A correction is in order as I said the gateway program was cancelled, this is not the case and it is due to be in place by the time of the Artemis program in 2024.
Also, a 10-Gy whole-body dose of ionizing radiation would result in almost certain death within 24-48 hours, with or without a bone marrow transplant and supportive care. Anything above 8 Grays is generally regarded as invariably fatal, and 10 is definitely in that territory. A dose of 4-6 Grays is generally where doctors and specialists try to do intensive interventions like colony stimulating factors, marrow transplants, and so on. Anything in the 10 Gy range would probably just be met with palliative care-- I believe that one's chance of survival at that high of a dose is something like less than one tenth of one percent, and that's *with* aggressive interventions. Then again, a lot of the events that have informed our medical knowledge of acute radiation sickness have been multiple-casualty in nature, Chernobyl, Hiroshima/Nagasaki, Castle Bravo fallout, and so on, meaning that such medicines were maybe reserved for those who the doctors thought had the best chance of survival. If it were just a one-victim event, maybe they'd get the kitchen sink thrown at their ARS, I just don't know. Just thought I'd add in that thought about 10 Grays being a tad more serious than you made it sound, thanks for the great video
Came here to ask since I thought I totally missed it. Glad it's not cancelled. Thanks for the correction and your awesome content, learned so much because of you.
That's unfortunate. The gateway program is a waste of effort. Spacecraft should be able to go directly to the Moon without any steppingstones. The Moon itself is the practical steppingstone for missions further out.
@@MrVillabolo Well, in order to prep the Moon to be that stepping stone, you might need the Gateway as an interim step, no? But in all seriousness, there are so many reasons why all the manned missions put on or designed for TLI have been 2-spacecraft (orbiting tug + lunar lander)-- If you need to land your whole stack on the Moon, that means you need to carry enough fuel to lift the entire stack off the Moon again, and you need to have the whole stack certified for the entire complex process of launch, TLI, lunar landing, lunar ascent, and TEI, as well as being itself certified for reentry or having a second capsule anyway for reentry. It is orders of magnitude cheaper to break the stack into discrete pieces, each of which is designed for the environment and workload of each step in the mission. Imagine if you had to have a command and service module (CSM) that was designed not only to accomplish the big navigational burn to get back to Earth (TEI) (The reason I didn't include TLI is because the Apollo missions used the S-IVB third stage to perform its TLI burn, and I assume that Project Artemis will also use a stage to accomplish it too), as well as keep the crew safe in deep space for a week or more, and carry enough consumables for both the trip there and back, but ALSO be rigorously certified for lunar landings and ascents, as well as moderate-to-long duration stays on the lunar surface. Yikes. I know we've come a long way in materials science, engineering, rocketry, and a whole bunch of other things, but even to a casual observer this seems like an unrealistic vision. Also, such a spacecraft would almost certainly be expendable (i.e., not re-usable), so this ship, which would almost certainly be the most expensive spacecraft ever built, would be thrown straight into the garbage can right after it performed its duties. I'm not arguing that it's impossible, I just think that it makes so much more sense to do things another way in terms of a number of variables that it would simply never happen. However, if it did, it would be cool, not gonna lie.
Sign all YT comments thread devolve into childish insults. But yea, CD is a great channel. As a Brit, I appreciate the videos he does on British/European aerospace
If we were taught science in school the way Paul presents these we'd all be in a STEM field by now! Well done Paul fabulous work bro. Please dont skip past the sponsorship message people :-) We must support the channel.
@@Legitpenguins99 One of my hobbies as a child, which is now my career, was programming our home computer. The first computer we had, an Acorn BBC Micro Model B, came with a mountain of detailed programmers documentation and reference material. Everything you needed came with the computer. However, our _second_ computer was an Acorn BBC Archimedes A3000 This came with practically no programmer's documentation. So I could never really program it beyond what was the same between the two computers. Pre-Internet, so you're screwed, it's impossible without spending hundreds of pounds on documentation. And this ain't even know what documentation you should choose. That's what it was like back in the 80s and the start of the 90s, you just wouldn't any information
That's what exploration is. The first explorers who sailed the high seas, without knowing what they were going to find, were also basically playing Russian roulette. Same thing can be said for those who explored Antarctica and mountain tops. Even when we were hunter-gatherer, it took incredible bravery and courage to explore unfamiliar new lands, with all the unknown dangers that could be there.
@@ronaldtartaglia4459 I guess we value human lives more these days, which in itself surely isn't a bad thing? Back then we risked human leaves for silly things like the cold war.
One minor inaccuracy. The reason we see the aurora over the magnetic poles is that the magnetic field is closer to the Earth there. The particles deflected from the magnetosphere are invisible...and the deflection is also invisible. We see light from particles that were not stopped by the magnetosphere and crashed into either oxygen or nitrogen atoms, which then glow after absorbing the energy and becoming energized plasma, like neon tubes do. The particles are not "funneled" there.
The particles are guided along the magnetic field lines towards the poles, a fraction of which are actually guided into the atmosphere. Although funneling is technically not correct, the shape at the poles does resemble a funnel
I think he was trying to simplify the language for everyone to understand. If he went into detail with every single point, the film would last hours and would be very boring.
The Apollo mission could also have realigned the spacecraft so that the CM and LM would be in the shade of the Service Module pointed away from the Sun. The SM engine, food, assorted supplies and water/fuel tanks and batteries would take the brunt of the CME while the crew took shelter in the LM.
When I was a tiny little kid in the 70s watching James Burke talking about the Apollo "moonshots" on British TV, I thought the Van Allen belts were what astronauts used to keep their spacesuit pants from falling down! 😶
Best comment I have read in a long time. Funny, inoffensive, cute, apolitical, non vaccine, non covid, the list goes on ....🤣 Can I preorder 2 for xmas gifts?
@@aaronpetrinec9566 - It is funny though, that we went to the moon, because its there. - but we are now too scared to go the grocery store without protective covering. - Man has really come a long way.
There are several projects working on generating plasma and using magnetism to wrap it around spacecraft in a bubble big enough for spacewalks. Yes, a real life force-field.
The gateway hardware can be made obsolete by using a modified starship that can dock multiple earth-moon shuttles and landers. And be much cheaper. Once that idea has fully settled into the heads of the decision makers, the outcome seems simple to me.
The Apollo astronauts were tough and brave guys. They knew the risks and accepted it with class and preparation. It's no surprise all kinds of conspiracy crackpots and flatearthers reject the achievements of Apollo program because they have not achieved anything significant themselves. Thank you C.D. for bringing the light to this dark place called TH-cam.
It appears you don't understand what a conspiracy theory actually is. A conspiracy theory is a theory that involves a conspiracy. A conspiracy is when two or more organisms (the 'conspirators') work together for some goal. Conspiracy, collaboration, collusion, cooperation. That's it. Conspiracy theory does not mean ridiculous theory (a theory that is ridiculous) or false theory (a theory that is false). A conspiracy theory may be good theory, offering value. A conspiracy theory may be bad theory, offering no value. So what is it that makes it a conspiracy? The relevant question to ask is, are there two or more people involved? If yes, then it's a conspiracy, collaboration, collusion, cooperation. If not, then it is not a conspiracy. A baseball team conspires to beat their opponent. The "official US government story" about 911 is a conspiracy theory; there were more than one hijacker involved. Don't conspire with other idiots to keep the status quo. Instead, conspire with intellectuals to change the world to be a better place to live. Conspiracy, collaboration, collusion, cooperation. All REQUIRE 2 or more people. If you think a theory is a conspiracy theory, ASK YOURSELF, "WHO ARE THE CONSPIRATORS?"!!! The term, conspiracy theory was weaponized by the CIA in the mid 1960's during Operation Mockingbird, in which agents infiltrated corporate mainstream news outlets. This sewage was then spewed on a public lacking the cognitive abilities required to vet information.
