ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 ก.พ. 2022
- Discover the dark history of the American suburbs, and how practices like racial covenants restricted access to home ownership for people of color.
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Beginning in the 1800s, people began writing clauses into property deeds that were meant to prevent all future owners from selling or leasing to certain racial groups, especially Black people. These racial covenants spread like wildfire throughout the US, making cities more segregated and the suburbs more restricted. Kevin Ehrman-Solberg and Kirsten Delegard explore the legacy of these practices.
Lesson by Kevin Ehrman-Solberg and Kirsten Delegard, directed by Sofia Pashaei.
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![How the U.S. Government Segregated Chicago | [Inside Chicago, Part 1]](/img/n.gif)
Fun fact: one of the most famous segregated neighborhoods still has a landmark that people come from all over the world to see. It was called Hollywoodland and had a big sign in the hills to promote it because the San Fernando valley was becoming more integrated so a neighborhood for whites only was made on the other side of the hill. The Hollywood sign is the remnants of that legacy.
No it’s not
@@tommybriggs4405 Yes it is, look it up.
@@sweetestaphrodite We don't care about the facade it is trying to represent now. It is built on racism and oppression.
@@Gymantis
It’s built on dirt actually 🤨
Hollywoodland was real and the sign almost faded away after the whole thing fell through. Hugh Hefner saved the sign twice and just took away the “land” part. Don’t try to bury and ignore the past because it’s hard to accept-that’s how we learn from mistakes
why they don’t explain this in school is beyond me, it’s so much more relevant than what we focus on in terms of racial
history
It’s intentional. It helps to maintain the status quo
Because racial issues have traditionally been taught as HISTORY. The important thing is that all of these issues are still alive right this second. All of them including slavery (13th Amendment) still exist right now.
actually, we learned this in AP United States history just a few years ago! not sure about the Honors or regular classes, but Levittowns were a pretty big discussion in our history class. it's part of the curriculum!
Because it won't actually help you in your real life kids need to be taught financial responsibility how to balance a checkbook ect ect ect
@@Yithmaster need to be taught both
This is a very under-taught subject in schools with effects still today. Thanks for the overview.
My public school courses in the 80's never went beyond WWII and there was no discussion of any of the civil rights movements, racial segregation, or other forms of racial discrimination outside of slavery (which was just briefly mentioned). And then I went into a STEM field in college. Virtually everything I know about racial discrimination was learned outside of school (except for the racial discrimination inflicted on myself and others by some school personnel).
This is under-taught so young people get the wrong impressions about ethnic groups, races, and history of the US in general. This is one reason that young people, especially young men, are susceptible to white nationalism.
the lack of education of topics such as these directly leads to microaggressions towards BIPOC, which provide the structure for more insidious acts of racism. it’s not just in america, either - education systems are inherently slow to catch up but i wonder if sometimes the governments supporting them make them slower on purpose, especially if it’s a white-majority country
@@nuqwestr I’m in the south so pretty wide spread
@@nuqwestr Progressives, or democrats?
Somebody should mention that these witch covenants are only a thing in common law , and not in Napoleonic Law. So the places where they popped up were Britain , the US , , Canada and ofc , South Africa during apartheid. In Napoleonic Law , which closely resembles Roman Law , the deed of property excludes the seller from enforcing restrictions on the buyer after the exchange of property rights. Since , you know , the seller doesn't own the house anymore :)))
It's not really a recipe to fix the housing market and district economy in these countries but it is a cool historical fact.
Fyaza
True, UK still have covenants relating to use of land.
Can't find any source to state they were used racially in the UK though.
Great video, a follow up video should be America's dependency on Cars since you guys barely touched the tip of the iceberg in this video. It's insane how zoning, lobbying along side other factors all made American cities car dependent. Not only does it destroy homes to make way for streets/freeways, but it also destroys small business.
@@nuqwestr What are you on about lmao
They "barely touched the tip of the iceberg" because this video was ~specifically~ about the racism behind the American suburb and the housing market. I'm sorry you missed that part.
i think it also is affected by how housing works in the US and the distances etc. I live in asia btw but i would also like a video with this topic.
