Moral of the story: Stay united. Keep your personal ego aside when it comes to national interest. Take root in your civilizational identity and flourish into a strong eco system of a nation.
@fisty I'm a soldier, a retired commander... I believe I'm fit enough to know what drives man to victory.. Machines can be bought. Motivation cannot be bought, it comes from your roots of your culture. Vietnam defeated the superpower US with mostly low grade weapons, now tell me how that happened..
Narasingha Deva II, King of Kalinga, in his Sanskrit bronze inscription of Kendupatna, mentioned after victory against the Turkic Mughlas in the Battle of Katasin in 1244 CE; "Radha Varendra Yabani Nayanjanaasru, Pureya Dur Binibesita Kalima Srihi, Tadh Bipralamm Karayadrabhuta Nistaranga, Gangapi Nunamamuna Yamunadhunavut” Translation : The Ganga herself blackened for a great extent by the flood of tears which washed away the collyrium from the eyes of the Yavanis [Muslim women] of Radha and Varendra [west and north Bengal] whose husbands have been killed by Narasimha’s army.
Odisha was a wealthy state with historical records showing that it was one of the largest food producers in medival India.It used to export to SE asia and south India.
Odia were successful against Turks bcoz they were able to unite for protection of Jaganath culture.Gajapati declared Lord Jaganatha the king of Odisha and fought under his command.This kind of religious unity among hindus were rare at that time
He basically created pseudo-caliphate. But it was pretty tolerant. We shouldn't forget the brave resistance of odia soldiers against the horde of vijayanagara in udayagiri for more then a year. Neither should we forgot about sitapati aks citaph Khan who bravely faced the horde of vijayanagara and died trying to stop their advance to Cuttack. Jai jagannath jai odisha jai kalinga jai hind
@@Abhishek-sr2pu mind u ! Vijaya Nagar wasn't going to DESTROY the Adobe of bhagwan Jagannath. That's the difference. Also this pattern can be seen in Mewar and Travancore where the rulers rule as deputies of ekling ji and Vishnu bhagwan (I'm not able to recall the Malayalam name for lord Vishnu)
Abhijit is underestimating the significance of horses in medieval warfare. It's not just cavalry tactics (archery) and maneuvers, it is also about mobility (escaping, raiding), reconnaissance, communication, transport, food production & foraging, etc. All combined horse-rich cultures will significantly outperform in medieval times.
Agriculture production doesn't depend on horse in this country , it was depend on bull , they carry heavy load and they won't get tired easily Bull is the thing for griculture but war got advantage in wars , traditionally Indian strength is elephant , Bull and man power when they got charmed by turkick horses indian rulers downfall started in medical ages
KS Lal and Sita Ram Goel are Historians that analysed incidents in detail. Cultural, religious and ethnic context. In this 3 part series we learn technicality
Abhijit sir i don't know if there are any more interesting battles during the turkic/medival period of India but it would be wonderful to have a part 4 of this amazing series. If not then perhaps you could talk more in detail about battles/wars in Persia, the Ottoman empire and the Arabian peninsula.
I read in Sanjeev Sanyal's book that Sol Invictus was to worship the god named Mithras which was also worshipped by Indo-Iranian people who is thought to be the same as the vedic god Mitra. Romans celebrated a festival in his name from 17th to 25th December every year. 25th Dec was taken as Christmas day after rome became catholic. This is why the orthodox church actually celebrates chirstmas on different date that is 7th January.
01:27:55 Would disagree here. The hindu kings definitely differentiated between turks and indigenous rulers. Yes they fought between themselves and never made a big coalition against turks, but them being outsiders was understood. An islamic ruler was always called "turk" or "mlechha" by indians, whereas no Indian ruler calls another Indian enemy or rival ruler as "mlechha". Mlechha is a term for people outside "Aryavarta" , and this word is used for turks a lot by indians.
@@Abhishek-sr2pu 'Turk' is not a vedic word, while 'mlechha' is vedic and still used even today. I would suggest you to read Maratha and Rajpoot literature, the abovementioned terms are used frequently for mohammedan rulers.
@@adarsh_1 Turks are wide spread nation just like arabs. Abhijit never goes detail of what clan or what group of people there were. Simply he says Turks because most of them were from central asia. All I wanna say is names are always twisted. For example Mughals were Turks 100% with some persianasation. But people still call Mughals.
Oh man, what a man AIM is ❤ Totally loved the three part conversation. I really love how he is trying to correlate with the current setup and how they are doing the same mistakes which are happening from the last 1000 years. Hope someone from the Armed Forces watch this and revisit our strategies.
As a history-lover, I greatly thank Abhijit for this vid and kushal too. I had brief idea about things talked here but didnt know about riverine based opposition by oriyas.
17 times mughals got defeated 13 times delhi sultunate got defeated in assam for a 500 year period still not mention in ncert history books.. even every invading islamic army in Assam was always 70000+ everytime
Abhijeet in the terrain of Odisha the movement of elephants can be hidden in the forests and they can be used for ambush. You have extremely tall grass that grows in these regions. For entry and exit from Odisha still there are very limited pathways. You can use the knowledge of local geography to encircle armies on these paths and kill them. Elephants were not used for charging enemy but to be immovable rocks between which enemy can be crushed. In Odisha cavalry was less about speed and more about ability to hold your line. So Odisha didn't have a large horse cavalry but it did use elephant cavalry. Even though Odisha has riverine forts the primary means of battle was always luring the enemy in by having less activity in the fort and allowing them to seige and outflanking them. Odia armies depended much more on deceit and actively avoided battling large formations in open battle because of numerical inferiority. It was always about hit and run to lure the enemy in and ending them with combination of infantry and elephant cavalry.
Abhijit , please do a video on the redundant technologies and why they are going to be redundant and how ? Then we can solve the question of what comes next . Redundancy teaches you how new technology appears.
