How Did South India Shock Portuguese? Military Innovation and Gunpowder in the 16th Century
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 29 ก.ย. 2024
- #medievalindia #ThinkingMedieval
You might think that the subcontinent’s kings were passive observers of the brilliance of the rest of the world, but nothing could be farther from the truth. From as early as the 15th century, well before Europeans were even aware of direct sea routes to India, the battlefields and forts of the subcontinent resounded with the boom of gunpowder. This is the story of how South India's Sultans dazzled their world and inaugurated a military revolution in the early modern world.
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Citations:
Eaton, Richard M. "‘Kiss My Foot,’Said the King: Firearms, Diplomacy, and the Battle for Raichur, 1520." Modern Asian Studies 43, no. 1 (2009): 289-313.
Eaton, Richard M., and Philip B. Wagoner. "Warfare on the Deccan Plateau, 1450-1600: a military revolution in early modern India?." Journal of World History (2014): 5̐-50.
Fischel, Roy S. Local States in an Imperial World: Identity, Society and Politics in the Early Modern Deccan. Edinburgh University Press, 2020.
Imaratwale, Abdul Gani. "History of Vijayanagar in MS. Tazkiratul Muluk of Rafiuddin Shirazi". In Studies in Medieval Bijapur, n.d. www.academia.e....
Reddy, Srinivas. The Giver of the Worn Garland: Krishnadevaraya's Amuktamalyada. Penguin UK, 2010.
Reddy, Srinivas. "Stallions of the Indian Ocean". In Schorch, Philipp, Martin Saxer, and Marlen Elders, eds. Exploring materiality and connectivity in Anthropology and beyond. UCL Press, 2020. 98-115.
Stein, Burton. The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
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Placing Portuguese & Vijaynagara in same bracket to demonstrate the braverery of Sultanate is peak propaganada
Vijayanagara under krishnadeva raya was at its peak but Portuguese were something else
Vijaynagar was aggressive against Deccan sultanates that's undoubtedly true. Deccan sultanates were more innovative
Vijayanagara always used portugese consultancy in architecture & technical knowhow. They have used Turkish cavalry too. Even French provided technical support. Why you want History based on your bias & bigotry derived from current context?
@@Eren_Yaeger21 Innovative 🤣🤣🤣 sultanates just brain washed 2 Muslim generals of vijayanagar and arrested allya rama raya and won the Battle of thalikota.
@@mahendradhanushreddy2620 their artillery played a big part.
Also it's war man things like that always happens.
Alhamdulillah
Innovative 🤣🤣🤣 sultanates just brain washed 2 Muslim generals of vijayanagar and arrested allya rama raya and won the Battle of thalikota against vijayanagar.
I have read Lords of the Deccan. I must complement Mr Kanisetti for his scholarly storytelling of ancient south india. Looking forward to more books by him.
I hope a series would be build around this period.
They is no South India, it is Southern India. Please correct yourself. Respectfully
Use proper Indian map in thumbnail!! Why is aksai chin not shown part of India?
Great Video.
Some Historians argue that one of the main reasons the Europeans were able to colonize India was due to their superior technological advances in the military domain.
Could you make a video on whether the gap in military technology was indeed vast & if so, specify the distinct domains in which the westerners were miles ahead of medieval Indian Kingdoms?
Medieval indian moneylenders like jagat seth were responsible for British victory
not really. even British generals said they were equally matched. They did have a slight technological advantage, but it was not significant enough to win battles conceding the Indian rulers also has access to European technology through other Europeans such as the Dutch and French.
Disunity was the reason.
Yes, Industrial Revolution and superior organisation systems were the reason why the British were able to conquer us.
Same can be said about any successful empire, take the Marathas for example, under Shivaji they started out as mostly infantry based mountaneous warfare force with a small cavalry core. They soon dominated cavalry during the reign of Tarabai, so much infact that they became known for it. By the time of Anglo-Maratha wars, they had became the master of artillery, Wellesly and other EIC generals even admitted of the Maratha artillery was better. Wellesly also stated that the Maratha's European style infantry called 'campoos' were becoming increasingly competent and were the best of all native armies. British were worried that they were loosing their technological edge. It took the European officers' mass desertions in Maratha services before the 2nd Anglo-Maratha war to finally defeat them.