Not to mention the expenses a car brings and the environmental impact
There are hundreds of TH-cam videos about that
In short, we can blame the ugliness of American suburbs, cities, and traffic directly on racism.
Also on the car industry and oil industry. They captured the government and redesigned our towns to force us to buy more of their product.
💯
@Mars Designs yes.
Single family housing drives rent higher for families that can't afford to buy.
Makes it more expensive to live in the area since nothing is accessible.
Switching jobs is harder.
Public transport is underfunded which affects city dwellers.
Traffic from the suburbs also affects city dwellers because parking is valued more than housing in a city which further drives prices of living up for people who couldn't afford to move out.
And so on.
the fact that suburbs are so common is a design failure.
sweetie your entire existence can be blame on racism
AND classism. Snooty, snobby elites wanted to get rid of the poor (which sadly many African Americans were and still are a part of), so they bulldozed those areas (even majority white ones, in some places) and built the Interstates so they could drive straight to their comfy, luxurious suburbs or between rich city areas without driving by any stinky "peasants" (aka working class folks). The Interstates were weaponized against small town America and working class city folks alike. And unlike racism, America as a country has hardly even BEGUN to address or simply acknowledge the rampant systemic classism, against poorer whites and blacks alike.
My father’s family fled from Prospect Heights for Marine Park (both are neighborhoods in Brooklyn, NY), selling a brownstone that nowadays is worth MILLIONS… all because a few non-white people moved onto the street. (My dad was in high school, and was friends with everybody (he didn’t see any problem with skin color, he still doesn’t) and didn’t understand why they had to move.)
Of course, there were also unscrupulous real estate agents who would “show” houses on a street to people of color on a weekend day, so that everyone living there saw it, and then put their cards in every mailbox on Monday to see how many people would call asking to sell before the block “went bad.”
It’s a shame more people weren’t like my dad.
I heard about that. Prolly still happens lol
Thinks like that make me hope that those kind of decisions end up being deeply regretted
Kevin Ehrman-Solberg deserves the respect for the dedication and extensive work he's done for this topic.
It's important to remember history, also the not so convenient parts!
@UCgRcFMrmTRgQn7eN56kIzQQ
Keep telling yourself that. What was not correct, do you mean?
Remember it but don’t be controlled by it. The past should be informative of what was good and not so good. When we obsessively stare into it what does it actually change? I’ve not seen the community become stronger, more resilient or positively active. I’ve only watched anger, destruction and continued divisiveness.
@@JAMBALAYATALKS Remember and learn, not ignore.
@@JAMBALAYATALKS I disagree, I agree with Midi's rebuttal
As a german, i really have to agree.
My English teacher talked about this a couple days before this video came out and he explained it perfectly
The animation on this was perfect for the video. Good job, TED-Ed.
Eh it looked pretty uninspired and boring, at least compared to some of the other great animations in their videos
@@onobonono Well vector animations are easier to make hence uninspired
If it were another type of animation, you would've said the exact same thing.
@@romanski5811 no I wouldn't.
Not to mention the myriad economic and environmental issues with the 'burbs and the crippling, often undiagnosed and unacknowledged, depression they create for their residents
@@nuqwestr wut? What makes you a post modernist if you don't like red lining?
@@nuqwestr you didn't answer the question
@@nuqwestr why do you think they were "well-intentioned"
@@nuqwestr do you know what postmodernism _is?_
They cause depression? What why? You own your own house and land, you can socialize with neighbors, do plenty of stuff. Renting an apartment with neighbors above you constantly yelling or the land lord not repairing the water heater are so much worse than any suburban problem
I’ve heard this topic spoken about plenty of times. This video sums everything up perfectly.
The thing with the rent vs ownership reminds me a lot of how the situation is for young people in some other areas in the world. Maybe old people don't want young people (20s-30s) in their neighborhoods.... If that's true it would be a very sad state to be in.
I don't think it's about not wanting young people in your neighborhood. Okay, some people hate having kids around, but I doubt it's the majority. And old men usually enjoy the view more when it's peppered with young women (please don't hate on me, it is like it is).