Bhaaysaab, kitna deen baad kiye ho. Phir bhi thanks. But do continue the historical topics like this which generally isn't taught in our schools and colleges.
Your chronicle of Genghis kanh is amazing. There is a need to understand the real psychology and culture of Mongols without a western and Arab biases. There is a strong possibility that Genghis Kanh actually respected the Indian land and he was avenging mistreatment by Khwarism.
@@chin-taah-muh-nee you are right. But tell me who among these was not a barbarian. I mean there can be a tough competition for greatest barbarian among Turkish , the Khiljis, the Tughlaq taimur and so on.
Nonsense, Changez was too big a bigot to respect Indian land, just like Taimur was, most probably he did not want a long campaign in heatwave of India.
@@balachandrarjogi271 well know about both the song and the book that's why I wrote the comment in first place. And I am expecting some one to write "absloutely nothing" But hey thanks for the link to the song .
Please do battle for somenath next. Also initial skirmishes between the rajas in Pakistan and the ghurids. Perticularly the king who killed himself when he was defeated by ghurids (jayapal I think)
Great suggestion. Shahis of Kabul and Jabul are the least discussed defenders repulsing every enemy at the gates of India for almost 350 years. May be it was Jayapala's son Anandapala who performed a fire ritual that facilitated his self-immolation after he had to shift his capital to Und* (near Peshawar) leaving the upper Kabul valley. Kalhana narrates these events in his historial treatise Rajatarangini
@Abhra Talukdar Yes. Peshawar was Purushapura. The peshawar region was known as Pushkala(ra)vati - a constituent of the larger Gandhar. Und was Udabandapura (correct me if it is incorrect)
@Alexios I Komnenos the info is from various sources, but its in bits & pieces. The immediate resource I can suggest now is Rajatarangini - a 13th c AD treatise by the Kashmiri author Kalhana on the kings of Kashmir & other Northwestern regions of early medieval India. He was a contemporary of the grandson of the Afghan shahi king Anandapala. Another is Varahamihira's work on astronomy where he briefly describes Afghan lands (Avgana as mentioned in it). He was a 6th c AD mathematician - astronomer who is credited with defining zero and proper codification of principles, theories maths & astronomy. One of the sources I may not be able to provide is the Oral history traditions - orally passed down for generations . It might have arisen due to the destruction of Universities and libraries eg. Taxila (near present day Islamabad), Sharda peeth (in the Neelum valley of Pak occupied Jammu & Kashmir)
1 question: The western part of Indian subcontinent, present day Pakistan, parts of Afghanistan and Kashmit got Islamised but not the rest of India until all the way to the other end of the subcontinent, present day Bangladesh. The seat of Islamic power in India was Delhi but even Delhi and its surrounding areas are predominantly non-Muslim today, unlike Lahore, Dhaka, etc. What could be the possible reasons for people in certain regions converting easily in comparison to others?
@@snehashispanda4808 No even before partition, Bengal had a significantly higher Muslim population compared to rest of India until the western frontier (Pakistan). Also, Delhi had higher Hindu population than Muslims even before partition. Yes, there was population exchange but not to an extent where the demography of Delhi completely changed.
Because they were mostly Buddhist dominated areas population wise, muslim rule was longest there except briefly sikhs got power in North West india. You can see that after the fall of mighty shahis Northwest remained in muslim control till sikh rule or say a brief maratha intervention whereas in bengal things were worst...
In sindh and western Punjab majority population was Buddhist who din't resist enough and got easily converted. While in bengal conversions happen on large scale because of lack of resistance by the bong hindus. And in kashmir a loyal mulim minister of king in some 1400 became the king after death of the hindu king and converted the population forcefully,those who dint were killed. And since most of his ministry was still made up of bramins they were spared in the valley.
One correction. There is no fort williams in 1757. It was build later. and industrial revolution between 1760 and 1840 which means fort williams had 1 million rifles in 1820 or something like that , much later than timeline discussed by AIM
Abhijit forgot that the Dogras/sikh infact invaded tibet. They annexed ladakh to jammu kashmir in first invasion but were defeated in 2nd invasion of tibet. Dogras had a dream of annexing kailash mansarovar, however they were defeated in 2nd sino dogra war
@@vikramadityahindu8591 of course they live their. Thats their historical homeland. Dogras are 85% overall in 10 districts Jammu division out of which hindu dogras are 65% overall. Simlarly Dogras are majority in Chamba and Kangra districts of Himachal with large percentage in Mandi, Hamirpur in HP and Pathankot, Hoshiarpur in Punjab.
@@SaurabhSingh-zv1kf its an ethnicity. Some castes do use Dogra as surname but dogras are an ethnicity. They speak Dogri which is one of the official language of India and are mainly found in Jammu and Chamba, Kangra distt of Himachal.
Could we discuss tactics of great Indian military commanders like shivaji maharaj, Bajirao, hari singh nalwa, zorawar singh , lachit borphukan, chola navy ,
AIM has such a vast knowledge and memory of an Elephant sometimes I feel that may be he has a teleprompter in front of him, thanks you both for a wonderful presentation, hope you'll make more of such kind of videos.👍
Loved all the 3 parts. Could you create another part on the gunpowder/artillery evolution in Medieval India under the Turkic dynasties. Was guns and ammunition primarily bought in from Ottomans in a way how our current armed forces are dependant on Russian imports?
I always wondered about this fact, we collapsed after a single big battle while in Europe and West Asia ,even small kingdoms would survive after horrific losses.
AIM is good in his war history analysis but his overall Aura oozes Pessimism. He is pessimistic as hell. Sure India had multiple invasions , had Internal conflicts , were poor in war strategies.. Still our civilisation has managed to survive. There has to be some reason for isn't it?