@@ashleywallace1165 Thank you for that very articular and equally meaningless comment, but please notice I did not use the term "conspiracy theory" in my comment above. In the context of the topic here, people who believe moon landings were faked deserve pity or even resentment. Calling them conspiracy crackpots is not an insult, but an observation. It's the moon landing deniers who insult the astronauts and all the people who worked in the Apollo program.
@@ashleywallace1165 Even if you're technically correct about the literal definition of "conspiracy theory," you know what the original poster meant by the term. It's evolved a new, common meaning in our vernacular, CIA-inspired or not. I don't think every conspiracy theory is dumb, and they're fun to talk with your friends, but the Moon Hoaxer cretins you see in every comments section on TH-cam for space videos are so god damned obnoxious.
@@ashleywallace1165 Nicely put. Too many conditioned failures lack the cognitive abilities to vet information spewed on them 24/7 by the corporate media.
Rather than a full spheroid of water shielding around the entire craft, would it not be more practical to have a limited area, and quite literal, partial shield of all the craft's water reserves to shelter the crew behind for a few hours?
The LEM spun in what was referred to as a "barbecue roll" to avoid overheating from the sun. That water shield wouldn't work if in just 1 spot. Good idea though.
You can't shield behind something against Galactic Cosmic Radiation, it comes from every direction and the Solar radiation, well read about what happens when it encounters the materials of the craft. You can't just duck behind something and be safe.
Times of depression, sickness and death have always been with mankind. Don't forget the myriad reasons each one of us have to be grateful, glad and to seek the beauty that still exists in the majority of the world around us. Don't give up, and DON'T give in!
Sorry for your loss but do remember that mainstream media exists to spread doom and gloom. They never show a balanced view. Government machinery exists to make itself bigger. It’s never capable of doing a good job of anything.
Watching this video once more... It is a great explanation with a very wide breadth, concise in nature while being detailed at same time. Thank you Mr. Shillito, it is highly appreciated...
The SI unit is Sievert by the way, not Rem. And of course, Gray is an SI unit, but only for raw radiation which does not give the full physiological picture unlike Sievert. So there is a curious mixture of non-SI and SI units in this video, although, at least for Rem and Sievert, it is easy enough to convert them into each other. As an official radiation exposure worker (airline pilot) my monthly, yearly and life long exposure is measured in Sievert of course.
Could the type of radiation they received in space be more dangerous than a slow & steady dose received by nuclear workers? Most of the Apollo astronauts had heart problems in later life from their radiation exposure.
@@TurinTuramber that's true, but the apollo astronauts had a higher rate of heart problems due to radiation damage that disrupted the production of some important enzymes. The question is how did they get that damage so easily.
Just found this page, excellent video and thank you for providing additional information regarding the solar flares and dangers of solar radiation. Looking forward to watching more of your videos!!
Appreciate your great work. This is my favorite channell that never fails to align with my interests how delightful it is to have such a great and knowledgeble narrater, you are proof that Gen X people are our greatest hope for the future.
In the 1990s I used to climb the large Cascade volcanos. The routes frequently went under glacier icefalls. This is where a slow moving glacier hits a cliff and randomly dumps huge chunks of ice. When traversing underneath one, you saw these chucks randomly scattered. Also, eerily when camped out on the glacier you would here thuds from these icefalls. Like space radiation, it is a numbers game. You quickly passed underneath these ice falls and prayed the random event would not happen at that moment.
You've got a guy in a spacesuit, standing on the moon, death and danger all around, his task is to plant a flag, he does that, and then takes the time to straighten it out so it looks good. I love that.
@@dnomyarnostaw The air is not the only protection but it certainly plays a big part. Of course without the magnetic field the air would soon been blown off.
@@oremooremo5075 Yep, after driving to the summit of Mt Haleakala on Maui, elevation almost exactly 3,000metres, I walk down into the crater. I thought I was going to die on the climb back up to the car park.
@@samsonsoturian6013 Nah man, you browse enough TH-cam comments and you'll run into some dead serious Moon Landing hoaxers, they all spout the same 3 misinformed talking points they don't understand and they refuse to listen to any contrary evidence. It makes them feel special to be "in the know," even if they're completely wrong.
I have often wondered how the 1st Apollo mission dealt with the Van-Allen belt around Earth. Now I know that there is no escape from it but instead one must navigate through it to make it to the Moon and other places in the solar system. Odysseus had Scylla and Charybdis and we have cosmic radiation in myriad forms. Thank you for showing the extent of the effects of the solar flare from the 50s here on Earth. That scale of power is unimaginable when you think that it caused over 4,000 magnetically-triggered naval mines to explode within a short time of each other. Satellite circuitry was cooked, solar panels were hammered by charged particles that essentially aged them, digital communications were extensively disrupted. It's an example of how far we have to go scientifically to understand the basic mechanics of the universe...not even that, just stars as a beginning. It's humbling under no uncertain terms but awe-inspiring at the same time. It's why I like Star Trek (original series)-- their slogan wraps the whole idea up by the phrase "to boldly go, where no man has gone before."
@@Ganiscol actually, yes. Every exposure for a short enough time won't damage you significantly. Heck, humans can theoretically even survive half a minute in the vacuum!
I really hope they give you the opportunity to appear as a guest narrator on some of the MagellanTV documentaries, you really deserve more spotlight. Amazing content and incredibly interesting to watch each and every video.
I like your presentation style. Pacing is good, scripting is good. Consistency is flawless (which as a business nerd is a fantastic quality to see in anyone). You do good work.
I just LOVE this channel!!! The information is so extraordinarily and fantastically presented, editing, and narration are superb!!! Thanks for the great video!👍🏻👍🏻😎😎
@@richwatts8824 Earth is no where near being fine tuned for any life. I mean have you ever tried staying naked for long periods of time. There are only a few places in the world suitable for living. Humans have been cheating the system since they invented stone tools and started reshaping the enviroment into what they want.
Boron, lead and certain other elements also work well as radiation shields. Like hydrogen, they have what you might call "lumpy" nuclei in relation to their electron shells, which helps to capture stray neutrons flying past. Boric acid is added to the coolant in certain types of nuclear reactors, to act as a "neutron poison", and thereby calming reactions. Interestingly, polythene - simple plastic - also has a degree of effectiveness as radiation shielding, again because of the amount of hydrogen atoms it contains.
I could be wrong, but I think he is actually referencing this looking at the animation he used: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst Which mean he should have used GRB in that case
The Carrington event, on September 1-2 1959. blew the higher voltage communication lines carrying the morse code communications, by inducing currents in these long electrical lines. There was a similar event causing a blackout some years back, when the power lines running from northern Quebec, were similarly affected. Of course, this just tripped the large numbers of relays all along the line instead of actually frying the system.