I think the real issue is that old folks owns their houses. Therefore they're interested in their property increasing in value and hence oppose every measure that would not support that. But since young folks are usually less wealthy when compared to older house owners, they fail to buy into these neighborhoods.
@@lonestarr1490 I live in a 55+ mobile home community. I don't meet the requirements but was allowed because I was taking care of my grandmother. After she died they let me stay because I was 'quiet and paid the rent on time'. I think the assumption is that younger people are loud and obnoxious or will have kids that are loud and obnoxious. I myself don't really like kids and it's been nice living in an area without them. When some come to visit relatives and they hang out in the street and yell and scream, I know they're just playing and having fun but I just want them to go away. I suppose I'm simply a grumpy 'old' person.
@@lonestarr1490 In defense of those old folks, our economic system forces people, especially retirees, to be entirely dependent for their continued existence on their personal wealth. Yeah, it's true they technically get some social security, but it's not enough to offset our country's absurd medical bills and cost of living.
That's not to say some elderly aren't assholes. There definitely are some, and it certainly doesn't help when they vote for politicians whom are more concerned about lining their own pockets then supporting the wellbeing of an entire community.
It also illustrates the irony of unearned privilege: Almost everyone who benefits from relative privilege based on their race, gender, or class...still is worse off then they'd be in a more equitable society. In America, if you're not a billionaire, odds are you're far poorer then you'd be if the billionaires weren't in charge.
Thought this was actually going to talk about how suburbs bankrupt American cities. This was also informative.
Just found out about 10 years of TED-Ed.
Congratulations 🥳🥳❤️❤️😍🥰😘
That time when human created a problem that never existed or illogical in the first place.
As human always do.
Work in surveying in Dallas Fort Worth personally read covenant and recrictions saying no one of color can live on any lot unless confined in servent quarters. I live down the street from that subdivision.
The grim truth. Thank you, TedED
Nowadays, the suburbs have lost their magical sheen, as cities economically force low and middle income families to relocate to the suburbs. The affluent now are moving back into the cities, especially those urban areas where socioeconomic inequalities have historically flourished. The rich have also expanded into rural areas near metropolitan centers. My ongoing nightmare is the reality that I will have to move out of the city and into the suburbs.
J
Good stuff, it's a shame that kids in certain parts of America stand little chance of learning this.
@@nuqwestr Because this how structured education works. Lets abolish the whole school system, because all the infos are online anyway! /s
@@schonlingg.wunderbar2985 you know this is not even close to what he is saying.
Your sarcastic statement shows how un-critical your thinking is. (Even if you are joking)
A major barrier is the un-uniformed appraisal process. If they are going to base their appraisals on the value of houses in an area that is already depreciated because of the race while a few blocks down a different racially dominant community has higher values for the same type of home. It is very unfair.
Yet they want us to "forget" the past as if it still doesn't effect the present 🤦🏾♀️ thank u Ted Ed for making this video 🙏🏾
Who is "they"?
@@TheSwauzz The strawman.
@@nuqwestr bro, are you a bot? Stop being a reactionary filling this comment section with repetitive answers and actually have a discussion. Give us sources to refute these points, point to sound counterarguments. Talk about societal implications (because they remain despite your weird arguments).
@@AbrahamSamma do you have any souces to back your claim?
@@TheSwauzz a majority of republicans don’t want and are succeeding in not teaching critical race theory in schools, which is literally just history that shines a spotlight on racism in America. They are the “they”s.
I always love your videos! It’s a good change of pace for a short history lesson or riddle and I love it! Does anyone know the name of the song at 1:54?
Didn't know my favorite MN would be said here in this video, in housing. Interesting topic to hear a lot, the redline.
Damn ok. Just kidding, lol.
Wow. I never knew. I am stunned.