As an Odia I know our History.The Maratha raids were not frequent or devastating in Odisha.The Bhat Brahmins of Maratha were devotees of Baba Lingaraj and Jagannath ji.In fact many Marathas setteled in Odisha. You can find the Nayak,Bhujbal,Rout surnames in Odisha.Their paternal ancestors from Marathi armies. In the battle History of India the Khandayat and Paikas of Odisha are not mentioned. The word mlechha means dirty,drunkard,womaniser,greedy and unethical. The actual land of Odisha is from Ganga to Godavari.Since the Bengali and Telugus were conqured by Britishers earlier they were more in administration.They took large part of our land.
1192-2021 we still are not changed and we would likewise wiped of like the pagans from the face of the earth karte rehna fir fir 'ghar wapsi' and 'dharma revival'.
The name gajapati means who rides elephants. I always believed that odia kings were able defeat invaders due to huge supply of war horse,well developed business relationships with south east asia,and all small kings uniting under the oath to protect the holy land of Lord Jaganatha.
When the gunpowder weapons were introduced in India the Indian rulers saw the potential of it and many incorporated it in their armies, but why did the Indian kings never invested in this tech like the Europeans or Ottomans did which led to the further development of this tech in Europe, even though you said we were good in metalurgy and why didn't gunpowder weapons were used as an anti cavalry tactic like ottomans used it in 1473 against Aq Qoyunlu(used cavalry like the turks and Mongols).
@@sourabhdebnath8405 europe actually don't receive that much rain compared to indian mausumi season. And even then europe only got a huge amount of guns after the 30 year wars.
@@Abhishek-sr2pu the swedes defeated their opponents in 30 years war using artillery if their leader didn't died during the battle they would have continued their campaign and averge indian rainfall is between 11 to 25 inches and Europe is more than india in the regions above alps
@@sourabhdebnath8405 do europe also has mausumi season? And during that time many indians power also had a huge number of canon. Search about Mughal invasion of Bengal.
01:57:21 Are Elephant cavalries best suited for invasions in swampy, marshy areas like Orissa and Assam? Did the Marathas win with Orissa and Bengal because of this to some extent?
@@chirak8635 Yeah I mean the same but Mughals didn't have enough elephants like Marathas or Rajputs or south so I was asking if Marathas won because of elephants since it is swampy, marshy and elephants are good in wet watery terrain as well unlike horses?
This is a fairly understandable dynamic of feudal societies. The common people don't care too much who is oppressing them, and the intermediate nobility is placated if you give them power and wealth. It is only when there is an assault on their fundamental beliefs and ways of life that there builds up enough support to actually rebel effectively.
@@tanmay6207 okay so you are saying maan Singh is great. Was he a Odia? If not why he didn’t led on his mother land. So don’t put your mind too much into odisha. Think more about your state. Odisha will get back to track very soon. You should try in your state. Track means you should know, what is real problem now. So get back to track everyone.
@s r mohanty. You are correct. Other states lose the battle because they have got confused with Islam. And they forgot Hinduism more faster. They could not figure out who is real enemy. All Hindus at least by now you should know who is the real enemy. Kill the enemy or you will be killed. There is only two situation left now. Everyone must get back to our world. Believe in yourself and in your god and work for your religion. There is very short time left. Everyone who ever is there tell all others and forget your caste. Your caste makes you week. It makes a boundary on your thinking. Actually your work is your caste. After you die then only your caste can be decided. Don’t decide caste before work.
@@pratiknaga 😐 I was just saying that akbar was able to control Orissa only because Maan Singh led the campaign (because Maan singh was a great military leader)
Vijayanagar empire was called “The Karnataka Empire” by the rulers themselves The British historian Robert Sewell named it the neutral, “Vijayanagara Empire” to placate the Telugu speaking populace, who claim the ruling dynasty were from today’s Andhra state. You see, the very last ruler Tirumala Deva Raya, was indeed from Andhra and he ended up controlling the empire as a regent, but he was never declared the legal king The founding and ruling Tuluva dynasty, were from present day Karnataka indeed
Sir please correct me if I am wrong, when the Arabs invaded and conquered Sindh , then further Arab incursions were checked. So why this didn't happen this time. This is an ernestrequest please make a video about the difference between the Arabian invasions and the Turkic invasions on India .
Abhijit Iyer Mitra is the last prophet! We all should just submit to him and his commands! 😅 Fun aside, I had one thing to say. You were discussing that historians are not sure what really happened between 5th and 7th century, that the caste system became so rigid. So Manusmriti could have played some role maybe? It was written around 3rd Century AD and must have got mainstreamed by 5th Century.
Encircling and starving out is one of the widely used and successful ways to take a Fortified position like a Fort. I am not aware of the particular battle but Prithviraj Chauhan may have opted for that approach to take back Bhatinda fort and so it took him a year to take the fort back. Just because Ghuri took it within a week the second time (after it had been under siege for a year by Indians and so weakened probably) its hardly an example of the Power differential. At best, it shows a difference in mindset.
One correction on “Us versus them”. It was pretty evident in the literature from both Odishan era as well as Chola regions and Vijayanagaran areas . There are umpteen examples and the term used was “Mleccha” pretty commonly in Eastern and Southern kingdom literature.
Hi really enjoyed the 3 episodes. Regarding Assam I came accross somewhere (not an academic source) that the kind of armour that the ahom army used also played an important part in the guerrilla tactics that led to it's victory. Apparently silk was used as light armour so the soldiers could be hidden in trees of the forest canopy as the Mughal army negotiated the swampy land with their horses and heavy armour.
