Semantics: Crash Course Linguistics #5

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 23 ธ.ค. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 183

  • @Artur_M.
    @Artur_M. 4 ปีที่แล้ว +233

    I'm disproportionately and unreasonably happy that this episode contained an example from Polish.

    • @ericBorja520
      @ericBorja520 4 ปีที่แล้ว +13

      Linguistics loves to use examples from all languages! If you look at a text book on the subject, you'll learn about the existence of many languages, some with fewer speakers than the number of people in your class.

    • @Nemo_Anom
      @Nemo_Anom 4 ปีที่แล้ว +12

      I wiem, right?:P

  • @dillonmyers965
    @dillonmyers965 4 ปีที่แล้ว +485

    I feel like Linguistics is such a deep topic and I'm soo glad there's now a Crash Course series about it. Thanks, you guys!

    • @pepijndeputter8892
      @pepijndeputter8892 4 ปีที่แล้ว +13

      It's also always evolving, like language itself. So there's always enough to learn :D

    • @ancientswordrage
      @ancientswordrage 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      I totally agree, which is why we'll need a second course after it

    • @nickhight
      @nickhight 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      I've literally been waiting for years. Pretty stoked!

  • @amykelley666
    @amykelley666 4 ปีที่แล้ว +194

    1:05 Don't forget contronym: one word with two or more contradictory/opposite meanings. I.e the verb "dust". As in "I dust the house", which means to remove particles from the house and "I dust for fingerprints" to add particles to see fingerprints.

    • @lynxaway
      @lynxaway 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      @Markstache maybe this particular word isn’t a contronym, but a quick google search will introduce you to many words that are.

    • @qwertyman1511
      @qwertyman1511 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      didn't both words get started because they used a similar tool?
      the feathery stick for dusting the house and the fine brush for dusting prints?

    • @nickhight
      @nickhight 4 ปีที่แล้ว +24

      If you look, you can find lots more examples. Like, "The alarm went off" could mean either that the alarm started or that it ended. People understand contronyms to mean contradictory things in different contexts. I think, in your example, people implicitly feel that dusting a house has a narrow meaning - it means removing the dust. So we aren't just using the same sense of a word different way. We're using a contradictory sense of the word.

    • @amykelley666
      @amykelley666 4 ปีที่แล้ว +13

      @@0ValdeCalebros Hmm, I've typically heard the term in the context of specifically removing or adding, but you may be right that that's an additional definition for the term.
      Either way, the point is a contronym is another aspect to semantics to consider. Perhaps a clearer example of one is the word "sanction" which could mean to give approval for an action/thing or to punish/put restrictions on some person or nation for illicit activity. Another example would be the word "apology". In the context of an apologist, it means a justification for an action, but it could also mean expressing wrong-doing and/or remorse of an action.
      Edit:
      Funnily enough, we all assume when someone says "I apologize for my actions" that they recognize wrong-doing, but if they're playing on semantics, they may mean they think they were justified in their action.
      Oh, and here's an example of a word that would have recently become a contronym: "Literally". I'm sure you see/hear people using that all the time, for example "I literally died from laughter". Well, in that instance, literally actually means figuratively, otherwise they wouldn't be talking to you and they would be dead lol.

  • @novrdd
    @novrdd 4 ปีที่แล้ว +30

    i gotta be honest, back in the day I have to read through books : a journey with words and boring pages, to be able to have a certain amount of understanding of semantic and its branches. This video gives me a lot of hope, joys, and happiness for how fun it is for people out there to obtain this kind of knowledge nowdays. Thank you so much Crash Course for your works. I adore it so much.

  • @benshahon
    @benshahon 4 ปีที่แล้ว +277

    Even CrashCourse is getting in on the "Is a hot dog a sandwich?" debate.

    • @gilgabro420
      @gilgabro420 4 ปีที่แล้ว +15

      It's not because the two pieces are connected. That's not a discussion!