I’m listening to “We were Eight Years In Power” by Ta-nihisi Coats and he discusses racial covenants and it’s effect on the prison industrial complex.
i live in the suburbs and literally every kid that lives in the suburbs hates it and it SUCKS when you want to go somewhere but your parents cant drive you before you can drive- you're pretty much just stuck in your house
As a Brit I find the American burbs fascinating. as i did your comment on growing up in them. Would you mind giving a few other examples of typical burb life and why it sucks in general. And does it have any plus points at all? Lol 😁🍻
Its much better than an apartment complex in the city
@@HIFLY01 you know that outside of America, cities have houses, right?
@@Moses_VII oh wow yeah ok news to me. Didn't realize we were talking about any non American country in a video directly talking about American suburbs
@@nuqwestr Thanks for this, interesting stuff 👍🏼
Even today there are so many loopholes to the Fair Housing Act. You can make up so many excuses to exclude people without mentioning race. Their age can be an excuse, the number of people can be an excuse
Having a criminal(felony or misdemeanor) record is also used an excuse to not give whoever a home
Bro what part of American history ISN’T dark?
That is very true and it is always against minorities
What part of history ISNT dark?
Dark for minorities, but Heaven for white people (oppressor)
@@Triumphantinwarandpeacea lot of history isn’t dark.
For reals
Congratulations on 10 years of Ted-Ed!
We have these covenants in Canada too (mostly against Asian demographics.) I saw them on title when I was a conveyancer. They are ignored but still listed on the archived documents 💔
@@murph_mustela that’s terrible 😞
Nice video.
Suburban System overall is the stupidest system to House middle-income population. City planners should never fully segregate Residential and Commercial area. Human are social creatures and not individualist robots. Your Daily necessities (Grocery, medicine etc.) should not be longer than 5-8 minutes of walk from your home. Tightly pack your houses, throw some shops.. or let house owners to build a shop on their property.
Also it (Suburban) is an inefficient usage of land. Land that could be left unused for nature, or used for more housing plots, or for commerce area, or maybe a park...
Sadly this is still a thing in malaysia, where the land is segregate between the "native" (malay) and the non native (indian, chinese)
Malays are not even native to Malaysia!
This is why I speak so badly about Houston's lack of zoning laws. I had a classmate who lived in a decent neighborhood, and her family was one of the remaining few people of color who lived in that area because gentrification pushed everyone else out. All to make way for a condo for upper middle class and upper class people. How can Silvester Turner support this sort of project development (gentrification also happens when building or expanding highways/freeways) when the people he's supposed to represent are pushed out into shittier conditions? Yeah, sure, it gives more money to the city for development (gentrification and lack of zoning laws allow big companies to establish a location wherever they see fit), but I'm sure none of it is used to actually improve areas that desperately need repairs. That's how we end up with a population of lower income people and people of color who live in areas prone to flooding and without the protection against flooding. It's what causes so many families to be displaced because insurance isn't cheap and because they can't afford to go anywhere else.
Higher density means cheaper housing in the long run. I'm not sure what you're on about. You can't realistically keep a town the same forever. They need to change. Its when you try to use zoning to prevent gentrification that you see a sharp rise in housing prices and *ironically* gentrification because there's just not enough space for everyone to live in that same spot.
Can we get a video on Robert Moses and what he did in NYC?
Suburbs are easily the worst thing that has ever happened to cities.
There is a great story about this in the town of Massapequa on a website by the historian Mark Romaine. Highly recommended
I don’t understand how people could hate others simply because of the pigment of their skin… 😐
Nobody hates anybody because of the color of their skin! But Because of the crime that comes with certain cultures!!!! Stop lying!!!!
@@returnofthegorgon8687 Which cultures commit crimes?
I have heard that this behavior stems from the caveman days
@@nonewnames9994 All of them lol
Take a walk through Harlem.
I checked out Levittown on google maps. As a European, this looks very odd to me.
@@nuqwestr he just said it looked odd chill tf out
@@nuqwestr sounds like you are the one with an agenda.
America wanted to be a cheap remake of Europe but made none of the amenities walkable because of profits
@@nuqwestr you sound like a dusty old man full of green dust that can't learn anything new and is unable to dream of improving the world.
I'm glad Europe didn't get ruined by car dependent suburbs the way America did.