A treat for fellow lovers of History: th-cam.com/video/bzatw32j-i4/w-d-xo.html (covers many of the Mongol events Abhijit talks about) And don't miss the exploits of Legendary Mongol generals Subutai and Jebei from somewhere around 21:25
Chanakya in his arthashastra mentions about using tantric rituals to make the enemies feel sick, or have extreme bad luck or anything unnatural. Were there any records of such things during the turkic invasions?
If breeding horses required large plain areas then why mediaeval Japan had many horses and Samurai culture which is centered around swords ,bows and guys riding horse?where did they get their horses from ,I don't think they were able to breed them on their archipelago.
Going with what abhijit explained in the first video, it was probably not 'centered' around horses Japanese we're famous for fighting among themselves and only the feudal shogun probably sat on horses for ceremonial occasions while his army and all fighting was on foot. I'm not sure but that's my closest guess
Abhijit Ji Why were pre-Islamic Hindu kings so averse to killing off the opponent king and his lineage after victory in battle? This would have helped in uniting the country or the subcontinent...on the same token why did Rajput clans/Kings never pursue final resolution of their several ongoing feuds by brutally killing other lineages and unifying Rajputana? Is it because Indian kińgdoms were basically theocracies where the Hindu priestly class or the BUddhist monastic class had pre-eminence over everybody? Did they pacify the population more than other parts of the world in order to hold on to their ascendant position? What were the reasons of the longstanding Rajput feuds anyways lasting several centuries?
Abhijeet Iyer Mitra is the history teacher we never had but needed the most..
Watch Abhijit Chavda channel
So true
good but not awesome
@@sksumd awesome teacher
Watch kings and general, invicta, knowledgeia
Moral of the story:
Stay united. Keep your personal ego aside when it comes to national interest.
Take root in your civilizational identity and flourish into a strong eco system of a nation.
Technologies win war, worrying too much about tradition and values is the worst thing you can do when on the battlefield.
@@demorvie agreed 100%. And we are repeating the same mistakes even now
No. That's literally the opposite.
That was not really the lesson.
@fisty I'm a soldier, a retired commander...
I believe I'm fit enough to know what drives man to victory..
Machines can be bought. Motivation cannot be bought, it comes from your roots of your culture.
Vietnam defeated the superpower US with mostly low grade weapons, now tell me how that happened..
Narasingha Deva II, King of Kalinga, in his Sanskrit bronze inscription of Kendupatna, mentioned after victory against the Turkic Mughlas in the Battle of Katasin in 1244 CE;
"Radha Varendra Yabani Nayanjanaasru,
Pureya Dur Binibesita Kalima Srihi,
Tadh Bipralamm Karayadrabhuta Nistaranga,
Gangapi Nunamamuna Yamunadhunavut”
Translation : The Ganga herself blackened for a great extent by the flood of tears which washed away the collyrium from the eyes of the Yavanis [Muslim women] of Radha and Varendra [west and north Bengal] whose husbands have been killed by Narasimha’s army.
Odisha was a wealthy state with historical records showing that it was one of the largest food producers in medival India.It used to export to SE asia and south India.
it was a trading centre in oceanic routes to southeast asia
Odia were successful against Turks bcoz they were able to unite for protection of Jaganath culture.Gajapati declared Lord Jaganatha the king of Odisha and fought under his command.This kind of religious unity among hindus were rare at that time
He basically created pseudo-caliphate. But it was pretty tolerant. We shouldn't forget the brave resistance of odia soldiers against the horde of vijayanagara in udayagiri for more then a year. Neither should we forgot about sitapati aks citaph Khan who bravely faced the horde of vijayanagara and died trying to stop their advance to Cuttack. Jai jagannath jai odisha jai kalinga jai hind
@@Abhishek-sr2pu but the Vijayanagar emperors were Hindus why to stop them anyway it was payback for what you did in southern India
@@Abhishek-sr2pu but his intention was not to attack jaganath ji but get the hand of the Princess
@@Abhishek-sr2pu mind u !
Vijaya Nagar wasn't going to DESTROY the Adobe of bhagwan Jagannath. That's the difference.
Also this pattern can be seen in Mewar and Travancore where the rulers rule as deputies of ekling ji and Vishnu bhagwan (I'm not able to recall the Malayalam name for lord Vishnu)
@Rashmi ranjan Swain plz mention the book you're taking reference from , will prepare for OAS
How we would love a lesson like this on the Rise and Fall of Marathas with respect to their War Tactics and Diplomatic Strategy.
Abhijit is underestimating the significance of horses in medieval warfare. It's not just cavalry tactics (archery) and maneuvers, it is also about mobility (escaping, raiding), reconnaissance, communication, transport, food production & foraging, etc. All combined horse-rich cultures will significantly outperform in medieval times.
He forgets the bigger picture always 😂
Agriculture production doesn't depend on horse in this country , it was depend on bull , they carry heavy load and they won't get tired easily Bull is the thing for griculture but war got advantage in wars , traditionally Indian strength is elephant , Bull and man power when they got charmed by turkick horses indian rulers downfall started in medical ages
Ha beta come to assam where cavalry horses were beaten by infantry and elephants for 500 years
This is how history should be taught.. absolutely brilliant
KS Lal and Sita Ram Goel are Historians that analysed incidents in detail. Cultural, religious and ethnic context.
In this 3 part series we learn technicality
His pattern recognition talent is unmatched when it comes to history
Never thought History subject could be explained this interestingly. Thank you AIM
Abhijit sir i don't know if there are any more interesting battles during the turkic/medival period of India but it would be wonderful to have a part 4 of this amazing series.
If not then perhaps you could talk more in detail about battles/wars in Persia, the Ottoman empire and the Arabian peninsula.
Thanks!
Proud of being Odia ❤️ jay Kalinga
I read in Sanjeev Sanyal's book that Sol Invictus was to worship the god named Mithras which was also worshipped by Indo-Iranian people who is thought to be the same as the vedic god Mitra. Romans celebrated a festival in his name from 17th to 25th December every year. 25th Dec was taken as Christmas day after rome became catholic. This is why the orthodox church actually celebrates chirstmas on different date that is 7th January.