On the naval end, Marathas had an excellent coastal navy and defeated alliances of English, Portuguese and Dutch navies multiple times. Kanhoji Angre the Maratha sarnobat remained undefeated at the sea.
No they weren't better .also they failed to assimilate their subjects after conquering + centralisation of power .
British took them very easily by the time of Anglo Maratha wars
@@mohitanand1844 Source for both? Holkars, Gaekwad, Scindhia, Southern Bhonsle, etc are all fondly remembered in their places by the people.
Multiple british generals priase the Maratha as the best native force, they pretty much defetaed everyone else. Wellsely the greatest of all British general would often state Assaye and not Waterloo against Napolean as his greatest victory. Both Cooper and Provan in their works on anglo-maratha wars state that if delayed for just 10 more years the Marathas would have been invincible, marathas won the 1st one anyways.. I would take the word of dedicated military historians over random internet commnet with no source.
@@jupe2001 marathas were very good but brits in 19th cent was something else .also an empire is known for how well it assimilates + influences others .
@@jupe2001 yes he did but Waterloo isn't know for Napoleon's best strategic war . Again saying Marathas were good but certainly not the best of their times.bye
@@mohitanand1844 no, they actually were. And they had French weapons and they also modified those to some extent. I do agree with the centralization part though. The only empire apart from British who were able to do a better job at centralization is the modern day Indian Union in the entire Indian subcontinent
Excellent video! Best of all is the list of citations in the description. I wish more media people would follow Kanisetti's example.
Loved the list of citations. But wasn't Talikota lost due to betrayal by some generals on Vijayanagar side?
Yeah. That’s true
The general was a mercenary and vijayanagar were aware of their questionable loyality , thus they are posted on far side of main force, Vijayanagar outnumbered Sulatane forces without mercenaries the main battle saw heavy fighting at flanks, but vijayanagar forces inflicted many casualties failed to break the flanks then the centre advanced but Sulatane forces filled there canon with copper coins that cause huge confusion and casualties amoung the vigayanagra center , in midst of this the cavalry charged was successful in capturing vigayanagra commander as he was 70 year old and wasn't able to mount the horse in time, this lead to dispersion of vigayanagra forces.
Lol no it was lost due to poor strategy + general idiocy
@@g1y3 copper coins theory is ba
@@mohitanand1844 Vijayanagara empire had hired Muslim mercenaries. The sultans began making it about Hinduism and Islam. So, they switched sides.
If you don't mention the great Marakkar who always fought the Portuguese till his last breath the history is incomplete. Marakkar was eventually killed when the Indian King he fought for sided with the Portuguese.
Long awaited one 👏👏.
Why not next about the Colachel war. Dutch vs India.
Incredible series. Looking forward for more.
They are indian sultans but they are thuraka yavana
When he said that The battle of Talikotta was won only because of superior artillery and not because of betrayal of Vijaynagara's admirals who changed sides rub me the wrong way.
propaganda
@@Gr8putin what is?
@@islandsunsetevidence for your claim?
@@rajashashankgutta4334 Google Gilani brothers.
We need to overhaul how Indian history is taught. Focusing on the lessons the leaders of tomorrow should glean from our rich and varied past.
Military and naval innovation was very much part of our history and yet we are not taught this in school.
I wish history classes are made more interesting with storytelling and analysis of different aspects such as economics, weapons and other technology used and social relationships of not just royals but of commoners as well
It is not, 'South India'. It is southern India, or 'the southern Indian kingdom of...' etc.
There was no Indian state in the 15th century so there is no problem in saying South india Or the Deccan as it was a completely different zone altogether from Indo-Gangetic plain 🤷♂️
@@chethanshajan9047 There was no India either, though there was Bharat. Even by that measure, it should be souther Indian.
@@nrusimha11 There was no "Bharat" Of our modern understanding back then especially in the South. Identities were extremely localised.
