Quantum Computing with Light: The Breakthrough?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 27 พ.ค. 2024
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Correction to what I say at 10:36 -- The ions are of course positively charged. Sorry about that!
What if we could harness the power of photons to process information? We can! It's called photonic computing. It's one of the new approaches to quantum computing - and it's looking more and more likely that it could be the key to make quantum computers work.
It's not the only newcomer. In this video, we'll take a look at photonic computing and two other newcomers: optical tweezers and topological quantum computing. Maybe the breakthrough for quantum tech is just around the corner.
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00:00 Intro
00:22 Quantum Computing Recap
02:12 Front Runners
06:23 Newcomer #1: Photons
10:20 Newcomer #2: Atoms in Tweezers
12:48 Newcomer #3: Topological States
15:40 Summary
16:00 Learn Quantum Computing With Brilliant
#science #quantum #technology - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
Ma’am, I have learned more about physics by watching your channel than all my school years could ever provide. I just wanted to say a vey big thank you. Peter U.K.
0:21: 🔬 Quantum computing has made significant advancements since 2021, with the ability to calculate using entangled qubits for certain mathematical problems.
3:34: 🔬 Quantum advantage and utility are demonstrated through fast calculations and random distributions using quantum processors.
6:57: 🔬 The challenge for photonic quantum computing is to have reliable sources for single photons and to shrink down all the elements onto chips.
10:32: ! Atoms in tweezers are a variation of ion traps, but using neutral atoms instead of charged ions allows for more scalable 3-dimensional configurations.
14:14: 🔬 Multiple companies, including Microsoft and Google, are making progress in topological quantum computing, which could lead to easier scaling of quantum computers.
Recap by Tammy AI
Quantum computing calculated nothing. The only problem it ever solved it getting paid for BS level work.
You said "ions are atoms that are missing some electrons, so they're negatively charged." Wouldn't they be positively charged?
Metal ions are always positively charged. I know this because metal ions always accumulate on the negative electrode within an electrolysis setup. Non-metals reacting with metals tend to gain or share electrons to form anions which are typically negatively charged. It gets complicated as there are elements that are called metalloids and their characteristics fall somewhere between a metal and non-metal.
Thank you Sabine. At 10:36 you mention that "ions are atoms that are missing some electrons so they are negatively charged". However, if one removes negatively charged electrons from neutral atoms, the resulting ions would be positively charged right?
Isn't that obvious?
Aren't we well beyond basic mistakes like this?
MY confusion starts when she describes "entanglement" as enabling quantum computing.
I had contracted the notions that (a) it is SUPERPOSITION on which QC relies; and (b) entanglement disrupts superposition.
What is the reality?
@@davedouglass438 Entanglement does not disrupt superposition. Entangled states are a specific kind of superposition state that can only be formed in multi-particle systems. You might be thinking of decoherence, which is the process of a quantum state decaying into noise. Quantum computing relies on being able to manipulate your system into any quantum state you choose. So both superposition states and entangled states are necessary for quantum computing.
Two ions are at a bar:
Cation: i think i lost an electron?!
Anion: are you sure?
Cation: yes, i'm positive!
@@jpt3640not all are as smart as you, Einstein
This was brilliant, thank you. I feel that I can trust the thoroughness of the research done and that you will talk about tradeoffs and not get swept up the hype of one technology.
I love how it went from Quantum Supremacy -> Quantum Advantage -> Quantum Utility
Just like the automobile.. but the utility alone is required to survive in the modern world. And humanity just becomes more enslaved to tech, unable to create anything that results in actual freedom to live. Quite the lunacy.
"Utility Scale" is industryspeak for "broadly usable". 1M Qbits, even with largely chip based photonic qbits, will require an entire datacenter and more than a Megawatt of power.
Thanks for the update. I was curious what happened in the quantum computing hype bubble. :)
😅😂
@@BillHimmelV°`
Ok i am not the only one then. Thx
Thank you, Sabine! Love your method of presenting the complex things.
Thank you for the video.
I always like and comment because you are terrific and seldom mention that I should like and subscribe (I am) and whenever you do, you do it with grace and intelligence.
Love that you treat us like we are not morons even if compared to you we are lacking.
Thank you for being brilliant and yet taking the time to explain things to laypeople. You are my Feynman.
I don't think I've ever subscribed to a channel or liked a video because someone told me to, so don't really see the point...