Man, this is the most enlightening talk on the Indian history on youtube. I must say AIM is a beast in the history of India!
One of the most insightful sessions I have watched . Kudos Kushal and AIM .
01:27:55 Would disagree here. The hindu kings definitely differentiated between turks and indigenous rulers. Yes they fought between themselves and never made a big coalition against turks, but them being outsiders was understood. An islamic ruler was always called "turk" or "mlechha" by indians, whereas no Indian ruler calls another Indian enemy or rival ruler as "mlechha". Mlechha is a term for people outside "Aryavarta" , and this word is used for turks a lot by indians.
I doubt that. That vedic time name would have been already gone.
@@Abhishek-sr2pu 'Turk' is not a vedic word, while 'mlechha' is vedic and still used even today. I would suggest you to read Maratha and Rajpoot literature, the abovementioned terms are used frequently for mohammedan rulers.
@@adarsh_1 Turks are wide spread nation just like arabs. Abhijit never goes detail of what clan or what group of people there were. Simply he says Turks because most of them were from central asia. All I wanna say is names are always twisted. For example Mughals were Turks 100% with some persianasation. But people still call Mughals.
@@1212-m6b You are correct, but what does it have to do with the original comment?
That was Aalaaboi battle (आलावै/ आलावइ रण) before Saraighat (शराइ घाट) battle happened.
Oh man, what a man AIM is ❤
Totally loved the three part conversation.
I really love how he is trying to correlate with the current setup and how they are doing the same mistakes which are happening from the last 1000 years.
Hope someone from the Armed Forces watch this and revisit our strategies.
It brought tears of pride.Again it was the in-flight because of which we were done in.
As a history-lover, I greatly thank Abhijit for this vid and kushal too. I had brief idea about things talked here but didnt know about riverine based opposition by oriyas.
This whole trilogy must be archived.its pure gold.. i am going to show this to my son.
17 times mughals got defeated 13 times delhi sultunate got defeated in assam for a 500 year period still not mention in ncert history books.. even every invading islamic army in Assam was always 70000+ everytime
Became attack on assam doesn't win u india, delhi wins u india.
With stupid logics like "They couldn't cross Brahmaputra ".
I mean you can cross Sindhu and Ganga but not Brahmaputra !!
@@EloraSelah that is the stupid headline assumtion of the jhola chap historians. Delhi was just one sultanate.
Then how did Muzlims makes 35per population in Assam if they could not have conquered ever?
@@SaurabhSingh-zv1kf Bangladeshi influx after 1947
It's a joy to hear history from AIM.. hope u continue this series on the complete Indian history in sequence
as he said he needs stimulating thoughtful questions to spur him on
@@MrJuggernautishere yes.. But that's a tough task for ametures like me..
Abhijeet in the terrain of Odisha the movement of elephants can be hidden in the forests and they can be used for ambush. You have extremely tall grass that grows in these regions. For entry and exit from Odisha still there are very limited pathways. You can use the knowledge of local geography to encircle armies on these paths and kill them. Elephants were not used for charging enemy but to be immovable rocks between which enemy can be crushed. In Odisha cavalry was less about speed and more about ability to hold your line. So Odisha didn't have a large horse cavalry but it did use elephant cavalry. Even though Odisha has riverine forts the primary means of battle was always luring the enemy in by having less activity in the fort and allowing them to seige and outflanking them. Odia armies depended much more on deceit and actively avoided battling large formations in open battle because of numerical inferiority. It was always about hit and run to lure the enemy in and ending them with combination of infantry and elephant cavalry.
He mentioned a few of your points in his second video
Same for assam
Abhijit , please do a video on the redundant technologies and why they are going to be redundant and how ? Then we can solve the question of what comes next . Redundancy teaches you how new technology appears.
Bhaaysaab, kitna deen baad kiye ho. Phir bhi thanks. But do continue the historical topics like this which generally isn't taught in our schools and colleges.
Thanks a lot for this insightful talk on Ahom kings and Oriya & Assamese successful resistance against Turkic invaders. 👍👏👏👏🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳
Your chronicle of Genghis kanh is amazing. There is a need to understand the real psychology and culture of Mongols without a western and Arab biases. There is a strong possibility that Genghis Kanh actually respected the Indian land and he was avenging mistreatment by Khwarism.
@@chin-taah-muh-nee you are right. But tell me who among these was not a barbarian. I mean there can be a tough competition for greatest barbarian among Turkish , the Khiljis, the Tughlaq taimur and so on.
@@chin-taah-muh-nee 👍
Genghis was converted to islam i read.
Nonsense, Changez was too big a bigot to respect Indian land, just like Taimur was, most probably he did not want a long campaign in heatwave of India.
This was one of the best discussion series I have seen in a long time. Thank you both.
Hindus never understood "War what is it good for " 😁😁😁
"Absolutely nothing...."
@@balachandrarjogi271 Ian morris disagree with u
@@smoky3302 You've got me here. I aimed at something and I got shot. I accept my defeat sir.
@@smoky3302 th-cam.com/video/ztZI2aLQ9Sw/w-d-xo.html
@@balachandrarjogi271 well know about both the song and the book that's why I wrote the comment in first place.
And I am expecting some one to write "absloutely nothing"
But hey thanks for the link to the song .
a podcast with abhijit on architecture pls from ancient medieval to modern (including interior design)
Please do battle for somenath next. Also initial skirmishes between the rajas in Pakistan and the ghurids. Perticularly the king who killed himself when he was defeated by ghurids (jayapal I think)
Great suggestion. Shahis of Kabul and Jabul are the least discussed defenders repulsing every enemy at the gates of India for almost 350 years.
