How M16 Rifle Works | XM16E1 | US Army Training Film | 1966
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US Army training film on the XM16E1 rifle, the first mass-fielded version of the M16 rifle. This is the version with chrome-plated bolt carrier, no trap door in the buttstock, no forward assist, non-chrome-lined chamber, and three-prong flash suppressor. Somewhat notorious for reliability issues in the jungles of Vietnam, it was upgraded into the much more reliable M16A1 in 1967. Most of the basic information in this video is just as true today for the M16A2/A4 and M4 carbine.
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The M16 rifle, officially designated Rifle, Caliber 5.56 mm, M16, is a United States military adaptation of the Arma Lite AR-15 rifle. The original M16 was a select-fire, 5.56×45mm rifle with a 20-round magazine.
In 1963, the M16 entered United States Military service and was deployed for jungle operations during the Vietnam conflict. In 1969, the M16A1 replaced the M14 rifle to become the U.S. military's standard service rifle. The M16A1 improvements include a bolt-assist, chromed plated bore and a new 30-round magazine. In 1983, the USMC adopted the M16A2 rifle and the U.S. Army adopted it in 1986. The M16A2 fires the improved 5.56×45mm NATO (M855/SS109) cartridge and has a new adjustable rear sight, case deflector, heavy barrel, improved handguard, pistol grip and buttstock, as well as a semi-auto and three-round burst only fire selector.
The M16 has also been widely adopted by other militaries around the world. Total worldwide production of M16s has been approximately 8 million, making it the most-produced firearm of its 5.56 mm caliber. The U.S. Army has largely replaced the M16 with the shorter and lighter M4 carbine.
XM16E1 and M16A1 (Colt Model 603):
The U.S. Army XM16E1 was essentially the same weapon as the M16 with the addition of a forward assist and corresponding notches in the bolt carrier. The M16A1 was the finalized production model in 1967.
To address issues raised by the XM16E1's testing cycle, a closed, bird-cage flash suppressor replaced the XM16E1's three-pronged flash suppressor which caught on twigs and leaves. Various other changes were made after numerous problems in the field. Cleaning kits were developed and issued while barrels with chrome-plated chambers and later fully lined bores were introduced.
With these and other changes, the malfunction rate slowly declined and new soldiers were generally unfamiliar with early problems. A rib was built into the side of the receiver on the XM16E1 to help prevent accidentally pressing the magazine release button while closing the ejection port cover. This rib was later extended on production M16A1s to help in preventing the magazine release from inadvertently being pressed. The hole in the bolt that accepts the cam pin was crimped inward on one side, in such a way that the cam pin may not be inserted with the bolt installed backwards, which would cause failures to eject until corrected. The M16A1 is no longer in service with the United States, but is still standard issue in many world armies.
How M16 Rifle Works | XM16E1 | US Army Training Film | 1966
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XM16E1, The same rifle I had in Basic Training at Fort Dix New Jersey. A reworked new upper basic M-16, with hand stamping for the (E1) on the lower, later in 1969 to become the M-16A1, made by Harris and Richardson Inc. in that good old anodized Vietnam green. One of only four companies (Colt, Fabrique National, General Motors Hydramatic Division, and H&R), to have made M16 variants for the U.S. military during Vietnam. God I still remember my serial 194706 and rack number 61. Some things you just don't forget.
wonder if they knew in 1966 it would still be in service 56 years later,
These old training films are the best :)
I love these old training films, especially the ones from WWII. That M16 is one of the greatest inventions of mankind. Been shooting it in one form or another since 1982. Cheers
Ray Thompson correction the m16 rifle is shot since 1961
Sergeant Nathaniel Hamer I'm guessing he knows it's quite a bit older than 1982, especially since this training film is from 1966. He probably just means that he has personally been shooting it since 82.
Killernuma123 ^^^^^boom. People do not read.
Love that chrome plated bolt carrier !!!
great for ar15 refresher
Notice that at six minutes, when the firing demonstration begins, the soldier has his finger firmly planted on the trigger! Oh, how times have changed!
Josef Trumpeldor yes times have gotten worse, and people are incompetent, and infantile like.
Few people used seatbelts either.
Blast from the past !