I subscribed to a channel because the fellow whispered. It never hurts to ask.
@@Bildgesmytheyeah, but you watch it? Its random. Nudging someone is not really getting a fan
@@SabineHossenfelderI regularly forget to like videos until it is mentioned by the presenter or I see it in a comment. By regularly, I mean almost every day. I’m not suggesting you should start reminding people to like & subscribe, just that there are probably a lot of people out here who forget to do it
"Ions are atoms missing some of their electrons, so they are negatively charged." Oops, silly mistake Sabine, they would, of course, be positively charged!
Oooops, of course an atom could also gain an electron (or even 2 electrons etc)
Sabine lives in a mirror-universe comfirmed!
@@PetraKann Yes, those are also ions. Sabine is clearly reading from a prompter, so whoever compiled the script is likely the culprit.
at 10.40 you say that ions are atoms that are missing some electrons and they are negatively charged. But if you remove negatively charged electrons from an atom it should be positively charged.
Thank you on behalf of a lay person curious about what's the next step in computing and all things exacting. You keep it real. Please keep up your interesting and current content.
Great summary! Would have loved your take on DWave's approach using quantum annealing!
Well i guess because they already at several 100k or 1M Qubits, but still had no luck to find a relevant problem that someone would use them to solve other then a prototype demonstrator and test batch for the technology how to scale up superconducting quantum bits.
@@Techmagus76 from what I've heard their latest Advantage System has 5k Qubits and - as the name suggests - has achieved Quantum Advantage. However it is somehow controversial, hence my interest on SH's take on the issue.
I talked about this in my 2021 video th-cam.com/video/OGsu5MIzruw/w-d-xo.html
Couldn't think of much to add and didn't want to repeat myself.
@@SabineHossenfelder thx Sabine. Or how we say in Germany: Danke Anke :)
Thanks a bunch for the video and all the info, Sabine! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
Thank you Sabine!
The color of Sabina's Pullover is like quantum entanglement. You understand it when you see it, but you have a hard time describing it to others.
It's very scrumtrulescent
It's kinda one of the ugliest things I've ever seen lmao.
It doesn't fit her right at all either
Haha had same experience.
An hombre gradient, hot pink to medium gray. Done.
@@Deciheximalyes, but it’s ombre. An hombre would be a dude.
300 years from now a student is going to build a lego quantum computer as a "show and tell" experiment just to spite that famous Nobel prize winner Sabine Hossenfelder.😊
U may come true...Someday...
Thanks, it is a great and comprehensive review of QC !
Well done Sabine! It will be interesting to see which company comes up with the best Quantum Computing technological innovations going forward. I am certain that you will keep us well informed!
Ibm
Helluva compilation, Sabine! BRAVO ZULU!
Thank you for all your research Sabine. Great video! ^^
Thank you Sabine and Team, happily awaited
hi there 👋
now it's about time for me to greet you 😅 (since you did so last time.)
--
I started reading one very long thread on Sabine's last video (and replied to quite some; including you) but then got a tad overwhelmed with the amount of replies, lol.
my problem is that I simply have way too much to answer. so, I'm struggling where to start.
it was a highly interesting topic and I've equally highly different views than most of our fellow viewers (including you, but that shouldn't matter any-or so I hope 😅)
I'm still thinking about answering some of the questions that came up there. currently, it's a bit too one sided. so, it shouldn't hurt to add a bit of a balance onto the vacant other side of opinions ⚖️
@@HxTurtle Hi friend, happy about your "backreaction". As I said, I appreciated your defense of SH, cause, yes, it was one sided. She ´s a bit my hero, and I like to hear her opinion on all the topics, she picks, even if it differs from mine. Anyway, many of the commenters have factual arguments and don´t belong to the professional haters or idiological blinded ones. Sabine made two brave and honest attempts, to get it right, one was that pinned thread, the other one, I think, was the two weeks later vid about communication in social media and her role as "influencer". That was good. Three points, I´m personally still worried about:
1. She harmed herself and the reputation of her great and important work with that, that´s sad.
2. Her shot on Thunberg was an unrepaired mistake in my opinion, regardless of what that girl says about economy, and how substantial it is. If you claim "don´t trust her", most people will transfer it on her commitment about climate change, and Greta did a brave job in creating the fff-movement, that brought this existential problem in the minds of more people in the last decade. As you know, Sabine is committed and worried about that too. Well, Greta is not Elon Musk.
