Thank you! I am studying for my UK Amateur Radio Full license exam and I have been finding FM a bit difficult to understand. I don't need to learn as much detail as you offer here, but it has helped me a lot to spend more time with the basic idea. I have just seen that you also have another video on Frequency Deviation and Modulation Index, so I will go watch that next. Again, thank you for taking the time and effort to make your videos.
Your positive comments motivates me. Teachers like me just wants positive comment from student. Love from you guys means a lot to me. My goal is to create largest community of engineers in entire globe. Please help me by sharing this playlist with your friends.
In case of rectangular pulse you said that frequency deviation will be constant, but the deviation is proportional to area of x(t), so the deviation should linearly increase, similarly you said that in sine case deviation will be max at peak, but again area increases in first half, so freq should keep on increasing and then decrease and come back to normal after one full cycle. Isn't?
Your positive comments motivates me. Teachers like me just wants positive comment from student. Love from you guys means a lot to me. My goal is to create largest community of engineers in entire globe. Please help me by sharing this playlist with your friends.
Yeah the explanation is fine but i have a doubt that as fc should be varying wrt m(t) but u have changed the phase as equals to kf*integral(m(t?)) . Y?
Your positive comments motivates me. Teachers like me just wants positive comment from student. Love from you guys means a lot to me. My goal is to create largest community of engineers in entire globe. Please help me by sharing this playlist with your friends.
Your positive comments motivates me. Teachers like me just wants positive comment from student. Love from you guys means a lot to me. My goal is to create largest community of engineers in entire globe. Please help me by sharing this playlist with your friends.
All the subjects playlist of Engineering Funda is available in comment section. Share it with your friends to support us. Your positive comments motivates me and person like me get boosted by my students feedback. Thanks and welcome 🙏
Hi Sir, your videos are really helpful, at 11:34 based on my understanding, the frequency should not be maximum where x(t) is maximum it will be maximum after some more distance ,i mean where integration of x(t)is maximum, is that correct?
@ 9:20 you wrote "derivation" below the integration sign. Did you mean to write integration instead? That doesn't make sense? Also when you say the max frequency occurs at the top of the sinusoid represented by m(t), that doesn't make sense with regards to the formula since the formula is integration and the max value for the integral value of m(t) occurs at T/2 and then it starts to decrease as we add negative area from m(t) and thus at the end of m(t) the integral the area of m(t) should be zero, correct?
Your positive comments motivates me. Teachers like me just wants positive comment from student. Love from you guys means a lot to me. My goal is to create largest community of engineers in entire globe. Please help me by sharing this playlist with your friends.
In case of PULSE wave if we are taking time integral then the next negative half should gradually reduce the integral to zero right? Then why we are just taking it as negative. Please reply
Hello sir, I have exam tomorrow for Principle of Communication Engg. What questions should I do pls guide me. Should I solve B.P.lathi questions at this moment? I have today's night and tomorrow's morning only
When you teach in whiteboard, it's much much much better. that way i can take screenshot of whatever you wrote at end and that is like short note for entire video which is very helpful in revising.
@@EngineeringFunda Agreed. Teaching in a whiteboard along with a high-resolution video recorder is so much more easier to follow! Hope there will be revised version for all these tutorials. Thanks!
Hi, sir, thank you for the great video. I have some confusion about the frequency of the FM wave. In the last part, should Δf change linearly rather than stay constant? Since Δf represents the area enclose under the square wave, and such area varies with time linearly.
Sir ,jo apne 5:13 me x(t) likha hai (vah eqn kisi bhi signal ko frequency modulate kerne ke liye hai kya ) Jaise x(t) ke place per sine wave , cosine wave ya square wave me se kuch bhi aa sakta hai n. Am I right ?
Also one more question sir! At 11:10 your graph implies that when the frequency of FM wave increases due to the positive portion of the above modulating signal (time interval when x(t) >0) it stays at a constant high frequency . Is that true? My intuition tells me (due to integration) that the frequency should keep on increasing gradually at higher rate till we reach time t_max where amplitude of x(t) is maximum and then gradually the rate of increment should decrease till we reach the zero crosing of the x(t).. Again for the negative portion of x(t) the frequency should keep on decreasing at gradually higher rate till time t_min where amplitude of x(t) is minimum and then the rate of decrement should be gradually lower till we reach the second zero crossing of x(t) Could you please clarify? Thank you!
