!
Amazing. My father worked at Cambridge instruments in the 1970s and told me about the vacuum pumps they were using for the electron microscopes. You really don't want to be near those during a problem. Great video.
The skill that I see here is the varied and multiple discipline skills that are needed to design, build, operate and evaluate this project from the ground up covering electronics, electrics, mechanics and physics to name but a few. Excellent channel.
And I was feeling pleased with myself for building a setup to control camera direction for astrophotography.
I built a handcart, this guy builds a lorry.
Still, inspires me to do more, much more. Thanks for posting.
You got he hooked on the channel after watching one video- very cool. Keep them coming
Nice work! Brings back a lot of memories, I used to write control software for commercial PVD & IBD systems. I once dumped a turbo pump to air which made a mighty whistle (luckily the turbo survived). Dumping one to aluminium is very spectacular 😂
I have no idea about what are you doing at the beginning but after watching i learned a lot. Thanks for such a nice demonstration!
you knocked it out of the ball park, love it.
I hope Mr. Huygens is a lecturer or teacher in any form, as his content is didactically splendid! 👏
Incredibly complex procedures made simple by your explanation. Amazing you are doing this as an individual
What a delight it is to stumble upon this channel ! Great explanation and terrific presentation quality, looking forward to more !
This set up is so intimidating. The dedication is impressive.
Somehow DIY and PVD seem to contradict each other. But you managed to put them together, I'm very impressed
The chamber you made looks like an incredible piece of work. Congratulation!
This looks very similar to the system I was using to deposit gold (around 200 angstroms) on Mylar film for microphones. I used a small diffusion pump and a tungsten boat with a big truck battery charger for a power supply (maybe 50 amps), and I only waited to around half a micron of vacuum. I was lucky that the deposition time didn’t cause a problem with heating. Great to see another similar setup!
Awesome. What I love about this video is that you explain every little part of the device and what it does in the overall process, which all makes perfect sense. This demystifies what would otherwise look like an overly complex looking piece of science equipment that looks like something you'd see at the end of a particle accelerator or something. The fact you made this on your own... mind blowing!
I'm in awe of what you've done. You make what few accomplishments I've achieved trivial by comparison. I am thoroughly enjoying your videos and thank you for making them available.
Fascinating. Having done this as a student at a TU on 20 year old machines only and here seeing someone building his own with a lot of detail that was never mentioned. Thanks!
Thank you for your work, it is astonishing how good you explain the topic !
Delightful video! I have vacuum systems experience but none with PVD. Thank you for sharing so much experience. I have just about finished accumulating the pumps and tanks to start coating my own optics. Rather than a boat, I am using a CO2 laser ported into the chamber through it's own ZnSe focal lens to provide the heating. Since my 80W beam creates large amounts of silica fume when targeting glass even in open air, I suspect it will provide more than enough heat to vaporize several of the materials I want to use under vacuum. Wish me luck. Even if I fail I still enjoy the learning process immensly.
wow !!
Absolutely amazing work. I can't begin to understand the total effort that has gone in to this, but I'm glad you shared it. Very interesting!
It's channels like yours that make youtube worthwhile, thank you
Browsing youtube while waiting for the supplier to fix the commercial PVD tool where I work and I am gobsmacked that you just built one at home from scraps. Hats off sir. Before we know you might have a low cost DIY CMOS fab at home.
Thank you for the excellent explanation on a very complicated process.
Amazing. I’m so glad the algorithm blessed me with your channel. Keep it up please!
Great explanations without scaring people off. Thank you.
That PVD is so well made! Excellent work and thank you as always. I like the system diagram, LCD, welds and every detail.
The amount of knowledge required to make such equipment is huge!! Thanks
Excellent work and video! Please, write a book sort of "PVD from scratch", "PVD for the homebrewer", "PVD for Dummies" or something like that, I would love to buy it and try something similar! You are very talented, congratulations!
Just a superb, thorough, and very practical how&why of PVD. It's amazing how we live now in a time where such details are so freely shared. I am a retired material scientist in the US and worked on various R&D projects back in the late 80-90 on cutting edge flat panel displays including rudimentary OLED technology and much of what you have shared were such closely guarded trade secrets or very difficult to get by reading either books or mostly patents
Wow, I also worked on organic LED in the 1990s, in my case at Philips research. I spent one year working at company named Uniax in Santa Barbara in which Philips had some shares, maybe you know it. Really good memories...