3. As you can see in the comments, she opened a political camp-thinking with that, that´s unworthy her free-thinking and open-minded spirit. It doesn´t solve problems, but creates new ones and seperates people instead of bringing them together.
Ok, this new video here is great again, I´m a bloody layman in that topic, but could follow and learned a lot. I enjoy my "parasocial" relationship with her. Have a nice and peaceful day.
I LOVE your videos. They straight forward SCIENTIFIC FACTS with no BS or BIAS, mixed with some really hilarious subtle humor. Thank you so much, keep up the GREAT work 😁
SUBD 😉
Great video as always!
As someone working on the field, it's always great to see a sobering take on the matter. There's so many advancements, but there is so *much* overhype and borderline scams that filtering out good information becomes difficult. And ... well, even if the progression is great, these advancements are *still* not enough to get an useful advantage.
Just gonna point out one quick thing. ColdQuanta renamed themselves Infleqtion late last year. As usual, the new name *has* to have a forced Q somewhere in it.
Thanks for pointing out, I'd missed that. Yes, the "Q" insertions are becoming quite a running gag.
In 2014, I worked at Los Alamos National laboratories, but not in physics. They already had several operational quantum computers. I've always wondered who made them and what their capacity was.
I know from spending time with Seth Lloyd from MIT, while he was at the Santa Fe Institute for 6 months, that the academics we're still at the level of one or two cubits and solving simple math problems. I wonder if these came from DARPA, Lockheed Martin Skunk Works or some other Black Ops program.
Very nice summary of the actual development and wow a lot is going on. Looks like we are now slightly above the first steep climb of the hypetrain, but have not reached the valley of tears and death.
Thank you very much Dr Hossenfelder! It is good summary of different quantum computing methods. Also, I like your jokes :)
Thanks for the summary of the state of quantum computing. I found out about this approach in the 90s and wrote a summary paper on it as an undergrad. Back then just getting 2 or more qubits to maintain coherence was a huge fete and everyone was worried our encryption methods of the time would eventually become obsolete, so to see where we were then to where are are now is quite amazing.
This should get the message out in the mainstream. Sabine covered a lot of ground in this.
Wouldn't missing electrons make the ions positively charged? 10:37
Correct.
Pretty realistic picture of current events. Very interesting!
Thanks Sabine, you have given me a new ambition, indeed I have already begun assembly of my first prototype Lego quantum computer. Thanks for letting me know where my competition is.
Great update. Though I miss the telephone from the weekly news...
Thanks for shedding light on photon quantum computers.
Brilliant video as usual. On a side note, I've heard Sabine pronounce "Majorana" in several videos by using the "j" sound as in the English word "join". That is not how it is pronounced in Italian. That "j" stands for an "i" that serves as a semivowel as it is sitting between two other vowels. Thinking of that "j" as a "y" or an "i" (as in "mayorana" or "maiorana") should do the trick.
tbh I have never heard anyone pronounce it as Sabine does. I think everyone pronounces it as "mayorana", might be wrong though
also weird she didnt mention anyons, not practical but most studied and the first thing that comes to find when speaking of topological qc
Quantum computing reminds me of the time I tried to implement halley's method to calculate the square root of a number. I managed to do it in about 1/2 the number of iterations than it would have taken using newton raphson, but the time it takes to compute the numerator and denominator of halley's means I could compute each iteration of newton raphson faster... So overall it ended up being a complete waste of time. Cool maths thing. Pointless when it came to implementation.
I use a calculator. It's pretty quick.
Great summary Sabina 👍🏾
4:54 I'm doing my graduate thesis about Quantum Computing so by that point my mind had gone astray thinking about it so you actually got me by surprise when I heard "doodle" 😂
The vape video that was edited in was a really well physical explination for what you mean, and im sure its not a 100% as shown but made it easier for me to conceptualize in my head
The verbal eye roll when the "Quantum Supremacy" rename was explained made me burst out laughing.
Sabine hitting us with the only valid measurement of large areas: football fields
I am so glad you’re in the world you give me joy
Haha, I was actually checking out and reaching for my Ninendo Switch at 4:53
Really very useful overview! Even though I am currently in a Quantum engineering master's degree, I wasn't aware of all the latest advances in all these technologies. Thank you!