E1.. indeed this is old school.
When I went through OCS in 1981 we were issued A1's. I honestly really hated the rear sights, they were a PITA to adjust. You needed the tip of a round to make adjustments. When the Army transitioned to A2's it was greatly welcomed, the sights were 100% better and although rarely used, the forward assist did come in handy.
Stoner agreed those easy to adjust rear sights are not good when a nervous soldier begins to fidget and turn knobs..They are great for target shooting but not combat..Set the sights and leave them alone..
@@hairydogstail After 3 combat tours in Iraq beginning in Desert Storm and ending in OIF2 I can say without hesitation that I never once had a problem adjusting the elevation knob.
@@scottmurphy650The services have different types of people.. If you ever looked at the weapons the armorers have worked on, you would have a different opinion..There are rifles with the FA pawls in pieces as the person hammered it with a rock to chamber a stuck cartridge..Weapons are always being sighted in after being used in the field because they are way off all the time from nervous hands unconsciously turning the rear sight knob.. Once a rifle is sighted in, there is no need for easy adjustment..
The eight steps in the cycle of function are all there, just slightly out of sequence. On the premise that your starting with an unloaded rifle one must start with,
"Feeding": the rifle first by placing a round of ammunition into the bolts path by inserting and locking a loaded magazine. After that all other steps following in order from
"Chambering": the act of moving the round of ammunition into the chamber by retracting and releasing the bolt in order to strip a round from the magazine.
"Locking": is accomplished as the bolt head passes the locking lugs of the barrel extension and is turned by the bolt cam riding forward on the bolt carrier.
"Firing" is done by pressing the trigger which releases the hammer from the trigger nose thus striking the firing pin inside the bolt carrier.
"Unlocking": Gas from the fired round passes back through the gas tube into chamber created by the bolt gas rings and carrier. This pushes back the carrier which in turn causes the cam pin to turn the bolt until the locking lugs disengage from the barrel extension lugs.
"Extraction": Happens as the bolt is rotating breaking the chamber seal on the casing which is held by the extractor jaw. As the bolt unlocks the rearward inertia of the bolt and carrier compresses the recoil spring and the extractor pulls the casing clear of the chamber.
"Ejection". Happens the moment the casing clears the ejection port. A spring loaded detent on the bolt face opposite the extractor presses forward pivoting the casing on it captive rim flinging it clear of the weapon.
"Cocking" happens as the carrier goes all the way to the rear, as it does it pushes the hammer back down into the lower receiver were the hammer hook is captured by the disconnector riding atop the trigger assembly (semi-auto mode) once the carrier goes forward is strips of the next round and chambers the round. The shooter then releases the trigger disengaging the disconnector from the hammer spur, but as the trigger nose rises it engages hammers trigger sear notch and the rifle is ready to fire once more by merely pulling said trigger again.
Just goes to show what one can remember after being a Small Arms Instructor at APG for 11-years.
Excellent rifle, Sam shouldn't have changed it. Maybe faster twist heavier bullets, 62 green tip. 🪖🪖🪖🇺🇲
The heavier bullet actually made the round less effective against soft targets, people! Which is the primary function of a individual soldiers rifle. The original 55 grn bullet was more effective!
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that guy had his finger on the trigger all the time surprised he didnt have a N/D
+CITYPREPPER016 couldnt stop thinking the same thing, the whole time
I'm surprised nobody corrected him. You would think especially in a training film they would want everything safe
That was standard operating procedure back then, it wasn't until the
80's when keeping your finger out of the trigger guard became a thing.
Yeah I went through basic in 1962 at Ft. Leonard Wood, Mo and we used the M-1 30 cal Garand Rifle and I do not remember any of the cadre making a big deal about having your figure in the trigger guard until you were ready to fire. Of course maybe the recruits in those days had a bit more common sense then the ones they got later so they did not emphasize it a lot. That came up a lot later when I was in Law Enforcement and used a glock.
@@cbm2156 Trigger Discipline is common sense.
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When you fighting Charlie you keep your finger on the trigger always even if it's unloaded lol jk I don't know shit.