4:06 "these ionizing particles can rip us to shreds at the molecular level, or damage the things that make us money which is why it matters so much" nice
The one way to get the point across the people funding you if they don't care about human life. Stop appealing to their hearts and appeal to their wallet.
Since there is nobody sitting in a satellite, the damage it causes to electronics is all that matters for that matter - space isnt just about astronauts. Its fair to point that out, because more people on earth depend on the cloud of sats above us than there are people up there. And make no mistake: working communications and sat nav protect and literally safe hundreds of thousands of lives on earth every day. Watch everything go down the shitter if a flare takes out a large chunk of satellites in our day and age...
I had this argument with some imbecile who kept highlighting the showstopper talk with Marco Durante which 'proved' the apollo missions were faked. Kept dishing ad homenim attacks and calling me a "zelot" (I think it was a new word for him as he used it in every comment) and repeatedly posting a picture of cell DNA being damaged by heavy iron ions, completely ignoring that everything else existed. Was pure jokes.
Some particles floating above the surface would make a very low density atmosphere. That's just what I thought of. Particles of rocks and sand whatever is on the surface
As a matter of fact, in lunar soil, you can find oxygen that originated in Earth's atmosphere, as that oxygen is part of the exosphere of the earth. Every low earth orbit satellite, including the ISS, actually have thrusters as they experience very small drag from gases from the exosphere and thermosphere, which with prolonged exposure, would bring them down eventually.
Paul - is there any way you could do a video on how the landing modules were able to find and dock with the command module again, following landing on the moon's surface. This is something that is quite an achievement given the limited tech back then, and ability to have even practiced and perfected the technique before putting it into practice. Despite the numerous other challenges of the Apollo missions, this was always one of ones that intrigued me, and actually had me doubt the feasibility of such an achievement in a time without any of the complex navigation equipment we have today even. Great video as always!
I was wondering the same thing. The last I heard, it was "off the critical path", meaning that Artemis would proceed without waiting for the station be be built... but the intention was still to build it. That's pretty close to "cancelled", but not quite the same.
I had the same thought. it seems like it wasnt that long ago that spacex had tendered the dragon xl for resupplying the gateway. I do believe it will be cancelled though as it will be seriously expensive to build and resupply. Unless Nasa give spacex sole rights to assemble and resupply the gateway and we all know their competitors wont let that fly..
Being on the moon is MUCH safer than travelling to the moon! You have 50% of radiation reduction just from the moon (which is quite dense) itself. That wasn't mentioned in this video. Long time ago since I've read these figures but I think radiation in space increases by 260x, on the moon it's 120x, and on Mars it's 88x (the Martian number I'm pretty sure about, however these figures may have changed since they were first calculated)
@@AaronShenghao I wouldn't think so, like if putting a metre or two of soil above your head gives adequate protection against most things, then a whole "planet" at your feet is practically a guarantee. The only thing I can think about facing Earth vs being on the far side of the moon is occasionally getting caught in its tail (ie it's magnetosphere)
@@AaronShenghao The 'dark side' of the moon is not dark from the sun. it is dark from the earth, as in faces away. When the moon is in front of the earth, as it is during a new moon phase on one side of earth and maybe even a solar eclipse on the other (but not necessarily), the 'dark side' is in full sunlight. This is a common misconception.
What you do for a long term mission like SpaceX HLS is to surround yourself with supplies, especially consumables. A multi-month mission will actually come with a lot of material that can be used for radiation shielding. If you are ever in a food warehouse, that food blocks everything. Kind of a problem when you need WiFi in the warehouse as WiFi does not pass through pallets of food very well at all. Astronauts also need an oxygen and water supply. As the mission drags on, whatever human waste is not recycled will need to be held onto if possible to use as radiation shielding. You would only discard right before blasting off to return to Earth. (Hopefully whatever you stick that in doesn't leak / get punctured.) In an HLS mission you would likely line Starship with consumables and then have a 'bunker' area where there is extra protection. They already do this kind of stuff on the ISS. If you really want to do space colonization, we are going to need to invest in more advanced engines and a space station where we can do orbital construction in pressurized areas. A thought I had for the pressurized area goes to existing plans and demonstrations for inflatable modules. When you get up to Starship scale, you can potentially haul up a huge inflatable hanger / space dock module with attachment points for more rigid workshop modules with manufacturing equipment in them. The idea would be the inflatable area would be where you do your construction work in a pressurized space so you don't need space suits and the workshop modules would be where parts of what you are building are crafted and say for 3D printing may even extend out into the inflatable area as it is fabricated. The idea for the workshop modules is they would be built on Earth and then simply docked in space to the large inflatable module. You would also have a large airlock module to bring in supplies from cargo Starships and probably have a big zipper type deal so a large completed item such as a spaceship can leave the inflatable module. When you start looking into how to get around the solar system, especially beyond the Moon, nuclear options quickly show up as a way to get high ISP and reasonably good thrust. While chemical propellant can potentially double as a radiation shield, once it is expended to make your ship go somewhere, it is not there to protect you. Depending on the nuclear option used, you can potentially have the performance needed to haul around a permanent radiation shield. You would probably still use consumables and such to help out with that shielding, but always having some, especially a significant amount of shielding by default is better than basically no shielding by default. Nuclear propulsion can also cut down transit times, lessening the need for shielding as the trip / mission is not as long. Chemical on the other hand has the equations break down real quick as you need more delta-V, especially for return trips or even fast transit around the solar system. This is as in you can go orders of magnitude bigger in the amount of propellant you start off compared to the payload mass and only go marginally faster / still not have enough propellant to make the return trip once you get to your destination in the solar system. The only reason we have managed to get probes up to significant speeds in the past using chemical propulsion is they actually spent years doing carefully planned slingshot maneuvers with planets in the solar system, which still means years to decades to get to their destination in the solar system. At this the Voyager spacecraft used an extremely rare orbital alignment to do what it did and so were launched when that rare alignment occurred with haste as it was known it was a once in a lifetime type deal to do. So yeah getting back to nuclear propulsion provides the opportunity to get to useful solar system speeds and even propellant left over for the return trip while still leaving room for permanent radiation shielding schemes.
Great and very informative video thanks Paul, it's unfortunate that people still are clutching at straws about the Van Allen belt, in which you attributed an entire video about, also a big thanks to the Curious Driod team for bringing us quality content, keep up the great work 👍
I remember a cheesy made-for-TV movie from my childhood about the first lunar colony surviving a major solar flare, and a pair of children shielded themselves from the radiation by hiding between large water storage tanks. Turns out it was called Plymouth and it aired on ABC in 1991.
I lived for 10+ years within 100' of a nuclear reactor with a water/fuel tank between us. I received less ionizing radiation during that period than a person who likes to sunbathe on the beach in the Summer for the same timeframe. Water and, especially, hydrocarbons make for superb radiation shielding. Russian submariners I interact with curse the designers of their boats for not incorporating the water and fuel tanks into the reactor shielding. I lament the number of my brothers in the submarine community who suffer today for that shortfall..................
@@colinsouthern i do believe in the moon landings and the space race, my issue is mostly with the general term “conspiracy theorists” which is a contrived term that lumps any critical thinker into a group that can then be disregarded as a whole. I misinterpreted the context of your comment.