May be it was Jayapala's son Anandapala who performed a fire ritual that facilitated his self-immolation after he had to shift his capital to Und* (near Peshawar) leaving the upper Kabul valley.
Kalhana narrates these events in his historial treatise Rajatarangini
Pratiharas as well...
@Abhra Talukdar
Yes. Peshawar was Purushapura. The peshawar region was known as Pushkala(ra)vati - a constituent of the larger Gandhar.
Und was Udabandapura (correct me if it is incorrect)
@Alexios I Komnenos the info is from various sources, but its in bits & pieces. The immediate resource I can suggest now is Rajatarangini - a 13th c AD treatise by the Kashmiri author Kalhana on the kings of Kashmir & other Northwestern regions of early medieval India. He was a contemporary of the grandson of the Afghan shahi king Anandapala.
Another is Varahamihira's work on astronomy where he briefly describes Afghan lands (Avgana as mentioned in it). He was a 6th c AD mathematician - astronomer who is credited with defining zero and proper codification of principles, theories maths & astronomy.
One of the sources I may not be able to provide is the Oral history traditions - orally passed down for generations . It might have arisen due to the destruction of Universities and libraries eg. Taxila (near present day Islamabad), Sharda peeth (in the Neelum valley of Pak occupied Jammu & Kashmir)
12:27
Jayadratha
Thank you
This series was perfect !
1 question: The western part of Indian subcontinent, present day Pakistan, parts of Afghanistan and Kashmit got Islamised but not the rest of India until all the way to the other end of the subcontinent, present day Bangladesh.
The seat of Islamic power in India was Delhi but even Delhi and its surrounding areas are predominantly non-Muslim today, unlike Lahore, Dhaka, etc.
What could be the possible reasons for people in certain regions converting easily in comparison to others?
Because of population exchange after independence.
@@snehashispanda4808 is it true for afghanistan
@@snehashispanda4808 No even before partition, Bengal had a significantly higher Muslim population compared to rest of India until the western frontier (Pakistan). Also, Delhi had higher Hindu population than Muslims even before partition. Yes, there was population exchange but not to an extent where the demography of Delhi completely changed.
Because they were mostly Buddhist dominated areas population wise, muslim rule was longest there except briefly sikhs got power in North West india. You can see that after the fall of mighty shahis Northwest remained in muslim control till sikh rule or say a brief maratha intervention whereas in bengal things were worst...
In sindh and western Punjab majority population was Buddhist who din't resist enough and got easily converted. While in bengal conversions happen on large scale because of lack of resistance by the bong hindus. And in kashmir a loyal mulim minister of king in some 1400 became the king after death of the hindu king and converted the population forcefully,those who dint were killed. And since most of his ministry was still made up of bramins they were spared in the valley.
One correction. There is no fort williams in 1757. It was build later. and industrial revolution between 1760 and 1840 which means fort williams had 1 million rifles in 1820 or something like that , much later than timeline discussed by AIM
"Bengal was entirely the making of Delhi Sultanate and Mughals "
Shashanka : Am I a joke to you?
Dev pal : Ami I a joke to you also ?
Yeah
AIM has the worst combination of Tamil Bengali characteristics 😂
Sasha jam was beaten so badly Bhaskarvarman if kamrupa that he fled to mountains leaving his capital
Very informative. This needs to be in history books.
Amazing...how much homework was done and marathon presentation...Hats off Abhijeet..salute you. Thanks for organizing Kushal
what impact do the physical attributes (height weight etc), diet, cultural and religion of a common infantryman have on the battlefield?
Basketball, weight training
Indians going woke got abhijit in trouble over a small joke about orissa. Fair play to him for talking about Orissa despite what happened.
yup i am from balasore but i got to know more about Odisha from abhijit than 10 years of my school syllabus education
& i am from Odisha board
@@pranab9606 ଆମ education system ବେକାର, କିଛି ନାହି ଆମ ଇତିହାସ
@@chirak8635 ଏହା ହିଁ ତ ଦୁର୍ଭାଗ୍ୟ ଆମର , ଆମ ସଂସ୍କୃତିକୁ ସବୁଠାରୁ ଅଧିକ କ୍ଷତି ଆମର ବିଗତ 75 ବର୍ଷର ସ୍ୱାଧୀନ ଗଣତାନ୍ତ୍ରିକ ସରକାର ମଧ୍ୟରେ ହୋଇଛି
@@chirak8635 pura thik.Jadi ba central govt kichi karuni ama state govt ama history ku bhala bhabe padheiba katha.
@@pranab9606 you didn't learn about ganga and Gajapati?
Disrespecting enemies and too much pride made our downfall.
Abhijit forgot that the Dogras/sikh infact invaded tibet. They annexed ladakh to jammu kashmir in first invasion but were defeated in 2nd invasion of tibet. Dogras had a dream of annexing kailash mansarovar, however they were defeated in 2nd sino dogra war
they never captured or controlled it. Zorawar Daulat Singh famously died on way to Lhasa.
Bhai Jammu aur Himachal me Dogra rahte he na?
@@vikramadityahindu8591 of course they live their. Thats their historical homeland. Dogras are 85% overall in 10 districts Jammu division out of which hindu dogras are 65% overall. Simlarly Dogras are majority in Chamba and Kangra districts of Himachal with large percentage in Mandi, Hamirpur in HP and Pathankot, Hoshiarpur in Punjab.
@@shubham498 Is Dogra ethnicity or caste?
@@SaurabhSingh-zv1kf its an ethnicity. Some castes do use Dogra as surname but dogras are an ethnicity. They speak Dogri which is one of the official language of India and are mainly found in Jammu and Chamba, Kangra distt of Himachal.