@@chethanshajan9047 That is demonstrably not true. Adi Sankara of the 7th century establishing peeTha in the four corners of Bharat is a modern example. The idea of Bharat stretching from the Himalaya to the Indian Ocean well predates him.
@@nrusimha11 Adi shankaras example is just an elitist assertion of the sub-continent with no real evidence being available from subaltern sources.
The writings on Bharatvarsha from the vedic age and later r
1. very vague with no real indication that they r describing a nation, they describe a geographic region like someone in Rome describing Europe. Majority of these writings actually place the borders of Bharat at different areas. Some say the Gangetic plain was Bharatvarsha, others put the boundaries at the Vindhya mountains, most of them never considered the Peninsula to be part of Bharatvarsha. Some did claim its the entire sub-continent while the descriptions stop there with no details on what they r conveying. Today Hindu-Nationalist ideologues took this idea and framed it into what it is today.
2. The overwhelming amount of these writings r from the Gangetic river basin. Just becoz people living in UP and Bihar think the entire sub-continent belongs to their culture doesn’t mean every other region on the sub-continent were in reality like that. Especially when alternative texts like the sangam literature tells us a different story. No one living in afghanistan or Tamil nadu or Assam were claiming they lived in Bharat.
Use of "South India" instead of "Southern India" check, looney left-wing historical revisionism check, calling Persianate invaders as legitimate rulers of the 'subcontinent' check, having a chip on the shoulder about "Naarth Yeendia" check. The whole Dravidian laundry list checks out.
Since when did ThePrint start hiring The Hindu alumni?
Getting frantic over mentioning a geographical direction, check. Chest-Thumping and Exaggerating history for self-satisfaction, check. Delusional and confused “pheeleeng paroud yeendian”, check. The whole RSS Sanghi fascists circus show, check.
@@praveen8925 I'm not even a Sanghi, but feels great knowing that the so-called 'liberal' and 'tolerant' left deems any criticism of it as fascist, even when it does not promote fascism in any way.
If directions(semantics) don't mean anything to you, why not just call it "India"? Why is the word "South" required to be prefixed to India? Why are you okay with the use of the term "Naarth Yeendia" in the video? Where have I exaggerated any part of anybody's history? If invaders from Persia occupy our lands, do they then become native rulers? If it's okay to glorify Persian invaders, why stop at that? Why not glorify the British invaders? Why not talk about their technological achievements, which were far greater than any so-called "Sultanate"? They ruled over India for a long time as well, yet somehow they become an invading force, but invaders from Persia and Arabia are ‘rulers of the subcontinent’.Go ahead, make a video about being proud of British achievements and claim them as Indian and see the reaction you get from Indians and the British alike.
If you don't have a problem with accepting persian invaders occupying territory and enforcing their language and their Muslim faith on to you, why do you recoil at the thought of speaking Hindi?
What the Dravids tell us is that they will happily converse in Arabic and English(both colonial impositions), but they will reject the language that their temples have inscriptions all over of, that their kings were named in, that gave the Tamils the Brahmi script and that fought alongside them when they were being oppressed in Sri Lanka and elsewhere.
What's the difference between using "south india" and "southern india"
@@kicksomeup6998 why are you purposefully difficult to communicate to, what is wrong about specifying a location, you use hierarchical addressing everytime when someone asks for your location; if you are so bent on specification, why call north-east India, north-east ? Let's attach prefixes as and when you like.
No one is proud of the British imperialists nor the Muslim conquests, FYI, the first war of independence took place,100 years prior to the 1857 war, in ‘south India’. No one is glorifying bloodshed, but, stating things as it is, if you want to stay intentionally arrogant, then, go ahead. Stick with what ever superficial idea you have of ‘south India’.
No one is fine with English seeping into our language, it has already eroded our classical language, we use it as a compulsion for now, jobs, business, education, administration, communication and such. We don't want further dilution, get that in your thick head. Hardly 25% in the country speak Hindi as their mother tongue, it has already wiped out other languages and dialects in the central and northwest India.