@@colinsouthern that first sentence completely invalidates your whole argument. You do the exact same thing every day all day. You seek out info that validates your opinion
My solution being an expert in this field is fly at night then you won’t have to worry about the sun, simple can’t understand why nasa didn’t think of it, byee
The 3 kill shots CMEs from the Sun in July were nothing to laugh about and right up there with July 23 2012 CME event that could have burnt this planet to the ground within 6 months if the CMEs multiple burst were timed a few hours difference.
@@drmantistoboggan2870 umm, no? haha no, it's not?... having smoked/snorted/injected many many ounces of heroin and smoked/injested many many pounds of marijuana... I can indeed declare that heroin and marijuana are in fact different things... I promise. haha
The danger of a solar flare with a moon landing was a part of the fictional story, by James Mitchner, titled "Space," which was made into a US TV miniseries in the 1980s. Towards the end of that story, two lunar astronauts were caught on the moon surface when hit with a lethal solar flare. The command module pilot was protected from the solar flare; but it made for a lonely and depressing return to Earth for him.
Fascinating piece as usual. However, you leave me worrying about the crew on the ISS. I get that there is some protection from the magnetosphere but they must be at risk of significant solar activity. How about a follow-up to deal with that topic.
Its a sad day that Curious has to account for flat earthers in his presentation of space travel, but, alas, they seem the loudest (and thankfully) minority. Good video as usual Curious Droid🖒
Flat Earthers are different from Moon Landing is faked conspiracy theorist. Not that I agree with any of them. Just pointing out while some may believe in both conspiracies, they don't necessarily believe in both. Flat Earthers are the worst since that is easily disproved by looking at the stars in the night sky (Polaris is a the easy one to disprove their theories). Apollo landing conspiracy you have to provide more facts to before they realize they are just dumb internet trolls.
@@paulhaynes5029 The difference between a flat earther and a moon hoax conspirasist is the model of reality they believe in. Moan hoax believe in a spherical earth, their argument is that we did not have the technological capability to land on the moon at the time. A flat earther denies all reality and insist that the earth is flat. Most them use the moon hoax conspiracies to hedge the arguments.
@@rickyecook59 its not that i want people 'thinking like me' - i want people to stop believing in nonsense. Trust science and not flat earthers on youtube or antivaxxers etc. The fact that you're defending them kinda makes you the odd one.
A correction is in order as I said the gateway program was cancelled, this is not the case and it is due to be in place by the time of the Artemis program in 2024.
Also, a 10-Gy whole-body dose of ionizing radiation would result in almost certain death within 24-48 hours, with or without a bone marrow transplant and supportive care. Anything above 8 Grays is generally regarded as invariably fatal, and 10 is definitely in that territory. A dose of 4-6 Grays is generally where doctors and specialists try to do intensive interventions like colony stimulating factors, marrow transplants, and so on. Anything in the 10 Gy range would probably just be met with palliative care-- I believe that one's chance of survival at that high of a dose is something like less than one tenth of one percent, and that's *with* aggressive interventions. Then again, a lot of the events that have informed our medical knowledge of acute radiation sickness have been multiple-casualty in nature, Chernobyl, Hiroshima/Nagasaki, Castle Bravo fallout, and so on, meaning that such medicines were maybe reserved for those who the doctors thought had the best chance of survival. If it were just a one-victim event, maybe they'd get the kitchen sink thrown at their ARS, I just don't know.
Just thought I'd add in that thought about 10 Grays being a tad more serious than you made it sound, thanks for the great video
That's good news
Came here to ask since I thought I totally missed it. Glad it's not cancelled.
Thanks for the correction and your awesome content, learned so much because of you.
That's unfortunate. The gateway program is a waste of effort. Spacecraft should be able to go directly to the Moon without any steppingstones. The Moon itself is the practical steppingstone for missions further out.
@@MrVillabolo Well, in order to prep the Moon to be that stepping stone, you might need the Gateway as an interim step, no? But in all seriousness, there are so many reasons why all the manned missions put on or designed for TLI have been 2-spacecraft (orbiting tug + lunar lander)-- If you need to land your whole stack on the Moon, that means you need to carry enough fuel to lift the entire stack off the Moon again, and you need to have the whole stack certified for the entire complex process of launch, TLI, lunar landing, lunar ascent, and TEI, as well as being itself certified for reentry or having a second capsule anyway for reentry. It is orders of magnitude cheaper to break the stack into discrete pieces, each of which is designed for the environment and workload of each step in the mission. Imagine if you had to have a command and service module (CSM) that was designed not only to accomplish the big navigational burn to get back to Earth (TEI) (The reason I didn't include TLI is because the Apollo missions used the S-IVB third stage to perform its TLI burn, and I assume that Project Artemis will also use a stage to accomplish it too), as well as keep the crew safe in deep space for a week or more, and carry enough consumables for both the trip there and back, but ALSO be rigorously certified for lunar landings and ascents, as well as moderate-to-long duration stays on the lunar surface. Yikes. I know we've come a long way in materials science, engineering, rocketry, and a whole bunch of other things, but even to a casual observer this seems like an unrealistic vision. Also, such a spacecraft would almost certainly be expendable (i.e., not re-usable), so this ship, which would almost certainly be the most expensive spacecraft ever built, would be thrown straight into the garbage can right after it performed its duties.
I'm not arguing that it's impossible, I just think that it makes so much more sense to do things another way in terms of a number of variables that it would simply never happen. However, if it did, it would be cool, not gonna lie.
it still amazes me after years of watching just how good paul is at making these. kudos to easily one of the best content creators on the internet.
I echo that sentiment he is a masterclass.
Lmfao, the best of the fake american propaganda you mean, this guy is always a joke 😂
@@tylerdurden4006 you're the only joke i can see right now. spout nonsense with no possible way to back it up.
@MichaelKingsfordGray yeah, aren't accents annoying?
Sign all YT comments thread devolve into childish insults.
But yea, CD is a great channel. As a Brit, I appreciate the videos he does on British/European aerospace
If we were taught science in school the way Paul presents these we'd all be in a STEM field by now! Well done Paul fabulous work bro. Please dont skip past the sponsorship message people :-) We must support the channel.
Yeah, i really wish i had access to most of the TH-cam channels i watch now while I was still in school.
* Russian
@@Legitpenguins99
One of my hobbies as a child, which is now my career, was programming our home computer.
The first computer we had, an Acorn BBC Micro Model B, came with a mountain of detailed programmers documentation and reference material.
Everything you needed came with the computer.
However, our _second_ computer was an Acorn BBC Archimedes A3000
This came with practically no programmer's documentation.
So I could never really program it beyond what was the same between the two computers.
Pre-Internet, so you're screwed, it's impossible without spending hundreds of pounds on documentation.
And this ain't even know what documentation you should choose.
That's what it was like back in the 80s and the start of the 90s, you just wouldn't any information
carzy how much of early space exploration was basically just russion roulette. those astronauts & cosmonauts were some brave sob's.
No different than aviation of the time. We are just surrounded by pussies now.
True heroes they were.
There’s one above me.
That's what exploration is. The first explorers who sailed the high seas, without knowing what they were going to find, were also basically playing Russian roulette. Same thing can be said for those who explored Antarctica and mountain tops. Even when we were hunter-gatherer, it took incredible bravery and courage to explore unfamiliar new lands, with all the unknown dangers that could be there.