Could we discuss tactics of great Indian military commanders like shivaji maharaj, Bajirao, hari singh nalwa, zorawar singh , lachit borphukan, chola navy ,
Discussion on mahabhart military point of view like formations , ranks , deception , motivational speakers
AIM has such a vast knowledge and memory of an Elephant sometimes I feel that may be he has a teleprompter in front of him, thanks you both for a wonderful presentation, hope you'll make more of such kind of videos.👍
We need Abhijit Iyer Mitra as HRD Minister.
He is just like subramanian swamy,bin painde ka lotta
True
The series also fills in the gaps left by Carroll Quigley in his "Weapon Systems and Political Stability".
Loved all the 3 parts. Could you create another part on the gunpowder/artillery evolution in Medieval India under the Turkic dynasties. Was guns and ammunition primarily bought in from Ottomans in a way how our current armed forces are dependant on Russian imports?
I always wondered about this fact, we collapsed after a single big battle while in Europe and West Asia ,even small kingdoms would survive after horrific losses.
Who said we collapsed, we are the only one who still holds its legacy since bronze age
AIM is good in his war history analysis but his overall Aura oozes Pessimism. He is pessimistic as hell. Sure India had multiple invasions , had Internal conflicts , were poor in war strategies.. Still our civilisation has managed to survive. There has to be some reason for isn't it?
classical sparta vs athens debate. millitary defeat and cultural subordination are different things
@@ravimishra18796 fantastic point. about time someone made this point! unlike all the other random comments that dont even make sense.
@@fealdorf 100% agreed.
Luck
@@fealdorf xactly
It helps a lot in understanding History....
A true gem of a video regarding history. 🙏🙏🙏
As an Odia I know our History.The Maratha raids were not frequent or devastating in Odisha.The Bhat Brahmins of Maratha were devotees of Baba Lingaraj and Jagannath ji.In fact many Marathas setteled in Odisha.
You can find the Nayak,Bhujbal,Rout surnames in Odisha.Their paternal ancestors from Marathi armies.
In the battle History of India the Khandayat and Paikas of Odisha are not mentioned.
The word mlechha means dirty,drunkard,womaniser,greedy and unethical.
The actual land of Odisha is from Ganga to Godavari.Since the Bengali and Telugus were conqured by Britishers earlier they were more in administration.They took large part of our land.
Can you make a video on Turks as a whole from where the originate when and how they took over central asia when and why they Islamized etc.
1192-2021 we still are not changed and we would likewise wiped of like the pagans from the face of the earth karte rehna fir fir 'ghar wapsi' and 'dharma revival'.
We are the last surviving Pagans .
Oh hey today is the coronation of Maharaj kapilendra dev .nice to see this today
Thanks kushal for this
55:36 if you know your history, you can instantly predict what abhijit is going to say after he starts with "incidentally, the same..." :)
I am from Assam. Jai Aai Ahom, Jai Hind!
Naam Tu bhal lagise. Book khon be film khon......
Wonderful and interesting .. All 3 parts ... 🙏🏽 Thank You so much
Very interesting series..
make a video on socio -economic and cultural aspect of turkic invasion on india .
The name gajapati means who rides elephants. I always believed that odia kings were able defeat invaders due to huge supply of war horse,well developed business relationships with south east asia,and all small kings uniting under the oath to protect the holy land of Lord Jaganatha.
Gajapati means lord of elephants man learn the language.
LOL how would South East Asia provide horses through trade? There were even more of a horse poor region than India
Kalpahad destroyed konark and firoz shah tughlaq destroyed Jagganath is given on wikipedia
Mr AIM...really good lecture; learned a lot
When the gunpowder weapons were introduced in India the Indian rulers saw the potential of it and many incorporated it in their armies, but why did the Indian kings never invested in this tech like the Europeans or Ottomans did which led to the further development of this tech in Europe, even though you said we were good in metalurgy and why didn't gunpowder weapons were used as an anti cavalry tactic like ottomans used it in 1473 against Aq Qoyunlu(used cavalry like the turks and Mongols).
Read about rain during battle of palassey and you will know why
@@Abhishek-sr2pu Europe has lots of rainfall but that didn't stop them and by the way the brits in plassey also used gunpowder weapons
@@sourabhdebnath8405 europe actually don't receive that much rain compared to indian mausumi season. And even then europe only got a huge amount of guns after the 30 year wars.
@@Abhishek-sr2pu the swedes defeated their opponents in 30 years war using artillery if their leader didn't died during the battle they would have continued their campaign and averge indian rainfall is between 11 to 25 inches and Europe is more than india in the regions above alps
@@sourabhdebnath8405 do europe also has mausumi season? And during that time many indians power also had a huge number of canon. Search about Mughal invasion of Bengal.
Who else stiol watching histpry videos of carvaka again and again 😮
Adding to Abhijeet analysis I would highly recommend Dan Carlin podcast titled wrath of khans to get mangol context.
AIM should write a book on Indian history...
01:57:21 Are Elephant cavalries best suited for invasions in swampy, marshy areas like Orissa and Assam? Did the Marathas win with Orissa and Bengal because of this to some extent?
Marathas didn't fight with odias they fought Mughals in Odisha.
@@chirak8635 Yeah I mean the same but Mughals didn't have enough elephants like Marathas or Rajputs or south so I was asking if Marathas won because of elephants since it is swampy, marshy and elephants are good in wet watery terrain as well unlike horses?
Tarain was followed by Chandawar which was even bitterly fought
Akbar was able to control Odisha when he had a secular image.Mughals started losing their hold in Odisha during auranzeb period.
This is a fairly understandable dynamic of feudal societies. The common people don't care too much who is oppressing them, and the intermediate nobility is placated if you give them power and wealth.
It is only when there is an assault on their fundamental beliefs and ways of life that there builds up enough support to actually rebel effectively.