It's still legal in Israel.
Palestianins are banned from various housing societies, as they would "harm the intended cultural nature of the community".
Sad smh
Its no secret that the suburbs lack biodiversity and habitats for wildlife, look at how many houses there are now. can you imagine all the forests and grasslands lost to development of cities and towns?
That’s why diversity is so important and it matters for the long term future of American society. If there were more people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds in job positions of city planners, neighborhood builders, and mortgage lenders the suburbs would not be so highly segregated with a majority white population. It is a cause and effect scenario due to the people in charge of decision making in the housing market 💯
Diversity wouldn’t change any of this. Diversity will be the downfall of America, I’m from the Middle East. The reason why the Middle East and Africa are in the situation it’s in is because of diversity and it’s consequence called “tribalism”. USA will fail, same way how Rome failed and fell after migration from barbarians.
@@analyzeit4682 Rome failed because it was too enormous, because inequality was rampant and enormous and because corruption was everywhere. Learn your history.
That's horrible. I knew there was steering, and oppression, and pushing out, and land grabbing and murder - but I didn't know about this. It makes me sick to think that people thought this was OK.
Well done
And this is why this is one of the reasons suburban areas in America are so horrible and don't actually make money after a while unlike Europe's suburban areas which are much much better
This isn't new information. BRAVE AND BOLD
Thank you for teaching me more about racism.
No wonder so many of us are stuffed into these tiny apartments even to this day
You should have discussed Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948).
Try to teach this in some high schools in the states, they'll call it CRT and ban it like it isn't a fact.
BUt mY PooR LITtLe AnGeLS MaY StART AcTUallY THinKing AboUT THiS StuFF!
As someone who's never been to America, it baffles me how something like this can happen, and then depresses me when I realise it's in my country as well but in a different form
@@freddieallen7842 white kids are not responsible for any of this. We will protect them. And if protecting our kids bothers you , so be it.
@@zwhsantwnopoylos5972 White kids can't create systems of oppression, but white adults can. Your children have nothing to feel guilty about because they didn't exist when these laws/practices were put in place. Give them the opportunity to learn from the past, so they don't make the same mistakes. Also, CRT is a topic that law students study. It's not being taught to children. That would be like saying your child can make a model of the solar system, therefore they can accurately describe the theory of relativity.
FYI its not just conservatives & right-wringers that are against CRT. There are liberals & left-wingers who are also against CRT.
@@zwhsantwnopoylos5972 Protect them from what?
I've watched a film called SUBURBICON and this concept-to some extent-is portrayed in the film.
Jesus why just a simple needs to get a house gets even now unnecessarily complicated ? 😕
Because the racists didn't want to live with people other than their skin colour.
@@rustyglue yeah some jerks never learn
@@riopratamamartin7870 being able to treat some people differently for no inherent reason is *extremely* profitable
Because in the olden days, houses were within walking distance from shops, some of which were also houses. It is a much better life style. And it didn't destroy the environment and the economy.
America has survived suburbs because their petrodollar and global superpower status allows them to afford such a white elephant style of life.
What is sad is that even though the racial covenants and red lining are no longer in place by law, we as a society maintain these systems via our psyche and actions. Geographic racism and discrimination are still very real.
Yo this beat goes hard tho
Dang I've never heard of this
This makes me sick to hear about, but it's so important.
Hi. Thánk
can you make a video on gentrification i dont understand it
People can be so heartless, especially when they believe they are superior or when they don't get what the want.
I know right!? Jeeze and to know we are all gonna end up dead/under ground no matter what color our skin is. We seem to be primitive in our thinking process in many regards…tisk tisk.
wow i never knew this, is this also the cause of suburbs outside of america?
I've got a statement under the guidelines and restrictions for my neighborhood that specifies no blacks Mexicans or Asians... And it's dated 1967 😵💫
Music? 0:02-0:34
This makes me sad 😢
That’s very messed up 😦
Am i trippin, or was there so much motion blur in this video? Thought i wss going blind
Important history for us to know about.