@@ronaldtartaglia4459 I guess we value human lives more these days, which in itself surely isn't a bad thing? Back then we risked human leaves for silly things like the cold war.
One minor inaccuracy. The reason we see the aurora over the magnetic poles is that the magnetic field is closer to the Earth there. The particles deflected from the magnetosphere are invisible...and the deflection is also invisible. We see light from particles that were not stopped by the magnetosphere and crashed into either oxygen or nitrogen atoms, which then glow after absorbing the energy and becoming energized plasma, like neon tubes do. The particles are not "funneled" there.
The particles are guided along the magnetic field lines towards the poles, a fraction of which are actually guided into the atmosphere. Although funneling is technically not correct, the shape at the poles does resemble a funnel
I think he was trying to simplify the language for everyone to understand. If he went into detail with every single point, the film would last hours and would be very boring.
Just the start of his inaccuracies.
@@stevesmith7839 Simplification at the cost of real science.
The Apollo mission could also have realigned the spacecraft so that the CM and LM would be in the shade of the Service Module pointed away from the Sun. The SM engine, food, assorted supplies and water/fuel tanks and batteries would take the brunt of the CME while the crew took shelter in the LM.
That's not how physics and astrophysics work
@Marc Kyle Open the pod bay door hal
@@tylerdurden4006 pwned
@@tylerdurden4006 Says the anonymous commenter on TH-cam. By all means, Doctor, enlighten the rest of the poor mortals here.
@@tylerdurden4006 At 10:11, Paul says that IS how physics and astrophysics works.
When I was a tiny little kid in the 70s watching James Burke talking about the Apollo "moonshots" on British TV, I thought the Van Allen belts were what astronauts used to keep their spacesuit pants from falling down! 😶
😅🤔😀👍🏻😎
You never read a Fantastic Four comic before then?
Best comment I have read in a long time. Funny, inoffensive, cute, apolitical, non vaccine, non covid, the list goes on ....🤣 Can I preorder 2 for xmas gifts?
😹
@@aaronpetrinec9566 - It is funny though, that we went to the moon, because its there. - but we are now too scared to go the grocery store without protective covering. - Man has really come a long way.
There are several projects working on generating plasma and using magnetism to wrap it around spacecraft in a bubble big enough for spacewalks. Yes, a real life force-field.
Apollo had a small fraction of the power needed to do this.
@@Dave5843-d9m I believe Living Corpse is talking about research being done now for future missions.
@@Dave5843-d9m obviously, that's not what OP said
one minor correction, NASA's Gateway project is not cancelled, it's just not on the "critical path". We're still working on it at JSC
gateway to nowhere, sad to say
The gateway hardware can be made obsolete by using a modified starship that can dock multiple earth-moon shuttles and landers. And be much cheaper. Once that idea has fully settled into the heads of the decision makers, the outcome seems simple to me.
The Apollo astronauts were tough and brave guys. They knew the risks and accepted it with class and preparation.
It's no surprise all kinds of conspiracy crackpots and flatearthers reject the achievements of Apollo program because they have not achieved anything significant themselves.
Thank you C.D. for bringing the light to this dark place called TH-cam.
It appears you don't understand what a conspiracy theory actually is.
A conspiracy theory is a theory that involves a conspiracy.
A conspiracy is when two or more organisms (the 'conspirators') work together for some goal.
Conspiracy, collaboration, collusion, cooperation.
That's it.
Conspiracy theory does not mean ridiculous theory (a theory that is ridiculous) or false theory (a theory that is false).
A conspiracy theory may be good theory, offering value.
A conspiracy theory may be bad theory, offering no value.
So what is it that makes it a conspiracy?
The relevant question to ask is, are there two or more people involved?
If yes, then it's a conspiracy, collaboration, collusion, cooperation.
If not, then it is not a conspiracy.
A baseball team conspires to beat their opponent.
The "official US government story" about 911 is a conspiracy theory; there were more than one hijacker involved.
Don't conspire with other idiots to keep the status quo.
Instead, conspire with intellectuals to change the world to be a better place to live.
Conspiracy, collaboration, collusion, cooperation.
All REQUIRE 2 or more people.
If you think a theory is a conspiracy theory, ASK YOURSELF, "WHO ARE THE CONSPIRATORS?"!!!
The term, conspiracy theory was weaponized by the CIA in the mid 1960's during Operation Mockingbird, in which agents infiltrated corporate mainstream news outlets.
This sewage was then spewed on a public lacking the cognitive abilities required to vet information.
@@ashleywallace1165 Thank you for that very articular and equally meaningless comment, but please notice I did not use the term "conspiracy theory" in my comment above.
In the context of the topic here, people who believe moon landings were faked deserve pity or even resentment. Calling them conspiracy crackpots is not an insult, but an observation. It's the moon landing deniers who insult the astronauts and all the people who worked in the Apollo program.
@@ashleywallace1165 Even if you're technically correct about the literal definition of "conspiracy theory," you know what the original poster meant by the term. It's evolved a new, common meaning in our vernacular, CIA-inspired or not. I don't think every conspiracy theory is dumb, and they're fun to talk with your friends, but the Moon Hoaxer cretins you see in every comments section on TH-cam for space videos are so god damned obnoxious.
@@ashleywallace1165 Nicely put.
Too many conditioned failures lack the cognitive abilities to vet information spewed on them 24/7 by the corporate media.
Save the world,
And the world will hate you for it.
Rather than a full spheroid of water shielding around the entire craft, would it not be more practical to have a limited area, and quite literal, partial shield of all the craft's water reserves to shelter the crew behind for a few hours?
The LEM spun in what was referred to as a "barbecue roll" to avoid overheating from the sun.
That water shield wouldn't work if in just 1 spot.
Good idea though.
@@conradmcdougall3629 ...so my old waterbed won't cut it? It's been through so much I thought a solar flare would be easy peasy.
When fuelled Starship will have a lot of liquid methane onboard...something that is also packed with Hydrogen.
You can't shield behind something against Galactic Cosmic Radiation, it comes from every direction and the Solar radiation, well read about what happens when it encounters the materials of the craft. You can't just duck behind something and be safe.
@@RtB68 You just have to be under the water bed to have it work.
Your thoughtful and interesting productions help me enormously in these times of depression, sickness and death. Thank you Paul.
I send positive vibes to you! Keep struggling through.
Agreed. He gives me a sense of peace.
Times of depression, sickness and death have always been with mankind. Don't forget the myriad reasons each one of us have to be grateful, glad and to seek the beauty that still exists in the majority of the world around us. Don't give up, and DON'T give in!
and paranoia
Sorry for your loss but do remember that mainstream media exists to spread doom and gloom. They never show a balanced view. Government machinery exists to make itself bigger. It’s never capable of doing a good job of anything.
Congrats on 1 mil subs! have been enjoying your videos for years, and I look forward to the upcoming ones. Best of Luck!
Thank you very much!
8:54 - - the largest solar flare (8/4/72) - - caused accidental detonation of up to 4,000 mines.
Surely the best way to provide shielding for a long-term base on the moon would be to bury it under half a metre of regolith.
Watching this video once more... It is a great explanation with a very wide breadth, concise in nature while being detailed at same time.
Thank you Mr. Shillito, it is highly appreciated...