Why are you lying about yourself? ;-)
Yay! New SH videos always make me happy! Are you writing any more books? I loved Lost in Math and Existential Physics. EP is probably the best book I've ever read. (PS, you accidentally pushed the 'o' button twice when writing 'Losers' in the title)
Been thinking about writing a new book but nothing concrete yet. Sorry about the typo, just fixed it
@@SabineHossenfelder Well I can't wait to see that! You're an amazing author!
You accidentally wrote "best book I've ever written" instead of "best book I've ever read."
@@SabineHossenfelder concrete - dry mix cement - dry humour
@@brothermine2292 Woops. Thanks, though! It's fixed now. Guess I'm just tired.
If you're solving a labyrinth, the classical computer has to walk every possible path, before determining, whether the trap has an exit. A quantum computer is an equivalent of hooking up compressed air to the entrance, to see if it escapes or pressurizes the vessel.
A classical computer will take longer, but produce an applicable result - the navigation path. A quantum computer will instantly solve the whole problem, but if you were to deduce the path of escaping air through the sound of the noise it makes, your efforts would be fruitless.
Using the same labyrinth example, it is clear to see how quantum computers can complement classical ones, to work in tandem. Say, you have 10 labyrinths and only one has an exit. Would you send a classical computer to crunch them all, or would you first let the quantum states scout out the all of the interiors simultaneously. Single out the one problem that has a valid solution, in order to dispatch linear logic in a targeted manner, bypassing 90% of potential waste. For issues involving geometry or molecular biology, this it huge!
That being said, having played with quantum in the cloud, I still have a hard time wrapping my mind around it.
the topological approach is going to be very successful I think. The smoke-ring description is very apt, although I think more emphasis should be placed on describing the phenomenon as a tube, rather than a ring. In fact, I believe there's a kind of tractor effect with the way the boundary layer is 'replenished' by circulating in and out of the coherent entangled-particle base.
I have an idea this is how the now-stretched cosmic web 'pumps' information around the universe.
Yes, I agree, a smoke ring isn't a great analogy, but best I could think of.
@@SabineHossenfelder ...dude, you do better than any other scientist when it comes to metaphors, etc.
Me and my son have gleaned much from your youtubes. Ty
Thank you very much...
Those smoke rings were dope af😂
"... just checking if you listening."
I love Sabine´s dry humor. ;D
Hello, thank you for all the great content, very smart!
Maybe you can't make a quantum computer out of Lego but can you make one out of wool? - You can certainly entangle it and it could be the proof needed for string theory, would also keep the cat occupied while their in that box... 🤣
Someone in the year 2143: hah! We finally achieved it - a quantum computer made of Lego!
Never is a really long time..
😀
One thing which is tagentially related to this is that the field of programmable photonics is really maturing a lot and we're about to see "photonic FPGAs" pop up. Those have the advantage of:
1) Being very good for rapidly prototyping conventionally useful photonic devices like the ones used in optical fiber networking equipment, and
2) Giving a computational advantage when considered just as analog computers without the quantum parts, since they are good at analog matrix multiplication in ML applications (but are very bad at doing anything nonlinear)
3) Doing some slightly quantum tasks like quantum key distribution that don't rely on having a full quantum computer.
Quantum key distribution is something we've been able to do for a long time, but mass producing a programmable silicon photonics chip for fiber routers that can also do QKD would be a pretty major development. It would also mean that quantum computers developed later on may benefit from quantum capable fiber networks already being in place, which increases the probability that quantum computers end up being useful (networked computers are a lot more useful than isolated ones).
When will that happen? Right after I get my personal jetpack? ;-)
Sabine: You can't simulator a quantum computer in Lego.
Someone on TH-cam: Hold my erector set!
I'd say superconducting qubits have about 100 us coherence times on a good day (some better, some worse in IBM processors). Also, photonic chips use superconducting nanowires for single photon detectors, so they must be cooled far enough below the superconducting transition temperature of those detector materials, WSi or NbTiN, etc...
I too was looking for any status on DWave. Could you elaborate on them?
The situation described at 3:15 exemplifies what often happens when a disruptive technology is introduced. While there may have been a bit of spin involved, I don't think that Google was gaslighting everyone on the comparison. Instead, often just the mere introduction of a disruptive technology can highlight areas for improvements in the incumbent technology. I suspect the Chinese scientists went back to understand how the Quantum computer was able to compute faster, and then took these ideas as guidance on how to improve a traditional computer and software. Voila! They are able to shrink the gap to quantum computing. Other examples of this technological phenomenon are the improvements in the efficiency of internal combustion cars after the advent of electric cars, and the improvement in the performance of passive suspensioned F1 cars after the introduction, and then banning of computer controlled active suspension F1 cars.