This is the type of thing you’d learn about in a legal course through the lens of Critical Race Theory. But conservative bad faith actors have bastardized CRT into making people believe it’s about division based on race instead of understanding the inherent divisions caused by our countries legal history. It’s an important course and it’s sad that a significant portion of our country is being misled to believe otherwise.
Well said 👏👏👏
yeah because it's not already illegal in every way to discriminate against people on the basis of race for ANY REASON WHATSOEVER... This is a nation of Laws, the Laws says, racial discrimination is fking ILLEGAL. Everything else is a function of time, not awareness. What the flying fukpotato are all you people smoking... I want a bucket of it.
@@ZennExile something can be illegal and people find ways to tread the gray line via normalization of bad habits. It's the nuances that matter. We experience this everyday and it's difficult to prove these cases because nobody wants to recognize the commonsensical fact that humans are inherently prone to doing bad things and conceal their acts. Then institutions normalize the practice via negligence and ignorance, or in this case, ideology and culture. Edit: it's less about witch hunting and division and more about killing a bad cultural habit, a vestigial of a very real past.
Republicans are just deconstructing CRT.
Think of it like Critical CRT Theory.
Crt is pure racism
If anyone is looking for a good shirt book on this subject, I would recommend "The color of Law" by Richard Rothstein
The irony is while people want to come back into the inner city but they can stay out bc they made their choice already
i live in the twin cities, and i really hate how i didn't know this-
And still there are so many people frm around the world who want to establish in that country. I can't understand it
Second Thought, Climate Town and Not Just Bikes have just subscribed to TED-Ed ;-)
I find this video very interesting, but the story very sad.
‘What you might not know’? Nah, they know this. We’ve been screaming about this for decades and been called paranoid or race monger’s
You did a critical race theory. People who are benefitting from past racism and don't want to admit it are trying to make it illegal for you to talk about it.
people like to be around people that look like them.
If the city of Birmingham had a lower dissimilarity index than the city of Atlanta in every census since 1940, where did it come from that Birmingham has been, and Atlanta hasn't been among the most segregated cities in the country.
Are there other countries beside USA, who did that?
i live near minneapolis and i never knew... this is just terrible
I've never been told anything about this is school...not surprising
Wow, I've lived in MN my whole life and didn't know this. How dissappointing!!!!
Another pleasant valley Sunday Charcoal burnin' everywhere rows of houses that are all the same and no one seems to care
"The color of skin doesn't define one's worth."
Going into it.. im thinking Levvit town
Update:
It took 2 min....
Racism comes in so many different flavors, but always seems to be sold by the same old white guy
I bet if those folks back then had their DNA done, they would have found out that most of them were "other than Caucasian." At least partly.
“Pull yourself up by your bootstraps” they say… 😒😒
i never understood why americans were so dependent on cars. Because if its a suburbs wouldn't you be able to walk to the grocery store, to your friends house. or there would be public transport. I thought suburbs would have a decents population enough to have a good public transport system. Until now. If you live in an isolated area with a small population i can see you would have the need to use cars for everything. now i somewhat understand.
Like it's so weird like wouldn't they want to make more money
I wish the title used 'american suburbs' instead
o.O well, this is VERY disturbing...
Sad but also insane!
...whoa.
I wish the references for this were put in the description :/
Search online before the relevant sources and references disappear, as it seems to be happening with the Reichskonkordat, the Inquisition, the Dark Ages, and other past 'inconveniences'.
In India, we don't have color as a discrimination factor much..but we do have religion based discrimination. This world needs equality.
Damn Minnesota, I used to think so highly of you.
Way to paint a whole state.
@@jonhohensee3258 You're right, I shouldn't have thought so highly of an entire state. Now I see that every state has issues.
@@computerfreak247 - You're messed up.
@@jonhohensee3258 😆 You are so funny.
Wow.
The Color doesn't define ones worth but so many of us judge other because of the skin pigment
Interesting and ironic, a lot of urban areas are being gentrified or seeing an increase of white neighbors. And, regardless of how much money I make, I actually have no desire to move to the suburbs in the first place