The SI unit is Sievert by the way, not Rem. And of course, Gray is an SI unit, but only for raw radiation which does not give the full physiological picture unlike Sievert. So there is a curious mixture of non-SI and SI units in this video, although, at least for Rem and Sievert, it is easy enough to convert them into each other.
As an official radiation exposure worker (airline pilot) my monthly, yearly and life long exposure is measured in Sievert of course.
Did they use Sievert in 1969? If they used Rem back then quoting Rem makes sense.
Could the type of radiation they received in space be more dangerous than a slow & steady dose received by nuclear workers?
Most of the Apollo astronauts had heart problems in later life from their radiation exposure.
@@jbmurphy4 ...most American old men has heart problems. Be strange if they didn't. ^^
@@TurinTuramber that's true, but the apollo astronauts had a higher rate of heart problems due to radiation damage that disrupted the production of some important enzymes.
The question is how did they get that damage so easily.
Cheers mate. Love your stories. You always answer questions that usually get lost in the wash but are massively fascinating.
Thank you so much for your videos Paul. I enjoy watching every video you make.
Just found this page, excellent video and thank you for providing additional information regarding the solar flares and dangers of solar radiation. Looking forward to watching more of your videos!!
Great video Paul. Learned so much watching your vids.
great work Paul, much more detail and science than you get on those dummed down channels on tv
Appreciate your great work. This is my favorite channell that never fails to align with my interests how delightful it is to have such a great and knowledgeble narrater, you are proof that Gen X people are our greatest hope for the future.
In the 1990s I used to climb the large Cascade volcanos. The routes frequently went under glacier icefalls. This is where a slow moving glacier hits a cliff and randomly dumps huge chunks of ice. When traversing underneath one, you saw these chucks randomly scattered. Also, eerily when camped out on the glacier you would here thuds from these icefalls.
Like space radiation, it is a numbers game. You quickly passed underneath these ice falls and prayed the random event would not happen at that moment.
Top drawer as usual.
Both in well researched content, and apparel!
Like my socks👍
For All Mankind Feelings!
Love your videos
This guy always has the most awesome content and shirts. Please sell them or put up a link
Come for the content - stay for the shirts.
Excellent as usual and with a surprise in the beginning showing the view from the Walhalla near Regensburg. 😊
I was seeing this scene right as I read your comment xD
The Walhalla in Donaustauf is a must see if you are in that area
Where do you get such sick T-shirts? I really need a dozen.
i think its by some company called madcap. he has mentioned it in his older videos
Probably from Dan Flashes
Atom Retro, he has a link to them in his old videos
@MichaelKingsfordGray what in tarnation do you mean?
You've got a guy in a spacesuit, standing on the moon, death and danger all around, his task is to plant a flag, he does that, and then takes the time to straighten it out so it looks good. I love that.
So happy to see a Droid video pop up! I click the like button before I even watch it
Always delightful to catch one quickly.
Eu adoro o formato desses mini documentários, espero um dia ver você em um grande canal de TV.
O conteúdo do Paul Shilito é tão bom quando o gosto dele por camisetas!
Fascinating! 🖖🏼
Congratulations for your 1 Million subscribers, it's fully deserved !
Greetings from Lausanne.
The big message is how vital and thin our protective blanket of air is.
Its not the Air that's protective!
@@dnomyarnostaw The air is not the only protection but it certainly plays a big part. Of course without the magnetic field the air would soon been blown off.
Most people get suprised when I tell them how we can only survive upto 3km in the air.
@@oremooremo5075 Yep, after driving to the summit of Mt Haleakala on Maui, elevation almost exactly 3,000metres, I walk down into the crater. I thought I was going to die on the climb back up to the car park.
@@mitseraffej5812 It really strikes in the idea that life is barely making it on Earth
As always fantastic content. Informative, and brilliantly read. The work you must do in putting these videos together. Great Stuff Curious Droid.
I just can't wrap my head around the fact some people think it was faked.
Yeah the camera team was already waiting on the moon when they landed on there.
Especially when the Soviets would have called out any fakes, yet we've still got idiots out there denying it lol. In the same league as flat earthers
They don't. They're trolling you.
Some of them think it's funny, others it's an ego thing where they'd say the sky is red if that was the fad.
@@samsonsoturian6013 Nah man, you browse enough TH-cam comments and you'll run into some dead serious Moon Landing hoaxers, they all spout the same 3 misinformed talking points they don't understand and they refuse to listen to any contrary evidence. It makes them feel special to be "in the know," even if they're completely wrong.
Never underestimate the level of dumb that is possible.
I have often wondered how the 1st Apollo mission dealt with the Van-Allen belt around Earth. Now I know that there is no escape from it but instead one must navigate through it to make it to the Moon and other places in the solar system. Odysseus had Scylla and Charybdis and we have cosmic radiation in myriad forms. Thank you for showing the extent of the effects of the solar flare from the 50s here on Earth. That scale of power is unimaginable when you think that it caused over 4,000 magnetically-triggered naval mines to explode within a short time of each other. Satellite circuitry was cooked, solar panels were hammered by charged particles that essentially aged them, digital communications were extensively disrupted. It's an example of how far we have to go scientifically to understand the basic mechanics of the universe...not even that, just stars as a beginning. It's humbling under no uncertain terms but awe-inspiring at the same time. It's why I like Star Trek (original series)-- their slogan wraps the whole idea up by the phrase "to boldly go, where no man has gone before."
it turns out that if you pass your finger through the fire quickly enough, you don't get burned.
depends how hot the fire is
Depends how wide the fire is, so useless comparison.
Would you like to prove your theory by running through the flame of my flamethrower quick enough, so you wont get burned?
Try passing your hand through the particle beam of the LHC
@@Ganiscol actually, yes. Every exposure for a short enough time won't damage you significantly. Heck, humans can theoretically even survive half a minute in the vacuum!
Superb clarity of explanation on this huge issue for space travel. Loved it.
Those astronauts surely had the right stuff.
I really hope they give you the opportunity to appear as a guest narrator on some of the MagellanTV documentaries, you really deserve more spotlight. Amazing content and incredibly interesting to watch each and every video.
I like your presentation style. Pacing is good, scripting is good. Consistency is flawless (which as a business nerd is a fantastic quality to see in anyone). You do good work.
I just LOVE this channel!!! The information is so extraordinarily and fantastically presented, editing, and narration are superb!!!
Thanks for the great video!👍🏻👍🏻😎😎
Fine tuned universe for humans indeed. Space is crazy.
Earth is fine-tuned for humans, most of the universe is not
@@richwatts8824 Earth is no where near being fine tuned for any life. I mean have you ever tried staying naked for long periods of time. There are only a few places in the world suitable for living. Humans have been cheating the system since they invented stone tools and started reshaping the enviroment into what they want.
Thank you, Paul, for the wonderful explainer about space radiation.
One thing I learn is we are not much better prepared for space travel today than we were back then.
I hear all these dreamers caught up in space X hype saying humans will have a Martian colony in X years etc. People lose sight of reality so easily.
Boron, lead and certain other elements also work well as radiation shields. Like hydrogen, they have what you might call "lumpy" nuclei in relation to their electron shells, which helps to capture stray neutrons flying past. Boric acid is added to the coolant in certain types of nuclear reactors, to act as a "neutron poison", and thereby calming reactions. Interestingly, polythene - simple plastic - also has a degree of effectiveness as radiation shielding, again because of the amount of hydrogen atoms it contains.