    • @awesomemilkshake6612
      @awesomemilkshake6612 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      😂😂😂

    • @Casual_Shots
      @Casual_Shots 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      It isn't!

    • @RmcBlueSky
      @RmcBlueSky 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Semantics 😂

    • @therongjr
      @therongjr 4 ปีที่แล้ว +17

      A hot dog has starch on three sides; thus, it is a taco.

  • @QuestionEverythingButWHY
    @QuestionEverythingButWHY 4 ปีที่แล้ว +337

    “I personally believe we developed language because of our deep inner need to complain.”
    ― Jane Wagner

  • @QemeH
    @QemeH 4 ปีที่แล้ว +182

    "How do we know what words mean?" - "Look it up in the dictionary!"
    is the linguistics version of
    "Where does electricity come from?" - "The wall socket."

  • @radagastwiz
    @radagastwiz 4 ปีที่แล้ว +164

    Taboos and euphemisms can go so far that they erase a word from usage. 'Bear', in almost every European language, means 'brown thing'; they have determined that this is a euphemism to avoid saying the animal's real name and avoid its wrath. It worked so well that that real name is no longer known.

    • @SpadesNoir
      @SpadesNoir 4 ปีที่แล้ว +14

      I wouldn't sah the original term is no longer known. It's generally agreed upon that the proto-germanic word "bear" replaced was a cognate with the term that gave us Latin "Ursus" and, eventually, Spanish "Oso". We can't know what the term exactly was, or how exactly it would have evolved, but we're not in the dark either.

    • @solar0wind
      @solar0wind 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Source?

    • @Nemo_Anom
      @Nemo_Anom 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      It's something like *urktos in PIE. The southern and eastern Indo-European languages tended to keep the word, while the northern and western ones tended to use taboo replacement via "brown one".

    • @superduperfreakyDj
      @superduperfreakyDj 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      It's actually still known but just isn't used. There are still versions of the old word in old versions of English, Norse and Slavic

    • @thethirdjegs
      @thethirdjegs 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      ursus and arktos meant brown?

  • @samissoodd
    @samissoodd 4 ปีที่แล้ว +36

    These videos are making me so excited to learn more about Linguistics.

  • @artesiningart4961
    @artesiningart4961 4 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    In Philippine English or the English dialect used in the Philippines by Filipinos, a toilet, toilet room, bathroom, or a wash room, is called a "comfort room" or abbreviated as a "C.R." or "CR". It's maybe because we Filipinos find this particular place as a place where you can be comfortable or where you can feel comfort, but I just don't know the exact reason why and its specific origin and history.

  • @zombies4evadude24
    @zombies4evadude24 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    “Arguing semantics“ is one of my new favorite phrases, right up there with “waxing poetic”.

  • @Matonias
    @Matonias 4 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Super good presentor.. her english is like.. super clear.

  • @Lrozzie
    @Lrozzie 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    The Norwegian matpakke is just a sandwich wrapped in paper that you usually bring either to school/work or maybe on a mountain hike. The word consists of two words. Mat(food) + pakke (package). The filling can be whatever you like.

  • @mhill2468
    @mhill2468 4 ปีที่แล้ว +34

    Semantics is everything, or else everyone would be on a different page

    • @RmcBlueSky
      @RmcBlueSky 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      But everyone is on a different page. If you are not familiar with British English and American English. You can be lost in the sauce. When I was learning English, I believe that English is the same all over the world but then I was exposed to a British, and I realized that it all comes down to semantics. Location and experience mold the language and understanding we use. The same goes for all languages. Remember Spanish is not alike in every country that speaks it. There will be a 10-20% mutation. Heck, it is not the same American English spoken in every place in the US either.

  • @Nemo_Anom
    @Nemo_Anom 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Semantics is one of my favorite branches of linguistics, along with phonology and historical linguistics.