To me, this sounds like current "AI", "Graphene", "Fusion" or "Room temp superconductor". It could be possible, but right now we are a looong way from it save for a sudden major breakthrough.
Not long, within 5-10 years. Roughly when I expect ChatGPT will stop getting basic facts wrong. 🤣
Usually I am very interested and can follow what is being discussed. In this case Sabine could have been giving a talk on the construction of magic wands and their variations in Hogwarts class of 'Advanced Infusion of magical artifacts'.
gosh, I feel old! can't understand any of it, but I still enjoy trying!!
Well done Sabine.
Best news channel on YT !
What is needed is a quantum computer calculation of electron density in the magnetar. Limits on density are a direct consequence of electron shell electromagnetic coherence.
Sabine if by some luck you will be able to find an easy to understand use -case for qubits etc , that would be really cool episode ...
My physics teacher was talking about light being the next step.
Love it, hooray Sabine!
Small mistake: At about 11:00 you say that ions are atoms that are missing electrons so they are negatively charged. If they are missing electrons they should be positively charged.
Unless antimatter...
Good God, is this ever over my head! I didn't hear one word that's not English, yet I didn't hear a whole sentence I truly understood.
Well, I'll be back Tuesday to catch up on the usual 'What's New?' video.
As someone who does research in Photonic integrated circuits, this is a great video.
Why are you lying about yourself? ;-)
@@schmetterling4477 why don't you believe me :(
@@user-pv7bh5gt1m Why in the world would I? ;-)
I had an idea for a science fiction story involving Artificial Intelligence. (Quantum Computing?) If they made it into a movie the space craft would look something along the lines of the Avalon from the movie Passengers. The ship could only speed through the vastness of space with the aid of artificial intelligence that would accurately predict objects that would conflict with their flight path because no radar or other sensor could see far enough in advance to be useful. The premise would be that the artificial intelligence would sound an alarm and wake the crew with a warning of an impending collision. BUT.....simultaneously there would be a mechanical malfunction that keeps the ship from automatically taking evasive action. So what, you might ask? The trouble is that this occurrence is unprecedented in deep space travel over hundreds of years.....and the crew no longer has the skills to make the repairs. Thus, the rush is on to learn the skills and repair the ship before they collide with the object. All kinds of twists and turns possible there. At first the ships computer works against them.....because it is malfunctioning. They realize they need to wake certain passengers who might have the intelligence to help save the ship. They have to decide between one of two repair plans because they don't have the manpower or time to pursue both plans. Repair the A.I. so it can resume normal protective operations or learn to repair and pilot the ship themselves. Long story short......they fall short of the deadline to set things right. They prepare for the collision and their demise.
By then they have learned how to bring the surveillance systems alive and monitor their own doom. The screen images are generated through the ships computer. The object comes into view. It moves closer and closer. It looms large on the screen and impacts the ship......only nothing happens. The computer was wrong. There never was an object hurtling towards them. It was an erroneous prediction. The happy ending is that they learned how to learn again. How to be human and not children of artificial intelligence.
excellent as usual. i was confused by the size of the field until i realized you were talking about a soccer field :)
Before I forget, the same what was I going to say happens to me. It must therefore be normal. Great opening to quantum computing having the same problem. However, in my case, I made up a new story which I hope is not quantum computing's own response.
I recall reading articles about 'photonic computing' back in the 1970's.
Scientific American and other tech magazines published some wonderful stuff about AND, OR and NOR gates that operated on single photons.
It was the future of computing and electronics...that never came to be.
Nobody at the time could find a way to make efficient photon sources*.
*Individual photons on demand, not just a bright beam.
Make your new knowledge stick! This video comes with a quiz: quizwithit.com/start_thequiz/1696490804059x651519756707102500
Did you reupload this video a bunch of times with different titles? I have a bot in our guild's Guilded server sharing your videos, and it bombarded us with this same video a bunch of times. And they all had different titles.
Hey Doc, I was gonna ask you to do a video about music and its relation to mathematics, if there is any. I'm no mathematician, but I'd bet my incisors that there is some relation. I know you like music and singing, I saw you singing Ode to Joy, and you have a very nice voice. I was impressed. I'm picturing nerdy little Sabine sitting by the turntable with headphones on and volume cranked to 11, zoning out to mom's Kraftwerk albums. [Maybe the end of Showroom Dummies in particular, it actually sent one of my friends into a trance.]