Great Video ❤️🇺🇸
I thought they didn’t get forward assists until 1968 or something. Huhh. This really was ahead of its time though. Imagine seeing M14s and AK47s as the most advanced rifles, and then this “space gun” comes out, and it’s still being used nearly 60 years later. Eugene Stoner was ahead of its time. It’s a shame the military said it was self cleaning when it clearly isn’t, and they put the wrong gun powder in it, just to save a few bucks. Both actions were the reason they jammed up all the time and got soldiers/marines/etc. killed.
The forward assist was introduced with the Colt 603 (XM16E1/M16A1) circa 1964
@@TheSundayShooter yeah that’s wild idk why I thought 1968 maybe it was just a standard feature on all M16A1s when they came out in ‘68, instead of just on the army models on the regular XM16s the army was using, but not the other branches, since they didn’t request it initially. But Hell if I know.
@@ESPLTD322That was the year the M16A1 was adopted..
Assuming that a round is chambered and that it is set on semi-auto:
trigger is pulled
sear releases hammer
hammer strikes primer of chambered rnd
The primer cap ignites
the ignition goes through the flash hole
the ignition ignites the powder
the powder then (through a chemical reaction) pushes the bullet through the barrel
the bullet leaves the barrel
But, a portion of the gas is directed towards the gas tube
Said gas enters the gas tube
this gas travels the gas tube length
When said gas hits the (direct impingement [meaning no middle device to accept the gas and thus transfer the power of the gas to the bolt[), the bolt is twisted and thus unlocks
the bolt continues the unlocking process
The bolt travels down the upper receiver
The ejector then pushes the spent case out of the ejection port
(at this time, the spring in the buffer tube is compressed and ready to return to its non-energy state [the buffer tube spring wants to release its acquired and coiled energy])
The buffer spring the pushes the bolt forward.
As the bolt travels forward, it strips another rnd into the chamber.
The bolt twists and locks into the chamber
In the process, the sear cocks the hammer and readies the trigger to release the sear and thus fire the rifle again.
This is repeated until all rnds are expended.
The hold open (The M16 systems = an open bolt system = will hold open the bolt as the last rnd and expended casing is expelled from the rifle.
When a new mag is inserted - the operator uses the Bolt release lever.
The lever flies forward
This then strips a new rnd into the chamber.
The bolt locks and repeat all the above.
Yes, I went a bit too deep. But that is how an M16 functions.
Nope, the M16 is an internal piston (not a true DI) and the sear only releases the hammer on full auto..
anyone else wonder why his finger is always on the trigger? my nco's would break your finger for that lol
Read elsewhere that the trigger discipline you are thinking of didn't come around til the 80s. Not sure if true or not, but sounds believable.
Because ambushes were pretty common back then and trigger finger delays your reflex time or it just didnt exist back then.
That’s the way they were taught then!!
@@nickspillman6275 something too that
It's 1966
This film was good for putting us to sleep.....
Yes his finger is on the trigger quite a bit. Including like that one person say trigger discipline
reminds me of Tom and Jerry....
First time at range (reserves) the units we had were so worn out they made noise & produced wild shots, one was left with cinching unit with strap around forearm, second time at range we had squared away 16's and I fired expert @250meters first time at active duty range courtesy of Marine Corps( old SeaBee report)...lol
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T ForEVER what?
they have vastly improve the m16 since..
They chrome lined the chamber/bore, changed the buffer to work with ball powder, increased the twist to work with heavier bullets, strengthened the extractor and beefed up the receivers..That is it..
The hell is that cammo at the beginning?
see what you did there Code Pandorum
dat trigger discipline
@5:57 KEEP YOUR BOOGER HOOK OFF THE BANG SWITCH !
When going full auto 30 rounds will empty pretty quick. Shoots great, Carries poorly.
You can tell its swell because it is by Matell!
It never said Matel, it said Colt Arms. Don't be a stupid fuck.
@@ronniemcgill8868 mr mgill r u joking orrr
Not far from the truth. Basically a toy that shoots real ammo. I'll take the M-14, M-1/2 carbine any day of the week and twice on Sunday !
@@ronniemcgill8868 they stopped making toys, mainly barbie's and started making all the plastic and poly for the guns. So it's a Mattel toy. Or a barbie gun. Now put a blind fold on and walk across an interstate. Because you're dumb.