Shouldn't Galactic Cosmic Rays be GCRs instead of GSRs?
I could be wrong, but I think he is actually referencing this looking at the animation he used:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst
Which mean he should have used GRB in that case
Yes I think so - I searched for GSRs but not a recognised acronym
The Carrington event, on September 1-2 1959. blew the higher voltage communication lines carrying the morse code communications, by inducing currents in these long electrical lines. There was a similar event causing a blackout some years back, when the power lines running from northern Quebec, were similarly affected. Of course, this just tripped the large numbers of relays all along the line instead of actually frying the system.
4:06 "these ionizing particles can rip us to shreds at the molecular level, or damage the things that make us money which is why it matters so much"
nice
The one way to get the point across the people funding you if they don't care about human life. Stop appealing to their hearts and appeal to their wallet.
Since there is nobody sitting in a satellite, the damage it causes to electronics is all that matters for that matter - space isnt just about astronauts. Its fair to point that out, because more people on earth depend on the cloud of sats above us than there are people up there. And make no mistake: working communications and sat nav protect and literally safe hundreds of thousands of lives on earth every day. Watch everything go down the shitter if a flare takes out a large chunk of satellites in our day and age...
@@Ganiscol Spacecraft.
Thank you, Paul, for an excellent reports with lots of Apollo details and a minimum of 'sturm and drang'.
"Who did" your shirt in this video? I appreciate the size of the space objects.
I can't tell you how much I enjoy your videos. Top quality all the time.
Yay more space related stuff :D
Clear and concise. Thank you!
5 rem at the time. Modern radiation workers have a limit of 2 rem in the US
pffft. 2 rem?? pussies. I bet they don't even smoke while they drink and drive. disgusting.
good one...lots of excellent information
hallelujah... I'm rightfully overwhelmed by your explanations, Paul!!
Excellent video. Thank you.
Always great to see you with a lot of content.
Excellent video as always!
I had this argument with some imbecile who kept highlighting the showstopper talk with Marco Durante which 'proved' the apollo missions were faked. Kept dishing ad homenim attacks and calling me a "zelot" (I think it was a new word for him as he used it in every comment) and repeatedly posting a picture of cell DNA being damaged by heavy iron ions, completely ignoring that everything else existed. Was pure jokes.
Very interesting loved that Paul 👍
When you say there is "essentially" no atmosphere does that mean that there is a hint of a lunar atmosphere?
I read that there actually is a very slight wisp of atmosphere on the Moon, so thin as to be negligible.
Some particles floating above the surface would make a very low density atmosphere. That's just what I thought of. Particles of rocks and sand whatever is on the surface
Guess it depends how one defines atmosphere?
There are gas particles. If you want to call it an atmosphere it's trillions of times thinner than Earths.
As a matter of fact, in lunar soil, you can find oxygen that originated in Earth's atmosphere, as that oxygen is part of the exosphere of the earth. Every low earth orbit satellite, including the ISS, actually have thrusters as they experience very small drag from gases from the exosphere and thermosphere, which with prolonged exposure, would bring them down eventually.
Paul - is there any way you could do a video on how the landing modules were able to find and dock with the command module again, following landing on the moon's surface. This is something that is quite an achievement given the limited tech back then, and ability to have even practiced and perfected the technique before putting it into practice.
Despite the numerous other challenges of the Apollo missions, this was always one of ones that intrigued me, and actually had me doubt the feasibility of such an achievement in a time without any of the complex navigation equipment we have today even.
Great video as always!
I hope he will too, but meanwhile, Vintage Space has a nice video about it.
th-cam.com/video/Ac47IgC39m8/w-d-xo.html
@@ann_onn appreciate it, cheers!
Most of the navigation instruments and concepts had been invented in the aviation industry it was just a matter of adapting them for space flight
Mechjeb
12:51 Did I miss the memo that Gateway was cancelled? NASA finalized the contract for HALO like last month.
I was thinking the same thing lol, had to go look it up to make sure I hadn't missed something
I was wondering the same thing. The last I heard, it was "off the critical path", meaning that Artemis would proceed without waiting for the station be be built... but the intention was still to build it. That's pretty close to "cancelled", but not quite the same.
@@simongeard4824 Right, but with the now announced delay in building the xEMU suits I could see them coming online about the same time
Wondering the same haha, Gateway wasn't canceled at all! Maybe he confused it with the Constellation program?
I had the same thought.
it seems like it wasnt that long ago that spacex had tendered the dragon xl for resupplying the gateway.
I do believe it will be cancelled though as it will be seriously expensive to build and resupply. Unless Nasa give spacex sole rights to assemble and resupply the gateway and we all know their competitors wont let that fly..
Another great educational and informative video. You guys are awesome 👍
Being on the moon is MUCH safer than travelling to the moon! You have 50% of radiation reduction just from the moon (which is quite dense) itself. That wasn't mentioned in this video.
Long time ago since I've read these figures but I think radiation in space increases by 260x, on the moon it's 120x, and on Mars it's 88x (the Martian number I'm pretty sure about, however these figures may have changed since they were first calculated)
But that also means you might need to get to the “dark side” of the moon. I think those numbers are averages, and moon’s magnetosphere is rather tiny.
@@AaronShenghao I wouldn't think so, like if putting a metre or two of soil above your head gives adequate protection against most things, then a whole "planet" at your feet is practically a guarantee. The only thing I can think about facing Earth vs being on the far side of the moon is occasionally getting caught in its tail (ie it's magnetosphere)
@@AaronShenghao The 'dark side' of the moon is not dark from the sun. it is dark from the earth, as in faces away. When the moon is in front of the earth, as it is during a new moon phase on one side of earth and maybe even a solar eclipse on the other (but not necessarily), the 'dark side' is in full sunlight. This is a common misconception.
No worry they never went there. It was all a ruse to save face from the soviet space dominance. th-cam.com/video/t94HPyKIkYQ/w-d-xo.html
@@alberthenriette8976 Do you think we're stupid?
What you do for a long term mission like SpaceX HLS is to surround yourself with supplies, especially consumables. A multi-month mission will actually come with a lot of material that can be used for radiation shielding. If you are ever in a food warehouse, that food blocks everything. Kind of a problem when you need WiFi in the warehouse as WiFi does not pass through pallets of food very well at all. Astronauts also need an oxygen and water supply. As the mission drags on, whatever human waste is not recycled will need to be held onto if possible to use as radiation shielding. You would only discard right before blasting off to return to Earth. (Hopefully whatever you stick that in doesn't leak / get punctured.) In an HLS mission you would likely line Starship with consumables and then have a 'bunker' area where there is extra protection. They already do this kind of stuff on the ISS.
If you really want to do space colonization, we are going to need to invest in more advanced engines and a space station where we can do orbital construction in pressurized areas. A thought I had for the pressurized area goes to existing plans and demonstrations for inflatable modules. When you get up to Starship scale, you can potentially haul up a huge inflatable hanger / space dock module with attachment points for more rigid workshop modules with manufacturing equipment in them. The idea would be the inflatable area would be where you do your construction work in a pressurized space so you don't need space suits and the workshop modules would be where parts of what you are building are crafted and say for 3D printing may even extend out into the inflatable area as it is fabricated. The idea for the workshop modules is they would be built on Earth and then simply docked in space to the large inflatable module. You would also have a large airlock module to bring in supplies from cargo Starships and probably have a big zipper type deal so a large completed item such as a spaceship can leave the inflatable module.