Yes because Maan singh led the campaign in Orissa
@@tanmay6207 okay so you are saying maan Singh is great. Was he a Odia? If not why he didn’t led on his mother land. So don’t put your mind too much into odisha. Think more about your state. Odisha will get back to track very soon. You should try in your state. Track means you should know, what is real problem now. So get back to track everyone.
@s r mohanty. You are correct. Other states lose the battle because they have got confused with Islam. And they forgot Hinduism more faster. They could not figure out who is real enemy. All Hindus at least by now you should know who is the real enemy. Kill the enemy or you will be killed. There is only two situation left now. Everyone must get back to our world. Believe in yourself and in your god and work for your religion. There is very short time left. Everyone who ever is there tell all others and forget your caste. Your caste makes you week. It makes a boundary on your thinking. Actually your work is your caste. After you die then only your caste can be decided. Don’t decide caste before work.
@@pratiknaga 😐 I was just saying that akbar was able to control Orissa only because Maan Singh led the campaign (because Maan singh was a great military leader)
Vijayanagar empire was called “The Karnataka Empire” by the rulers themselves
The British historian Robert Sewell named it the neutral, “Vijayanagara Empire” to placate the Telugu speaking populace, who claim the ruling dynasty were from today’s Andhra state.
You see, the very last ruler Tirumala Deva Raya, was indeed from Andhra and he ended up controlling the empire as a regent, but he was never declared the legal king
The founding and ruling Tuluva dynasty, were from present day Karnataka indeed
Medieval history should be taught criticaly in our NDA & other training military Academies.
Please continue this seriesm
Sir please correct me if I am wrong, when the Arabs invaded and conquered Sindh , then further Arab incursions were checked. So why this didn't happen this time. This is an ernestrequest please make a video about the difference between the Arabian invasions and the Turkic invasions on India .
Love you guys. White guy from Canada
Abhijit Iyer Mitra is the last prophet!
We all should just submit to him and his commands! 😅
Fun aside,
I had one thing to say. You were discussing that historians are not sure what really happened between 5th and 7th century, that the caste system became so rigid.
So Manusmriti could have played some role maybe? It was written around 3rd Century AD and must have got mainstreamed by 5th Century.
never thought these two would be calling eachother Lodu nowdays 😂😂😂
Thanks kushal as I am banned from Twitter ,I love to see how you make your word count🙌❤️
Can you do a video where you compare samudragupta s raid to South and Turkic invasion towards South India and horses impact
Encircling and starving out is one of the widely used and successful ways to take a Fortified position like a Fort.
I am not aware of the particular battle but Prithviraj Chauhan may have opted for that approach to take back Bhatinda fort and so it took him a year to take the fort back.
Just because Ghuri took it within a week the second time (after it had been under siege for a year by Indians and so weakened probably) its hardly an example of the Power differential.
At best, it shows a difference in mindset.
Love from odisha
One correction on “Us versus them”. It was pretty evident in the literature from both Odishan era as well as Chola regions and Vijayanagaran areas .
There are umpteen examples and the term used was “Mleccha” pretty commonly in Eastern and Southern kingdom literature.
but not done too much about it
That division come much later during vakti movement.
03:41 Slavery and UPSC, nice correlation!😆😆
Hi really enjoyed the 3 episodes. Regarding Assam I came accross somewhere (not an academic source) that the kind of armour that the ahom army used also played an important part in the guerrilla tactics that led to it's victory. Apparently silk was used as light armour so the soldiers could be hidden in trees of the forest canopy as the Mughal army negotiated the swampy land with their horses and heavy armour.
Hey Abhijit, hey kushal. Do a similar presentation on Shivaji and his tactics. And core reason of success of Marathas in western and northern India.
@1:29:30 The last ruler was Rama Raya. Not Deva Raya.
Someone finally talked about Gajapatis!
A treat for fellow lovers of History: th-cam.com/video/bzatw32j-i4/w-d-xo.html (covers many of the Mongol events Abhijit talks about)
And don't miss the exploits of Legendary Mongol generals Subutai and Jebei from somewhere around 21:25
AIM should make a presentation on Burmese invasion of North East India.
Also one on Ming invasions of Burma.
AIM...you are so adorable and a brain box too!
For Indian kings war was a fun game.
I won you lose, let's play again
Chanakya in his arthashastra mentions about using tantric rituals to make the enemies feel sick, or have extreme bad luck or anything unnatural. Were there any records of such things during the turkic invasions?
If breeding horses required large plain areas then why mediaeval Japan had many horses and Samurai culture which is centered around swords ,bows and guys riding horse?where did they get their horses from ,I don't think they were able to breed them on their archipelago.
Going with what abhijit explained in the first video, it was probably not 'centered' around horses Japanese we're famous for fighting among themselves and only the feudal shogun probably sat on horses for ceremonial occasions while his army and all fighting was on foot. I'm not sure but that's my closest guess
Sir, we need more such case studies
Please ask Abhijit to talk on Maratha Empire also. Especially, strategies and tactics of Shivaji Maharaj and Bajirao I.
Abhijit Ji Why were pre-Islamic Hindu kings so averse to killing off the opponent king and his lineage after victory in battle? This would have helped in uniting the country or the subcontinent...on the same token why did Rajput clans/Kings never pursue final resolution of their several ongoing feuds by brutally killing other lineages and unifying Rajputana? Is it because Indian kińgdoms were basically theocracies where the Hindu priestly class or the BUddhist monastic class had pre-eminence over everybody? Did they pacify the population more than other parts of the world in order to hold on to their ascendant position? What were the reasons of the longstanding Rajput feuds anyways lasting several centuries?
What are learning’s now from the oldest time ? Like avoiding chasing weakness like cavalry etc which was discussed. Can be Part 4 of video