  • @vigilantsycamore8750
    @vigilantsycamore8750 4 ปีที่แล้ว +20

    I hope that "What is the meaning of chair?" becomes a meme in the Crash Course community

  • @BardovBacchus
    @BardovBacchus 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I used to collect reference books. I was surprised to discover that the word computer was listed in a 1921 unabridged English dictionary. I was amused to read that it described someone's job, adding up columns of numbers and/or doing other mathematics or computations.

  • @SergioBobillierC
    @SergioBobillierC 4 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    There is a space missing between "words" and "They" at 7:22

  • @JD-DJ-JJ-DD
    @JD-DJ-JJ-DD 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I'm so happy this series exists! ☺

  • @whelanky
    @whelanky 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Presentation, editing, and content are stellar. Keep up the good work :)

  • @MakeMeThinkAgain
    @MakeMeThinkAgain 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This is shaping up to be a great CrashCourse. I would love it if an episode was devoted to how new languages are created. I love the theory -- from Hawaii -- that it's bored children who create new languages.

  • @anttibjorklund1869
    @anttibjorklund1869 4 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    This video is just semantics.
    _Get it?_

  • @Life_42
    @Life_42 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love CrashCourse videos! Every school should have them!

  • @slajak94
    @slajak94 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    most linguists would agree that BANK is not an example of polysemy but of homonymy, in fact BANK is the most commonly used textbook example of homonymy

  • @onlyDoti
    @onlyDoti ปีที่แล้ว

    i’m the ultimate enabler of the “- is a sandwich/soup” argument. I wholeheartedly believe even our planet is a sandwich

  • @vinicius2uiciniv
    @vinicius2uiciniv 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    2:43 and 'silly' original meaning was "blessed"

  • @lapillity
    @lapillity 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    this series continues to make my Fridays better TT

  • @MrHenriquez
    @MrHenriquez 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Extremely interesting!

  • @krellend20
    @krellend20 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    If bread is on both sides of a thing, it's a sandwich.
    If bread is flat underneath a thing, it's a pizza.
    If bread is folded to hold a thing, it's a taco.
    If bread is wrapped to contain a thing, it's a burrito.
    If it's a hot pocket, it isn't food, stop trying to call it food. ;)

  • @LtNduati
    @LtNduati 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I 👏🏾 am 👏🏾all 👏🏾for 👏🏾this 👏🏾episode 👏🏾let's 👏🏾get 👏🏾it!!!

  • @suhasiniagrawal9569
    @suhasiniagrawal9569 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    A wonderful video

  • @Ac3Kun
    @Ac3Kun 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    As a Portuguese native speaker allow me to say that your pronunciation was pretty good! Loving the series, hope to see more soon

  • @whitneylevis
    @whitneylevis ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for this. Now I know where to start in resolving some common arguments that come up for me. I think the issue is with interpretations related to predicate calculus.

  • @Vininn126
    @Vininn126 4 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    The Polish example is cloooooose but not 100%. wiedzieć is used for intransitive sentences with one exception, being wiem to, i know that (the fact thing)
    znać is used for transitive sentences. not just people, but answers, words, etc.

    • @QemeH
      @QemeH 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Same in german, one word is for scientific/factual knowledge and the other is for being acquainted with someone/something.

  • @mintcarouselchannelabandon5109
    @mintcarouselchannelabandon5109 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    predicate calculus is the reason i never took semantics beyond an introductory course... if i never see a lambda again in my life itll be too soon

    • @mintcarouselchannelabandon5109
      @mintcarouselchannelabandon5109 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      however the promise of non-formal semantic theories out there make semantics more attractive, i have to say.

  • @StaticBlaster
    @StaticBlaster 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    If I don't know a word, I look it up but I also find sentences using that word and form my own sentences using that word. Practice and using the new words in your writing and speech helps move that word from your short term to your long term memory.