The irony is that the Cow-Belt which thrusts Hindi upon us compulsorily for improving growth, is the least developed part of India.
Out the 60 lakhs UP students that sat for their secondary exams 10 lakhs failed in their own mother tongue ! And you want us to adopt a tri-lingual format to communicate with BIMARU state, while you lazy quasi-literate states pass by with 2 languages at most.
I am not a language chauvinist, but, learning a language because of self-interest or circumstances is not the same as a government thrusting a foreign language on commoners.
Please, don't continue speaking, it shows how brain-dead and surface level you are when it comes history, Tamil brahmi script is not the same as Ashokan script, which is the oldest north Indian script, dated 300 BCE. Tamil brahmi predates Ashokan brahmi by 200 years, much older inscriptions are yet to be dated, but, by any measure, Tamil script is the oldest written language in the sub continent, second only to the undeciphered Indus script.
Tamils were helped in srilanka ? Helped ?? If the atrocities committed by the Indian peackeeping force in Sri Lanka was helping, then, by your standards, muslim conquistadors were benevolent and east india company was civilized !
Main is video ko dekha nahin hoon, naa mujhe iss video ke subject matter main koi interest hain. Lekin, aapke subscriptions or playlists main kareeb saare channels western hai: "The Majority Report with Sam Seder", "Bernie Sanders", "World Tanks of North America", "Nick White", "Joshua Fluke", "Rahul Pandey" etc. Aap asal Indian ho? (Indian Origin nahin, ek indian jo india main paida or pala hain). Abhi bhi Indian main rehte ho?
another masterpiece by anirbudha
great job buddy
South Indian innovation in weapon grade steel aka wootz steel is legendary. It became a main export to the world in the production of swords.I am sure India will eventually be an innovator in the military field once again.
the comment section is always fighting. And thats when ccp bots havent arrived yet.
Kerala wasn't part of vijaynagar empire... Southern Kerala kingdom of Travancore had defeated Mughal Army of Fakhruddin Polyger in 15th century , the Dutch both on land and water and Tippu Sulthan.... British never conquered our kingdom and it was the richest kingdom during the British rule...we weren't part of the Mughal or Asoka's empire... people falsely draw Kerala on map as a part of Mughal and Asoka's empire.....
,😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😉
bcoz kerala is heavy jungle state, western ghat.
Great counter. Kerala had true ancient humble royal families, rest were part or new fake royals.These big 'kingdoms' were under-inhabited by mostly semi jungle folks.
They never get it right. Don't want to get it right.
True. Present day kerala does not have much iin common with its immediate neighbours. It is still a learning place for the discerning scholar from many acclaimed foreign universities.
Can't explain civilization to kiddo from ghetto/cave. They will not see the finer nuances, how can they??
No need leftist to teach history now we have been learning since 2014 u had 70 years to teach now no use
Fight for civilizational cause 🚩
Sai deepak,anand ranganathan, pushpendra kulshetra,rajiv malhotra
Awesome! Eagerly waiting for the next video!
vijayanagara not conquered whole kerala
Can you make a video on Malik Ambar? Could one attribute Maloji Bhosale’s (Shivaji’s grandpa) success to Ambar’s diversity & inclusion policy?
very well scripted and presented and researched
Good research.. Thank you.
Funny pajeets
Excellent presentation
Thank you
Siege of Constantinople 1463 - Turks used Gun powder Artillery extensively. 1526 First battle of Panipat - Babar employed Turkish gunners Leading to his capture of Delhi. Its surprising that 40 years later in Talikota - Rama Raya couldn't upgrade his Artillery to Level of the Deccan Sultans !!!
Can you also make a video on Malik Ambar who undoubtedly laid the foundation stone of independence of the Deccan. He gave us a sort of template on how to defeat the large Mughal-Rajput armies of the north (A thing even Ch Shivaji Maharaj acknowledges and pays a homage to). A video on the evolution of guerilla tactics or rather 'Bargi-giri' as it was called in those times in the Deccan from Malik Ambar to Holkars would also be great!