@@baronedipiemonte3990 There are millions of dead Iraqis and Aghanis and Africans who would agree with you.
Am I looking at a chrome-lined barrel and Bolt?
Not this model. Later models were, however
You are. Those, along with forward assist and mag button fence are key features of A1
@@JB.1371 the xm16e1 DID have a chrome bolt.
The bolt on the M16 A1 was later parkerized and just the gas key was chromed due to the quality consistency problems they had at the time. All XM16 E1 rifles had chrome bolts and gas keys from the very beginning. A chrome lined barrel was added to all earlier E1 rifles once the overheating and wear problem was discovered.
It really looks like a toy... the troops thought so at the time. Wonder what they'd think of the carbine :)
You have to imagine how futuristic this thing looked to most soldiers. Yes, just like the "ray gun" they played with as a kid. no one had ever seen anything even close to this weapon, especially in the US.
It was truly way ahead of it's time. For all it's accessories that have been added over the years, it's main body and internals have went virtually unchanged save for some extra added bits of metal for strength. Absolutely mind blowing how far ahead it was. Still serving after 50 years with no real end in sight.
Yea well we grew up using mattel rifles and pistols so the transition was no big deal.
@@austinstratman1809 Yeah but they didn't look like the M16. M14 was "the Rifle". They were made out of plastic, though.
@@dIRECTOR259Like every rifle does today lol..Fudds!
In it misile loncher or not
Why does he have his finger on the trigger like ALL the time??
Keeping your finger out of the trigger guard until ready to fire didn't become strictly enforced until the 1970's. Safety was an optional extra back in those days.
This video says max effective range is 460 meters, but M16A4 with 20 inch barrel is said to be 600 meters. Is that based on energy or targeting?
No, rounds and rifling twist. Plus, sights. do the compairison.
Roughly, the likelihood of achieving a hit.
Emanuel Fernán the effective range of an M16A2 or M16A4 is 500-600 meters point target. 800 meters for an area target
Starting with the A2, there was a change in barrel and ammunition specs. The bullet changed from a basic fmj 55 grain to a 62 grain penetrating projectile. The barrel rifling was changed from 1 turn in 12", to 1 in 7" to stabilize the longer, heavier bullet. The external ballistic characteristics of the new bullet are superior to the older 55gr load, and carry higher energy at longer distances. This results in a longer effective range. Both loads are still used, though the 55gr ammunition is generally reserved for training. There are also several other projectiles in use by our military, including heavyweight match bullets for precision shooting, and an internally segmented bullet meant to combine maximum wounding effect within the bounds of the Geneva convention rules, and an ability to penetrate light armor.
Basically, sights. The m16 and m16a1 had 2 position sights the were only good out to 460. The a2 and a4 have sights that are range adjustable out to 800 and 600 respectively.
Was it just me who got sleepy for some reason at the functions part.
Sleep disorder, my guy
@@TheSundayShooter My sleep time is fine, it's just the way the functions are presented that makes me sleepy.
The modern versions of this rifle are soooo much better I can assure you.
AKFGFan i can be assured you know nothing about ar15s.
Other than magazine issues these rifles were and are highly reliable.
No doubt. They really haven't made any real changes as far as function. They have made different configurations with different gas system & buffer lengths but no real functional changes were needed. I have a reproduction A1 & it's every bit as reliable as newer rifles. The M4 feed ramps were done to help with weak magazine springs & it's debatable if they are even needed or helpful.
I think if the bolt body was 2mm or so larger diameter they could reduce breakage at the cam pin hole & I think, if they had of gone with fewer but larger locking lugs they might reduce breakage of the lugs but those aren't a serious issue.
wavygr it was quite a few things it was the ammo no cleaning kit and that the barrel didn't have a chrome lining on it
@Adolf Hitler modern doesnt inherently mean better.
Most of the problems of this gun were due to poor ammo quality and poor magazine quality. They were advertising the gun as self cleaning too.
This was mostly during field evaluation of xm16e1, when the Army adopted the M16a1 was perfected and the gun worked realiably
No ear-Plug ???
I also noticed that too 😕🤔
The 60's was a different time, man
Are you former military and been diagnosed with hearing loss or tinitus? Call the gold shill group, you could be entitled to financial compensation.