  • @vojtechpikal183
    @vojtechpikal183 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    9:00 As o formal (as in used to be, not fancily dressed) i need to dissagree with theese associated meanings.
    All CC hosts like a rabbit means, that every particular CC host likes some (at least one) rabbit. Some can like more, some can like only one. Two or more can like the same rabbit (or several same rabits, while differ on others) or not, we dont know.
    But it deffinetelly does not mean that Every CC host each like a different rabbit - that would be much stronger condition. (Unless you would define your language that way, but we are not constructing a english now, are we?)

    • @QemeH
      @QemeH 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Found the mathematician :D

    • @cenedra20
      @cenedra20 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I think they meant that every host likes a rabbit, and the rabbit is not necessarily the same one. They have to simplify for the sake of time

  • @Danger_Kitten_30-06
    @Danger_Kitten_30-06 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I love Thought Cafe graphics

  • @HamidSoleimani-mg3rf
    @HamidSoleimani-mg3rf 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    It was a very good episode, as the previous ones. There is one important point to highlight though, namely that the two different meanings of 'bank' are an instance of homophony, not polysemy. Other than that, it was great!

  • @hallelshmueli
    @hallelshmueli ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Meat used to mean food in general

  • @Kairikey
    @Kairikey 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love how I can always tell the next topic! YAS ME! YAS CRASHCOURSE!

  • @odinlinga
    @odinlinga 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Matpakke is food you bring from home to work, school or a trip, it's not a type of sandwich

  • @TheGuywithaChannel
    @TheGuywithaChannel 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Awesome video again! Semantics courses at my university were infamously obtuse and formal--we had to learn set theory before even talking about types of meaning--and this was WAY easier to understand. It is hard to capture the scope of Semantics though.

  • @rrrosecarbinela
    @rrrosecarbinela 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Love this series. And others who love it would also probably love the podcast A Way With Words. Wish you could invite them on board, Taylor. That would be a cool interview session!

  • @MarcinW76
    @MarcinW76 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    And now I feel the urge to call toilet a "pooproom" :D

    • @Nemo_Anom
      @Nemo_Anom 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Craphouse FTW

  • @DailyDoseDocumentary
    @DailyDoseDocumentary 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Well done!

  • @gre3nishsinx0Rgold4
    @gre3nishsinx0Rgold4 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    After watching this video, for some reason I want a pet rabbit and to name it Gav.

  • @keerthivasanb7931
    @keerthivasanb7931 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    2:48 euphemisms 👌🏼👌🏼

  • @yasemincadi284
    @yasemincadi284 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Love your videos! thank you so much for your work:)

  • @MrsHellraizer
    @MrsHellraizer 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hold on! I am Norwegian and I've lived and visited places across the country. Vegimite is NOT a thing that is normal on "matpakka" (which means food package for anyone who wants to know). Just saying matpakka doesn't even have to contain bread it can be a salat if you want. But vegimite isn't a thing you can find outside of the biggest cities in Norway.

  • @Queen1001N
    @Queen1001N 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    2:07
    The word “you” is a good example as well.

  • @seantheflere
    @seantheflere 4 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    This made me realise that British English has a much narrower definition of sandwich than American English.

    • @ericBorja520
      @ericBorja520 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Whats sandwich in Britain

    • @QemeH
      @QemeH 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      I feel like the AE definition is muddied a lot by advertisement...
      Best example is the "ice cream sandwich" - it was obviously called that because of its look _akin_ to a sandwich and to make it stand out from other cookie-and-cream ice products. But just because it sells well, doesn't mean it's actually a sandwich, right? If that was an argument, we'd also have to include small gelatenous sweet treats in the definition of "bear"...