Excellent research. ...excellent new contents
Brilliant Brilliant Brilliant!!!!
Aiyoo Saar inthi nahi aata
Excellent show.
Please keep the speed of narration a little slower. Try to include more pauses while you are narrating.
So refreshing to see an young male anchor talking about our glorious medieval history. A welcome change in a sea of women reporters.
Incorrect Indian map is displayed in the video. Please correct it.
Can you make an episode on KAKATIYA Dynasty.
The cannon was loaded with coins and shot in desperation as the Vijaynagara army was closing in !..
Map me Ahoms ko kyun nahi dikhaya ?
India was not seating around for other world to innovate. And in the next line he said india imported people from outside to make guns for them 😆
Hot guy explaining cool history. Print, you did good
Best thing to learn from history is .. that it was present in sometime ..and it's a mirror image ..
I have just started reading ur book
I think you are going to be an important part of India not just media but beyond that 😊 all the best brother
No they didn't. If it's revisionism it's failed one .Portuguese has the most awesome navy second to Brits only .if it's about the battle of Diu then it was a Portuguese win
He sounds like he contributes to the Hindu regularly. Give him a pass, jealousy and victimhood are celebrated in the circles he frequents.
@@kicksomeup6998 I like the Hindu. I am just saying the facts
Yet the portugese were beaten by zamorins and marathas consistently. I guess they werent as strong as you seem to believe
@@seculardharma they beefed with ottomans at their peek on land and sea both .yes they weren't. But they were something
Please do a video on Mysorean Missiles.
Love the infographics
Southern INDIA to be accurate 🙏🏻🙏🏼🙏🏼
Great Content. ..
Amazing content
love your style!
Good...
Thanks..
Please give focus Vijayanagara kingdom and bring more information about their glory it is quiet well ignored by Indian education system as against Tippu Sultan
vijaynagar is south india liberandu
go lick your arab masters feet
it was a first hindu kingdome in India to protect hinduism. u liberandu. im from this place.
Why did the invaders almost always got the better of us. Because they were better than us in muscle Power. And in the centuries gone by the only power was muscle power both of humans and animals
Who's this us here? Indians? The concept of united India did not exist back then, it was divided into many small and big kingdoms, some of them were constantly at conflict and rivalry with each other.
The term islamic invasion is a modern phenomenon. If we look at this in the historical context of those days it's not just the Afghans and Turks who were considered as invaders, native kings in the subcontinent saw any other native king as an invader if their kingdom was invaded. So this term Invaders are not necessarily associated with armies from outside the subcontinent if we look at them in the historical context.
So, these islamic invaders did not win because of muscle power, they won because of technological advances and military innovations, they were the most advanced armies in the world back then. Whereas the Indian powers such as the Rajputs back then, though were brave and chivalrous could not resist this invasion due to lack of tactical knowledge.
In South Asia,
Artillery had beaten Cavalry the first time at Panipat in 1524 not at Talikot in 1565.
Your North South rant is unneccessary.
The Zamorins Navy led by Marakkars did a number on Portuguese warships until a Zamorin became suspicious of his admirals.
Lol .😂😂😂😂
@@mohitanand1844what lol
@@ashwinvk4124 yeah portuguese navy and those marakkars .lol
@@mohitanand1844 what do you mean that is a historical event there was a naval battle between marakkars and portugese
South indians are the real heroes,, zamorins, chera, chozha, pandya,... 💯💯💥💥
Every one is hero
Maratha and rajput in west
Ahom in north east
Maurya,gupta ,somavamshi and samudragupta from east
Porous in Kashmir
Raja ranjit Singh from Punjab
And the list just goes on
Lol🤣 crazy tamilaa
World should officially recognized Kashmir as part of Pakistan
world will reconize who is your father
World has Allredy recognise land of pok and land whole pakistan is part of india.. and population of paxtan and pok as outside invaders who looted and stolen indian land.
World doesn't even want to hear ABOUT Pakistan itself! There is nothing but BAD news and trouble from Pakistan.
Not for nothing did Madeleine Albright call Pakistan "an international migraine (headache)"!