ROOTS OF ISLAMIC CONFLICT: The Era of Khulafa al-Rasyidin

Internal conflict in a religion often occurs for various reasons, even since its inception. This also happens in Islam. The internal conflict that occurred was a continuation episode of a series of conflicts that had been going on since the beginning of Islamic history. The conflict stemmed from the leadership succession dispute after the death of the Prophet Muhammad.
Rifts and disputes between elites and relatives gave rise to groups of followers. Since then, the polarization of Muslims has developed and expanded and often leads to war. The emergence of theological disputes became a domino effect of this conflict and dragged the congregation into a wedge of political interests. It is a trigger capable of exploding emotions and fueling the hostility of the people.
Unfortunately, the vortex of conflict, which geopolitically is a strategic area connecting the three continents of Asia, Africa and Europe, has invited the involvement of many foreign parties in it. This contributes to perpetuating increasingly endless conflict.
Perhaps if the Prophet Muhammad had chosen his successor before he died, none of this might have happened.