Duuuuuuuude! This PVD machine itself is more than a hobby!
My highest respect for you, mate!
And cheers for this perfect video explaining so well and so much!
You are gorgeous!!!
Found your channel from looking at the variable mirror experiment and wound up spending hours checking out the other gems, time well spent even if watching at 1.75x to get more info in less time. You rock, thanks for sharing your mind. Tesla would be proud at the level of sharing expertise. Thanks again.
Nice work. I spent 29 years working in thin film optical coatings. E-guns, resistive sources, and sputtering. Enjoyed watching and listening.
The sheer level of commitment to your craft is inspiring. This is what quality youtube looks like. To work for all those months to produce a small round piece of glass, shiny and chrome. More beautiful than a diamond, given we know the processes that went into creating it.
Absolutely amazing channel sir, hoping to see more of your videos in the future.
Congrats on getting your PVD done! Looking forward to sitting down and taking a good look at this video :D
I'm rebuilding a very old evaporator for my lab, and this video helps a lot. Thank you so much!
I gotta say thank you so much, its not often epic level particle physics is explained like this for average laypeople with real work examples and video. Thank you so much!
Just 😮 wow! Big big WOW! Someone that SMART doing science like this it deserves at least more likes and views
This is incredible... Really impressive the amount of knowledge you're carrying around!
What an absolutely amazing channel! Please keep making these videos as they are extremely satisfying to watch.
I am in awe of your daring-do. Thank you for publishing.
Puedo asegurar que cualquiera de los que hemos terminado de ver este vídeo, ha quedado sorprendido. Nunca imaginé encontrarme con esto en TH-cam ¡es increíble! Muchas gracias por compartir tu grandioso conocimiento.
Truly phenomenal work. I've torn down and repaired turbos before, done a bit of tig welding, a bit of plasma cleaning, a splash of sputtering, and a fair bit of work with vacuum system design, but the fact that you're doing ALL of it without any guide or advice is absolutely insane.
Can't wait to finish my PhD so I have more time to tackle projects like this.
This guy makes learning new subjects fun!
Fanatic. Your presentation and explanation was very clear and concise.
Well done!
*THAT WAS EXCITING TO WATCH, EVEN THOUGH IT WAS MORE OF AN EXERCISE OF SIMPLY LISTENING WHILE ATTEMPTING TO UNDERSTAND, BUT FUN.* *THANKS FOR SHARING.*
Been binging your channel the past week. Wish I had an uncle/grandpa/etc like yourself, I'd learn so much!
Marvelous scrapping! Amazing work
Nice video! It brought back a lot of memories from my 'working life'. 'Been there, done that' sort of things. I was involved in developing vacuum coating systems in a company that started from scratch (as I did too).
I watch and learn something every time. Thank you for such well presented videos of a complex subject!
Every aspect of this video is phenomenal!
What a delight to find this video, impressive work and very interesting.
Regarding the making of flat surfaces, a couple come to mind: 1) lapping, 2) scraping
For a brief 10 years of my career I had the best mix of domains leveraging a background in electrical & software engineering with a love of manufacturing and desire to help people. Also having parents who where machinists (mother & siblings raised in and around a machine shop). I kind of continued the tradition having worked with various manufacturers using an advanced (for it's time) CAD/CAM (parametric solid modeling & associative CNC programming software) across several industries. Although my clients were appreciative, I usually felt I learned more than they did from our exchange.
Today I work as a software engineer, but within the Fintech industry. However, I'm a home-machinist enthusiast with a small, humble shop of machines, fabrication tools, & geometric measuring tools.
Obtaining flat surfaces through simple & inexpensive means is very doable... Even if you have no flat surfaces to start with. The "3 plate method" of lapping can provide you a set of perfectly flat surfaces, although for relatively few $ you can buy a certified flat slab of granite.
I love your work and will be "working" my way through your videos shortly.
Thank you for posting your video.
Lapping: th-cam.com/video/ATG_UYYfx7w/w-d-xo.html
Scraping: m.th-cam.com/video/4FS2YI3U_cc/w-d-xo.html
Brilliant engineering skills. Amazing that you are able to do this all by yourself.
Well done! Excellent workmanship.
Outstanding! This tickled my brain and connected so many dots about the PVD process. Thank you for sharing.