    • @elipandaman
      @elipandaman 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      not every speaker of every language or even is the same, though, or uses words in the same way - that's why there's sociolects and even idiolects! hoping this will get touched on in an episode on the sociocultural side + subfield of linguistics :)

    • @seantheflere
      @seantheflere 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@ericBorja520 I personally drew the line when the definition started including fillings between rolls. Depending on where you are in England you call that a cob, a bap, a barm or a teacake, and I'm possibly forgetting a number of variations. I might be contradicted because that's dialect for you

  • @Gangxisiyu
    @Gangxisiyu 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    My education borrowed the psychological term Schema. Packets of cultural information that attach themselves to phonemes which add meaning beyond their definition when formed into a word. Schema can also be entirely individual. What do you think of when you think of "A Fast Car" In America it's usually a red sports car, but it breaks down depending on the individual, and country of origin.

  • @Hegemonicmarxism
    @Hegemonicmarxism 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome video 👌

  • @gelbadayah.sneach579
    @gelbadayah.sneach579 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Pizzas are open face grilled cheese sandwiches. As an absurdist, I feel this is a fine hill to die on.

    • @crashcourse
      @crashcourse  4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      It's good to be able to identify your hill. I support you.
      -NS

  • @leenviolite8255
    @leenviolite8255 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Yo great episode as usual but can we petition Sarah green to host crash course art history and criticism pretty please

  • @simeonadams6065
    @simeonadams6065 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    GRICES MAXIMS- YOU NEED TO DO A CRASH COURSE IN RESEARCH

  • @FreyasArts
    @FreyasArts 4 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    This is giving me traumatic flashbacks to my introduction to Linguistics course at Uni 😂

  • @OliverBenson2024
    @OliverBenson2024 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much for this!

  • @violet_broregarde
    @violet_broregarde 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    5:12 I feel like using the colors of the Subway logo was intentional

  • @face-in-the-crowd
    @face-in-the-crowd 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    So when someone says "that's semantics" what does that mean?

  • @mateuszoclon8057
    @mateuszoclon8057 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    great video

  • @oblivioncrises
    @oblivioncrises 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    The person at 5:35 has their shirt on backward

  • @toutmoncoeur
    @toutmoncoeur 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    00:12

  • @kaleidoscopicepic14
    @kaleidoscopicepic14 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I've finally figured out why my brain is confused by a rabbit named Gav - I know very few words in Farsi, but one of them is "gav," which means "cow."

  • @Ramsinghaniya143
    @Ramsinghaniya143 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Nice

  • @lakrids-pibe
    @lakrids-pibe 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    *Matpakke* means “packed lunch”. If you pack a burrito, then that's your matpakke. You could pack a bowl of salad, and it would still be a matpakke.
    A person from Norway might usually pack a very simple sandwich with liver pate and multiple pieces of bread, but she could also bring lompe or lefse (flat bread) and it would still be a matpakke.

  • @matthewjay660
    @matthewjay660 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I’m a French language teacher and I really appreciated this video.

  • @jprivv8908
    @jprivv8908 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    THANK YOU!

  • @Bendy-Bean
    @Bendy-Bean ปีที่แล้ว

    I'm really enjoying the content, but the captions are overlapping some of the callouts

  • @fiveminutefridays
    @fiveminutefridays 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    seeing people in the comments talking about the Sandwich Debate, and even the Soup/Cereal convo, but the real question is: Is butt leg? (imo it totally is)
    also i miss my semantics homework from my undergrad days. predicate calculus was fun, easy*, and impressed my non-ling friends bc they thought i was doing some super complicated math with all the funky symbols we were using by the end of that quarter.
    *(for me, at the level we were at)

    • @crashcourse
      @crashcourse  4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      butt is not leg!!!!!!!!
      -Nicole

  • @BattlewarPenguin
    @BattlewarPenguin 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    **Goes to the sandwich store**
    -Hi, can I have a pizza? **Stares at the seller**

  • @denniseast9279
    @denniseast9279 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Loving this...

  • @mikediaz9033
    @mikediaz9033 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Awesome 👌

    • @bouncingbean
      @bouncingbean 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Nice example of a word whose meaning has changed over time!