Theres a reason this commercial is on pretty much every TV break nowdays
😃👍️
🔫🦅🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🦅🔫
Why didn't they give them 30 rounds...??
dIRECT0R 30 round magazines weren’t made or designed at the time. The 30 round magazine came out later on
@@JB.1371 correct. Only after it was realized 30's were standard on AK's that the V.C. had, did we decide we needed them too
It was our bullshit military doctrine 20 rounds. The early thompsons only had 20 round mags until they realized that was dumb so they started issuing 30s, the BAR 20 round magazine, and then the m14 20 rounds, then the m16 20 rounds and they realized that was dumb so they started issuing 30s in the 70s.
I prefer 20 round magazines.
@@YugoM92 although fun Fact early 5.56 ar15 prototypes had a straight 25 round magazine similar to what the famas had.
that poor trigger discipline has me cringing
I know right! Pvt Pyle take your finger off that damned trigger lol.
That was standard operating procedure back then, it wasn't until the 80's when keeping your finger out of the trigger guard became a thing.
Private Pyle has his finger on the trigger at 6:00 with weapon clear.
Lack of reading a couple of comments to understand why the demonstrator keeps his finger on the trigger at all times before making your own comment about it has me cringing
alternate title : How M16 Rifle Works when it works
It works very well, try again lol..
1:19 is wrong. The diameter is actually .224, not .223
Ummmmmm no.
Bores are usually sized one thousandths larger. The bullet diameter is .223, but the bore is .224.For an additional example, the 8 mm Mauser bullet diameter is .323, but the bore is .324.
Give me a Kalashnikov any day. These are cute little rifles tho.
You mean trash can gun
Weasle lmao
There are a lot on the market as the AK is obsolete lol..Try again..
They forgot to mention
It jams 24 7
They are perfectly reliable.
The versions that were initially issued to the marines in Vietnam was crap, but they were later issued a version that fixed the problem with jamming.
@@Brapgod no... the issue was the shitty ammo they switched too and the fact that they didnt give soldiers cleaning kits.
That was the older M16
Idk, man. The one's I've built are boringly reliable.
Yeah I prefer the M4 carbine much better than this thing
Why have an m4 when this is way cooler
It's the same basic operating system. Literally just a shorter barrel and gas system and a carbine stock.
SemperFiMac77 exactly!
The original m16a1 was shorter and lighter than the following carabines so it's similar to M4 feeling wise
Was I the only one cringing that he had the his finger on the trigger at all times!!!
>Rugged
>Effective ammunition
implying the M16 wasn't shit
+Lone Wanderer from what i've compiled online the reliability or the lack of was the result of poor powder quality for the cartridges and lack of training and info and lack of cleaning of these rifles
It wasn't. It actually beat the M1, M14, and AK-47 in all Army trials, when they were conducted properly. The reason it had problems was because the Army didn't want it, they wanted their .30 cal rifle, and set it up for failure. This is all well documented and available online.
The M16 is actually a very reliable and ingress resistant design, along with it's huge performance benefits
🇺🇸🇯🇪🇬🇧 (🇮🇪)
@5:43- terrible trigger discipline- over and over and over...
Over priced and very piece was built others not colt Spud upper and lower and good luck finding and colt markings on the barrel or bolt.
VIDEO IS NOT FOR SNOWFLAKES AND ANTI-GUNNERS! Go away!
Very sad ARVN has lost war because m16 wasteful ammo
20rds is very hard to push against communist
30rds very limited
The AK is much less controllable on full auto and we had 30 round mags lol..
I'll just say what the whole world agrees with: The AK is the best and finest assault rifle in history and the M-16 is the worst.
Fuck the M-16 and fuck its derivatives.
The whole world doesn't agree lol..Any nation that can afford the M16 uses it and dumps the AK lol..Try again..
How M16 works . Really ? 😅 Total crap and so unreliable.
More fudd lore spread by ignorant arm chair smooth brains..The M16 series of firearms is the longest standard rifle in US history and it wasn't because it was unreliable..In the early 1980's when NATO was determining which cartridge to use, the M16A1 was the most accurate and reliable weapon tested..Try again..