When you start looking into how to get around the solar system, especially beyond the Moon, nuclear options quickly show up as a way to get high ISP and reasonably good thrust. While chemical propellant can potentially double as a radiation shield, once it is expended to make your ship go somewhere, it is not there to protect you. Depending on the nuclear option used, you can potentially have the performance needed to haul around a permanent radiation shield. You would probably still use consumables and such to help out with that shielding, but always having some, especially a significant amount of shielding by default is better than basically no shielding by default. Nuclear propulsion can also cut down transit times, lessening the need for shielding as the trip / mission is not as long. Chemical on the other hand has the equations break down real quick as you need more delta-V, especially for return trips or even fast transit around the solar system. This is as in you can go orders of magnitude bigger in the amount of propellant you start off compared to the payload mass and only go marginally faster / still not have enough propellant to make the return trip once you get to your destination in the solar system. The only reason we have managed to get probes up to significant speeds in the past using chemical propulsion is they actually spent years doing carefully planned slingshot maneuvers with planets in the solar system, which still means years to decades to get to their destination in the solar system. At this the Voyager spacecraft used an extremely rare orbital alignment to do what it did and so were launched when that rare alignment occurred with haste as it was known it was a once in a lifetime type deal to do. So yeah getting back to nuclear propulsion provides the opportunity to get to useful solar system speeds and even propellant left over for the return trip while still leaving room for permanent radiation shielding schemes.
Great and very informative video thanks Paul, it's unfortunate that people still are clutching at straws about the Van Allen belt, in which you attributed an entire video about, also a big thanks to the Curious Driod team for bringing us quality content, keep up the great work 👍
Still one of the best channel intros, keep up the good content
I remember a cheesy made-for-TV movie from my childhood about the first lunar colony surviving a major solar flare, and a pair of children shielded themselves from the radiation by hiding between large water storage tanks. Turns out it was called Plymouth and it aired on ABC in 1991.
In fairness depending on tank orientation that is an excellent strategy since water is one of the best insulating materials against radiation.
I lived for 10+ years within 100' of a nuclear reactor with a water/fuel tank between us. I received less ionizing radiation during that period than a person who likes to sunbathe on the beach in the Summer for the same timeframe.
Water and, especially, hydrocarbons make for superb radiation shielding. Russian submariners I interact with curse the designers of their boats for not incorporating the water and fuel tanks into the reactor shielding. I lament the number of my brothers in the submarine community who suffer today for that shortfall..................
So we need water and hydrogen rich plastics.
Your channel is top notch. I always learn a lot.
Love the subtle mockery of the conspiracy theorists. Much appreciated 😂
Yes, but mostly they get called 'morons' or 'imbeciles'. I was raised Catholic and in that faith, heretics were burned at the stake.
BELIEVE EVERYTHING YOU HEAR ON THE NEWS! REMEMBER TO NOT QUESTION ANYTHING!
@@colinsouthern very poor analogy.
@@colinsouthern i do believe in the moon landings and the space race, my issue is mostly with the general term “conspiracy theorists” which is a contrived term that lumps any critical thinker into a group that can then be disregarded as a whole. I misinterpreted the context of your comment.
@@colinsouthern that first sentence completely invalidates your whole argument. You do the exact same thing every day all day. You seek out info that validates your opinion
very, very interesting and informative- I had heard of this van allen belts etc. but did not understand the hazard presented. thx.
Fantastic as always!
I absolutely look forward to all of your videos. I love learning and the information you provide massages my brain 😊👍 Thank you!!!
And I thought that scene in For All Mankind was scary enough
strong effort indeed, another good and informative video Paul !
My solution being an expert in this field is fly at night then you won’t have to worry about the sun, simple can’t understand why nasa didn’t think of it, byee
Great video. Thank you for making.
Welp I'mma get my comments in ... Video is 👍 great... Great 👕 shirt
Outstanding content as always. Thank you Paul.
The 3 kill shots CMEs from the Sun in July were nothing to laugh about and right up there with July 23 2012 CME event that could have burnt this planet to the ground within 6 months if the CMEs multiple burst were timed a few hours difference.
Just like class and intelligence never made it into your world.
really nice episode. thankyou!
Thank you Curious Droid for being the voice of reason during this time of ever-increasing anti-science rhetoric that is currently sweeping humanity.
fantastic vid, bravo
The Astronauts survived the Radiation, by wearing Tin Foil Suits.
Thanks Paul.
Curious droid posting Apollo stuff, time to spark a blunt real quick
::passes you the bong::
MAY AS WELL JUST DO HEROIN!
@@drmantistoboggan2870 haha what the...? calm down mom
@@ScumfuckMcDoucheface ITS THE SAME THING!
@@drmantistoboggan2870 umm, no? haha no, it's not?... having smoked/snorted/injected many many ounces of heroin and smoked/injested many many pounds of marijuana... I can indeed declare that heroin and marijuana are in fact different things... I promise. haha
Very interesting and detailed video. Thanks
In b4 flat earthers.
Always well researched content👍
Easy Paul, there's no radiation in a studio that's why.
The danger of a solar flare with a moon landing was a part of the fictional story, by James Mitchner, titled "Space," which was made into a US TV miniseries in the 1980s.
Towards the end of that story, two lunar astronauts were caught on the moon surface when hit with a lethal solar flare. The command module pilot was protected from the solar flare; but it made for a lonely and depressing return to Earth for him.
Turns out space is dangerous.
Fascinating piece as usual. However, you leave me worrying about the crew on the ISS. I get that there is some protection from the magnetosphere but they must be at risk of significant solar activity. How about a follow-up to deal with that topic.
ISS is below the Van Allen belts.
@@ann_onn Thanks for that. It would have been a very short video in that case.
Its a sad day that Curious has to account for flat earthers in his presentation of space travel, but, alas, they seem the loudest (and thankfully) minority. Good video as usual Curious Droid🖒
Hey why not they are fun to beat with some cold hard scientific facts.
Flat Earthers are different from Moon Landing is faked conspiracy theorist. Not that I agree with any of them. Just pointing out while some may believe in both conspiracies, they don't necessarily believe in both. Flat Earthers are the worst since that is easily disproved by looking at the stars in the night sky (Polaris is a the easy one to disprove their theories). Apollo landing conspiracy you have to provide more facts to before they realize they are just dumb internet trolls.
@@JimmyMon666 Do flat earthers think the moon is flat as well then?
@@paulhaynes5029 The difference between a flat earther and a moon hoax conspirasist is the model of reality they believe in. Moan hoax believe in a spherical earth, their argument is that we did not have the technological capability to land on the moon at the time.
A flat earther denies all reality and insist that the earth is flat. Most them use the moon hoax conspiracies to hedge the arguments.
@@rickyecook59 its not that i want people 'thinking like me' - i want people to stop believing in nonsense. Trust science and not flat earthers on youtube or antivaxxers etc. The fact that you're defending them kinda makes you the odd one.
Excellent post, CD. Thank you.