Pure TH-cam gold! Can't wait for the optical logic updates
Great video., I am amazed that the turbo was not destroyed. Awesome engineering!
Fantastic effort, and I can't wait to see what you do with it. I would certainly have appreciated a detailed build vlog, but I do appreciate that would have meant a higher workload for you. Afterall, it is a means to an end, so the devices you create are the real goal. Thank you for sharing.
Yeah it's always a bit of a dilemma: time spend on videos can't be spend on making stuff. I try to find a balance that allows a bit of both.
Wonderful to watch such technical expertise and skill. Brilliant, thank you.
what an amazing machine! Thank you for taking the time to show your process.
This is a rare example of a perfect TH-cam video.
Incredible indeed. A complex task that need a lot of varied Skills - like TIG :) - for an individual to undertake. Your explanation is also great though you can't elaborate all the nitty-gritty in short videos. As someone here suggested please consider writing a book on DIY PVD. Thank you.
Fantastic video as always, when you release a video I immediately stop what I'm doing and watch it, and often go through your back-catalogue. Thank you for filming and releasing the work you do, its got to be a lot of work!
I think for myself making a PVD chamber is possible, but what I think is extremely hard is being able to make consistent thicknesses of coating. Using the resonance of quartz makes sense, but to make great AR coatings, you might need 10 layers, all at specific thicknesses, and even if you rotated the target (and moved the source boat), I think achieving 250nm +/- 10nm is an impossible task, but I'd be fascinated to see how you approach this.
My idea to combat the problem is this: You're making AR coatings, so using laser light could be key. As in, imagine you have a laser attached to a peltier (the temperature allows you to cheaply tune the frequency), and you use a beam expander to shoot it perpendicular to the flat surface of the target. A camera watching the return (or passed) wavelengths. If you used multiple lasers at multiple wavelengths sequentially (or use a rainbow dichroic filter that allows you to select narrow wavelengths from a broad spectrum light source), then when the coating was only 1/3rd done, you could assess where the coating was building up too quickly. A camera with the IR/UV/Bayer layer removed from the sensor could meaningfully sense from 200nm to 1400nm. Then through a combination of an electromagnetic array aperture between boat and target, and moving the positions of boat / target, you could both achieve a more even coat for that run, and in general start to understand better how to get an even coating.
As far as a 'popular video' on youtube goes, I think a lot of people are frustrated when they scratch their reading glasses, but if you polish out the scratches you remove the AR coating. If you were able to 'restore to new' some reading glasses, I think that would get a lot of views and be entertaining to watch!
Thanks again
Thanks for the suggestions. Making good broadband AR coatings is indeed an art, and generally done in bulk to make it economically viable. I'm not sure you need 10 layers, I think you can achieve pretty good results with less than 5. It's actually a complete field by itself within pvd and I will certainly look into it. I sometimes do restoration of lens surfaces. Being able to reapply an AR coating, even a simple one, would be a big bonus I guess.
great video, both from an engineering and educational perspective
Wow, I'm humbled and motivated, excellent work.
For a few hours of practice, your welds look really good. It takes years of practice to be able to lay down welds like you see on these fabrication videos. I don’t weld for a living anymore but I try to weld a couple hours a week keep my skills sharp, even so I can’t weld anywhere near as good as I could when I was doing it 12 hours a day.
As someone who used to work with plasma cleaning and deposition, and ultrahigh vacuum systems, I take my hat off to you sir. Also, you got lucky with that turbo pump - I've seen the after effects of one which let use while running and it wasn't pretty. Great channel and keep up to good work.
These builds are mind blowing, amazing channel
Very impressive. The combination of talents from concept to completion ie basic mechanical skills the tig welding. the polishing the electronics design the Arduino and its programming. etc. a man of many talents! while I dont have a need for any PVD related projects watching your video is making me think I might. Keep up the impressive work
What a fantastic project, beautifully explained and with stunning results. Very impressive indeed sir and i learned more about PVD from this one video than from any other source. you actually made it super interesting. Thank you for taking the time to do this.
We had a faulty turbo pump delivered as replacement once in our lab and it worked about 3 days before it literally exploding. The insides were sphaghtetti but some of the fins flew out and peppered the walls, some got stuck as well. It was very lucky no one was inside that lab in the moment.
Thanks a lot , very clear explain. I had very much questions about PVD in my mind. You answered in 10 minutes. Thanks again.