See, if Amplitude is positively increasing then frequency will increase and if Amplitude is negatively increasing then frequency will decrease with respect to carrier frequency
@@EngineeringFunda if x(t) is sint integration is -cost, which will be maximum at pi , according to the formula should not we see function integration xt rather than xt, please comment, thankyou for taking so much efforts for creating these videos and making learning interactive!
Your Appreciations, care and share matters a lot to me. #EnginneringLove. All the subjects playlist of Engineering Funda is available in comment section. Share it with your friends to support us. Your positive comments motivates me and person like me get boosted by my students feedback. Thanks and welcome 🙏
Amazing series sir! I have a question regarding the block diagramm 6:50 .Is K_f (freq sensitivity) being introduced at the integrator or is it being introduced at the Phase modulator? And also can we regard the phase modulator as an adder of phases (angles)? Thank you so much for providing us with your knowledge!
There is no channel to draw and explain circuit diagram of modulation can u pls do that....bcoz in interviews they r expecting to draw circuits more than block diagrams
The frequency is in terms of integration of m(t) over time, so even if m(t) is constant (as in case of square wave input, in 14th minute) the frequency increases linearly. so as you move further the frequency keeps increasing. But while drawing waveforms who have simply taken fm=fc+delta(f) and fm=fc-delta(f) i.e. constant, for positive and negative inputs respectively. Isn't something wrong here?
Their is a confusion x(t) and m(t). Topic is not clearly understandable. if you explain it with some block diagram then the formula based explanation is easily understandable.
Thank you, I think we can shall may vphv understand the importance value and truth of frequency wavelength and difference between wave and particle nature with speed of particles and at any cost understand the negative wave nature in eating non vegetarian or having sexual abuse or sexual intercourse and prevent them at any cost by maintaining proper speed pitch and frequency in ourself nerves neurons or connections in around us in the environment........
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I am an Afghan, studying Engineering in Pakistan and learning from an Indian teacher, you see education brings people closer. Great explanation.
Education has no boundaries.
Education can spread love and peace every where.
Good afgani
nice..it means pakistan do have engineering colleges apart from other colleges XD
Are u safe from talibans
@@rameshmaligela6915 😂😂
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Thank you! I am studying for my UK Amateur Radio Full license exam and I have been finding FM a bit difficult to understand. I don't need to learn as much detail as you offer here, but it has helped me a lot to spend more time with the basic idea. I have just seen that you also have another video on Frequency Deviation and Modulation Index, so I will go watch that next.
Again, thank you for taking the time and effort to make your videos.
Your welcome 🙏
So please consider not capturing india again
@@Rockybalboa2243bro please have some common sense and maintain some decency.
This guy is saving my online EE covid class :)
Your positive comments motivates me.
Teachers like me just wants positive comment from student.
Love from you guys means a lot to me.
My goal is to create largest community of engineers in entire globe. Please help me by sharing this playlist with your friends.
Ur explanation was helped me in my case studies tq
@Satyasai : your welcome
In case of rectangular pulse you said that frequency deviation will be constant, but the deviation is proportional to area of x(t), so the deviation should linearly increase, similarly you said that in sine case deviation will be max at peak, but again area increases in first half, so freq should keep on increasing and then decrease and come back to normal after one full cycle. Isn't?
I'm from Bangladesh. Thank you sir.
Your positive comments motivates me.
Teachers like me just wants positive comment from student.
Love from you guys means a lot to me.
My goal is to create largest community of engineers in entire globe. Please help me by sharing this playlist with your friends.
5:40 why you changed it to Phase modulator although 2*3.14*f is frequency ? Please explain
Yeah the explanation is fine but i have a doubt that as fc should be varying wrt m(t) but u have changed the phase as equals to kf*integral(m(t?)) . Y?
Great 👍explanation
Glad you think so!
Excellent Explaination Sir
Your positive comments motivates me.
Teachers like me just wants positive comment from student.
Love from you guys means a lot to me.
My goal is to create largest community of engineers in entire globe. Please help me by sharing this playlist with your friends.
Well. The equation in 2:52 just popped up out of nowhere. Don't understand how we got this equation. Also, what is x(t)? This is quite confusing...
Thank you sir nice explanation
Your positive comments motivates me.
Teachers like me just wants positive comment from student.
Love from you guys means a lot to me.
My goal is to create largest community of engineers in entire globe. Please help me by sharing this playlist with your friends.
Ossem explanation sir👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
Great video thank you
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3:52 in modulated signal , wouldn't it be m(t) in place of x(t)?