But I watched a video by some marxist asswipe criticizing the video you made ''why I think capitalism is good'' and I thought you oughta make a rebuttal video to shoot down his asinine arguments. I must've spent an hour defending you from all the nitwit casuists in the comments. They probably thought I have a crush on you, or something. Let 'em, because I do. But with your brilliant brain you could not only shoot down his arguments, you could blow them clear outta the fcuking sky. To really prove his point, he had to tweak a picture of you to make you look like a ghoul, and use frozen screenshots that make you look drunk. And with my cynicism, maybe I could help you throw in a few ad hominem shots, like how he's named after a load of spunk, or how he was born in a laboratory after his daddy jerked off into a petri dish. The junior arch criminals at my school would've driven him back to England in tears, with a name like ''Cockshott''. Paul Cockshott, to be exact. With a name like that, the possibilities are endless. I thought it was a joke at first, but I think that's his real name. I imagine all the thick heads of his subscribers exploding if you were to double down on why you like capitalism. OK, tschüssi.
@@HiddenPalm No, I only uploaded this video once. I did change the title (I almost always do)
@@HiddenPalm She frequently changes the titles to maximize engagement with the clickbait loving algorithms.
Even though I am not into quantum computing, I scored 24/26. I missed the 6th question, I answered that only Microsoft has worked on quantum qubits. 🎉🙂
@sabinehossenfelder its a bit misleading to say we need a certain number of qubits to do useful things. If you factor in error rates, itll make more sense why ion traps have much lower qubits than superconducting qubits.
I enjoy the subjects you present. I love you wardrobe.
Fusion or quantum computing, which one reaches readiness first?
the trick is simple, information about the outcome is transfered to the partner before its measured, thats all you need. and before, after and the direction of causality is ambiguous until you can measure a broken lorentz symmetry. the first particle measured is always A in my explaination, according to whatever foliation you think is true, prefer is true, but until we know how to differentialte its going to be just musings about it.
I like your pullover 👍🏻
Can you make a video on this idea: equations are balancing equalities, transposition are a priori not allowed. But transposition are substituteable by equality. Therefore equalities have a substitute transposition that stayes balanced and does not involve the evolution of the before substituted equation. This balanced transposition could be be in nomenclature. My first imaginary plane. Eigenvectors. In base form. When eigenvalues generate bases for vectors, these vectors can be factorized on both sides of the equation, following generated permitted transpositions by substitution. A with a dot on top. So what's the mathematical process? Please
I thought I saw "Quantized Marijuana Conductance". This was an amazing presentation, like a news broadcast from the future!
Einstein said the only serious question is "is the universe favourable" [benign]. Carl Rogers said "The Facts are Friendly" (taken from a D.E .Harding lecture).
What a great idea for a scientist to explain science articles and sniff out the bs. Very much needed right now
This is my new #1 favorite channel rn. Thank you for these pre-determined moments of laughter 😃 😅😂
This lady is brilliant her on way! thanks for sharing!
Thank you....
IBM started working on light effect transistors/gates in the mid 1980's
Right off the bat, I love the shirt!
You missed mention of QuEra, which is by most accounts the top neutral-atom based quantum computing company. They have 256 atoms on a 2d array available to the public right now for analog hamiltonian simulation.
Quantum Flux by Northlane is a great song
;(
Thats howe see roles
but yeah if you have such an interaction, then it does indeed make quentum computers different, it makes the correlations apear impossible as individual dice so to speak. just like it has to, so there is no conflict. you could build it out of legos that have their orientations physically connected until one of them is put into place somewhere and the interaction is changed or almost completely broken. but is that really lego anymore, or something way cooler, i thing its way cooler.
😂😂😂 4:53 this was playing in the background with me vaguely listening till you said this 😂😂😂😂
10:40 it should be positively charged
thank you
Being a researcher in topological computing I can safely say that process is slow in developing base technology for topological computing but it can easily extended for large qubit systems as their resilience to errors like defects or disorders in chips or due to environment borne.
When a company says they need 10 years to have a breakthrough in a new product, they have no fucking clue when the breakthrough is coming.
10:40 “ions are atoms that are missing some electrons…” So they are positively charged, not negatively.
can you do a video about cat qubits?
Sabine is back!
Splendid !