  • @geoffreywinn4031
    @geoffreywinn4031 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Cool video!

  • @qwertyman1511
    @qwertyman1511 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    will this crash course also cover "onthology"?
    Is that even relevant?

  • @ericBorja520
    @ericBorja520 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I was today years old when I learned people don't actually just wash their hands when they say they're going to go wash their hands.

  • @therongjr
    @therongjr 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is no one else gonna recognize that dude in the library at 0:59 is gorgeous?

  • @oasntet
    @oasntet 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wiio's Laws might have something to say about how well we actually manage to communicate ideas...

  • @_zoey.17
    @_zoey.17 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    When I heard that hotdog might be a sandwich a cool podcast called 'A Hotdog Is A Sandwich' came to my mind. I recently discovered it and it's just amazing

  • @mattkuhn6634
    @mattkuhn6634 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Aww, I was hoping we'd segue into talking about scoping quantifiers over others! Ah well, the logician in me can always go do some lambda calculus to pass the time. Great video!

  • @TheKingReto
    @TheKingReto 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    This episodes makes me want to have a chom chom

  • @gimmesomemarai
    @gimmesomemarai 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    My favorite part of the week!

  • @shashank1780
    @shashank1780 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Lol here in india some ppl have started using toilet/bathroom as verb instead of noun

  • @polasamierwahsh421
    @polasamierwahsh421 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Awesome

  • @nathanscottshoemaker2554
    @nathanscottshoemaker2554 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    There are words that sound like what they are but (what are?): "the words that sound like what they are not-or something other than what they are or meant to mean"? Entomology and Etymology. Ento- sounds close enough to ants and by extension insects, fare enough mnemonic to give you a clue. But Ety- sounds like the personal pronoun of a Dugong, Manatee, or Loch Nessie's sister. Not the study of word hist/origins, nor the best example of what I was trying to convey. But anyway what are those words called? And then there is mnem: to remember, but what is the smallest definable/translatable word part or part that caries meaning/sound? It's my understanding that it's these subset comparisons is how word translation programs work.

  • @unoriginalchinwag8688
    @unoriginalchinwag8688 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Love love love this series!!

  • @mrezarifki
    @mrezarifki 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Yes

  • @hsunteik
    @hsunteik 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sandwich is edible stuff in between two other similar edible stuff...?
    Isn't this definition ok?

  • @SunriseFireberry
    @SunriseFireberry 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    "Words can also become narrower in their meaning. For example 'girl' used to mean 'child' and now it's more specific."
    CC Oct. 9/20
    Say what??

    • @RusNad
      @RusNad 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      From Middle English gerle, girle, gyrle (“young person of any sex”), of uncertain origin. Probably from Old English gyrle, *gyrele, from Proto-Germanic *gurwilaz, a diminutive form of Proto-Germanic *gurwijaz (compare North Frisian gör (“girl”), Low German Gör, Göre (“child of either sex”), German Göre (“young child”), dialectal Norwegian gorre, dialectal Swedish garre, gurre (“small child”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“short”)[1] (compare Old Irish gair (“short”), Ancient Greek χρεώ (khreṓ, “need, necessity”), χρήσθαι (khrḗsthai, “to need”), Sanskrit ह्रस्व (hrasva, “short, small”)).

    • @RusNad
      @RusNad 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Etymology is from wiktionary btw

    • @varana
      @varana 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      "girl" (or rather, its Middle English predecessor) could denote a child of either sex, now it's exclusively for female children.

    • @vojtechpikal183
      @vojtechpikal183 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Now its a female child. (althou, child also used to mean something else so im not sure to what timepoit it is refered here.)

    • @QemeH
      @QemeH 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@RusNad Fun fact: We still use "Göre" in german for children of either sex, but the meaning narrowed to "brat" (i.e. uneducated ill-bred kids) instead.