It is message signal, sorry for writing two different notations.
@@EngineeringFunda its okay sir. Got a bit confused.
Ur writing is very good..
Your positive comments motivates me, Thanks and welcome 🙏
@@EngineeringFunda my viva is aboyto start ...wish me good luck
Good luck
Hi Sir, your videos are really helpful, at 11:34 based on my understanding, the frequency should not be maximum where x(t) is maximum it will be maximum after some more distance ,i mean where integration of x(t)is maximum, is that correct?
@ 9:20 you wrote "derivation" below the integration sign. Did you mean to write integration instead? That doesn't make sense? Also when you say the max frequency occurs at the top of the sinusoid represented by m(t), that doesn't make sense with regards to the formula since the formula is integration and the max value for the integral value of m(t) occurs at T/2 and then it starts to decrease as we add negative area from m(t) and thus at the end of m(t) the integral the area of m(t) should be zero, correct?
Thankyou Sir!
Your positive comments motivates me, Thanks and welcome 🙏
Thank you Prof.
Your positive comments motivates me.
Teachers like me just wants positive comment from student.
Love from you guys means a lot to me.
My goal is to create largest community of engineers in entire globe. Please help me by sharing this playlist with your friends.
Please recheck the explanation 9.50 min to 1027 min.Your SUpport is highly appreciated. Thanks again
It is perfectly correct
@@EngineeringFunda is it carrier frequency or Modulating frequency.Thanks for your response
In case of PULSE wave if we are taking time integral then the next negative half should gradually reduce the integral to zero right?
Then why we are just taking it as negative. Please reply
When you drew high frequency waveform... ahhh.. my teeth!
Hello sir, I have exam tomorrow for Principle of Communication Engg. What questions should I do pls guide me. Should I solve B.P.lathi questions at this moment? I have today's night and tomorrow's morning only
You should prepare your previous years questions.
When you teach in whiteboard, it's much much much better. that way i can take screenshot of whatever you wrote at end and that is like short note for entire video which is very helpful in revising.
We are evolving
@@EngineeringFunda Agreed. Teaching in a whiteboard along with a high-resolution video recorder is so much more easier to follow! Hope there will be revised version for all these tutorials. Thanks!
Thanku sir...great..
Love and happiness of students is my ultimate goal, God bless you 🙏, keep learning and keep progressing.
Great lecture, thanks!
Tq so much sir, ☺️ really useful
Hi, sir, thank you for the great video. I have some confusion about the frequency of the FM wave. In the last part, should Δf change linearly rather than stay constant? Since Δf represents the area enclose under the square wave, and such area varies with time linearly.
Practically in square wave FM , more Nonlinearity will be added
sir in graph u have to draw one modulating signal and one carrier signal then u have to draw fm signal.... if iam right tell me yess..
Sir why are we integratig X(t)
At 3:00 I dint understand from where the second term came from? @Engineering funda
Sir ,jo apne 5:13 me x(t) likha hai (vah eqn kisi bhi signal ko frequency modulate kerne ke liye hai kya )
Jaise x(t) ke place per sine wave , cosine wave ya square wave me se kuch bhi aa sakta hai n.
Am I right ?
Yes, it will be modulating signal.
@@EngineeringFunda OK Sir
You are Great.
Thanks
nice sir....
Also one more question sir! At 11:10 your graph implies that when the frequency of FM wave increases due to the positive portion of the above modulating signal (time interval when x(t) >0) it stays at a constant high frequency . Is that true? My intuition tells me (due to integration) that the frequency should keep on increasing gradually at higher rate till we reach time t_max where amplitude of x(t) is maximum and then gradually the rate of increment should decrease till we reach the zero crosing of the x(t).. Again for the negative portion of x(t) the frequency should keep on decreasing at gradually higher rate till time t_min where amplitude of x(t) is minimum and then the rate of decrement should be gradually lower till we reach the second zero crossing of x(t) Could you please clarify? Thank you!
See, if Amplitude is positively increasing then frequency will increase and if Amplitude is negatively increasing then frequency will decrease with respect to carrier frequency
@@EngineeringFunda if x(t) is sint integration is -cost, which will be maximum at pi , according to the formula should not we see function integration xt rather than xt, please comment, thankyou for taking so much efforts for creating these videos and making learning interactive!
thank you sir
Your Appreciations, care and share matters a lot to me. #EnginneringLove.
All the subjects playlist of Engineering Funda is available in comment section. Share it with your friends to support us.
Your positive comments motivates me and person like me get boosted by my students feedback. Thanks and welcome 🙏
Amazing series sir! I have a question regarding the block diagramm 6:50 .Is K_f (freq sensitivity) being introduced at the integrator or is it being introduced at the Phase modulator? And also can we regard the phase modulator as an adder of phases (angles)? Thank you so much for providing us with your knowledge!
Yeah phase modulation does addition of phase
I couldn't understand the last part of FM modulator
Means that the waveform
Can you please give me the easy way to understand the waveform
excellent
Your positive comments motivates me, Thanks and welcome 🙏
sir can we get your hand written notes
There is no channel to draw and explain circuit diagram of modulation can u pls do that....bcoz in interviews they r expecting to draw circuits more than block diagrams
I place of Ec we use AC ??
Sir, you are not doing the integration when plotting those graphs, you are simply taking the message signal itself
Please check the function of the modulating signal. is it X(t) or M(t) ? Thanks a lot for your Kind support.
It doesn't make any difference, it is just name of modulating signal.
In graph y axis is f not t. If we mention t then deviation for positive cycle is more
why use E to represent amplitude instead of A
How period of signal changes with instateneous frequ of modulating signal.. Kindly explain
Sir, why their is sin and not cos term in carrier frequency relation
It can be sin or cos, it won't effect to modulated signal
@@EngineeringFunda ok thnks
@@EngineeringFundaua doing grt work
Nice
Your positive comments motivates me.
Sir can you add up with the derivation of figure of merit of FM systems?
Sir, apne bataya tha ,frequency high hogi toh, wavelength less hogi..but diagram shows frequency and wavelength both are high . sir ,, plz clear it.
Sir how can the 2π term comes with kf
what is the need of integrating msg singnal
Pls put also subtitles as some of pronunciations is not clear
Thank sir.
The frequency is in terms of integration of m(t) over time, so even if m(t) is constant (as in case of square wave input, in 14th minute) the frequency increases linearly. so as you move further the frequency keeps increasing. But while drawing waveforms who have simply taken fm=fc+delta(f) and fm=fc-delta(f) i.e. constant, for positive and negative inputs respectively. Isn't something wrong here?
At 4.35 what u saying exactly
what is meant by phase modulator
How many times u say FM??
2pi*kf hoga ki kf/2pi ?
Their is a confusion x(t) and m(t). Topic is not clearly understandable. if you explain it with some block diagram then the formula based explanation is easily understandable.
I wrote it x(t) instead of m(t). Hope you understand it. Both are same
@@EngineeringFunda is'nt, x(t) is x(t )and m(t) is integration of x(t) sir.
In fm how modulating signal varies with capacitance of varacter diode?
You can make FM by varactor Diode.
Is the modulated frequency is not greater than carrier frequency
?
as shows in Kennedy's electronic communication system
page no. 69
fig.c
Sir what is discrimination
From my point of view waveform explanation is not clear. Where is carrier wave . You are explaining message signal as carrier wave.
Message will get transformed at higher frequency of carrier wave in Angle modulation
Thank you, I think we can shall may vphv understand the importance value and truth of frequency wavelength and difference between wave and particle nature with speed of particles and at any cost understand the negative wave nature in eating non vegetarian or having sexual abuse or sexual intercourse and prevent them at any cost by maintaining proper speed pitch and frequency in ourself nerves neurons or connections in around us in the environment........
Hello sir ..
Sir my doubt is , why we should use phase modulator for getting FM wave as output sir ?
In FM, Modulation happens with respect to frequency and frequency is a part of phase so you need to have phase modulation to get FM.
@@EngineeringFunda thanks a lot sir
respect 👌
Its worth it
Basically
The real question is how do you write so straight without lines? Lol thanks for the great explanation sir
complete the Topic sir plss
Which topic
sir where can we get the notes
You can see my Android app where you will get all my material.
Name of app: Engineering Funda
Link is given in discription
Subtitle pls🙏
Aisat fam assemble
Yessir
Too many ads man, thanks for the content but still
download adblock plus extension for chrome
@@namishagoyal8126 lol
itna add maat dalo yr..
Bhai phle video chk to kr liya kro daalne we phle aawaj kahi aari h video kahi chlri h
Change pronounce here, not proper pronunciation
Sir Handwriting kharab hai aapkaa samaj nahi aa rha