  • @nickhight
    @nickhight 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    There's a really nice TED talk (th-cam.com/video/F6NU0DMjv0Y/w-d-xo.html) that goes into how dictionaries work and what makes a word "real". At the end of the day, what words and phrases mean comes down to how people use them in context, which is why you can get a phrase like "I could care less" to mean "I don't care", even though that is literally the one thing it rules out. Whatever works!

  • @rubberduck3y6
    @rubberduck3y6 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    This video should come with a warning not to watch it on an empty stomach!

  • @misomar7193
    @misomar7193 4 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    ok but is cereal a soup???

  • @dominicmako4649
    @dominicmako4649 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    As a linguistic layman, it seems to me the Prototype definition concept lends itself to a lot of culture bias. As mentioned, a sandwich to one culture will conjure an image completely different from another. It's good in theory, but seems open to mistranslation in practice.

    • @victoriab8186
      @victoriab8186 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I think that may be precisely why it is useful - since that difference in image and understanding occurs between people and cultures, it is useful to acknowledge that and consider it part of the word's meaning - after all, we learn words in contexts, especially as children from repetition and association, therefore of course a word in someone's head will be slightly different to that in another's, this being a feature of language, not a bug

    • @SpadesNoir
      @SpadesNoir 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Well, culture bias is gonna exist whether we like it or not. Saying "human generally don't have or feel the need to have a concise definition of the things they talk about" is simply an acknowledgement of how things work.

    • @andydyer6591
      @andydyer6591 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Dominic Mako Lexical semantics isn’t really about finding a true meaning of a word (or its translation) that cuts through cultural bias; it’s just about describing what meaning users of a language interpret from that word. It’s true that English speakers will probably have a different prototype of a sandwich in mind than Turkish speakers, so that even if they’re speaking the same language they might get some clash of definitions, but this is just the diversity of languages in play. You can never translate a word perfectly between languages, and sometimes even within a language, different speakers will have very different ideas!

  • @ohyeet
    @ohyeet 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    In the future, when you mention a scholar could you put their birthdate in? Or should I wait until the Pragmatics video to comment this...

  • @indylockheart3082
    @indylockheart3082 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Let's not argue semantics now. 😁

  • @naiyakatoch
    @naiyakatoch 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    First one to comment💬!!! 😂😂
    Yeaaaaa!!! Partyyy🎉🎉🎉🎉

  • @Pfhorrest
    @Pfhorrest 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Your universal quantifier example doesn’t imply that Gav exists, because there could be zero Crash Course hosts, and so there wouldn’t need to exist any Gav for all zero of them to like him.

    • @globalincident694
      @globalincident694 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You may be pushing the idea a bit far there. I think whether "all" implies "at least one" is at least a matter of idiolect. A better argument would be that "All crash course hosts like unicorns" doesn't imply that unicorns exist.

    • @Nemo_Anom
      @Nemo_Anom 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Then the predicate wouldn't be valid or sound, that is, false. Linguistics (and logicians) work with predicates that are, at least, assumed valid and sound, unless they are specifically testing truth claims.

    • @fiveminutefridays
      @fiveminutefridays 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      imo Gavs existence and the existence of at least two CC hosts are sticky implications, and can't be false in a world where that sentence is true. Unless we're out here flouting Gricean maxims*, to say "all CC hosts like Gav" implies there's a Gav (even if he's only a fictional concept) and enough CC hosts that you have to specify "all" instead of just saying "The CC host"
      *(i havent kept up with all the CC Ling videos so idk if they've covered those good good maxims yet, but if not, just basically 4 assumptions one can usually safely make of any statement coming from a cooperative conversation partner - That what they're saying is, in their opinion, relevant, true, informative to the correct extent, and conveyed sensibly)

  • @RobotRockRod
    @RobotRockRod 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This whole episode... its all semantics.

  • @QuestionEverythingButWHY
    @QuestionEverythingButWHY 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    “Because without our language, we have lost ourselves. Who are we without our words?”
    ― Melina Marchetta